ad libitumadv.n.adj.

Brit.

/ˌad ˈlɪbᵻtəm/, U.S.

/ˌæd ˈlɪbədəm/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ad libitum.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin ad libitum (5th cent.) < classical Latin ad (see ad- prefix) + classical Latin or post-classical Latin libitum pleasure, either use as noun of neuter of past participle of classical Latin libet it pleases (see libitude n.), or accusative of libitus (u-stem noun) < libit-, past participial stem of libet + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns.Parallel phrases using the corresponding plural are attested for both Latin forms: classical Latin ad libita (showing the plural of libitum), post-classical Latin ad libitus (5th cent., showing the plural of libitus).

A. adv. At one's pleasure or discretion; at will, as one pleases.

1. = ad lib adv. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb]

to one's willOE

by one's willOE

self-willesOE

after a person's willOE

a-willc1275

at willc1300

at one's (own) liberty1426

ad placituma1556

at pleasure1579

ad libitum1606

arbitrarilya1626

arbitrariously1653

discretionally1655

ad arbitrium1663

voluntarily1676

discretionarily1681

antecedently1682

discretionary?1707

ad lib1791

at one's own sweet will1802

at choice1817

at no allowance1858

1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 116 Sufferance to liue ad libitum, and without any Martiall gouernment.

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. vi. 58 These may be contrived in Parallelograms, Squares, Circles..compassed and tricked ad libitum.

1671 J. Locke Ess.: Draft B (1931) §70. 139 Imperfect ideas, and consequently words, ad libitum by every particular man made use of for signs of those ideas.

?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. i. 14 Afterwards comes another King,..and quite contrary disannuls, ad libitum, the Acts of Uniformity and Conformity.

1756 Gentleman's Mag. July 360/2 I..ordered her a julep,..to be taken ad libitum.

1826 N. Amer. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 2 104 An infusion of dandelion, or some other popular diuretic, may be taken ad libitum.

1857 C. Thaxter Let. 18 Jan. (1895) 8 Do give my very best budget of regards and remembrances and love to John, and kisses, ad libitum, to the children.

1920 Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therapeutics 16 347 A definite quantity of freshly mixed food was given the individual animals and throughout the day they ate ad libitum.

2005 Loot 13 Dec. (Liverpool ed.) 59/1 (advt.) Dine in style..with a Gala Buffet Dinner, including wine ad libitum, coffee and liqueur.

2. Music. = ad lib adv. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adverb] > adding or varying at will

ad libitum1724

ad lib1769

1724 Short Explic. Foreign Words Musick Bks. 7 Ad libitum, if you will or if you please.

1769 Public Advertiser 21 Jan. (advt.) Six Sonatas for the Harpsichord, or Piano and Forte, with an Accompanyment for a Violin and a Violoncello ad Libitum... Composed by Mr. John Chalon.

1845 J. F. Warner Lessons in Music 200 Sometimes the movement is expressly committed to the taste of the performer by placing the term ad libitum..over the passage.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 659 Love's Old Sweet Song..open at the last page with the final indications ad libitum, forte, [etc.].

1989 Independent (Nexis) 13 May 33 Passages where the beat is suspended and performers are instructed to play ad libitum.

B. n.

Music. A passage performed, or intended to be performed, ad libitum. Cf. ad lib n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > passage executed in specific way

concerto grosso1724

legatoa1757

ad libitum1759

larghetto1760

moderato1762

bravura1787

pomposo1807

tutti1816

spiritoso1829

alla capella1859

alla marcia1860

passage work1865

retrogression1869

largamente1878

religioso1888

grandioso1914

animato1924

pesante1932

precipitato1955

1759 Monthly Rev. Jan. 86 The greatest part, if not the whole, seems to be nothing else, but what is generally called in musick an ad Libitum.

1783 Morning Chron. 10 Nov. In her ad libitums Miss George was not so successful as could be wished.

1853 N. D. Gould Church Music in Amer. 153 The intricate and rapid ad libitums of the voice, of splendid singers, which might please and amuse in a theatre, would be very inappropriate..in the church.

1897 Music May 94 To my soloists I have given roulades, ad libitums, etc., on one syllable, at the very moments in the drama where a climax is expected.

2002 Music Mag. (Nexis) 1 Oct. 79 There is a particularly regrettable ad libitum in the da capo of ‘The raptured soul’ from Theodora.

C. adj.

= ad lib adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [adjective] > style of performing

ad libitum1786

extempore1795

ad lib1825

improvisational1871

magadized1901

jazzed1917

jazzified1920

stomping1927

in the (or a) groove1932

stodgy1934

groovy1937

swinging1955

riffing1960

Muzaked1962

funkified1974

noodly1981

widdly1984

scratch-mix1987

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at cited word) We speak of an Ad Libitum pause; or, an Ad Libitum cadenza.

1794 Freemason's Mag. Dec. 433 He has bequeathed [the cottage] to the Theatrical Fund, with an ad libitum proviso to the following purport.

1823 Harmonicon June 83/1 Clementi has arranged for the piano-forte, with ad libitum accompaniments, many of the best symphonies of Haydn and Mozart.

1890 Med. Age 25 Feb. 78/2 The wonderful cures that had been experienced..by an ad libitum and ignorant use of the waters.

1900 Musical Times 41 318/1 An ad libitum pianoforte accompaniment increases the effectiveness and richness of the harmonic scheme.

1978 Wildlife Soc. Bull. 6 88/1 Captive deer commonly decrease their food consumption during the winter months even though an ad libitum amount of good quality food is made available.

2006 T. Herbert Trombone ii. 39 It is certain that glissando was used much earlier in popular music, probably as an ad libitum effect.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ad libitum
释义	ad libitumadv.n.adj. Brit. /ˌad ˈlɪbᵻtəm/, U.S. /ˌæd ˈlɪbədəm/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ad libitum. Etymology: < post-classical Latin ad libitum (5th cent.) < classical Latin ad (see ad- prefix) + classical Latin or post-classical Latin libitum pleasure, either use as noun of neuter of past participle of classical Latin libet it pleases (see libitude n.), or accusative of libitus (u-stem noun) < libit-, past participial stem of libet + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns.Parallel phrases using the corresponding plural are attested for both Latin forms: classical Latin ad libita (showing the plural of libitum), post-classical Latin ad libitus (5th cent., showing the plural of libitus). A. adv. At one's pleasure or discretion; at will, as one pleases. 1. = ad lib adv. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb] to one's willOE by one's willOE self-willesOE after a person's willOE a-willc1275 at willc1300 at one's (own) liberty1426 ad placituma1556 at pleasure1579 ad libitum1606 arbitrarilya1626 arbitrariously1653 discretionally1655 ad arbitrium1663 voluntarily1676 discretionarily1681 antecedently1682 discretionary?1707 ad lib1791 at one's own sweet will1802 at choice1817 at no allowance1858 1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 116 Sufferance to liue ad libitum, and without any Martiall gouernment. 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. vi. 58 These may be contrived in Parallelograms, Squares, Circles..compassed and tricked ad libitum. 1671 J. Locke Ess.: Draft B (1931) §70. 139 Imperfect ideas, and consequently words, ad libitum by every particular man made use of for signs of those ideas. ?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. i. 14 Afterwards comes another King,..and quite contrary disannuls, ad libitum, the Acts of Uniformity and Conformity. 1756 Gentleman's Mag. July 360/2 I..ordered her a julep,..to be taken ad libitum. 1826 N. Amer. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 2 104 An infusion of dandelion, or some other popular diuretic, may be taken ad libitum. 1857 C. Thaxter Let. 18 Jan. (1895) 8 Do give my very best budget of regards and remembrances and love to John, and kisses, ad libitum, to the children. 1920 Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therapeutics 16 347 A definite quantity of freshly mixed food was given the individual animals and throughout the day they ate ad libitum. 2005 Loot 13 Dec. (Liverpool ed.) 59/1 (advt.) Dine in style..with a Gala Buffet Dinner, including wine ad libitum, coffee and liqueur. 2. Music. = ad lib adv. 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adverb] > adding or varying at will ad libitum1724 ad lib1769 1724 Short Explic. Foreign Words Musick Bks. 7 Ad libitum, if you will or if you please. 1769 Public Advertiser 21 Jan. (advt.) Six Sonatas for the Harpsichord, or Piano and Forte, with an Accompanyment for a Violin and a Violoncello ad Libitum... Composed by Mr. John Chalon. 1845 J. F. Warner Lessons in Music 200 Sometimes the movement is expressly committed to the taste of the performer by placing the term ad libitum..over the passage. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 659 Love's Old Sweet Song..open at the last page with the final indications ad libitum, forte, [etc.]. 1989 Independent (Nexis) 13 May 33 Passages where the beat is suspended and performers are instructed to play ad libitum. B. n. Music. A passage performed, or intended to be performed, ad libitum. Cf. ad lib n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > passage executed in specific way concerto grosso1724 legatoa1757 ad libitum1759 larghetto1760 moderato1762 bravura1787 pomposo1807 tutti1816 spiritoso1829 alla capella1859 alla marcia1860 passage work1865 retrogression1869 largamente1878 religioso1888 grandioso1914 animato1924 pesante1932 precipitato1955 1759 Monthly Rev. Jan. 86 The greatest part, if not the whole, seems to be nothing else, but what is generally called in musick an ad Libitum. 1783 Morning Chron. 10 Nov. In her ad libitums Miss George was not so successful as could be wished. 1853 N. D. Gould Church Music in Amer. 153 The intricate and rapid ad libitums of the voice, of splendid singers, which might please and amuse in a theatre, would be very inappropriate..in the church. 1897 Music May 94 To my soloists I have given roulades, ad libitums, etc., on one syllable, at the very moments in the drama where a climax is expected. 2002 Music Mag. (Nexis) 1 Oct. 79 There is a particularly regrettable ad libitum in the da capo of ‘The raptured soul’ from Theodora. C. adj. = ad lib adj. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [adjective] > style of performing ad libitum1786 extempore1795 ad lib1825 improvisational1871 magadized1901 jazzed1917 jazzified1920 stomping1927 in the (or a) groove1932 stodgy1934 groovy1937 swinging1955 riffing1960 Muzaked1962 funkified1974 noodly1981 widdly1984 scratch-mix1987 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at cited word) We speak of an Ad Libitum pause; or, an Ad Libitum cadenza. 1794 Freemason's Mag. Dec. 433 He has bequeathed [the cottage] to the Theatrical Fund, with an ad libitum proviso to the following purport. 1823 Harmonicon June 83/1 Clementi has arranged for the piano-forte, with ad libitum accompaniments, many of the best symphonies of Haydn and Mozart. 1890 Med. Age 25 Feb. 78/2 The wonderful cures that had been experienced..by an ad libitum and ignorant use of the waters. 1900 Musical Times 41 318/1 An ad libitum pianoforte accompaniment increases the effectiveness and richness of the harmonic scheme. 1978 Wildlife Soc. Bull. 6 88/1 Captive deer commonly decrease their food consumption during the winter months even though an ad libitum amount of good quality food is made available. 2006 T. Herbert Trombone ii. 39 It is certain that glissando was used much earlier in popular music, probably as an ad libitum effect. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.n.adj.1606
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