英语词汇“from the bottom up”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

Phrases

P1. from the bottom of one's heart and variants: from the depths of the emotions; sincerely. Similarly in the bottom of one's heart, to the bottom of one's heart. Cf. sense A. 19.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > intense emotion > [adverb]

deepa1000

inwardlya1000

inlyOE

mortallyc1390

deeplya1400

keena1400

keenlya1400

from the bottom of one's hearta1413

from (also fro) one's heart1477

profoundly1489

from the spleen?a1505

sensibly1577

with sense1578

smartlyc1580

soakingly1593

dearly1604

intimately1637

viscerally1637

exquisitely1678

sensitively1793

exaltedly1855

intensely1860

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 297 In his hertes botme gan to stiken Of here his fixe and depe impressioun.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxj Yf one of the parties..be content to forgeue from the botome of his harte, all that the other hath trespaced against hym.

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1619) 146/2 I loue thee from the bottome of my stomacke.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvii. 296 From the bottom of my heart I confesse with S. Paul, Minimus sum.

1683 in T. Pierce Vindic. King's Sovereign Rights App. 90 I will be ever his Vindicator in the bottom of my Heart.

1770 I. Bickerstaff 'Tis Well it's no Worse v. i. 104 Musk:. And, lastly, my dear master, I wish you joy, from the bottom of my heart.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 102 He wished, from the bottom of his heart, that he had a thousand.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 169 Worthless men..to the very bottom of whose hearts he saw.

1932 Washington Post 18 Dec. (Mag. section) 6/1 Everybody down in the bottom of his heart loves Christmas.

1948 Official Detective Stories May 43/2 Now I have told the truth from the bottom of my heart and my conscience is clear.

1998 C. Channer Waiting in Vain (1999) xiv. 296 Sylvia, I apologize to you from the bottom of my heart for all these punk-ass negroes who work here.

P2.

a. to search (also examine, etc.) (to) the bottom: to examine thoroughly, to find out the real character of. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere i. p. xvii He sayth hym selfe that the spirytualles do serche the botome of goddes commaundementes and fulfyll them gladly.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 391 There is nothing in man which..God..searcheth not vnto the bottome.

1651 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 94. 1446 The examination of that business to the bottom.

1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 77 What shrinking and drawing back, when the wound commeth to be searcht? And yet searcht it must be, and probed to the bottome; or there will be no perfect recovery.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 413 If this matter was examined to the bottom.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. vii. 170 We will search to the bottom this mystery of iniquity.

1990 R. Maas in R. Maas & G. O'Donnell Spiritual Trad. for Contemp. Church x. 314 To ensure that each heart was searched to the bottom, Wesley devised a set of questions for eliciting a truthful account of spiritual progress.

b. to be at the bottom of and variants: to underlie, to be the hidden source, cause, or originator of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > originate or be a source of [verb (transitive)]

sow971

mothera1425

author1598

origin1640

to be at the bottom of1650

principle1650

originate1653

inchoate1654

originize1657

1650 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 38. 551 The establishing of Popery, and the Catholique Cause, which is that indeed which hath laine at the bottome of all their acting.

1680 J. Butler Ἁγιαστρολογία Pref. sig. c4^v The whole mat—[i.e. matter] is carried on by a good or ill Luck, and the hand of God is at bottom of that.

1683 J. Butler God's Judgements upon Regicides 24 The Scotish Rebels who were at bottom of all our Woe..have in some measure been whipt for so doing.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 43. ⁋5 We are by no means yet sure, that some People are not at the Bottom on't.

1714 F. Hare Diffic. & Discouragements 22 The devil is at the bottom of all you have been doing.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 387 The Jesuits were at the bottom of the scheme.

1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law vi. 349 That which is really at the bottom of all this ambiguity of language.

1942 C. Headlam Diary 30 July in S. Ball Parl. & Politics in Age Churchill & Attlee (1999) ix. 329 There is a great deal of caballing going on—Beaverbrook is supposed to be at the bottom of it all.

1995 Independent 14 Feb. 14/5 Your leading article..suggests middle-class attitudes of prissiness, prejudice and irrational fear to be at the bottom of it all.

2003 E. Hay Garbo Laughs xxxiii. 297 So this was at the bottom of it all: Leah had been waiting for them to offer her a home.

c. at (the) bottom: in reality; essentially, basically. Formerly also † in the bottom.

ΚΠ

1668 H. More Divine Dialogues: Two Last Dial. v. xxvi. 388 If that be at the bottom,..their well-meaning is commendable.

1683 Apol. Protestants France vi. 88 The Clergy in the bottom judges that the Pope has Right to lay an Ecclesiastical Censure upon the Kingdom of France.

?1692 Ad Populum Phaleræ ii. 10 The last of those pretended Cheats and Shams, Doth, [by the Church,] at bottom mean King James.

1720 J. Ozell tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic III. xiv. 325 Antony, at the Bottom, very indifferent about this Revenge, pretended to be in earnest.

1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. i. 8 Every body was sure there was some reason for it at bottom.

1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 75 With whomsoever we play the deceiver and flatterer, him at the bottom we despise.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxiii. 215 He's a good pony at bottom.

1873 J. Morley Rousseau II. 171 It is bad, because it is at bottom, a superstition.

1926 A. L. Rowse Diary ?15 Mar. (2003) 13 Not that the old things really take these customs any more seriously than I do, at bottom; but it is curious to behold the mummery with which mediocrity surrounds itself.

1939 N.Y. Times 13 Aug. xi. 11/1 War scares and armament activity leading generally to rising costs, which, at the bottom, is the basic reason.

1979 P. Larkin Required Writing (1983) 81 At bottom poetry, like all art, is inextricably bound up with giving pleasure.

2015 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 82 440 The panel offered numerous answers but, at bottom, it had two basic objections.

d. to get to (also at) the bottom of: to investigate fully and explain; to find out the truth about.

ΚΠ

1683 Tryals T. Walcot, W. Hone, Ld. Russell, J. Rous & W. Blagg for High-treason 71 To get to the bottom of that design that so his Majesty might come to no damage.

1701 Reflexions upon Mr. Toland's Bk. (ed. 2) 8 If my Reason tells me plainly that I cannot get to the Bottom of it, that the Matter is out of my Reach, it must leave it to be determin'd another way.

1773 Ld. Monboddo Orig. & Progress of Lang. (1774) I. i. iv. 42 In order to get at the bottom of this question.

?1834 C. Brontë Leaf from Unpublished Vol. (1986) v. 60 Put them to the question in the first place... I'll get to the bottom of this business or dislocate every joint in their bodies.

1887 Academy Oct. 300 We might go on showing how surface grammar and surface teaching systematically prevent the learner from getting at the bottom of things, from getting at the truth.

1931 A. Christie Sittaford Myst. xxviii. 222 ‘I'm not going to give it up,’ said Emily. ‘By hook or by crook I'm going to get to the bottom of it.’

1965 Pittsburgh Courier 17 Apr. 2 The Commission is determined to get at the bottom of this matter.

1991 J. Galloway Scenes from Life No. 24 in Blood (1992) 95 I didn't seem to be able to get to the bottom of what he was saying. I couldn't work out a meaning.

2014 Times 10 Oct. (Arts on Friday section) 17/2 Can the hastily reassembled dream team get to the bottom of whodunnit?

P3. to stand on one's own bottom: to act for oneself, be independent, now esp. financially. Cf. sense A. 23b and every tub must (or let every tub) stand on its own bottom at tub n.¹ 9c, to stand on (also upon) one's own (two) feet at foot n. and int. Phrases 2a(e). Now chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > be independent [verb (intransitive)]

to have one's own rulea1393

to be one's own man (also woman, person)a1425

to be one's own master?1510

to stand on one's own bottom1564

to sit loose1591

independa1657

to paddle one's own canoe1828

to go it alone1842

to run one's own show1892

to go one's (own) gait1922

1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 48^v Let euery Fatte stand vpon his owne bottome.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 97 Hee had used also before, to stand upon his owne bothom.

1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. ix. 45 Man, though he..stand upon his own bottome, yet [is] he not a little wrought upon by examples.

1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 106 Everyone endeavours to stand on their own bottom.

1744 Plain Reasoner 7 It is a generally received Notion, that England can stand upon her own Bottom, without Regard to Alliances with any other Power on Earth.

1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic vi. §1. 129 When reason acquires such strength as to stand on its own bottom.

1841 R. Cobden Let. 23 Aug. (2007) I. 229 It is fallacious to make the question of short hours a part of the corn law question—Let the ten hours bill stand on its own bottom, & the bread tax stand alone also.

1878 Boston Daily Globe 9 Apr. If a church could not stand on its own bottom it should go down.

1923 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 24 May 1/3 Every governmental unit must be..capable of standing on its own bottom and managing its affairs as may best serve the public welfare.

1960 New Mexican (Santa Fe, New Mexico) 16 Feb. 2/4 McElfresh replied that the company's New Mexico enterprise ‘must stand on its own bottom’.

2005 Daily Herald (Chicago) 21 Sept. iv. 2/1 Every one of our companies has to stand on its own bottom.

P4. to have no bottom and variants: (of a quality, resource, process, etc.) to be inexhaustible or endless.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] > be inexhaustible

to have no bottom1567

1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. vi. 736 Ambition, and Auarice haue no bottome.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) ii. 63 Forgetting..the vicissitude of good and evil, they apprehend no bottom in felicity.

1760 P. Baker Sundays kept Holy 66 As thy Riches have no Bottom, thy Liberality has no End.

1877 Nation 8 Feb. 83/2 There is no end to ‘public improvements’, and, in the eyes of jobbers and promoters, no bottom to the Treasury.

1938 Times of India 1 Nov. 6/5 Hindi-Urdu controversy has no bottom.

2015 D. Gottlieb Educ. Reform & Concept Good Teaching vii. 188 There simply is no bottom to the charter school debate.

P5. from the bottom up (also upwards).Cf. bottom-up adv.² and adj.

a. Starting at the base or lower end and proceeding upwards.

ΚΠ

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxv. § vi .608 The Pyramis hath his name from the shape, in that it resembleth a flame of fire, growing from the bottome vpwards, narrower and narrower to the toppe.

1791 Mass. Mag. Aug. 493/2 The outer bark of the tree was peeled off, and the inner was raised from the bottom upwards.

1877 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 6 35 [The ants] built not only from the bottom up, but from the side across.

1921 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 29 589 Two or three weeks after cultivation, milk begins to coagulate from the bottom up.

1970 Q. Rev. Biol. 45 242/1 As the solids are more dense than the liquids, such ‘oceans’ would freeze from the bottom up.

2011 C. Heimowitz New Atkins for New you Cookbk. iv. 50 Roll lettuce from the bottom up.

b. From the lowest to the highest position in a hierarchy, etc.

ΚΠ

1815 R. Gourlay Right to Church Prop. Secured 21 No nation will improve but from the bottom upwards.

1882 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. 5/5 The heirs of the victims will begin the struggle for life from the bottom up.

1920 H. Crane Let. 24 Feb. (1965) 33 It's the old bunko stuff about ‘working from the bottom up’.

1991 Outrage Feb. 36 There's been a trend in the last five or ten years towards a ‘people's history’,..history written from the bottom up, about ordinary people.

2007 S. Dunne Reaper (2009) xxix. 449 After university we were supposed to work at the plant and learn the ropes from the bottom up.

c. From the simplest or most basic elements to the most complex.

ΚΠ

1884 Art Amateur Mar. 88/3 Fichel's work is built from the bottom up.

1934 N. Amer. Rev. Aug. 142/2 The foreign trade upon which our agriculture was so largely dependent must be rebuilt from the bottom up.

1983 K. Dryden Game 122 Playing a new frill-less but still combative style, the Bruins have become a team built from the bottom up.

2014 New Scientist 7 June 5/3 The basic concept is to build foods from the bottom up using basic chemical compounds.

P6. the bottom falls (also drops) out of: there is a collapse of.Cf. to knock the bottom out of at knock v. 6b.Now esp. with reference to the market for a commodity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > unsuccessful [phrase] > failure of an action or design

(all) the fat is in the fire1546

the bottom falls out of1637

1637 S. Rutherford Let. 9 Sept. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 144 The bottom hath fallen out of both their wit & conscience at once.

a1754 E. Erskine Coll. Serm. (1755) 71 The bottom falls out of the devil's kingdom.

1868 14th Ann. Rep. Iowa State Agric. Soc. 1867 64 The bottom has at length dropped out of this humbug.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lviii. 420 Gould and Curry soared to six thousand three hundred dollars a foot! And then—all of a sudden, out went the bottom and everything..went to ruin and destruction!

1926 E. M. Dell Black Knight i. x ‘I try to take things as they come.’.. ‘And when the bottom falls out of everything—what do you do then?’

1957 M. Banton West Afr. City vi. 103 In the 1930s the bottom fell out of the market in ginger and coffee.

2002 W. Woodruff Road to Nab End (2003) 41 In good times, before the bottom dropped out of Lancashire textiles in the early 1920's, that is where our money went.

P7. to touch (also hit, reach) bottom: to reach the lowest or worst point; cf. to reach (also hit) rock bottom at rock-bottom n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] > reach minimum level or point

to touch bottom1886

minimize1973

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Apr. 11/2 I do not believe we have touched bottom; I believe the reduction will go on.

1929 A. L. Rowse Diary 28 Sept. (2003) 55 His brother has reached bottom; disillusioned has given up any occupation and gone to live in a peasant's hut in Bavaria.

1934 Helena (Montana) Independent 11 Jan. 7/6 When a team hits bottom it usually bounces back.

1956 S. Selvon Lonely Londoners 38 Even when you go to draw a little national assistance it don't be so bad, because when you reach that stage is because you touch bottom. But in the world today, a job is all the security a man have.

1992 Economist 18 Apr. 106/3 When the stockmarket finally touches bottom..buying a warrant fund could prove a good way to bet on its recovery.

2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 10 Feb. 39/2 The maxim that an addict has to be ‘ready’ for treatment, that he has to ‘hit bottom’.

P8. In various phrases, as bottom of the heap, bottom of the pile, bottom of the ladder, etc., denoting the lowest position or level within society, an organization, etc., or a person or thing occupying this position.Cf. in the bottom of the bag at bag n. 18a, to scrape the bottom of the barrel at scrape v. 5d.

ΚΠ

1839 Yale Lit. Messenger Feb. 192 It is in low life—at the bottom of the heap—that you meet with the standard of greatness.

1848 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 11 Mar. 6/6 Every member of the human race, whether he be born at the top or the bottom of the social ladder.

1860 Scioto (Ohio) Gaz. 16 Oct. Those who are at the bottom of the pile of Society in one generation, may become the top stocks of the heap in the next.

1939 W. Hobson Amer. Jazz Music (1940) 173 At the bottom of the economic pile are those musicians who have nothing which could accurately be called a job.

1964 Boston Globe 22 Mar. a3/3 They [sc. unemployed men] are the bottom of the heap and they seem to require a completely fresh opportunity.

1970 Guardian 13 Feb. 7/8 Few building workers were eligible for redundancy payments... They were ‘the bottom of the pile’.

2007 V. Smith Clean viii. 225 But life was still harsh, brutal, and short if you were born at the bottom of the heap.

P9. Originally and chiefly U.S. one's bottom dollar: one's last dollar, esp. in to bet one's bottom dollar, expressing certainty or assurance that something is the case or will happen.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [phrase] > one's last dollar

bottom dollar1856

1856 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Independent Republican 10 Sept. 1/7 ‘Well, darn your picture,’ said he, ‘if I ain't awful glad to see you. I'm goin' to vote for you—you can bet your bottom dollar on that! You made a furst-rate President, and I know you'll do for Governor!’

1857 San Francisco Call 24 Jan. 4/1 Sometimes, however, luck will run against him, and..he ‘slips up for his bottom dollar’.

1866 Congress. Globe Mar. 1474/1 His opinion is that a State can go out of the Union and he is willing to bet his bottom dollar on his judgment.

1904 W. N. Harben Georgians v. 43 You bet yore bottom dollar I'm open to criticism myself.

1958 Dissent 5 i. 80 And I'd bet my bottom dollar that Negro hipsters, among themselves, often put down the whites.

2005 Trav. Afr. Autumn 32/2 I would have bet my bottom dollar that on the other side of the frontline..the rebels were drinking their fair share of the same beer.

P10. bottoms up!: used as a call or toast to drain one's glass to the last drop, used to express friendly feelings towards one's companions before drinking. Cf. bottomer n. 3. Also used adverbially.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking salutations [interjection]

rivoa1593

my service to you1637

tope1651

three times three1683

hob or nob1756

bottoms up!1858

chin chin1888

here's hoping, how, looking (at you), luck1896

down the hatch1918

cheerio1919

cheero1919

(here's) mud in your eye1927

cheers1930

lechayim1932

salut1933

salud1938

1858 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 25 Oct. Mons. Godard drank ‘bottoms up’, and his companion followed suit.

1877 J. Habberton Some Folks 51 Here's to the Cap'en's mark, a ‘dead sure thing’. Bottoms up!

1928 Vanity Fair Dec. 79 Bottoms up to Vanity Fair!

1933 S. Kingsley Men in White i. iii. 48 Come on! Bottoms up! She smiles back at him, and drains the glass.

1934 J. O'Hara Appointment in Samarra (1935) iv. 119 The old priest..drank his highball almost bottoms up.

1964 L. Nkosi Rhythm of Violence 51 I say bottoms up both to women and to glasses! [He raises his glass.]

2004 Independent 30 Dec. (Review section) 15/4 Hangover cocktails... Bullshot. Not for the faint-hearted, and designed to be downed in one... Pour all ingredients into a small glass, stir well, then bottoms up.

P11. North American (originally and chiefly Broadcasting). the bottom of the hour: (with reference to the position of the hands on a clock) the time at or around thirty minutes past the hour. Cf. top of the hour n. at top n.¹ and adj. Phrases 5b.

ΚΠ

1968 Billboard 24 Feb. 22/4 Young r&b outlet WGRT..plays continuous music over the ‘top’ and across the ‘bottom’ of the hour to snag news dodging dial switchers.

1970 Daily Messenger (Canandaigua, N.Y.) 2 Jan. 6/1 Headlines at the top of the hour..followed by local news briefs at the bottom of the hour.

1995 Maclean's 17 Apr. 21/1 Mansbridge..took over the hard news while Wallin was moved to Prime Time Magazine at the bottom of the hour.

2011 S. Gummer Parents behaving Badly (2012) 78 Just after the top or the bottom of the hour when a new episode had started on the Disney Channel or Nickelodeon.

单词	from the bottom up
释义	> as lemmas from the bottom up (also upwards) Phrases P1. from the bottom of one's heart and variants: from the depths of the emotions; sincerely. Similarly in the bottom of one's heart, to the bottom of one's heart. Cf. sense A. 19. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > intense emotion > [adverb] deepa1000 inwardlya1000 inlyOE mortallyc1390 deeplya1400 keena1400 keenlya1400 from the bottom of one's hearta1413 from (also fro) one's heart1477 profoundly1489 from the spleen?a1505 sensibly1577 with sense1578 smartlyc1580 soakingly1593 dearly1604 intimately1637 viscerally1637 exquisitely1678 sensitively1793 exaltedly1855 intensely1860 a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 297 In his hertes botme gan to stiken Of here his fixe and depe impressioun. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxj Yf one of the parties..be content to forgeue from the botome of his harte, all that the other hath trespaced against hym. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1619) 146/2 I loue thee from the bottome of my stomacke. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvii. 296 From the bottom of my heart I confesse with S. Paul, Minimus sum. 1683 in T. Pierce Vindic. King's Sovereign Rights App. 90 I will be ever his Vindicator in the bottom of my Heart. 1770 I. Bickerstaff 'Tis Well it's no Worse v. i. 104 Musk:. And, lastly, my dear master, I wish you joy, from the bottom of my heart. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 102 He wished, from the bottom of his heart, that he had a thousand. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 169 Worthless men..to the very bottom of whose hearts he saw. 1932 Washington Post 18 Dec. (Mag. section) 6/1 Everybody down in the bottom of his heart loves Christmas. 1948 Official Detective Stories May 43/2 Now I have told the truth from the bottom of my heart and my conscience is clear. 1998 C. Channer Waiting in Vain (1999) xiv. 296 Sylvia, I apologize to you from the bottom of my heart for all these punk-ass negroes who work here. P2. a. to search (also examine, etc.) (to) the bottom: to examine thoroughly, to find out the real character of. Now rare. ΚΠ 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere i. p. xvii He sayth hym selfe that the spirytualles do serche the botome of goddes commaundementes and fulfyll them gladly. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 391 There is nothing in man which..God..searcheth not vnto the bottome. 1651 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 94. 1446 The examination of that business to the bottom. 1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 77 What shrinking and drawing back, when the wound commeth to be searcht? And yet searcht it must be, and probed to the bottome; or there will be no perfect recovery. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 413 If this matter was examined to the bottom. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. vii. 170 We will search to the bottom this mystery of iniquity. 1990 R. Maas in R. Maas & G. O'Donnell Spiritual Trad. for Contemp. Church x. 314 To ensure that each heart was searched to the bottom, Wesley devised a set of questions for eliciting a truthful account of spiritual progress. b. to be at the bottom of and variants: to underlie, to be the hidden source, cause, or originator of. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > originate or be a source of [verb (transitive)] sow971 mothera1425 author1598 origin1640 to be at the bottom of1650 principle1650 originate1653 inchoate1654 originize1657 1650 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 38. 551 The establishing of Popery, and the Catholique Cause, which is that indeed which hath laine at the bottome of all their acting. 1680 J. Butler Ἁγιαστρολογία Pref. sig. c4^v The whole mat—[i.e. matter] is carried on by a good or ill Luck, and the hand of God is at bottom of that. 1683 J. Butler God's Judgements upon Regicides 24 The Scotish Rebels who were at bottom of all our Woe..have in some measure been whipt for so doing. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 43. ⁋5 We are by no means yet sure, that some People are not at the Bottom on't. 1714 F. Hare Diffic. & Discouragements 22 The devil is at the bottom of all you have been doing. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 387 The Jesuits were at the bottom of the scheme. 1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law vi. 349 That which is really at the bottom of all this ambiguity of language. 1942 C. Headlam Diary 30 July in S. Ball Parl. & Politics in Age Churchill & Attlee (1999) ix. 329 There is a great deal of caballing going on—Beaverbrook is supposed to be at the bottom of it all. 1995 Independent 14 Feb. 14/5 Your leading article..suggests middle-class attitudes of prissiness, prejudice and irrational fear to be at the bottom of it all. 2003 E. Hay Garbo Laughs xxxiii. 297 So this was at the bottom of it all: Leah had been waiting for them to offer her a home. c. at (the) bottom: in reality; essentially, basically. Formerly also † in the bottom. ΚΠ 1668 H. More Divine Dialogues: Two Last Dial. v. xxvi. 388 If that be at the bottom,..their well-meaning is commendable. 1683 Apol. Protestants France vi. 88 The Clergy in the bottom judges that the Pope has Right to lay an Ecclesiastical Censure upon the Kingdom of France. ?1692 Ad Populum Phaleræ ii. 10 The last of those pretended Cheats and Shams, Doth, [by the Church,] at bottom mean King James. 1720 J. Ozell tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic III. xiv. 325 Antony, at the Bottom, very indifferent about this Revenge, pretended to be in earnest. 1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. i. 8 Every body was sure there was some reason for it at bottom. 1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 75 With whomsoever we play the deceiver and flatterer, him at the bottom we despise. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxiii. 215 He's a good pony at bottom. 1873 J. Morley Rousseau II. 171 It is bad, because it is at bottom, a superstition. 1926 A. L. Rowse Diary ?15 Mar. (2003) 13 Not that the old things really take these customs any more seriously than I do, at bottom; but it is curious to behold the mummery with which mediocrity surrounds itself. 1939 N.Y. Times 13 Aug. xi. 11/1 War scares and armament activity leading generally to rising costs, which, at the bottom, is the basic reason. 1979 P. Larkin Required Writing (1983) 81 At bottom poetry, like all art, is inextricably bound up with giving pleasure. 2015 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 82 440 The panel offered numerous answers but, at bottom, it had two basic objections. d. to get to (also at) the bottom of: to investigate fully and explain; to find out the truth about. ΚΠ 1683 Tryals T. Walcot, W. Hone, Ld. Russell, J. Rous & W. Blagg for High-treason 71 To get to the bottom of that design that so his Majesty might come to no damage. 1701 Reflexions upon Mr. Toland's Bk. (ed. 2) 8 If my Reason tells me plainly that I cannot get to the Bottom of it, that the Matter is out of my Reach, it must leave it to be determin'd another way. 1773 Ld. Monboddo Orig. & Progress of Lang. (1774) I. i. iv. 42 In order to get at the bottom of this question. ?1834 C. Brontë Leaf from Unpublished Vol. (1986) v. 60 Put them to the question in the first place... I'll get to the bottom of this business or dislocate every joint in their bodies. 1887 Academy Oct. 300 We might go on showing how surface grammar and surface teaching systematically prevent the learner from getting at the bottom of things, from getting at the truth. 1931 A. Christie Sittaford Myst. xxviii. 222 ‘I'm not going to give it up,’ said Emily. ‘By hook or by crook I'm going to get to the bottom of it.’ 1965 Pittsburgh Courier 17 Apr. 2 The Commission is determined to get at the bottom of this matter. 1991 J. Galloway Scenes from Life No. 24 in Blood (1992) 95 I didn't seem to be able to get to the bottom of what he was saying. I couldn't work out a meaning. 2014 Times 10 Oct. (Arts on Friday section) 17/2 Can the hastily reassembled dream team get to the bottom of whodunnit? P3. to stand on one's own bottom: to act for oneself, be independent, now esp. financially. Cf. sense A. 23b and every tub must (or let every tub) stand on its own bottom at tub n.¹ 9c, to stand on (also upon) one's own (two) feet at foot n. and int. Phrases 2a(e). Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > be independent [verb (intransitive)] to have one's own rulea1393 to be one's own man (also woman, person)a1425 to be one's own master?1510 to stand on one's own bottom1564 to sit loose1591 independa1657 to paddle one's own canoe1828 to go it alone1842 to run one's own show1892 to go one's (own) gait1922 1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 48^v Let euery Fatte stand vpon his owne bottome. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 97 Hee had used also before, to stand upon his owne bothom. 1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. ix. 45 Man, though he..stand upon his own bottome, yet [is] he not a little wrought upon by examples. 1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 106 Everyone endeavours to stand on their own bottom. 1744 Plain Reasoner 7 It is a generally received Notion, that England can stand upon her own Bottom, without Regard to Alliances with any other Power on Earth. 1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic vi. §1. 129 When reason acquires such strength as to stand on its own bottom. 1841 R. Cobden Let. 23 Aug. (2007) I. 229 It is fallacious to make the question of short hours a part of the corn law question—Let the ten hours bill stand on its own bottom, & the bread tax stand alone also. 1878 Boston Daily Globe 9 Apr. If a church could not stand on its own bottom it should go down. 1923 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 24 May 1/3 Every governmental unit must be..capable of standing on its own bottom and managing its affairs as may best serve the public welfare. 1960 New Mexican (Santa Fe, New Mexico) 16 Feb. 2/4 McElfresh replied that the company's New Mexico enterprise ‘must stand on its own bottom’. 2005 Daily Herald (Chicago) 21 Sept. iv. 2/1 Every one of our companies has to stand on its own bottom. P4. to have no bottom and variants: (of a quality, resource, process, etc.) to be inexhaustible or endless. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] > be inexhaustible to have no bottom1567 1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. vi. 736 Ambition, and Auarice haue no bottome. a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) ii. 63 Forgetting..the vicissitude of good and evil, they apprehend no bottom in felicity. 1760 P. Baker Sundays kept Holy 66 As thy Riches have no Bottom, thy Liberality has no End. 1877 Nation 8 Feb. 83/2 There is no end to ‘public improvements’, and, in the eyes of jobbers and promoters, no bottom to the Treasury. 1938 Times of India 1 Nov. 6/5 Hindi-Urdu controversy has no bottom. 2015 D. Gottlieb Educ. Reform & Concept Good Teaching vii. 188 There simply is no bottom to the charter school debate. P5. from the bottom up (also upwards).Cf. bottom-up adv.² and adj. a. Starting at the base or lower end and proceeding upwards. ΚΠ 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxv. § vi .608 The Pyramis hath his name from the shape, in that it resembleth a flame of fire, growing from the bottome vpwards, narrower and narrower to the toppe. 1791 Mass. Mag. Aug. 493/2 The outer bark of the tree was peeled off, and the inner was raised from the bottom upwards. 1877 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 6 35 [The ants] built not only from the bottom up, but from the side across. 1921 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 29 589 Two or three weeks after cultivation, milk begins to coagulate from the bottom up. 1970 Q. Rev. Biol. 45 242/1 As the solids are more dense than the liquids, such ‘oceans’ would freeze from the bottom up. 2011 C. Heimowitz New Atkins for New you Cookbk. iv. 50 Roll lettuce from the bottom up. b. From the lowest to the highest position in a hierarchy, etc. ΚΠ 1815 R. Gourlay Right to Church Prop. Secured 21 No nation will improve but from the bottom upwards. 1882 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. 5/5 The heirs of the victims will begin the struggle for life from the bottom up. 1920 H. Crane Let. 24 Feb. (1965) 33 It's the old bunko stuff about ‘working from the bottom up’. 1991 Outrage Feb. 36 There's been a trend in the last five or ten years towards a ‘people's history’,..history written from the bottom up, about ordinary people. 2007 S. Dunne Reaper (2009) xxix. 449 After university we were supposed to work at the plant and learn the ropes from the bottom up. c. From the simplest or most basic elements to the most complex. ΚΠ 1884 Art Amateur Mar. 88/3 Fichel's work is built from the bottom up. 1934 N. Amer. Rev. Aug. 142/2 The foreign trade upon which our agriculture was so largely dependent must be rebuilt from the bottom up. 1983 K. Dryden Game 122 Playing a new frill-less but still combative style, the Bruins have become a team built from the bottom up. 2014 New Scientist 7 June 5/3 The basic concept is to build foods from the bottom up using basic chemical compounds. P6. the bottom falls (also drops) out of: there is a collapse of.Cf. to knock the bottom out of at knock v. 6b.Now esp. with reference to the market for a commodity. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > unsuccessful [phrase] > failure of an action or design (all) the fat is in the fire1546 the bottom falls out of1637 1637 S. Rutherford Let. 9 Sept. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 144 The bottom hath fallen out of both their wit & conscience at once. a1754 E. Erskine Coll. Serm. (1755) 71 The bottom falls out of the devil's kingdom. 1868 14th Ann. Rep. Iowa State Agric. Soc. 1867 64 The bottom has at length dropped out of this humbug. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lviii. 420 Gould and Curry soared to six thousand three hundred dollars a foot! And then—all of a sudden, out went the bottom and everything..went to ruin and destruction! 1926 E. M. Dell Black Knight i. x ‘I try to take things as they come.’.. ‘And when the bottom falls out of everything—what do you do then?’ 1957 M. Banton West Afr. City vi. 103 In the 1930s the bottom fell out of the market in ginger and coffee. 2002 W. Woodruff Road to Nab End (2003) 41 In good times, before the bottom dropped out of Lancashire textiles in the early 1920's, that is where our money went. P7. to touch (also hit, reach) bottom: to reach the lowest or worst point; cf. to reach (also hit) rock bottom at rock-bottom n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] > reach minimum level or point to touch bottom1886 minimize1973 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Apr. 11/2 I do not believe we have touched bottom; I believe the reduction will go on. 1929 A. L. Rowse Diary 28 Sept. (2003) 55 His brother has reached bottom; disillusioned has given up any occupation and gone to live in a peasant's hut in Bavaria. 1934 Helena (Montana) Independent 11 Jan. 7/6 When a team hits bottom it usually bounces back. 1956 S. Selvon Lonely Londoners 38 Even when you go to draw a little national assistance it don't be so bad, because when you reach that stage is because you touch bottom. But in the world today, a job is all the security a man have. 1992 Economist 18 Apr. 106/3 When the stockmarket finally touches bottom..buying a warrant fund could prove a good way to bet on its recovery. 2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 10 Feb. 39/2 The maxim that an addict has to be ‘ready’ for treatment, that he has to ‘hit bottom’. P8. In various phrases, as bottom of the heap, bottom of the pile, bottom of the ladder, etc., denoting the lowest position or level within society, an organization, etc., or a person or thing occupying this position.Cf. in the bottom of the bag at bag n. 18a, to scrape the bottom of the barrel at scrape v. 5d. ΚΠ 1839 Yale Lit. Messenger Feb. 192 It is in low life—at the bottom of the heap—that you meet with the standard of greatness. 1848 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 11 Mar. 6/6 Every member of the human race, whether he be born at the top or the bottom of the social ladder. 1860 Scioto (Ohio) Gaz. 16 Oct. Those who are at the bottom of the pile of Society in one generation, may become the top stocks of the heap in the next. 1939 W. Hobson Amer. Jazz Music (1940) 173 At the bottom of the economic pile are those musicians who have nothing which could accurately be called a job. 1964 Boston Globe 22 Mar. a3/3 They [sc. unemployed men] are the bottom of the heap and they seem to require a completely fresh opportunity. 1970 Guardian 13 Feb. 7/8 Few building workers were eligible for redundancy payments... They were ‘the bottom of the pile’. 2007 V. Smith Clean viii. 225 But life was still harsh, brutal, and short if you were born at the bottom of the heap. P9. Originally and chiefly U.S. one's bottom dollar: one's last dollar, esp. in to bet one's bottom dollar, expressing certainty or assurance that something is the case or will happen. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [phrase] > one's last dollar bottom dollar1856 1856 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Independent Republican 10 Sept. 1/7 ‘Well, darn your picture,’ said he, ‘if I ain't awful glad to see you. I'm goin' to vote for you—you can bet your bottom dollar on that! You made a furst-rate President, and I know you'll do for Governor!’ 1857 San Francisco Call 24 Jan. 4/1 Sometimes, however, luck will run against him, and..he ‘slips up for his bottom dollar’. 1866 Congress. Globe Mar. 1474/1 His opinion is that a State can go out of the Union and he is willing to bet his bottom dollar on his judgment. 1904 W. N. Harben Georgians v. 43 You bet yore bottom dollar I'm open to criticism myself. 1958 Dissent 5 i. 80 And I'd bet my bottom dollar that Negro hipsters, among themselves, often put down the whites. 2005 Trav. Afr. Autumn 32/2 I would have bet my bottom dollar that on the other side of the frontline..the rebels were drinking their fair share of the same beer. P10. bottoms up!: used as a call or toast to drain one's glass to the last drop, used to express friendly feelings towards one's companions before drinking. Cf. bottomer n. 3. Also used adverbially. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking salutations [interjection] rivoa1593 my service to you1637 tope1651 three times three1683 hob or nob1756 bottoms up!1858 chin chin1888 here's hoping, how, looking (at you), luck1896 down the hatch1918 cheerio1919 cheero1919 (here's) mud in your eye1927 cheers1930 lechayim1932 salut1933 salud1938 1858 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 25 Oct. Mons. Godard drank ‘bottoms up’, and his companion followed suit. 1877 J. Habberton Some Folks 51 Here's to the Cap'en's mark, a ‘dead sure thing’. Bottoms up! 1928 Vanity Fair Dec. 79 Bottoms up to Vanity Fair! 1933 S. Kingsley Men in White i. iii. 48 Come on! Bottoms up! She smiles back at him, and drains the glass. 1934 J. O'Hara Appointment in Samarra (1935) iv. 119 The old priest..drank his highball almost bottoms up. 1964 L. Nkosi Rhythm of Violence 51 I say bottoms up both to women and to glasses! [He raises his glass.] 2004 Independent 30 Dec. (Review section) 15/4 Hangover cocktails... Bullshot. Not for the faint-hearted, and designed to be downed in one... Pour all ingredients into a small glass, stir well, then bottoms up. P11. North American (originally and chiefly Broadcasting). the bottom of the hour: (with reference to the position of the hands on a clock) the time at or around thirty minutes past the hour. Cf. top of the hour n. at top n.¹ and adj. Phrases 5b. ΚΠ 1968 Billboard 24 Feb. 22/4 Young r&b outlet WGRT..plays continuous music over the ‘top’ and across the ‘bottom’ of the hour to snag news dodging dial switchers. 1970 Daily Messenger (Canandaigua, N.Y.) 2 Jan. 6/1 Headlines at the top of the hour..followed by local news briefs at the bottom of the hour. 1995 Maclean's 17 Apr. 21/1 Mansbridge..took over the hard news while Wallin was moved to Prime Time Magazine at the bottom of the hour. 2011 S. Gummer Parents behaving Badly (2012) 78 Just after the top or the bottom of the hour when a new episode had started on the Disney Channel or Nickelodeon. extracted from bottomn.adj. < as lemmas
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