† forlesev.

Forms: infinitive Old English forléosan, Middle English forleosen, Middle English forlosen, forlesen, Middle English forlese, (1500s Scottish forleir). past tense Old English forléas, Northumbrian forléos, plural forluron, Middle English forleas, (2nd person singular forlure), Middle English forles, 1500s–1600s forlore, Scottish forloir. past participle Old English–Middle English forloren, Middle English northern forlose(n, forlosin, Middle English–1700s forlorne, 1500s–1600s forelorn(e, Middle English–1800s forlore, (Middle English forlo(o)r, 1500s Scottish forloir, 1700s forelore), Middle English– forlorn.

Etymology: Old English forléosan , past tense forléas , plural forluron , past participle forloren ; = Old Frisian forliasa , -liesa , Old Saxon far- , forleosan , -liosan , Old High German far- , fer- , for- , furleosan , -liosan (Middle High German verliesen , German verlieren ), Gothic fraliusan ; < for- prefix¹ + -léosan , Middle English lesen : see leese v.¹After 15th cent. only in past participle, and (rarely) in the new forms, infinitive (Scots) forleir, past tense forlore (Scots forloir).

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To lose v.¹, in various senses.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > incorrect information > report or state wrongly [verb (transitive)] > lead into error, mislead

dwellc888

forlereOE

beleada1000

forleseOE

misteachOE

undergoc1000

mislearOE

misleadOE

bicharrea1100

bedwelec1205

overlead?c1225

misbihedec1300

miswendc1325

misguyc1375

miscounsel1389

misbeleadc1390

faitc1430

miswrest?a1475

misguide1480

scandalize1538

misadvise1548

misdraw1599

misdirect1603

traduce1613

to throw (also put) off the scenta1637

misswaya1640

undirect1647

mislight1648

widdlea1689

OE Beowulf 2861 Æt ðam geongan..þam ðe ær his elne forleas.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 Mon hefde uorloren efre stephne bi-uore gode.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 110 Þe weorreur of helle mei longe asailen ou & forleosen [?c1225 Cleo. leosen] al his hwule.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 815 An so for-lost the hund his fore.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 108 Creusa..þe Eneas his fader in Troie for-leas [c1300 Otho for-les].

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) iv. pr. iv. 100 Yif þat a man hadde al for-lorn hys syhte.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 714 To win þe blis he had forlosin.

c1430 Hymns Virg. 124 Thy honde warke þat þou hast wrowyth, My dere son, forlese hem nowhte!

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 248 My right ere I haue forlorne.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 322 b It may seeme we have..forlorne all mercy and compassion.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vii. i. 117 Her feeble hand the bridle raines forlore.

1663 Robin Hood & Curtal Friar xiii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. cxxiii. 124/1 Carry me over the water..Or else thy life's forlorn.

a. To destroy, cause to perish, cut off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

OE Genesis 1281 He wolde for wera synnum eall aæðan þæt on eorðan wæs, ..forleosan lica gehwilc þara þe. lifes gast fæðmum þeahte.

c1200 Vices & Virtues (E.E.T.S.) 73 Gif he [a pot] ðar inne bersteð and brekð, he is forloren and sone ut-ȝeworpen.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1143 Ðo meidenes..wenden..ðat man-kinde were al for-loren.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 314 Thus they that comen first to-fore Upon the rockes ben forlore.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 40^v Becaus Diomeid wald forbeir The fers Troians.

1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue vi. 175 For the God of Power Th' Assyrian Forces hath this Night forlorn.

1664 Floddan Field i. 2 Worthy Lords by him forlorne.

b. intransitive for reflexive. To perish, come to nought.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end

losec888

fallOE

forlesea1225

perishc1275

spilla1300

to go to wreche13..

to go to the gatec1330

to go to lostc1374

miscarryc1387

quenchc1390

to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400

mischieve?a1400

tinea1400

to go to the devilc1405

bursta1450

untwindc1460

to make shipwreck1526

to go to (the) pot1531

to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547

wrake1570

wracka1586

to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587

to lie in the dusta1591

mischief1598

to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599

shipwreck1607

suffera1616

unravel1643

to fall off1684

tip (over) the perch1699

to do away with1769

to go to the dickens1833

collapse1838

to come (also go) a mucker1851

mucker1862

to go up1864

to go to squash1889

to go (to) stramash1910

to go for a burton1941

to meet one's Makera1978

a1225 St. Marher. 3 Ne ne let tu neauer mi sawle forleosen wið þe forlorne.

a1225 Leg. Kath. 2254 Nalde nawt godd leoten his martirs licomes liggen to forleosen.

c. transitive. To bring to ruin, put to shame, confound; also, to lead astray to one's ruin. (Usually in passive.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [verb (transitive)] > put to shame

shendc825

ofshameOE

forlesec1200

to bring, shape, turn to shamea1250

to put to shamea1250

confoundc1290

confusec1350

rebuke1529

beshame?1567

disgrace1593

outshame1824

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > completely or overthrow

shrenchc897

allayOE

fellOE

quellOE

to bring to the groundc1175

forlesec1200

to lay downa1225

acastc1225

accumberc1275

cumber1303

confoundc1330

overthrowc1375

cumrayc1425

overquell?c1450

overwhelvec1450

to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)?a1500

prostrate1531

quash1556

couch1577

unhorse1577

prosternate1593

overbeata1616

unchariot1715

floor1828

quench1841

to knock over1853

fling1889

to throw down1890

steamroller1912

wipe1972

zonk1973

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 Forleteð yure synne. þat ȝe ne ben ifunden on sunne and swo forlorene.

a1300 E.E. Psalter cxlii[i]. 12 And for-lese my faas in merci þine.

c1400 Melayne 77 Late never my sawle be forlorne.

a1471 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 241 Unavysyd clerk soone may be forlore Unto that theef [Simony] to donne obeysaunce.

1578 Gude & Godlie Ballates 193 Lowse me or I be forloir And heir my mone.

1591 E. Spenser Visions of Worlds Vanitie in Complaints vi O! how great vainnesse is it then to scorne The weake, that hath the strong so oft forlorne!

3. To leave, abandon, desert, forsake.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > forsake

forlet971

beleavec1175

letc1175

forleavec1225

forsakea1300

waivec1330

forgoa1400

forhowa1400

sakea1400

forloinc1400

forlesec1460

abandonc1475

destitute1530

aband1587

bandon1587

leese1590

linquish1591

desert1603

derelicta1631

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > desert/renounce a cause, principle, or person

withsayc960

forsakec1175

renayc1300

waive1303

to waive from1303

allayc1330

to fall from ——c1350

relinquish1454

forlesec1460

to give over1477

missake1481

return1483

guerpe1484

abrenounce1537

to turn the back uponc1540

renege1548

forspeak1565

recant1567

reject1574

abnegate1616

abrenunciate1618

derelinque1623

ejurate1623

to give one the backa1624

derelinquisha1631

ejure1642

delinquish1645

desert1654

deviate1757

to give up1970

c1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 97 The order of preesthode he has forlorne.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ix. sig. Ll8^v Her frail witt, that now her quite forlore.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. lxxvi. 54 The birds, their nests forlore.

Derivatives

forˈlesing n. loss, perdition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > state of being destroyed or ruined

lossc897

losingc950

lore971

destructionc1330

forlesing1340

lostc1374

undoing1377

perditiona1382

shendc1400

decay1535

rack1599

undoneness1835

wanthrift1929

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 156 Uor þet me be-ulyȝt hire folye and hire uorlyezinge.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 243.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	forlese
释义	† forlesev. Forms: infinitive Old English forléosan, Middle English forleosen, Middle English forlosen, forlesen, Middle English forlese, (1500s Scottish forleir). past tense Old English forléas, Northumbrian forléos, plural forluron, Middle English forleas, (2nd person singular forlure), Middle English forles, 1500s–1600s forlore, Scottish forloir. past participle Old English–Middle English forloren, Middle English northern forlose(n, forlosin, Middle English–1700s forlorne, 1500s–1600s forelorn(e, Middle English–1800s forlore, (Middle English forlo(o)r, 1500s Scottish forloir, 1700s forelore), Middle English– forlorn. Etymology: Old English forléosan , past tense forléas , plural forluron , past participle forloren ; = Old Frisian forliasa , -liesa , Old Saxon far- , forleosan , -liosan , Old High German far- , fer- , for- , furleosan , -liosan (Middle High German verliesen , German verlieren ), Gothic fraliusan ; < for- prefix¹ + -léosan , Middle English lesen : see leese v.¹After 15th cent. only in past participle, and (rarely) in the new forms, infinitive (Scots) forleir, past tense forlore (Scots forloir). Obsolete. 1. transitive. To lose v.¹, in various senses. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > incorrect information > report or state wrongly [verb (transitive)] > lead into error, mislead dwellc888 forlereOE beleada1000 forleseOE misteachOE undergoc1000 mislearOE misleadOE bicharrea1100 bedwelec1205 overlead?c1225 misbihedec1300 miswendc1325 misguyc1375 miscounsel1389 misbeleadc1390 faitc1430 miswrest?a1475 misguide1480 scandalize1538 misadvise1548 misdraw1599 misdirect1603 traduce1613 to throw (also put) off the scenta1637 misswaya1640 undirect1647 mislight1648 widdlea1689 OE Beowulf 2861 Æt ðam geongan..þam ðe ær his elne forleas. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 Mon hefde uorloren efre stephne bi-uore gode. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 110 Þe weorreur of helle mei longe asailen ou & forleosen [?c1225 Cleo. leosen] al his hwule. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 815 An so for-lost the hund his fore. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 108 Creusa..þe Eneas his fader in Troie for-leas [c1300 Otho for-les]. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) iv. pr. iv. 100 Yif þat a man hadde al for-lorn hys syhte. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 714 To win þe blis he had forlosin. c1430 Hymns Virg. 124 Thy honde warke þat þou hast wrowyth, My dere son, forlese hem nowhte! a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 248 My right ere I haue forlorne. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 322 b It may seeme we have..forlorne all mercy and compassion. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vii. i. 117 Her feeble hand the bridle raines forlore. 1663 Robin Hood & Curtal Friar xiii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. cxxiii. 124/1 Carry me over the water..Or else thy life's forlorn. 2. a. To destroy, cause to perish, cut off. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 OE Genesis 1281 He wolde for wera synnum eall aæðan þæt on eorðan wæs, ..forleosan lica gehwilc þara þe. lifes gast fæðmum þeahte. c1200 Vices & Virtues (E.E.T.S.) 73 Gif he [a pot] ðar inne bersteð and brekð, he is forloren and sone ut-ȝeworpen. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1143 Ðo meidenes..wenden..ðat man-kinde were al for-loren. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 314 Thus they that comen first to-fore Upon the rockes ben forlore. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 40^v Becaus Diomeid wald forbeir The fers Troians. 1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue vi. 175 For the God of Power Th' Assyrian Forces hath this Night forlorn. 1664 Floddan Field i. 2 Worthy Lords by him forlorne. b. intransitive for reflexive. To perish, come to nought. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end losec888 fallOE forlesea1225 perishc1275 spilla1300 to go to wreche13.. to go to the gatec1330 to go to lostc1374 miscarryc1387 quenchc1390 to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400 mischieve?a1400 tinea1400 to go to the devilc1405 bursta1450 untwindc1460 to make shipwreck1526 to go to (the) pot1531 to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547 wrake1570 wracka1586 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 to lie in the dusta1591 mischief1598 to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599 shipwreck1607 suffera1616 unravel1643 to fall off1684 tip (over) the perch1699 to do away with1769 to go to the dickens1833 collapse1838 to come (also go) a mucker1851 mucker1862 to go up1864 to go to squash1889 to go (to) stramash1910 to go for a burton1941 to meet one's Makera1978 a1225 St. Marher. 3 Ne ne let tu neauer mi sawle forleosen wið þe forlorne. a1225 Leg. Kath. 2254 Nalde nawt godd leoten his martirs licomes liggen to forleosen. c. transitive. To bring to ruin, put to shame, confound; also, to lead astray to one's ruin. (Usually in passive.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [verb (transitive)] > put to shame shendc825 ofshameOE forlesec1200 to bring, shape, turn to shamea1250 to put to shamea1250 confoundc1290 confusec1350 rebuke1529 beshame?1567 disgrace1593 outshame1824 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > completely or overthrow shrenchc897 allayOE fellOE quellOE to bring to the groundc1175 forlesec1200 to lay downa1225 acastc1225 accumberc1275 cumber1303 confoundc1330 overthrowc1375 cumrayc1425 overquell?c1450 overwhelvec1450 to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)?a1500 prostrate1531 quash1556 couch1577 unhorse1577 prosternate1593 overbeata1616 unchariot1715 floor1828 quench1841 to knock over1853 fling1889 to throw down1890 steamroller1912 wipe1972 zonk1973 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 Forleteð yure synne. þat ȝe ne ben ifunden on sunne and swo forlorene. a1300 E.E. Psalter cxlii[i]. 12 And for-lese my faas in merci þine. c1400 Melayne 77 Late never my sawle be forlorne. a1471 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 241 Unavysyd clerk soone may be forlore Unto that theef [Simony] to donne obeysaunce. 1578 Gude & Godlie Ballates 193 Lowse me or I be forloir And heir my mone. 1591 E. Spenser Visions of Worlds Vanitie in Complaints vi O! how great vainnesse is it then to scorne The weake, that hath the strong so oft forlorne! 3. To leave, abandon, desert, forsake. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > forsake forlet971 beleavec1175 letc1175 forleavec1225 forsakea1300 waivec1330 forgoa1400 forhowa1400 sakea1400 forloinc1400 forlesec1460 abandonc1475 destitute1530 aband1587 bandon1587 leese1590 linquish1591 desert1603 derelicta1631 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > desert/renounce a cause, principle, or person withsayc960 forsakec1175 renayc1300 waive1303 to waive from1303 allayc1330 to fall from ——c1350 relinquish1454 forlesec1460 to give over1477 missake1481 return1483 guerpe1484 abrenounce1537 to turn the back uponc1540 renege1548 forspeak1565 recant1567 reject1574 abnegate1616 abrenunciate1618 derelinque1623 ejurate1623 to give one the backa1624 derelinquisha1631 ejure1642 delinquish1645 desert1654 deviate1757 to give up1970 c1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 97 The order of preesthode he has forlorne. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ix. sig. Ll8^v Her frail witt, that now her quite forlore. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. lxxvi. 54 The birds, their nests forlore. Derivatives forˈlesing n. loss, perdition. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > state of being destroyed or ruined lossc897 losingc950 lore971 destructionc1330 forlesing1340 lostc1374 undoing1377 perditiona1382 shendc1400 decay1535 rack1599 undoneness1835 wanthrift1929 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 156 Uor þet me be-ulyȝt hire folye and hire uorlyezinge. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 243. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.OE
随便看	popular state popular-minded popular-priced pomum pon ponapean ponapeans ponask ponasked ponasking ponasterone ponca poncas ponce ponceau ponceaus ponceaux ponced ponced-up poncedup poncelet ponces poncho poncho dress poncho liner