fundn.¹

Brit.

/fʌnd/, U.S.

/fənd/

Forms: 1600s funde, 1600s– fund, 1700s ffund.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin fundus.

Etymology: < classical Latin fundus bottom (also specifically the bottom of a vessel), base, basis, foundation, country estate, farm, in post-classical Latin also lower part (of a bodily organ) (from 12th cent. in British sources), part of a hollow organ located furthest from the organ's outlet (16th cent. in Vesalius) < the same Indo-European base as bottom n. The semantic development (especially in financial uses) was influenced by association with French fond and fonds (for both, see fond n.²; their semantic differentiation was not fixed until the 17th cent.). Compare later fond n.², fundus n.Compare also Old Occitan, Occitan fons , Catalan fons , Portuguese fundo , Italian fondo (all 13th cent.), Spanish fondo (12th cent.), all earliest in senses of branch II. Specific senses. With sense 4b compare earlier fundus n., fundus uteri n. In sense 8 probably after French fond (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in this sense: 1707 or earlier, in carrosse à deux fonds).

I. A source or supply of something.

1. A source or supply of something. Cf. fond n.² 4.Since the 19th cent., chiefly with reference to immaterial things (see sense 1b).

a. A source of some material good; a stock or supply of material things. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > source of supply

breastOE

store1297

teata1382

sponge1603

resource1611

fund1628

quarry1630

stock1638

fond1685

feeder1817

stockpile1942

1628 W. Folkingham Panala Medica xii. 99 I haue at all times Funds or Bags of the Ingredients in readinesse made vp compleat.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 49 The Matter it self [being] restored to its original Fund and Promptuary, the Earth.

1716 R. Cotes Let. 6 Mar. in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) (1722) 31 69 For let A B, represent the plane of the Horizon..E F, a fund of Vapours or Exhalations at a considerable height above us.

1725 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 231 I know not what funds they have of the papers of those times.

1757 A. Cooper Compl. Distiller i. xviii. 79 Nor is this the only Fund of their Brandies.

1793 N. Vansittart Refl. Propriety Peace 127 An inexhaustible fund of recruits may be drawn from Hungary.

1818 Niles' Weekly Reg. 18 July 355/1 The proportion of woodland which ought to belong to every farm, as a permanent fund of timber for building and repairing houses.

1919 Jrnl. Educ. (Univ. of Boston School of Educ.) 90 299/1 It is remarkable that an American University should be able to establish so immense a fund of books as the one in Cambridge.

1990 Amer. Ethnologist 17 768 It is essential that the fund of food be redistributed to participants.

b. A source of something immaterial, such as knowledge, information, or conversation; a stock or supply of something immaterial.In earlier use sometimes with admixture of sense 5.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > source of supply > specifically of immaterial things

fund1682

1682 T. Beverley Woe of Scandal 92 It makes Hell more dreadful; the seat, and Center, the Fund of Scandal, where all the good Principles men have had..are all swallowed up.

1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 219 Nor had I a Fund of religious Knowledge.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xvi. 115 There is a fund of good sense in this country, which cannot be deceived.

1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds vi. 80 When we get such a fund of labour as this at our command.

1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xii. 300 Beatrice possesses a fund of hidden tenderness beneath her exterior gaiety and sarcasm.

1877 A. B. Edwards Thousand Miles up Nile vi. 134 The Painter..brings a fund of experience into the council.

1916 Rotarian Oct. 357/1 When one stands before an audience to speak, he frequently finds that his fund of information is smaller than he imagined.

1944 W. S. Maugham Razor's Edge ii. 68 Isobel was a talkative girl, with an ample fund of chit-chat.

1974 New Sci. 7 Mar. 594/1 Mr Wilson has a potentially invaluable fund of goodwill on his side.

2010 Daily Tel. 7 Dec. 37/1 An inspired anecdotalist with a dry sense of humour and a fund of risqué stories.

a. A sum of money, esp. one saved or made available for a particular purpose. Cf. fond n.² 2a.consolidated fund, hedge fund, managed fund, mutual fund, reserve fund, sinking fund, slush fund, trust fund, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose

box1389

packa1393

stock1463

bank1559

fund1660

fond1664

nest-egg1801

money fund1860

cookie jar1936

1660 H. Ellis Encyclical Epist. 10 The erecting of a fund vnto assisting and relieuing such Brethren, as might be..destitute of Residences.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vi. 95 Or, if that Fund be deficient, it is largely supplyed by the Crown.

1765 O. Goldsmith Traveller (ed. 2) 11 And even those ills, that round his mansion rise, Enhance the bliss his scanty fund supplies.

1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 544/2 The principal projector of the fund for decayed musicians.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xvi. 139 A small fund raised by the conversion of some spare clothes into ready money.

1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 25 There is a reserve fund, valued at from two to three times the amount of the yearly expenditure.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 158/4 I..figured out how I could make that little house livable by spending my vacation fund on rehabilitation.

1987 Changing Times June 82/1 The insurance company offers you the choice of several funds—a stock fund or bond fund, for example—and your return depends on how you deploy the cash and how the funds perform.

2015 Church Times 13 Nov. 11/1 A 64-year-old weightlifter has boosted the restoration fund for his church's tower by almost £2000.

b. In plural. The money at the disposal of a person, organization, etc.; financial resources.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun]

coffer1377

pursec1384

possibilityc1385

moneyc1390

financec1475

abilityc1503

purse stringc1530

moyen1547

means1560

financy1600

pocket1633

fonds1669

wherewith1674

apoinctee1682

funds1700

ways and means1738

money stock1743

pecuniary1748

pecuniar1793

wherewithal1809

ante1843

pocketbook1897

1700 J. Tutchin Remarks Present Condition Navy 18 I..shall leave it to the Consideration of your Honourable house..whether this sort of Practice has not been a main Cause of the Deficiency of our Funds?

1725 E. Young Universal Passion: Satire I 10 By your Revenue measure your expence, And to your Funds and Acres joyn your Sense.

1798 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 225 Your Committee has little doubt of its bringing into the Corporation Funds a sum of money.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. ii. 15 When he had no funds he went on tick.

1865 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. (ed. 6) I. i. v. §1. 81 Funds which have not yet found an investment.

1873 C. Robinson New S. Wales 93 An additional guarantee from the public funds of one-half the cost of building.

1933 V. Brittain Test. of Youth xi. 581 They had to rely on such ignominious expedients as jumble sales for raising funds.

1973 Jet 29 Nov. 44/1 If you're low on funds when they pass the collection plate, don't worry—you can charge it.

2011 Economist 12 Feb. 57/3 Local officials had told residents they lacked the funds to pump water along existing pipes.

†a. A portion of revenue set apart as a security for specified payments. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > as security

fund1663

1663 W. Killigrew Proposal 11 There is no end of Security, as long as there is a Fund to support it.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew (at cited word) A Staunch Fund, a good Security.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1734) II. 208 The Parliament went on slowly in fixing the Fund for the Supplies they had voted.

1729 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. IX. xvii. 118 Some good Fund should be assigned to her for the Payment of what was due to her from the States.

1740 W. Douglass Disc. Currencies Brit. Plantations in Amer. 13 The 500,000l. lately proposed without Fund or Period.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 541 The first general mortgage or fund, consisting of a prolongation to the first of August, 1706, of several different taxes, which would have expired within a shorter term.

1817 C. G. Craufurd Observ. State of Country 29 A fund of the necessary magnitude to give effectual support to our financial system..could not possibly be raised at once.

1819 H. Wheaton Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 4 198 But it is not true that the parties have in view only the property in possession when the contract is formed, or that its obligation does not extend to future acquisitions. Industry, talents, and integrity, constitute a fund which is as confidently trusted as property itself.

b. British. In plural. Also with capital initial. The stock of the national debt, considered as a mode of investment; government securities. Chiefly in the (public) Funds. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1689 J. Child Disc. conc. Trade E.-Indies 10 A general failure of Credit in all publick Funds, caused many Adventurers to sell their Stocks.

1699 Importance of Publick Credit 2 They lament the great Sums raised every Year to pay Interest, Annuities, &c. they think the Purchasers of Funds have had too good Bargains.

1699 Importance of Publick Credit 2 Some Gentlemen..are without difficulty prevailed upon to be angry, especially when they see an overgrown Stock-jobber's Estate swelled to such a Bulk in so small a time, by dealing in the Funds.

1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 55. 353 Methought my Mony chink'd..for joy of the Safety of the rest I have in the Funds.

1783 W. Cowper Let. 23 Nov. (1981) II. 183 If he be the happiest man who has least money in the funds.

1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 52 Funds is a general term for money lent to government, and which constitutes the national debt.

1830 Q. Rev. Mar. 489 Persons possessed of small capitals in Scotland never purchase into the public funds; having the most unbounded confidence in the solidity of their own banks, they universally deposit in those establishments all the capital which they can spare.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xx. 174 Look what the funds were on the 1st of March.

1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World ii. 10 He..must have close on a hundred and fifty thousand in the funds.

1955 C. S. Lewis Surprised by Joy xiii. 90 He wore the expression of a nineteenth-century gentleman with something in the Funds.

1994 Econ. Hist. Rev. 47 696 London merchants often chose the Funds in preference to bank accounts, because government securities paid dividends or their equivalent, while cash accounts at London banks bore no interest.

†II. A bottom or foundation, and related senses.

a. The bottom of something; the lowest part. Often figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > root or base

rootc1225

base?c1425

basis1615

fund1636

fundus1659

root end1675

origin1692

radix1697

the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > specific part of

fund1636

fundus1659

pons1798

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > lowest position > bottom or lowest part

bottomeOE

foota1200

lowestc1225

roota1382

tailc1390

founcea1400

basement1610

sole1615

fund1636

foot piece1657

footing1659

underneath1676

bottom side1683

ass1700

doup1710

keel1726

1636 A. Baker Conversio Morum (2007) II. 307 There remaining for all that in the soule and in her funde, as a roote, great store and measure of sellfe-loue, sellf-will, and selfe-seeking.

1652 J. E. Byfleet Briefe Explic. xi. 72 The image of God which he hath impressed or stamped in the Fund or bottome of their soules.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 36 An adventitious joy, which hath no funde or bottome.

1709 Brit. Apollo 16–21 Dec. A Glass-Bubble..fix'd..to the Fund of a Vessel.

1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 281 So that the Wound may be closed in its whole Length, from the Fund to the outward Orifice.

a1761 W. Law Comfort Weary Pilgrim (1809) 58 This depth is called the center, the fund or bottom of the soul.

b. The fundus of an organ, esp. the uterus or eye (see fundus n. 1). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1672 H. Chamberlen tr. F. Mauriceau Dis. Women with Child i. xix. 100 If it be the ordinary Courses, the blood comes away periodically at the accustomed times, and flows by degrees from the neck, near the inward Orifice of the Womb, and not from its Fund [Fr. non pas de son fond].

1675 G. Harvey Dis. of London 68 So the Pylorus seems likewise to Decline downwards by the Contraction of the Fund of the Stomack.

1682 H. More Annot. Lux Orientalis 18 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. Objects of Sight, whose Chief, if not onely Images, are in the fund of the Eye.

1757 Philos. Trans. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 487 This extraordinary mass adhered only to the fund of the uterus.

1797 M. Mears Pupil of Nature 86 The peculiarity of the complaints may be owing to the compression being casually made either upon the neck or the fund of the bladder.

1815 J. Fearn Demonst. Princ. Primary Vision 27 Now the picture, in the Fund of the Eye, is the last optical fact which we can trace.

5. Basis, foundation; = fond n.² 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun]

ground1340

root1340

substancec1384

fundament1395

foundationc1400

groundment?a1412

footing1440

anvila1450

bottom ground1557

groundwork1557

foot1559

platform1568

subsistence1586

subject matter1600

ground-colour1614

basisa1616

substratum1631

basement1637

bottoma1639

fonda1650

fibre1656

fund1671

fundamen1677

substruction1765

starting ground1802

fundus1839

1671 W. Annand Mysterium Pietatis 34 His Conception in the womb being the fund and bottom of all that followed.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 143 A secret desire of Independence..is graven on the very fund of our corrupt nature.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 75 The only Fund for this Conjecture is Hermippus's Relation of Pythagoras's Death.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 6 The..British product, being the fund of its inland trade.

1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. i. 17 Weak Ties indeed, and what may afford Fund enough for Ridicule.

6. A farm. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > [noun]

townOE

wick1086

farm1414

gainery1424

farmhold1471

room?a1513

farm place1526

colony1566

labouring1604

podere1605

fund1694

location1813

bowery1842

ranch1865

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. 248 You to your..rural Fund migrate [Fr. Aux agres migre].

7. The main area of the flat surface of a medal, as distinct from any figure or text placed upon it; = field n.¹ 17c. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > memorial or monument > medal > [noun] > other parts of

fund1697

1697 J. Evelyn Numismata vi. 214 Moulding..Medals..in case they polish the Fund with any Tool, 'twill then seem to have been trimm'd with more Niceness and Formality than is Genuine.

8. A coach seat. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > parts of > seat

fund1698

1698 M. Lister Journey to Paris 12 To begin with the Coaches, which are very numerous here..: But there are but few, and those only of the great Nobility, which are large, and have two Seats or Funds.

9. A low-lying area of ground. Cf. bottom n. 6a. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner II. Explan. Plan M. Tallard's Garden sig. Dd2 The Parterre, consisting of one oblong Quarter of Grass-work, which we call a Fund of Grass, upon which many Varieties of Works are cut out.

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 61 Bowling-Greens, or hollow Funds of Grass [Fr. Des Boulingrins ou Renfoncemens de gazon].

Phrases

†P1. upon one's own fund: on one's own account; independently. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 796 For with what confidence can I address to an incensed and offended God, purely upon my own fund or interest, when I am conscious of a thousand times more evil in me to provoke him against me, than of good to recommend me to his favour?

1748 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) II. cxciii. 239 I took to him for his resemblance to you; but am grown to love him upon his own fund.

†P2. out of one's own fund: from one's own stock of knowledge, out of one's own head. Obsolete. rare. [Compare French de son propre fonds (early 17th cent. or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1702 T. Brown Select Epist. Cicero Pref. sig. A8 The translating of most of the French Letters gave me as much trouble as if I had written them out of my own Fund.

†P3. in the fund: essentially, basically; at bottom. Obsolete. rare. [Compare French au fond (1585), dans le fond (a1662), in same sense.]

ΚΠ

1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy iv. 51 I know, Madam does fret you a little now and then, that's true; but in the Fund she is the softest, sweetest, gentlest Lady breathing.

P4. in funds: in possession of money; having money to spend.

ΚΠ

1805 G. Caines N.-Y. Term Rep. Supreme Court 2 146 A consent on their part to take the brokers as paymasters, if they were in funds and willing to become so.

1879 M. E. Braddon Cloven Foot II. i. 11 When he was in funds he preferred a hansom.

1895 Law Times 99 545/1 With a view to putting the society in funds to pay its out-of-pocket disbursements.

1911 E. Wharton Ethan Frome iii. 71 He knew from experience the imprudence of letting Zeena think he was in funds on the eve of one of her therapeutic excursions.

1955 Times 21 Oct. 14/2 Isaacs advised the commander to put him in funds to the extent of £1,800.

2014 R. Edric Sanctuary (2015) ix. 58 I took it [sc. drink] only when it was offered, when it was close at hand or when I was in funds.

P5. Finance (originally U.S.). fund of funds: an investment fund which invests only in other investment funds, designed to reduce risk by diversifying the investment over a wider range of assets. Also attributive or as adj.In earliest use as the name of the first of this type of fund.

ΚΠ

1964 Times 22 Apr. 19/2 I.O.S.'s [i.e. Investors Overseas Services's] greatest success is a mutual fund, the Fund of Funds, which invests only in other funds.

1967 Mutual Fund Legislation 1967: Hearings before U.S. Senate Comm. on Banking & Currency (90th Congr., 1st Sess.) II. i. 89 How would the Commission feel about a fund of funds on a no-load basis?

1986 R. C. Dorf New Mutual Fund Investm. Advisor vi. 110 One drawback to the fund-of-funds approach is the possibility of layered fees. Investors can be saddled with both the fund-of-funds fees and the management charges of the individual funds that make up the portfolio.

2012 N.Y. Mag. 14 May 18/1 Scaramucci aims to make SkyBridge—a ‘fund of funds’ that creates portfolios of hedge-fund investments—the first company of its kind to target ‘the mass affluent’.

Compounds

fundlord n. [after landlord n.] depreciative (now historical) a magnate whose wealth derives from investment or speculation in government securities; cf. sense 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [noun] > money-dealer > capitalist or financier

money-master1577

moneyed mana1593

financier1601

fooker1607

fowker1630

man of finance1701

moneyed interest1711

capitalist1774

fundlord1821

financialist1831

financian1840

financist1846

capitalizer1874

player1934

1821 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 21 Apr. 177 Having the Landlords with them and the people, too, which they will have by a Reform that they will find it their interest to grant, they may safely set the Fund-lords at defiance.

1822 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 19 Jan. 154 The taxes being, in fact, tripled by Peel's Bill, the fundlords increase in riches.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Apr. 3/1 The Rothschild family..those land-absorbing Fund-lords.

1996 Social Hist. 21 275 By 1838 he [sc. John Knight] was writing of the robbery of working men not only by landlords and fundlords but also by ‘canal lords..and other sorts of lords’.

fund management n. (a) a group of people employed to administer and regulate the use of a fund or funds; (b) administration of a fund or funds (in later use frequently attributive).

ΚΠ

1863 Allen's Indian Mail 19 Sept. 804/2 The fund management state that they ‘have been in expectation that the amalgamation scheme would formally recognise the necessity of such supplemental relief by the Government’.

1889 Christian Advocate 21 Nov. 13/2 City Treasurer Ridgeway..suspended by the mayor for alleged irregularities in fund management.

1934 Michigan Alumnus 3 Nov. 75/1 Investment counsel business, specializing in fund management.

1989 A. Lorenz Fighting Chance iv. 123 At least one major fund management group sold its entire Rowntree holding.

1997 L. Gibson in F. J. Fabozzi Pension Fund Investm. Managem. (new ed.) i. 16 Knowing if active management is successful depends wholly on being able to measure it. There are still far too many fund managements who only pay lip service to this obvious reality.

2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 24 Mar. b4/1 The company..has grown to become a large and diverse fund management company.

fund manager n. a person employed to administer and regulate the use of a fund or funds.

ΚΠ

1841 Globe (Washington, D.C.) 9 July If we were insolvent the money could not be missed, and if the contrary, it could be done without the expense or the humiliation of engaging fund managers.

1854 Athenæum 27 May 655/1 There is in the American papers an odd commentary on the deeds and misdeeds of the Fund managers.

1933 Proc. Ann. Meeting (Amer. Assoc. Univ. Teachers of Insurance) 29 Dec. 4 If he could be sure that banks will never fail and if interest return were of no object the conscientious fund manager would perhaps put all of his resources on deposit with the bank.

1976 M. Apple Oranging of Amer. 25 You can bet one of the fund managers will call me about that sale.

2013 T. Bernhardt European Alternative Investm. Fund Managers Directive iii. 87 Liability of the fund managers is the key for the realisation of a stronger sustainability and to prevent a nationalisation of the losses in future.

fund-monger n. depreciative †(a) a person who invests or speculates in government securities (obsolete); (b) a fund manager (rare).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > dealer in stocks and shares > type of

profit taker1552

bull1714

bear1718

fund-monger1734

lame duck1806

stag1845

taker-in1852

cornerer1869

wrecker1876

corner-man1881

market-rigger1881

boursocrat1882

offeror1882

ribbon clerk1882

inflater1884

manipulator1888

underwriter1889

kangaroo1896

piker1898

share pusher1898

specialist1900

tailer1900

writer1906

placee1953

corporate raider1955

tippee1961

raider1972

bottom fisher1974

white knight1978

greenmailer1984

1734 J. Bruce Considerations Necessity of taxing Annuities 24 For, say the Fund-mongers, we supplied the Government in dangerous Times.

1862 N.-Y. Tribune 12 June 6/3 Importing that the present civil war has been got up by jobbers, swindlers and fundmongers.

2000 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 1 July n2 He [sc. the chairman of the Ontario Securities Commission]..slashes his way through the golden tower at Front and Bay, where the snickering, evil fund mongers have taunted him for years.

† fund-mongering n. U.S. depreciative Obsolete investment or speculation in government securities.

ΚΠ

1840 Vermont Patriot 31 Aug. The great patron of fund-mongering, federalism and aristocracy.

1886 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 210 Thoroughly imbued with its hostility to perpetual debt and fund-mongering.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

fundv.

Brit.

/fʌnd/, U.S.

/fənd/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fund n.¹

Etymology: < fund n.¹ Compare earlier funding n.

†a. intransitive. To create, contribute to, or invest in a fund (fund n.¹ 3a) for payment of the interest on a public or national debt. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1762 ‘Englishman’ Let. Right Honourable Earl of Bute 9 Had we funded only to the sum of forty or fifty millions, perhaps the nation would not be the weaker for it.

1784 S. Gale Ess. II. on Nature & Princ. Public Credit 78 Dr Price's plan, for avoiding the geometrical increase of the nominal capital, or artificial debt, by funding on stocks bearing merely a higher interest.

1790 Gaz. United States 14 Apr. 419/3 To fund—or not to fund, that is the question!

1804 Deb. 20 Apr. in Parl. Deb. (1812) II. 179 Next year..we should have to fund for Exchequer bills, in addition to the periodical loan the necessaries of the state will require.

b. transitive. Originally: to provide a fund (fund n.¹ 3a) for the regular payment of the interest on (an amount of public debt); (hence) to convert (a floating debt) into a more or less permanent debt at a fixed rate of interest. See debt n. 4d.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > owe [verb (transitive)] > convert floating to permanent debt

fund1764

1764 London Evening-Post 28 Apr. This whole sum..was really a debt incurred by the war, tho' not funded.

1772 F. Webb Thoughts on Constit. Power 35 That pernicious system of funding the national debt.

1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 584 If they fund their public debt judiciously..I believe they will be able to borrow any sums they please.

1802 in G. Rose Diaries (1860) I. 513 Exchequer bills, which he says he shall either fund at the end of the session or borrow money to pay off.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation iii. ii. 441 Had it been funded in a six and a quarter or six and a half per cent. stock, the interest might have been reduced, five-and-twenty years ago, to 4 or 4½ per cent.

1918 Amer. Econ. Rev. 8 783 The large floating debt was funded into preferred stock.

1958 V. G. Wilhite Founders Amer. Econ. Thought & Policy xi. 372 Although Gallatin opposed the assumption of the state debts, he favored full payment of the national debt proper. He implies that full payment might very well have been made without funding the national debt.

2009 R. A. Goldthwaite Econ. Renaissance Florence iii. 260 The crown consolidated and funded the debt and financed interest and amortization through assignments of fixed income.

†2. transitive. To invest (a sum of money); spec. to invest (money) in government securities (see fund n.¹ 3b). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest

improve1461

occupy1465

to put out1572

vie1598

put1604

stock1683

sink1699

place1700

vest1719

fund1778

embark1832

to put forth1896

1778 Let. to Ld. G. Germaine 75 That obstacle would be very easily removed, either by funding their money..or abolishing the debt.

?c1815 J. Leathart Sketch some Particulars 9 My proposal to form a fund by subscription of one day's pay in each month..to be funded by the Paymasters of the Army, according to rules which I formed.

1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1855) II. v. 48 John Ridley sent a hundred pounds over to his father..who funded it in his son's name.

1908 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 12 6 The investment of $5281.08 derived from life-memberships, which was funded..in accordance with a vote of the Council.

3. transitive. To accumulate (a fund of memories, stories, experiences, etc.); to collect, store up. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > specific something immaterial

fund1806

bank1950

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vii. 143 I have been little in a humour for..noting them down in my tablets;—I have funded a few loose agonies, however, of both sorts.

1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 50 Every day and everywhere we are unconsciously funding a stock of treasures and pleasures of memory.

1879 Family Herald 14 June 109/1 A reserve of lion-like courage was funded ready for use in that dull mass of matter.

1945 Kenyon Rev. 7 298 When he has completed his month's tour, and reviewed his notes and maps, he has funded a great aggregate of impressions.

a. transitive. To pay out (money), esp. for a particular cause or purpose; to provide or supply (money) as funding.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)]

yieldc893

pay?c1225

spendc1450

make1473

redd1491

to pay in1623

betall1630

to pay away1731

fund1843

spring1851

1843 Spirit of Times 4 Feb. 586/2 The defendant..still refused to fund the money.

1926 Scotsman 18 Sept. 6/8 Acceptance of this proposal will only serve to fund sums which the Company has been in the habit of paying already.

1995 Field & Stream June 97/3 The groups say they support funding money for the programs through other means—such as recouping millions lost when the Reagan Administration diverted money from the Land and Water Conservation Fund.

2005 E. F. Cadwallader Pot for every Lid v. 84 The then famous fan dancer who had funded the money for Ella's studio and started her in business.

†b. intransitive. to fund up: to pay up, to provide funds. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > pay [verb (intransitive)] > pay up or out

to shell out1821

dub1823

stump1828

to stump up1836

tip1847

cash1854

to ante up1861

to fund up1888

pony1894

brass1898

cough1920

to pay up1941

to dig down1942

1888 G. M. Fenn Man with Shadow II. xix. 223 Nearly new surplice, sir; and I shall have to come round..for subscriptions to get another. You will have to fund up among the rest, if you don't want to see your poor parson in rags.

5. transitive. To finance (a person or enterprise); to supply with funds; to pay for.Now the usual sense.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > supply (person) with money

money1528

pouch1810

fund1900

society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > supply money for something

moneya1697

subsidize1852

refinance1895

fund1900

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > provide with capital

stock1615

finance1783

financier1873

capitalize1878

fund1900

angel1904

bankroll1915

1900 Westm. Gaz. 6 July 6/3 The War Office had..given the London Scottish commander to understand that they..would ‘fund’..the 320 men who were in readiness to join the emergency camp.

1966 New Statesman 7 Jan. 27/4 (advt.) These posts are funded from a Hayter Committee Grant.

1970 Sci. Jrnl. Jan. 28/4 We work in a system in which research projects are funded by grants.

1970 Sunday Times 8 Mar. 60/8 An average local radio station..costs £80,000 a year to run. Eventually all will be funded wholly by the BBC, at an annual cost..of some £3,200,000.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 26 Apr. 36/2 The president funded me out of his own budget.

2003 E. Gregg & R. Trillo Rough Guide to Gambia 57 Others are simply desperate for quick cash to fund a drug habit.

2003 L. Morley Quality & Power in Higher Educ. p. x Convinced of the value of such a study, I decided to fund it myself.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fund
释义	fundn.¹ Brit. /fʌnd/, U.S. /fənd/ Forms: 1600s funde, 1600s– fund, 1700s ffund. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin fundus. Etymology: < classical Latin fundus bottom (also specifically the bottom of a vessel), base, basis, foundation, country estate, farm, in post-classical Latin also lower part (of a bodily organ) (from 12th cent. in British sources), part of a hollow organ located furthest from the organ's outlet (16th cent. in Vesalius) < the same Indo-European base as bottom n. The semantic development (especially in financial uses) was influenced by association with French fond and fonds (for both, see fond n.²; their semantic differentiation was not fixed until the 17th cent.). Compare later fond n.², fundus n.Compare also Old Occitan, Occitan fons , Catalan fons , Portuguese fundo , Italian fondo (all 13th cent.), Spanish fondo (12th cent.), all earliest in senses of branch II. Specific senses. With sense 4b compare earlier fundus n., fundus uteri n. In sense 8 probably after French fond (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in this sense: 1707 or earlier, in carrosse à deux fonds). I. A source or supply of something. 1. A source or supply of something. Cf. fond n.² 4.Since the 19th cent., chiefly with reference to immaterial things (see sense 1b). a. A source of some material good; a stock or supply of material things. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > source of supply breastOE store1297 teata1382 sponge1603 resource1611 fund1628 quarry1630 stock1638 fond1685 feeder1817 stockpile1942 1628 W. Folkingham Panala Medica xii. 99 I haue at all times Funds or Bags of the Ingredients in readinesse made vp compleat. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 49 The Matter it self [being] restored to its original Fund and Promptuary, the Earth. 1716 R. Cotes Let. 6 Mar. in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) (1722) 31 69 For let A B, represent the plane of the Horizon..E F, a fund of Vapours or Exhalations at a considerable height above us. 1725 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 231 I know not what funds they have of the papers of those times. 1757 A. Cooper Compl. Distiller i. xviii. 79 Nor is this the only Fund of their Brandies. 1793 N. Vansittart Refl. Propriety Peace 127 An inexhaustible fund of recruits may be drawn from Hungary. 1818 Niles' Weekly Reg. 18 July 355/1 The proportion of woodland which ought to belong to every farm, as a permanent fund of timber for building and repairing houses. 1919 Jrnl. Educ. (Univ. of Boston School of Educ.) 90 299/1 It is remarkable that an American University should be able to establish so immense a fund of books as the one in Cambridge. 1990 Amer. Ethnologist 17 768 It is essential that the fund of food be redistributed to participants. b. A source of something immaterial, such as knowledge, information, or conversation; a stock or supply of something immaterial.In earlier use sometimes with admixture of sense 5. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > source of supply > specifically of immaterial things fund1682 1682 T. Beverley Woe of Scandal 92 It makes Hell more dreadful; the seat, and Center, the Fund of Scandal, where all the good Principles men have had..are all swallowed up. 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 219 Nor had I a Fund of religious Knowledge. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xvi. 115 There is a fund of good sense in this country, which cannot be deceived. 1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds vi. 80 When we get such a fund of labour as this at our command. 1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xii. 300 Beatrice possesses a fund of hidden tenderness beneath her exterior gaiety and sarcasm. 1877 A. B. Edwards Thousand Miles up Nile vi. 134 The Painter..brings a fund of experience into the council. 1916 Rotarian Oct. 357/1 When one stands before an audience to speak, he frequently finds that his fund of information is smaller than he imagined. 1944 W. S. Maugham Razor's Edge ii. 68 Isobel was a talkative girl, with an ample fund of chit-chat. 1974 New Sci. 7 Mar. 594/1 Mr Wilson has a potentially invaluable fund of goodwill on his side. 2010 Daily Tel. 7 Dec. 37/1 An inspired anecdotalist with a dry sense of humour and a fund of risqué stories. 2. a. A sum of money, esp. one saved or made available for a particular purpose. Cf. fond n.² 2a.consolidated fund, hedge fund, managed fund, mutual fund, reserve fund, sinking fund, slush fund, trust fund, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose box1389 packa1393 stock1463 bank1559 fund1660 fond1664 nest-egg1801 money fund1860 cookie jar1936 1660 H. Ellis Encyclical Epist. 10 The erecting of a fund vnto assisting and relieuing such Brethren, as might be..destitute of Residences. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vi. 95 Or, if that Fund be deficient, it is largely supplyed by the Crown. 1765 O. Goldsmith Traveller (ed. 2) 11 And even those ills, that round his mansion rise, Enhance the bliss his scanty fund supplies. 1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 544/2 The principal projector of the fund for decayed musicians. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xvi. 139 A small fund raised by the conversion of some spare clothes into ready money. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 25 There is a reserve fund, valued at from two to three times the amount of the yearly expenditure. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 158/4 I..figured out how I could make that little house livable by spending my vacation fund on rehabilitation. 1987 Changing Times June 82/1 The insurance company offers you the choice of several funds—a stock fund or bond fund, for example—and your return depends on how you deploy the cash and how the funds perform. 2015 Church Times 13 Nov. 11/1 A 64-year-old weightlifter has boosted the restoration fund for his church's tower by almost £2000. b. In plural. The money at the disposal of a person, organization, etc.; financial resources. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] coffer1377 pursec1384 possibilityc1385 moneyc1390 financec1475 abilityc1503 purse stringc1530 moyen1547 means1560 financy1600 pocket1633 fonds1669 wherewith1674 apoinctee1682 funds1700 ways and means1738 money stock1743 pecuniary1748 pecuniar1793 wherewithal1809 ante1843 pocketbook1897 1700 J. Tutchin Remarks Present Condition Navy 18 I..shall leave it to the Consideration of your Honourable house..whether this sort of Practice has not been a main Cause of the Deficiency of our Funds? 1725 E. Young Universal Passion: Satire I 10 By your Revenue measure your expence, And to your Funds and Acres joyn your Sense. 1798 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 225 Your Committee has little doubt of its bringing into the Corporation Funds a sum of money. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. ii. 15 When he had no funds he went on tick. 1865 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. (ed. 6) I. i. v. §1. 81 Funds which have not yet found an investment. 1873 C. Robinson New S. Wales 93 An additional guarantee from the public funds of one-half the cost of building. 1933 V. Brittain Test. of Youth xi. 581 They had to rely on such ignominious expedients as jumble sales for raising funds. 1973 Jet 29 Nov. 44/1 If you're low on funds when they pass the collection plate, don't worry—you can charge it. 2011 Economist 12 Feb. 57/3 Local officials had told residents they lacked the funds to pump water along existing pipes. 3. †a. A portion of revenue set apart as a security for specified payments. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > as security fund1663 1663 W. Killigrew Proposal 11 There is no end of Security, as long as there is a Fund to support it. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew (at cited word) A Staunch Fund, a good Security. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1734) II. 208 The Parliament went on slowly in fixing the Fund for the Supplies they had voted. 1729 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. IX. xvii. 118 Some good Fund should be assigned to her for the Payment of what was due to her from the States. 1740 W. Douglass Disc. Currencies Brit. Plantations in Amer. 13 The 500,000l. lately proposed without Fund or Period. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 541 The first general mortgage or fund, consisting of a prolongation to the first of August, 1706, of several different taxes, which would have expired within a shorter term. View more context for this quotation 1817 C. G. Craufurd Observ. State of Country 29 A fund of the necessary magnitude to give effectual support to our financial system..could not possibly be raised at once. 1819 H. Wheaton Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 4 198 But it is not true that the parties have in view only the property in possession when the contract is formed, or that its obligation does not extend to future acquisitions. Industry, talents, and integrity, constitute a fund which is as confidently trusted as property itself. b. British. In plural. Also with capital initial. The stock of the national debt, considered as a mode of investment; government securities. Chiefly in the (public) Funds. Now historical. ΚΠ 1689 J. Child Disc. conc. Trade E.-Indies 10 A general failure of Credit in all publick Funds, caused many Adventurers to sell their Stocks. 1699 Importance of Publick Credit 2 They lament the great Sums raised every Year to pay Interest, Annuities, &c. they think the Purchasers of Funds have had too good Bargains. 1699 Importance of Publick Credit 2 Some Gentlemen..are without difficulty prevailed upon to be angry, especially when they see an overgrown Stock-jobber's Estate swelled to such a Bulk in so small a time, by dealing in the Funds. 1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 55. 353 Methought my Mony chink'd..for joy of the Safety of the rest I have in the Funds. 1783 W. Cowper Let. 23 Nov. (1981) II. 183 If he be the happiest man who has least money in the funds. 1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 52 Funds is a general term for money lent to government, and which constitutes the national debt. 1830 Q. Rev. Mar. 489 Persons possessed of small capitals in Scotland never purchase into the public funds; having the most unbounded confidence in the solidity of their own banks, they universally deposit in those establishments all the capital which they can spare. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xx. 174 Look what the funds were on the 1st of March. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World ii. 10 He..must have close on a hundred and fifty thousand in the funds. 1955 C. S. Lewis Surprised by Joy xiii. 90 He wore the expression of a nineteenth-century gentleman with something in the Funds. 1994 Econ. Hist. Rev. 47 696 London merchants often chose the Funds in preference to bank accounts, because government securities paid dividends or their equivalent, while cash accounts at London banks bore no interest. †II. A bottom or foundation, and related senses. 4. a. The bottom of something; the lowest part. Often figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > root or base rootc1225 base?c1425 basis1615 fund1636 fundus1659 root end1675 origin1692 radix1697 the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > specific part of fund1636 fundus1659 pons1798 the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > lowest position > bottom or lowest part bottomeOE foota1200 lowestc1225 roota1382 tailc1390 founcea1400 basement1610 sole1615 fund1636 foot piece1657 footing1659 underneath1676 bottom side1683 ass1700 doup1710 keel1726 1636 A. Baker Conversio Morum (2007) II. 307 There remaining for all that in the soule and in her funde, as a roote, great store and measure of sellfe-loue, sellf-will, and selfe-seeking. 1652 J. E. Byfleet Briefe Explic. xi. 72 The image of God which he hath impressed or stamped in the Fund or bottome of their soules. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 36 An adventitious joy, which hath no funde or bottome. 1709 Brit. Apollo 16–21 Dec. A Glass-Bubble..fix'd..to the Fund of a Vessel. 1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 281 So that the Wound may be closed in its whole Length, from the Fund to the outward Orifice. a1761 W. Law Comfort Weary Pilgrim (1809) 58 This depth is called the center, the fund or bottom of the soul. b. The fundus of an organ, esp. the uterus or eye (see fundus n. 1). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1672 H. Chamberlen tr. F. Mauriceau Dis. Women with Child i. xix. 100 If it be the ordinary Courses, the blood comes away periodically at the accustomed times, and flows by degrees from the neck, near the inward Orifice of the Womb, and not from its Fund [Fr. non pas de son fond]. 1675 G. Harvey Dis. of London 68 So the Pylorus seems likewise to Decline downwards by the Contraction of the Fund of the Stomack. 1682 H. More Annot. Lux Orientalis 18 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. Objects of Sight, whose Chief, if not onely Images, are in the fund of the Eye. 1757 Philos. Trans. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 487 This extraordinary mass adhered only to the fund of the uterus. 1797 M. Mears Pupil of Nature 86 The peculiarity of the complaints may be owing to the compression being casually made either upon the neck or the fund of the bladder. 1815 J. Fearn Demonst. Princ. Primary Vision 27 Now the picture, in the Fund of the Eye, is the last optical fact which we can trace. 5. Basis, foundation; = fond n.² 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] ground1340 root1340 substancec1384 fundament1395 foundationc1400 groundment?a1412 footing1440 anvila1450 bottom ground1557 groundwork1557 foot1559 platform1568 subsistence1586 subject matter1600 ground-colour1614 basisa1616 substratum1631 basement1637 bottoma1639 fonda1650 fibre1656 fund1671 fundamen1677 substruction1765 starting ground1802 fundus1839 1671 W. Annand Mysterium Pietatis 34 His Conception in the womb being the fund and bottom of all that followed. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 143 A secret desire of Independence..is graven on the very fund of our corrupt nature. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 75 The only Fund for this Conjecture is Hermippus's Relation of Pythagoras's Death. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 6 The..British product, being the fund of its inland trade. 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. i. 17 Weak Ties indeed, and what may afford Fund enough for Ridicule. 6. A farm. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > [noun] townOE wick1086 farm1414 gainery1424 farmhold1471 room?a1513 farm place1526 colony1566 labouring1604 podere1605 fund1694 location1813 bowery1842 ranch1865 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. 248 You to your..rural Fund migrate [Fr. Aux agres migre]. 7. The main area of the flat surface of a medal, as distinct from any figure or text placed upon it; = field n.¹ 17c. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > memorial or monument > medal > [noun] > other parts of fund1697 1697 J. Evelyn Numismata vi. 214 Moulding..Medals..in case they polish the Fund with any Tool, 'twill then seem to have been trimm'd with more Niceness and Formality than is Genuine. 8. A coach seat. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > parts of > seat fund1698 1698 M. Lister Journey to Paris 12 To begin with the Coaches, which are very numerous here..: But there are but few, and those only of the great Nobility, which are large, and have two Seats or Funds. 9. A low-lying area of ground. Cf. bottom n. 6a. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner II. Explan. Plan M. Tallard's Garden sig. Dd2 The Parterre, consisting of one oblong Quarter of Grass-work, which we call a Fund of Grass, upon which many Varieties of Works are cut out. 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 61 Bowling-Greens, or hollow Funds of Grass [Fr. Des Boulingrins ou Renfoncemens de gazon]. Phrases †P1. upon one's own fund: on one's own account; independently. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 796 For with what confidence can I address to an incensed and offended God, purely upon my own fund or interest, when I am conscious of a thousand times more evil in me to provoke him against me, than of good to recommend me to his favour? 1748 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) II. cxciii. 239 I took to him for his resemblance to you; but am grown to love him upon his own fund. †P2. out of one's own fund: from one's own stock of knowledge, out of one's own head. Obsolete. rare. [Compare French de son propre fonds (early 17th cent. or earlier).] ΚΠ 1702 T. Brown Select Epist. Cicero Pref. sig. A8 The translating of most of the French Letters gave me as much trouble as if I had written them out of my own Fund. †P3. in the fund: essentially, basically; at bottom. Obsolete. rare. [Compare French au fond (1585), dans le fond (a1662), in same sense.] ΚΠ 1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy iv. 51 I know, Madam does fret you a little now and then, that's true; but in the Fund she is the softest, sweetest, gentlest Lady breathing. P4. in funds: in possession of money; having money to spend. ΚΠ 1805 G. Caines N.-Y. Term Rep. Supreme Court 2 146 A consent on their part to take the brokers as paymasters, if they were in funds and willing to become so. 1879 M. E. Braddon Cloven Foot II. i. 11 When he was in funds he preferred a hansom. 1895 Law Times 99 545/1 With a view to putting the society in funds to pay its out-of-pocket disbursements. 1911 E. Wharton Ethan Frome iii. 71 He knew from experience the imprudence of letting Zeena think he was in funds on the eve of one of her therapeutic excursions. 1955 Times 21 Oct. 14/2 Isaacs advised the commander to put him in funds to the extent of £1,800. 2014 R. Edric Sanctuary (2015) ix. 58 I took it [sc. drink] only when it was offered, when it was close at hand or when I was in funds. P5. Finance (originally U.S.). fund of funds: an investment fund which invests only in other investment funds, designed to reduce risk by diversifying the investment over a wider range of assets. Also attributive or as adj.In earliest use as the name of the first of this type of fund. ΚΠ 1964 Times 22 Apr. 19/2 I.O.S.'s [i.e. Investors Overseas Services's] greatest success is a mutual fund, the Fund of Funds, which invests only in other funds. 1967 Mutual Fund Legislation 1967: Hearings before U.S. Senate Comm. on Banking & Currency (90th Congr., 1st Sess.) II. i. 89 How would the Commission feel about a fund of funds on a no-load basis? 1986 R. C. Dorf New Mutual Fund Investm. Advisor vi. 110 One drawback to the fund-of-funds approach is the possibility of layered fees. Investors can be saddled with both the fund-of-funds fees and the management charges of the individual funds that make up the portfolio. 2012 N.Y. Mag. 14 May 18/1 Scaramucci aims to make SkyBridge—a ‘fund of funds’ that creates portfolios of hedge-fund investments—the first company of its kind to target ‘the mass affluent’. Compounds fundlord n. [after landlord n.] depreciative (now historical) a magnate whose wealth derives from investment or speculation in government securities; cf. sense 3b. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [noun] > money-dealer > capitalist or financier money-master1577 moneyed mana1593 financier1601 fooker1607 fowker1630 man of finance1701 moneyed interest1711 capitalist1774 fundlord1821 financialist1831 financian1840 financist1846 capitalizer1874 player1934 1821 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 21 Apr. 177 Having the Landlords with them and the people, too, which they will have by a Reform that they will find it their interest to grant, they may safely set the Fund-lords at defiance. 1822 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 19 Jan. 154 The taxes being, in fact, tripled by Peel's Bill, the fundlords increase in riches. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Apr. 3/1 The Rothschild family..those land-absorbing Fund-lords. 1996 Social Hist. 21 275 By 1838 he [sc. John Knight] was writing of the robbery of working men not only by landlords and fundlords but also by ‘canal lords..and other sorts of lords’. fund management n. (a) a group of people employed to administer and regulate the use of a fund or funds; (b) administration of a fund or funds (in later use frequently attributive). ΚΠ 1863 Allen's Indian Mail 19 Sept. 804/2 The fund management state that they ‘have been in expectation that the amalgamation scheme would formally recognise the necessity of such supplemental relief by the Government’. 1889 Christian Advocate 21 Nov. 13/2 City Treasurer Ridgeway..suspended by the mayor for alleged irregularities in fund management. 1934 Michigan Alumnus 3 Nov. 75/1 Investment counsel business, specializing in fund management. 1989 A. Lorenz Fighting Chance iv. 123 At least one major fund management group sold its entire Rowntree holding. 1997 L. Gibson in F. J. Fabozzi Pension Fund Investm. Managem. (new ed.) i. 16 Knowing if active management is successful depends wholly on being able to measure it. There are still far too many fund managements who only pay lip service to this obvious reality. 2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 24 Mar. b4/1 The company..has grown to become a large and diverse fund management company. fund manager n. a person employed to administer and regulate the use of a fund or funds. ΚΠ 1841 Globe (Washington, D.C.) 9 July If we were insolvent the money could not be missed, and if the contrary, it could be done without the expense or the humiliation of engaging fund managers. 1854 Athenæum 27 May 655/1 There is in the American papers an odd commentary on the deeds and misdeeds of the Fund managers. 1933 Proc. Ann. Meeting (Amer. Assoc. Univ. Teachers of Insurance) 29 Dec. 4 If he could be sure that banks will never fail and if interest return were of no object the conscientious fund manager would perhaps put all of his resources on deposit with the bank. 1976 M. Apple Oranging of Amer. 25 You can bet one of the fund managers will call me about that sale. 2013 T. Bernhardt European Alternative Investm. Fund Managers Directive iii. 87 Liability of the fund managers is the key for the realisation of a stronger sustainability and to prevent a nationalisation of the losses in future. fund-monger n. depreciative †(a) a person who invests or speculates in government securities (obsolete); (b) a fund manager (rare). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > dealer in stocks and shares > type of profit taker1552 bull1714 bear1718 fund-monger1734 lame duck1806 stag1845 taker-in1852 cornerer1869 wrecker1876 corner-man1881 market-rigger1881 boursocrat1882 offeror1882 ribbon clerk1882 inflater1884 manipulator1888 underwriter1889 kangaroo1896 piker1898 share pusher1898 specialist1900 tailer1900 writer1906 placee1953 corporate raider1955 tippee1961 raider1972 bottom fisher1974 white knight1978 greenmailer1984 1734 J. Bruce Considerations Necessity of taxing Annuities 24 For, say the Fund-mongers, we supplied the Government in dangerous Times. 1862 N.-Y. Tribune 12 June 6/3 Importing that the present civil war has been got up by jobbers, swindlers and fundmongers. 2000 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 1 July n2 He [sc. the chairman of the Ontario Securities Commission]..slashes his way through the golden tower at Front and Bay, where the snickering, evil fund mongers have taunted him for years. † fund-mongering n. U.S. depreciative Obsolete investment or speculation in government securities. ΚΠ 1840 Vermont Patriot 31 Aug. The great patron of fund-mongering, federalism and aristocracy. 1886 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 210 Thoroughly imbued with its hostility to perpetual debt and fund-mongering. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). fundv. Brit. /fʌnd/, U.S. /fənd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fund n.¹ Etymology: < fund n.¹ Compare earlier funding n. 1. †a. intransitive. To create, contribute to, or invest in a fund (fund n.¹ 3a) for payment of the interest on a public or national debt. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1762 ‘Englishman’ Let. Right Honourable Earl of Bute 9 Had we funded only to the sum of forty or fifty millions, perhaps the nation would not be the weaker for it. 1784 S. Gale Ess. II. on Nature & Princ. Public Credit 78 Dr Price's plan, for avoiding the geometrical increase of the nominal capital, or artificial debt, by funding on stocks bearing merely a higher interest. 1790 Gaz. United States 14 Apr. 419/3 To fund—or not to fund, that is the question! 1804 Deb. 20 Apr. in Parl. Deb. (1812) II. 179 Next year..we should have to fund for Exchequer bills, in addition to the periodical loan the necessaries of the state will require. b. transitive. Originally: to provide a fund (fund n.¹ 3a) for the regular payment of the interest on (an amount of public debt); (hence) to convert (a floating debt) into a more or less permanent debt at a fixed rate of interest. See debt n. 4d. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > owe [verb (transitive)] > convert floating to permanent debt fund1764 1764 London Evening-Post 28 Apr. This whole sum..was really a debt incurred by the war, tho' not funded. 1772 F. Webb Thoughts on Constit. Power 35 That pernicious system of funding the national debt. 1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 584 If they fund their public debt judiciously..I believe they will be able to borrow any sums they please. 1802 in G. Rose Diaries (1860) I. 513 Exchequer bills, which he says he shall either fund at the end of the session or borrow money to pay off. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation iii. ii. 441 Had it been funded in a six and a quarter or six and a half per cent. stock, the interest might have been reduced, five-and-twenty years ago, to 4 or 4½ per cent. 1918 Amer. Econ. Rev. 8 783 The large floating debt was funded into preferred stock. 1958 V. G. Wilhite Founders Amer. Econ. Thought & Policy xi. 372 Although Gallatin opposed the assumption of the state debts, he favored full payment of the national debt proper. He implies that full payment might very well have been made without funding the national debt. 2009 R. A. Goldthwaite Econ. Renaissance Florence iii. 260 The crown consolidated and funded the debt and financed interest and amortization through assignments of fixed income. †2. transitive. To invest (a sum of money); spec. to invest (money) in government securities (see fund n.¹ 3b). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest improve1461 occupy1465 to put out1572 vie1598 put1604 stock1683 sink1699 place1700 vest1719 fund1778 embark1832 to put forth1896 1778 Let. to Ld. G. Germaine 75 That obstacle would be very easily removed, either by funding their money..or abolishing the debt. ?c1815 J. Leathart Sketch some Particulars 9 My proposal to form a fund by subscription of one day's pay in each month..to be funded by the Paymasters of the Army, according to rules which I formed. 1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1855) II. v. 48 John Ridley sent a hundred pounds over to his father..who funded it in his son's name. 1908 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 12 6 The investment of $5281.08 derived from life-memberships, which was funded..in accordance with a vote of the Council. 3. transitive. To accumulate (a fund of memories, stories, experiences, etc.); to collect, store up. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > specific something immaterial fund1806 bank1950 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vii. 143 I have been little in a humour for..noting them down in my tablets;—I have funded a few loose agonies, however, of both sorts. 1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 50 Every day and everywhere we are unconsciously funding a stock of treasures and pleasures of memory. 1879 Family Herald 14 June 109/1 A reserve of lion-like courage was funded ready for use in that dull mass of matter. 1945 Kenyon Rev. 7 298 When he has completed his month's tour, and reviewed his notes and maps, he has funded a great aggregate of impressions. 4. a. transitive. To pay out (money), esp. for a particular cause or purpose; to provide or supply (money) as funding. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] yieldc893 pay?c1225 spendc1450 make1473 redd1491 to pay in1623 betall1630 to pay away1731 fund1843 spring1851 1843 Spirit of Times 4 Feb. 586/2 The defendant..still refused to fund the money. 1926 Scotsman 18 Sept. 6/8 Acceptance of this proposal will only serve to fund sums which the Company has been in the habit of paying already. 1995 Field & Stream June 97/3 The groups say they support funding money for the programs through other means—such as recouping millions lost when the Reagan Administration diverted money from the Land and Water Conservation Fund. 2005 E. F. Cadwallader Pot for every Lid v. 84 The then famous fan dancer who had funded the money for Ella's studio and started her in business. †b. intransitive. to fund up: to pay up, to provide funds. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > pay [verb (intransitive)] > pay up or out to shell out1821 dub1823 stump1828 to stump up1836 tip1847 cash1854 to ante up1861 to fund up1888 pony1894 brass1898 cough1920 to pay up1941 to dig down1942 1888 G. M. Fenn Man with Shadow II. xix. 223 Nearly new surplice, sir; and I shall have to come round..for subscriptions to get another. You will have to fund up among the rest, if you don't want to see your poor parson in rags. 5. transitive. To finance (a person or enterprise); to supply with funds; to pay for.Now the usual sense. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > supply (person) with money money1528 pouch1810 fund1900 society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > supply money for something moneya1697 subsidize1852 refinance1895 fund1900 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > provide with capital stock1615 finance1783 financier1873 capitalize1878 fund1900 angel1904 bankroll1915 1900 Westm. Gaz. 6 July 6/3 The War Office had..given the London Scottish commander to understand that they..would ‘fund’..the 320 men who were in readiness to join the emergency camp. 1966 New Statesman 7 Jan. 27/4 (advt.) These posts are funded from a Hayter Committee Grant. 1970 Sci. Jrnl. Jan. 28/4 We work in a system in which research projects are funded by grants. 1970 Sunday Times 8 Mar. 60/8 An average local radio station..costs £80,000 a year to run. Eventually all will be funded wholly by the BBC, at an annual cost..of some £3,200,000. 1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 26 Apr. 36/2 The president funded me out of his own budget. 2003 E. Gregg & R. Trillo Rough Guide to Gambia 57 Others are simply desperate for quick cash to fund a drug habit. 2003 L. Morley Quality & Power in Higher Educ. p. x Convinced of the value of such a study, I decided to fund it myself. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1628v.1762
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fundn.1

Phrases

Compounds

fundv.

fundn.¹