annualadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈanjʊəl/,

/ˈanjᵿl/, U.S.

/ˈænj(əw)əl/

Forms: Middle English–1500s annuell, Middle English– annual, Middle English– annuel, 1500s–1600s anuall, 1500s–1700s annuall, 1700s– anewel (U.S. regional (Maine)); Scottish pre-1700 anewel, pre-1700 annowell, pre-1700 annuail, pre-1700 annuale, pre-1700 annuall, pre-1700 annuel, pre-1700 annuell, pre-1700 annuwal, pre-1700 annwall, pre-1700 annwell, pre-1700 anual, pre-1700 anuale, pre-1700 anueill, pre-1700 anuell, pre-1700 anuelle, pre-1700 anvel, pre-1700 anvell, pre-1700 anvoll, pre-1700 anwal, pre-1700 anwel, pre-1700 anwell, pre-1700 anwelle, pre-1700 1700s– annual, pre-1700 1800s– annwal, 1800s annal, 1800s anuwal, 1800s– onwal.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French annuel; Latin annuālis.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman annuell, Anglo-Norman and Middle French annuel, annual, anuel, anvel (French annuel ) (adjective) taking place every year, yearly (c1100 in Old French as anoel ), (of rent or income) payable every year (1323 in Anglo-Norman in rente annuele ), (of a post or office) held for a year (1355), (noun) annual celebration, anniversary (1165–70), sequence of daily masses continued for a year (c1226), memorial service held on the anniversary of a person's death, yearly chronicle, annal (both 13th cent.), yearly payment or income (14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin annuālis one year old (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also engaged by the year (Vulgate), performed or recurring once every year, yearly (5th cent.), lasting for a year (6th cent.), alteration (after annuus yearly: see annuity n.) of annālis (see annals n.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin annualis (masculine) anniversary day of decease (9th cent.), annuale (neuter) sequence of daily masses (especially for the dead) continued for a year, payment for such masses (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources).Compare Old Occitan anual , adjective (1377), anoal (1450), Catalan anual , adjective (1378), Spanish anual (c1300), Portuguese anual (15th cent.), Italian annuale (late 13th cent.). Specific senses. In sense A. 7b, of bulbs, after scientific Latin bulbi annui, plural ( T. Irmisch Zur Morphologie der monokotylischen Knollen- und Zwiebelgewächse (1850) 235, where German einjährige Zwiebel is also used). With sense B. 5 compare earlier annualist n. 2, annualize v. 2.

A. adj.

1. Of a worker: engaged or hired by the year.

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a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxxvii. 14 The annuel werker [a1425 L.V. A werk man hirid bi the ȝeer; L. operario annuali].

1872 Gardeners' Chron. 23 Nov. 1571/1 Let to the farmer to be occupied by his annual labourers.

1992 J. B. Ambekar Communication & Rural Devel. ii. 25 The sambalad alu or jeeta servant is an annual contract labourer.

2. Of a payment, charge, income, etc.: calculated by or relating to a period of a year; paid or incurred once a year or every year.

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the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > yearly or annual > reckoned or payable by the year

annual?1406

?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle l. 361 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 65/1 Thy rentes annuel.

1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §12. m. 10 An annuell pencion by us to hym graunted..for terme of his lyfe.

c1581–90 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 411 The Towne doth receaue..an anuall regard for the same.

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 73 Giues him three thousand crownes in annuall fee.

1698 C. Davenant Disc. Publick Revenues I. v. 195 Where the Annual Income exceeds the Expence, there is a Superlucration arising.

1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 32 That trade..is not of less annual value..than £400,000.

1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 64 As lang's ye pay our annual fees, In milts an' rowns.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation iii. iii. 458 At an annual charge to the public of 30,174,364l.

1898 Mem. Jas. E. Fyfe 39 The superior rubbed his hands over an annual duty of £30 an acre.

1979 Money Which? Sept. 502/2 There are plans to make all lenders quote an annual percentage rate of charge (APR) worked out in a set way.

1989 Which? Oct. 471/2 Lloyds..announced that they'll be introducing an annual fee (probably around £12) on their Access card.

2010 Independent on Sunday 20 June (New Review) 16/2 Beyond an annual salary of £60,000, rises in salary do not lead to significantly greater increases in happiness.

a. Of an account, record, history, etc.: documenting a year's events or activities in a country, organization, etc.Frequently overlapping with sense A. 5 (see also annual register n., annual report n.).

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c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lij^v/2 Titolenoo that hath breuied all y^e annuell storys of rome.

1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. B There dwelled, as the Annual records of Egypt makes mention, in the Citie of Memphis, a poore man called Perymedes.

1744 (title) The annual account of the Bristol Infirmary, for the year, ending December 21, 1744.

1829 Foreign Q. Rev. 4 292 The journals and annual histories of France have recorded them as regularly as the acts and debates of the British Parliament.

1861 (title) The Annual Retrospect of Engineering and Architecture.

1927 J. H. Nankivell Hist. 25th Regiment U.S. Infantry xxi. 145 The regimental returns and the annual histories that were required to be submitted.

2000 Thames Water Ann. Rep. & Accts. 54 Condition F of the Instrument of Appointment..requires specified accounting statements to be published with its annual accounts.

b. gen. That relates to or covers a period of a year; that occurs during a period of a year.

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1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints sig. M3^v Giuing accompt of th'annuall increace Both of their lambes, and of their woolley fleece.

1605 H. Wotton Let. 18 Aug. in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 331 The annual number..partly being uncertain in itself, and partly magnified by the General of the Jesuits to the Pope.

1736 Ess. Sinking Fund 65 None of the Articles of their annual Total, which they say have been taken from the Aggregate Fund, are the Property thereof.

1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 445 The isobarometric lines..connecting places with the same mean annual height of barometer.

1960 N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xiv. 441 The annual rainfall less heavy than in true closed forest.

2007 Daily Tel. 5 Mar. 9/1 The number was 16,807, suggesting the annual total will reach more than 30,000.

4. Esp. of an office or officer: changed each year; appointed, held, or constituted for the period of a year only.

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the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > that lasts a year > only

annual1525

1525 T. Rychard Walton's Bk. Comfort i. sig. C.iij^v After thes were made princes annual that regned but one yere.

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke ii. iii. f. xl Thei had the name and tytle of consuls..: they ruled the empyre, conducted hostes, and by these offycers, because they were annual ye yeares were counted.

a1674 J. Milton Let. Friend in Wks. (1980) VII. 331 Whether the civill government be an annuall democracy or a perpetuall Aristocracy.

1785 V. Knox Liberal Educ. (ed. 7) II. xliii. 165 It [sc. the Dean's office] is an annual office, and commonly is filled in regular rotation.

1834 Penny Cycl. II. 286/1 The annual archons..to the time of Solon, were taken from the eupatridæ.

1877 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) II. xvi. 433 The commons pray that there may be annual parliaments.

1925 Museum of Fine Arts Bull. 23 5/2 His name might be omitted from those under consideration for election to the annual offices for the year 1925.

2011 Highlands Today (Sebring, Florida) (Nexis) 31 Oct. During discussion about filling the annual positions, [she] asked whether staff members were approached by anyone who wanted to retain his or her position.

5. That occurs once a year or every year; that is done, produced, or given once a year or every year.

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the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > yearly or annual

yearlyOE

annal1503

annual1529

anniversary1552

solennic1623

quotannal1651

solennial1656

quotannual1658

perennial1845

year-to-year1852

quotennial1878

1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxvi^v Of the annuall instytucyon, of whyche feste we rede no where ellys but in y^e boke of the Machabeys.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 431 So stears the prudent Crane Her annual Voiage.

1714 J. Addison Spectator No. 579. ¶7 Come up to the Temple with their annual Offerings.

1791 Swinney's Birmingham & Stafford Chron. 21 July On Monday..the United Society of Bowmen held their first Annual Meeting.

1813 H. Ellis Brand's Observ. Pop. Antiq. (rev. ed.) II. 319 (note) The antient Northern Nations held annual Ice Fairs.

1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited iii. iii. 306 This annual sacrifice united us; here among the holly and mistletoe.

2009 Church Times 7 Aug. 3/3 Quakers endorsed same-sex marriage at the annual meeting of the Religious Society of Friends last week in York.

6. Originally Astronomy. Completed or carried out over the whole course of the year; continued for or occupying the whole year. Usually and now only with a notion of recurrence, and blending into sense A. 5.

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the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > that lasts a year

annuaryc1487

annual1574

anniversary1629

year-long1813

1574 Introd. Loue of God iv. sig. Civ The circuite of times also, and the annual reuolution.

1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. xx. 417 We find the effects to answer, annuall, mensurnall, diurnall, and horarie profections.

1714 H. Grove Spectator No. 588. ⁋1 No more than the diurnal Rotation of the Earth is opposed to its Annual.

a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 116 My servitude was protracted far beyond the annual patience of Cicero.

a1824 Ld. Byron Hints from Horace in Wks. (1831) 715/2 Beards of a week, and nails of annual growth.

1914 Proc. 27th Convent. Assoc. Amer. Agric. Coll. 45 Summer vacation work has its drawbacks in that it furnishes experience in only a small part of the annual round of farm work.

2002 W. Fiennes Snow Geese (2003) ii. 32 Circannual rhythms, corresponding to the annual cycle of the Earth's orbit round the sun.

7. Botany and Horticulture.

a. Of a plant: lasting for a year only; growing, flowering, setting seed, and dying within the space of a year or a single growing season. Frequently in the names of plants. Also: of or belonging to such a plant. Cf. biennial adj. 1b, perennial adj. 2a.

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the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > annual

annual1597

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 893 This is but an annual plant, and increaseth from yeere to yeere by his owne sowing.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §448 The Dying, in the winter, of the Roots of Plants that are Annuall.

1727 J. Swift To Stella in J. Swift et al. Misc. Prose & Verse IV. 291 Grafting on an annual Stock That must our expectation mock.

1844 Gardener & Pract. Florist 3 165/1 Annual seeds, particularly annual flower seeds, may be sown either in spring or in autumn.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xx. 337 The pea is an annual plant, hardy, easy of cultivation, and prolific.

1974 E. Pollard et al. Hedges ix. 109 The nettle is usually the first plant we learn to identify, although we may not distinguish between the annual nettle Urtica urens and the perennial stinging nettle, Urtica dioica.

2009 L. Spilsbury Dig, Plant, Grow 26/1 Most annual weeds will pull out fairly easily, or you can use a garden spade.

b. Of a bulb or bulbous plant: flowering each year from a bulb produced during the previous year.

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1850 tr. T. Irmisch in Bot. Gaz. 2 296 Both the formation and the existence of the annual bulb fall in two terrestrial years, exactly as in the true biennials. But if we call these bulbs biennial, we should have no name for the second section.

1979 Changing Times Sept. 47/1 It is important to understand that the tulip is an annual bulb—each year a completely new bulb grows from the old one.

2016 Frontiers Plant Sci. 7 44/2 Oxalis pes-caprae L.,..Bermuda buttercup, is a geophyte with a deeply buried annual bulb that produces subterranean stems.

B. n.

1. Originally and chiefly Scots Law. A yearly payment, esp. of rent, quit-rent, duty, or interest. Obsolete except in ground-annual n.† annual of annual n. figurative Obsolete the smallest amount (i.e. the quit-rent of a quit-rent).feu-annual, top-annual: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > periodic payment > specific

annual1388

quarterage1389

pensionc1400

pension?a1513

ladysilver1536

standing order1619

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > allowance > annual

annual1388

annuity?c1425

1388 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 294 [He] has giffin all his land..with the annuale of a chaldre of mele.

1462 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 148 The xij d. of the anwel that the sayd Dic Bule was awand of his yard.

1498 in E. Beveridge Burgh Rec. Dunfermline (1917) I. 79 The sadis persounis..deponit..that the sade grvnde wes wnstrenyeable for the sade annuall.

1546 in Bannatyne Misc. (1855) III. 96 To fulfill to the said..College, vj markis worth of annual.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 111 Fiue and twentie thousand Crownes yearely..For which Annuall [etc.].

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cxix. 297 Had I but the annual of annual to give to my Lord Jesus, it would ease my pain.

1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross 125 William Sinclair, Earl of Orknay, got from King James 3d..an annual out of the Burrow Meals of Edinburgh.

1768 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 12 Apr. (1932) (modernized text) VI. 2845 I will send your annual to Mr. Larpent..and pay the forty shillings a day quarterly.

1893 G. Bain Hist. Nairnshire ix. 214 Henry Dallas of Cantray whose lands paid an annual of two shillings to William Calder, Vicar of Barivan.

2. Roman Catholic Church. A memorial mass said either daily for a year after, or yearly on the anniversary of, a person's death. Also: a payment or endowment made for this purpose. Cf. annueller n. Now historical.

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the world > life > death > obsequies > commemorative ceremonies > [noun] > religious or mass > one year after death

annuala1400

year's minda1400

twelvemonth('s) mind1428

year-time1467

annuary?1548

the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > commemoration, remembrance > [noun] > solemn or religious remembrance > annual

annuala1400

year's minda1400

anniversary1567

a1400 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 161 Suche annuels has made þes frers so wely & so gay.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vii. xxij. sig. ti^v/1 Ye may for .xx. shellynges do synge a quarter of an annuell.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Cvi^v They cause masses to be songe other animal [read annual] or trental.

1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church ii. vii. f. 133 The said Masses, Vigils, and annuals, and the rest of the baggage.

1646 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 34 The annuells, obits, and altarages within burghs.

1885 W. S. Ellis Parks & Forests Sussex 189 His son Thomas by his will ordered that ten annuals and trentals should be said for his soul.

1988 D. Aers Community, Gender, & Individual Identity ii. 82 The local Austin Friars could get locked in competition over parishioners' bequests for annuals and trentals.

3. In plural. A record of events written year by year, typically containing brief statements of facts without interpretation; (later also) the actual or notional records or history of a particular place, group, subject, etc.; = annals n. I.

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1520 in Jrnl. Prior William More (1914) 127 Bokes in ye cleyster Almery, portuos, Jornalls, Annualls, &c.

1595 H. Roberts Pheander sig. B Manpelious raigned king in Numedia, as their ancient annuals record.

1689 Answer to Two Papers 37 Renowned in all the Histories of Europe, as well as in our Annuals.

1798 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 IV. 541 His conduct stands unrivalled in the annuals of human atrocity.

1887 Photogr. Times 27 May 273/2 His many sacrifices in this direction..entitle him to a high place in the annuals of American photography.

1991 K. H. Page Body in Kelp (1992) v. 104 It was destined to go down in the annuals of island history as the most talked-about funeral of all time.

a2001 J. M. Grove Little Ice Ages (2004) I. vi. 178/1 Miscellaneous observations from chronicles and annuals.

a. An annual plant; a plant that lives only for a year (reproducing itself by seed, so that there is an annual succession of new plants). Also (less commonly): an animal (esp. a fish) that completes its life cycle within the space of a year.See also hardy annual n. at hardy adj. and n.¹ Compounds 2.

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the world > plants > by age or cycles > [noun] > annual

annual1633

hardy annual1706

tender annual1769

winter annual1857

semi-annual1882

therophyte1913

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > generation of animals > animal that completes its life cycle within the space of a year

annual1883

1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. 777 This is an annuall, and perisheth when the seed is ripe.

1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. iv. 232 Like an Annual in the Garden, which must be rais'd anew every Season.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 966/1 Mignonette..is usually treated as an annual.

1883 F. Day Indian Fish 31 Whether the parents are monogamous, polygamous, or are annuals dying after the reproductive process has been accomplished.

1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 283/1 The half-hardy annuals, which include most of the popular summer bedding plants, are mostly sown in warm greenhouses in early spring and planted out in May or early June.

1978 J. D. Hardy Devel. Fishes Mid-Atlantic Bight (U.S. Dept. Interior) II. 141 In the annuals, eggs are generally deposited in situations where they will be subject to partial desiccation during development.

2014 Good Housek. Apr. 167/1 You may still be able to find a few large annuals, such as cosmos or tobacco plants, going cheap in garden centres.

b. In extended use or figurative context: anything that lasts only for a year; something which does not endure.

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the world > time > period > year > [noun] > something lasting a year

annual1738

1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xl Oaths are the Children of Fashion, they are in some sense almost Annuals.

a1832 G. Crabbe New Poems (1960) 91 The Annuals of the sex, tho' some A second year, with luck, may bloom.

2008 A. Briggs Hist. Longmans x. 536 There are, of course, thousands of books that enjoyed lives shorter even than their author's—annuals not perennials.

5. A book or magazine that is published once a year under the same title but with different contents, spec. one published at Christmas for children.

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society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > annual

yearbook1674

annuary1799

annual1825

almanac1839

1825 J. Wilson Let. 12 Nov. in ‘H. A. Page’ T. De Quincey: Life & Writings (1877) I. xii. 270 The volume..if an annual..can yield you fifty guineas.

1840 (title) Peter Parley's Annual: a Christmas and New Year's present for young people.

1859 T. Lewin Invasion Brit. 37 The rule laid down for the guidance of mariners in the annual referred to [sc. Admiralty Tidal Tables].

1928 A. H. Anderson School-built Ann. 21 Don't think you can get out an annual in a week. A yearbook is a year's job.

1988 W. Russell Shirley Valentine i. ii, in Shirley Valentine & One for the Road (1993) 19 Sittin' there propped up with two pillows, readin' her old Beano annuals.

2011 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 18 Dec. d1 A new literary annual based in Austin that wants to publish material that could qualify as science fiction or so-called literary fiction.

2011 Private Eye 23 Dec. 37/3 (advt.) The Private Eye Annual has become both a seasonal institution and a perennial Christmas bestseller.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the noun.

† annual priest n. Obsolete a priest employed to celebrate memorial masses for the dead; = annueller n.; cf. sense B. 2.

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a1400 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 162 Frers shal annuel prestes bycome & so-gates selle þer songe.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 178 To pay þis summe þe annual prestis were compelled.

C2. Compounds of the adjective.

annual equation n. Astronomy a discrepancy in the observed position of the sun or moon in the sky, compared to its theoretical position or mean motion, that varies regularly over the course of a year; spec. (the magnitude of) the varying difference in the observed celestial longitude of the moon arising from perturbation by the sun's gravity as the earth–moon system passes from aphelion to perihelion and back.

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the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical calculation > [noun]

prosthaphaeresis1599

annual equation1700

lunar equation1712

metemptosis1728

1700 I. Newton MS Cambr. Add. 3966 in Corr. (1967) IV. 323 The annual equation of the Suns motion arises from ye excentricity of his Orb wch is 16 ¹¹/ ₁₂ supposing the radius of that Orb to be 1000.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The annual Equation of the mean Motion of the Sun depends on the Eccentricity of the Earth's Orbit... The greatest annual Equation of the Moon's mean Motion is 11′, 40″. of its Apogee 20′, and of its node 9′, 30″.

1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) v. 41 The Annual Equation [of the moon] depends on the sun's distance from the earth; it arises from the moon's motion being accelerated when that of the earth is retarded.

1967 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 79 485 The history of Tycho's last addition to the lunar theory—the annual equation—is so involved that it cannot be summarized here.

2012 W. Applebaum in tr. J. Horrocks Venus seen on Sun Introd. p. xxii It is not true that neither Kepler nor Tycho Brahe assigned a value to the Moon's annual equation.

annual general meeting n. a yearly meeting of the members or shareholders of a club, company, or other organization, typically for holding elections, examining the organization's accounts, and reporting on the year's events (abbreviated AGM n.); cf. general meeting n. at general adj. and n. Compounds 2.Not in common use in the United States.

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1725 Daily Post 26 Nov. Tuesday last the Annual General Meeting of the Royal Fishery Company was held here.

1928 F. E. Baily Golden Vanity xiv. 201 No dividend, reserve fund wiped out, and a dog-fight at the annual general meeting.

2006 S. Afr. Times 15 Nov. 31/4 The annual general meeting..exuded the kind of self-satisfaction associated with a cat after devouring a bowl of cream.

annual leave n. (originally) a period of authorized leave of absence, taken once a year; (now usually) paid leave taken by an employee from a yearly entitlement; this entitlement, frequently calculated as a specified number of days that may be taken during the course of a year.Now rare in North American use.

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1825 Let. 23 June in Oriental Herald Aug. 310 They must in future keep up such a force as will enable the annual leave being granted to the Sepoys.

1884 Let. 22 May in Campaign Bk. (U.S. Democratic Party) (1886) 83 I..do not wish to take fifteen days leave now, for I will want a few days at the election, and only have fifteen days of my annual leave left me.

1992 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 24 May 150 Candace Sutton is editing The Diary while Simon Kent is on annual leave.

2002 Big Issue 17 June 39/1 (advt.) We can offer you good conditions of service including pension scheme, 30 days annual leave, [etc.].

annual parallax n. the maximum apparent difference in position of a celestial object during the course of a year due to the changing position of the earth in its orbit around the sun; (also) a value equal to half of this (corresponding to the angle subtended at the celestial object by the mean radius of the earth's orbit).

ΚΠ

1672 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 7 4039 The further Jupiter is distant from the opposition, the greater is the apparent distance of the same Satellit; that at divers times of the Year this distance changeth in proportion of the annual Parallax of the Satellit, according as he is differently seen by the Sun and by the Earth.

1674 J. Wallis Let. 7 Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 564 Mr Hooks observation of ye Annual Parallax compared with ye Lucida Draconis; I am very well pleased with. Onely I am sorry it hath been no further prosecuted. For depending as it were upon little more than one observation, and that a nice one: they who like not the thing, will rather content them selves to attribute it to some errour.

1870 R. A. Proctor Other Worlds than Ours vii. 171 The star Alpha Centauri..exhibits..an annual parallax of one second.

2016 Leek (Staffs.) Post & Times (Nexis) 6 Sept. (Environment section) 26 Last week I described how stellar distances were determined by using annual parallax to determine the apparent positional shift of nearby stars against more distant objects.

annual range n. the size of the difference between the greatest and least value of a climatic variable, esp. monthly mean temperature, observed over a period of one year (cf. range n.¹ 15a).

ΚΠ

1788 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 64 There are few countries, in which the annual range of the thermometer is greater than at New York, and the neighbouring parts of America.

1818 L. Howard Climate London II. 48 The average annual range is very nearly two inches.

1927 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents 2 By subtracting the mean temperature of the warmest and coldest months we obtain the ‘annual range’.

2005 S. E. Nicholson in J. E. Oliver et al. Encycl. World Climatol. 329/2 In deserts near the equator the annual range is often much less, so that the daily temperature range is several times larger than the annual range.

annual register n. a descriptive register or chronicle of the significant events in a particular year; a yearly record; (later also) a yearbook published by a school, college, or university.Chiefly in the titles of specific publications.

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1598 L. A. tr. G. Fernandez Honour of Chiualrie i. 1 When the Grecian Monarchie flourished with most glorie, triumphing ouer the greatest part of Christendome, as is recorded in the large annuall Registers of Fristone.

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico i. 14 Inferiour princes, whose continued obsequies filled the Annual Register.

1789 (title) The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the year 1788.

1916 (title) Annual register of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md... Seventy-second academic year 1916-1917.

2005 C. Tilly Regimes & Repertoires iv. 62 The Annual Register's descriptions of contentious politics across the world in 1989.

annual report n. a yearly review issued by a public body, society, or other organization documenting the previous year's activities or events, spec. a company's yearly report to shareholders, documenting its activities and finances in the previous financial year.

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1724 Weekly Jrnl. 4 Jan. 2751/2 The Officers [of the Royal Mathematick School in Christ Hospital]..waited the same Day on his Majesty, according to Custom, to present their Annual Report, and were Graciously receiv'd.

1806 Commissions & Abstract Ann. Rep. (title page) in Parl. Papers XVIII. 1 Commissions, and abstract of annual reports of the Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom... Ordered, by the House of Commons, to be printed, 16th July 1806.

1939 Gen. Mag. Apr. 317 The annual report to stockholders can be much more than a formal financial statement.

1990 Which? Dec. 701/1 If you want to find out more about a company, it's worth reading the annual report.

2003 Guardian 3 Feb. i. 20/1 The commission's annual reports on the economies of the 12 eurozone countries.

annual ring n. each of the concentric bands of wood in a tree corresponding to the growth of a single year or growing season (see ring n.¹ 7d); (also) each of a similar set of bands or zones in some other natural structure, such as an animal's horn or shell.

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1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. sig. O5 (caption) The Black Lines are the lignous Body. The several Shootings thereof betwixt the black Circles shew the Annuall Rings.

1796 G. Gregory Econ. Nature III. viii. i. 4 These annual rings, which are visible in most trees when cut transversely, serve as marks to determine their age.

1970 Field & Stream Oct. 192/3 The annual rings on the horns [sc. of mountain goats] result from a difference in the growth rate between summer and winter.

2000 Dendrochronology (English Heritage) 17/2 Wood samples, containing several annual rings, are taken at known intervals from the timber to be dated and submitted for high-precision radiocarbon dating.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	annual
释义	annualadj.n. Brit. /ˈanjʊəl/, /ˈanjᵿl/, U.S. /ˈænj(əw)əl/ Forms: Middle English–1500s annuell, Middle English– annual, Middle English– annuel, 1500s–1600s anuall, 1500s–1700s annuall, 1700s– anewel (U.S. regional (Maine)); Scottish pre-1700 anewel, pre-1700 annowell, pre-1700 annuail, pre-1700 annuale, pre-1700 annuall, pre-1700 annuel, pre-1700 annuell, pre-1700 annuwal, pre-1700 annwall, pre-1700 annwell, pre-1700 anual, pre-1700 anuale, pre-1700 anueill, pre-1700 anuell, pre-1700 anuelle, pre-1700 anvel, pre-1700 anvell, pre-1700 anvoll, pre-1700 anwal, pre-1700 anwel, pre-1700 anwell, pre-1700 anwelle, pre-1700 1700s– annual, pre-1700 1800s– annwal, 1800s annal, 1800s anuwal, 1800s– onwal. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French annuel; Latin annuālis. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman annuell, Anglo-Norman and Middle French annuel, annual, anuel, anvel (French annuel ) (adjective) taking place every year, yearly (c1100 in Old French as anoel ), (of rent or income) payable every year (1323 in Anglo-Norman in rente annuele ), (of a post or office) held for a year (1355), (noun) annual celebration, anniversary (1165–70), sequence of daily masses continued for a year (c1226), memorial service held on the anniversary of a person's death, yearly chronicle, annal (both 13th cent.), yearly payment or income (14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin annuālis one year old (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also engaged by the year (Vulgate), performed or recurring once every year, yearly (5th cent.), lasting for a year (6th cent.), alteration (after annuus yearly: see annuity n.) of annālis (see annals n.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin annualis (masculine) anniversary day of decease (9th cent.), annuale (neuter) sequence of daily masses (especially for the dead) continued for a year, payment for such masses (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources).Compare Old Occitan anual , adjective (1377), anoal (1450), Catalan anual , adjective (1378), Spanish anual (c1300), Portuguese anual (15th cent.), Italian annuale (late 13th cent.). Specific senses. In sense A. 7b, of bulbs, after scientific Latin bulbi annui, plural ( T. Irmisch Zur Morphologie der monokotylischen Knollen- und Zwiebelgewächse (1850) 235, where German einjährige Zwiebel is also used). With sense B. 5 compare earlier annualist n. 2, annualize v. 2. A. adj. 1. Of a worker: engaged or hired by the year. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxxvii. 14 The annuel werker [a1425 L.V. A werk man hirid bi the ȝeer; L. operario annuali]. 1872 Gardeners' Chron. 23 Nov. 1571/1 Let to the farmer to be occupied by his annual labourers. 1992 J. B. Ambekar Communication & Rural Devel. ii. 25 The sambalad alu or jeeta servant is an annual contract labourer. 2. Of a payment, charge, income, etc.: calculated by or relating to a period of a year; paid or incurred once a year or every year. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > yearly or annual > reckoned or payable by the year annual?1406 ?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle l. 361 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 65/1 Thy rentes annuel. 1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §12. m. 10 An annuell pencion by us to hym graunted..for terme of his lyfe. c1581–90 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 411 The Towne doth receaue..an anuall regard for the same. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 73 Giues him three thousand crownes in annuall fee. 1698 C. Davenant Disc. Publick Revenues I. v. 195 Where the Annual Income exceeds the Expence, there is a Superlucration arising. 1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 32 That trade..is not of less annual value..than £400,000. 1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 64 As lang's ye pay our annual fees, In milts an' rowns. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation iii. iii. 458 At an annual charge to the public of 30,174,364l. 1898 Mem. Jas. E. Fyfe 39 The superior rubbed his hands over an annual duty of £30 an acre. 1979 Money Which? Sept. 502/2 There are plans to make all lenders quote an annual percentage rate of charge (APR) worked out in a set way. 1989 Which? Oct. 471/2 Lloyds..announced that they'll be introducing an annual fee (probably around £12) on their Access card. 2010 Independent on Sunday 20 June (New Review) 16/2 Beyond an annual salary of £60,000, rises in salary do not lead to significantly greater increases in happiness. 3. a. Of an account, record, history, etc.: documenting a year's events or activities in a country, organization, etc.Frequently overlapping with sense A. 5 (see also annual register n., annual report n.). ΚΠ c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lij^v/2 Titolenoo that hath breuied all y^e annuell storys of rome. 1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. B There dwelled, as the Annual records of Egypt makes mention, in the Citie of Memphis, a poore man called Perymedes. 1744 (title) The annual account of the Bristol Infirmary, for the year, ending December 21, 1744. 1829 Foreign Q. Rev. 4 292 The journals and annual histories of France have recorded them as regularly as the acts and debates of the British Parliament. 1861 (title) The Annual Retrospect of Engineering and Architecture. 1927 J. H. Nankivell Hist. 25th Regiment U.S. Infantry xxi. 145 The regimental returns and the annual histories that were required to be submitted. 2000 Thames Water Ann. Rep. & Accts. 54 Condition F of the Instrument of Appointment..requires specified accounting statements to be published with its annual accounts. b. gen. That relates to or covers a period of a year; that occurs during a period of a year. ΚΠ 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints sig. M3^v Giuing accompt of th'annuall increace Both of their lambes, and of their woolley fleece. 1605 H. Wotton Let. 18 Aug. in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 331 The annual number..partly being uncertain in itself, and partly magnified by the General of the Jesuits to the Pope. 1736 Ess. Sinking Fund 65 None of the Articles of their annual Total, which they say have been taken from the Aggregate Fund, are the Property thereof. 1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 445 The isobarometric lines..connecting places with the same mean annual height of barometer. 1960 N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xiv. 441 The annual rainfall less heavy than in true closed forest. 2007 Daily Tel. 5 Mar. 9/1 The number was 16,807, suggesting the annual total will reach more than 30,000. 4. Esp. of an office or officer: changed each year; appointed, held, or constituted for the period of a year only. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > that lasts a year > only annual1525 1525 T. Rychard Walton's Bk. Comfort i. sig. C.iij^v After thes were made princes annual that regned but one yere. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke ii. iii. f. xl Thei had the name and tytle of consuls..: they ruled the empyre, conducted hostes, and by these offycers, because they were annual ye yeares were counted. a1674 J. Milton Let. Friend in Wks. (1980) VII. 331 Whether the civill government be an annuall democracy or a perpetuall Aristocracy. 1785 V. Knox Liberal Educ. (ed. 7) II. xliii. 165 It [sc. the Dean's office] is an annual office, and commonly is filled in regular rotation. 1834 Penny Cycl. II. 286/1 The annual archons..to the time of Solon, were taken from the eupatridæ. 1877 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) II. xvi. 433 The commons pray that there may be annual parliaments. 1925 Museum of Fine Arts Bull. 23 5/2 His name might be omitted from those under consideration for election to the annual offices for the year 1925. 2011 Highlands Today (Sebring, Florida) (Nexis) 31 Oct. During discussion about filling the annual positions, [she] asked whether staff members were approached by anyone who wanted to retain his or her position. 5. That occurs once a year or every year; that is done, produced, or given once a year or every year. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > yearly or annual yearlyOE annal1503 annual1529 anniversary1552 solennic1623 quotannal1651 solennial1656 quotannual1658 perennial1845 year-to-year1852 quotennial1878 1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxvi^v Of the annuall instytucyon, of whyche feste we rede no where ellys but in y^e boke of the Machabeys. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 431 So stears the prudent Crane Her annual Voiage. View more context for this quotation 1714 J. Addison Spectator No. 579. ¶7 Come up to the Temple with their annual Offerings. 1791 Swinney's Birmingham & Stafford Chron. 21 July On Monday..the United Society of Bowmen held their first Annual Meeting. 1813 H. Ellis Brand's Observ. Pop. Antiq. (rev. ed.) II. 319 (note) The antient Northern Nations held annual Ice Fairs. 1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited iii. iii. 306 This annual sacrifice united us; here among the holly and mistletoe. 2009 Church Times 7 Aug. 3/3 Quakers endorsed same-sex marriage at the annual meeting of the Religious Society of Friends last week in York. 6. Originally Astronomy. Completed or carried out over the whole course of the year; continued for or occupying the whole year. Usually and now only with a notion of recurrence, and blending into sense A. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > [adjective] > that lasts a year annuaryc1487 annual1574 anniversary1629 year-long1813 1574 Introd. Loue of God iv. sig. Civ The circuite of times also, and the annual reuolution. 1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. xx. 417 We find the effects to answer, annuall, mensurnall, diurnall, and horarie profections. 1714 H. Grove Spectator No. 588. ⁋1 No more than the diurnal Rotation of the Earth is opposed to its Annual. a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 116 My servitude was protracted far beyond the annual patience of Cicero. a1824 Ld. Byron Hints from Horace in Wks. (1831) 715/2 Beards of a week, and nails of annual growth. 1914 Proc. 27th Convent. Assoc. Amer. Agric. Coll. 45 Summer vacation work has its drawbacks in that it furnishes experience in only a small part of the annual round of farm work. 2002 W. Fiennes Snow Geese (2003) ii. 32 Circannual rhythms, corresponding to the annual cycle of the Earth's orbit round the sun. 7. Botany and Horticulture. a. Of a plant: lasting for a year only; growing, flowering, setting seed, and dying within the space of a year or a single growing season. Frequently in the names of plants. Also: of or belonging to such a plant. Cf. biennial adj. 1b, perennial adj. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > annual annual1597 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 893 This is but an annual plant, and increaseth from yeere to yeere by his owne sowing. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §448 The Dying, in the winter, of the Roots of Plants that are Annuall. 1727 J. Swift To Stella in J. Swift et al. Misc. Prose & Verse IV. 291 Grafting on an annual Stock That must our expectation mock. 1844 Gardener & Pract. Florist 3 165/1 Annual seeds, particularly annual flower seeds, may be sown either in spring or in autumn. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xx. 337 The pea is an annual plant, hardy, easy of cultivation, and prolific. 1974 E. Pollard et al. Hedges ix. 109 The nettle is usually the first plant we learn to identify, although we may not distinguish between the annual nettle Urtica urens and the perennial stinging nettle, Urtica dioica. 2009 L. Spilsbury Dig, Plant, Grow 26/1 Most annual weeds will pull out fairly easily, or you can use a garden spade. b. Of a bulb or bulbous plant: flowering each year from a bulb produced during the previous year. ΚΠ 1850 tr. T. Irmisch in Bot. Gaz. 2 296 Both the formation and the existence of the annual bulb fall in two terrestrial years, exactly as in the true biennials. But if we call these bulbs biennial, we should have no name for the second section. 1979 Changing Times Sept. 47/1 It is important to understand that the tulip is an annual bulb—each year a completely new bulb grows from the old one. 2016 Frontiers Plant Sci. 7 44/2 Oxalis pes-caprae L.,..Bermuda buttercup, is a geophyte with a deeply buried annual bulb that produces subterranean stems. B. n. 1. Originally and chiefly Scots Law. A yearly payment, esp. of rent, quit-rent, duty, or interest. Obsolete except in ground-annual n.† annual of annual n. figurative Obsolete the smallest amount (i.e. the quit-rent of a quit-rent).feu-annual, top-annual: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > periodic payment > specific annual1388 quarterage1389 pensionc1400 pension?a1513 ladysilver1536 standing order1619 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > allowance > annual annual1388 annuity?c1425 1388 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 294 [He] has giffin all his land..with the annuale of a chaldre of mele. 1462 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 148 The xij d. of the anwel that the sayd Dic Bule was awand of his yard. 1498 in E. Beveridge Burgh Rec. Dunfermline (1917) I. 79 The sadis persounis..deponit..that the sade grvnde wes wnstrenyeable for the sade annuall. 1546 in Bannatyne Misc. (1855) III. 96 To fulfill to the said..College, vj markis worth of annual. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 111 Fiue and twentie thousand Crownes yearely..For which Annuall [etc.]. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cxix. 297 Had I but the annual of annual to give to my Lord Jesus, it would ease my pain. 1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross 125 William Sinclair, Earl of Orknay, got from King James 3d..an annual out of the Burrow Meals of Edinburgh. 1768 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 12 Apr. (1932) (modernized text) VI. 2845 I will send your annual to Mr. Larpent..and pay the forty shillings a day quarterly. 1893 G. Bain Hist. Nairnshire ix. 214 Henry Dallas of Cantray whose lands paid an annual of two shillings to William Calder, Vicar of Barivan. 2. Roman Catholic Church. A memorial mass said either daily for a year after, or yearly on the anniversary of, a person's death. Also: a payment or endowment made for this purpose. Cf. annueller n. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > commemorative ceremonies > [noun] > religious or mass > one year after death annuala1400 year's minda1400 twelvemonth('s) mind1428 year-time1467 annuary?1548 the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > commemoration, remembrance > [noun] > solemn or religious remembrance > annual annuala1400 year's minda1400 anniversary1567 a1400 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 161 Suche annuels has made þes frers so wely & so gay. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vii. xxij. sig. ti^v/1 Ye may for .xx. shellynges do synge a quarter of an annuell. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Cvi^v They cause masses to be songe other animal [read annual] or trental. 1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church ii. vii. f. 133 The said Masses, Vigils, and annuals, and the rest of the baggage. 1646 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 34 The annuells, obits, and altarages within burghs. 1885 W. S. Ellis Parks & Forests Sussex 189 His son Thomas by his will ordered that ten annuals and trentals should be said for his soul. 1988 D. Aers Community, Gender, & Individual Identity ii. 82 The local Austin Friars could get locked in competition over parishioners' bequests for annuals and trentals. 3. In plural. A record of events written year by year, typically containing brief statements of facts without interpretation; (later also) the actual or notional records or history of a particular place, group, subject, etc.; = annals n. I. ΚΠ 1520 in Jrnl. Prior William More (1914) 127 Bokes in ye cleyster Almery, portuos, Jornalls, Annualls, &c. 1595 H. Roberts Pheander sig. B Manpelious raigned king in Numedia, as their ancient annuals record. 1689 Answer to Two Papers 37 Renowned in all the Histories of Europe, as well as in our Annuals. 1798 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 IV. 541 His conduct stands unrivalled in the annuals of human atrocity. 1887 Photogr. Times 27 May 273/2 His many sacrifices in this direction..entitle him to a high place in the annuals of American photography. 1991 K. H. Page Body in Kelp (1992) v. 104 It was destined to go down in the annuals of island history as the most talked-about funeral of all time. a2001 J. M. Grove Little Ice Ages (2004) I. vi. 178/1 Miscellaneous observations from chronicles and annuals. 4. a. An annual plant; a plant that lives only for a year (reproducing itself by seed, so that there is an annual succession of new plants). Also (less commonly): an animal (esp. a fish) that completes its life cycle within the space of a year.See also hardy annual n. at hardy adj. and n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by age or cycles > [noun] > annual annual1633 hardy annual1706 tender annual1769 winter annual1857 semi-annual1882 therophyte1913 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > generation of animals > animal that completes its life cycle within the space of a year annual1883 1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. 777 This is an annuall, and perisheth when the seed is ripe. 1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil ii. iv. 232 Like an Annual in the Garden, which must be rais'd anew every Season. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 966/1 Mignonette..is usually treated as an annual. 1883 F. Day Indian Fish 31 Whether the parents are monogamous, polygamous, or are annuals dying after the reproductive process has been accomplished. 1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 283/1 The half-hardy annuals, which include most of the popular summer bedding plants, are mostly sown in warm greenhouses in early spring and planted out in May or early June. 1978 J. D. Hardy Devel. Fishes Mid-Atlantic Bight (U.S. Dept. Interior) II. 141 In the annuals, eggs are generally deposited in situations where they will be subject to partial desiccation during development. 2014 Good Housek. Apr. 167/1 You may still be able to find a few large annuals, such as cosmos or tobacco plants, going cheap in garden centres. b. In extended use or figurative context: anything that lasts only for a year; something which does not endure. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > [noun] > something lasting a year annual1738 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xl Oaths are the Children of Fashion, they are in some sense almost Annuals. a1832 G. Crabbe New Poems (1960) 91 The Annuals of the sex, tho' some A second year, with luck, may bloom. 2008 A. Briggs Hist. Longmans x. 536 There are, of course, thousands of books that enjoyed lives shorter even than their author's—annuals not perennials. 5. A book or magazine that is published once a year under the same title but with different contents, spec. one published at Christmas for children. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > annual yearbook1674 annuary1799 annual1825 almanac1839 1825 J. Wilson Let. 12 Nov. in ‘H. A. Page’ T. De Quincey: Life & Writings (1877) I. xii. 270 The volume..if an annual..can yield you fifty guineas. 1840 (title) Peter Parley's Annual: a Christmas and New Year's present for young people. 1859 T. Lewin Invasion Brit. 37 The rule laid down for the guidance of mariners in the annual referred to [sc. Admiralty Tidal Tables]. 1928 A. H. Anderson School-built Ann. 21 Don't think you can get out an annual in a week. A yearbook is a year's job. 1988 W. Russell Shirley Valentine i. ii, in Shirley Valentine & One for the Road (1993) 19 Sittin' there propped up with two pillows, readin' her old Beano annuals. 2011 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 18 Dec. d1 A new literary annual based in Austin that wants to publish material that could qualify as science fiction or so-called literary fiction. 2011 Private Eye 23 Dec. 37/3 (advt.) The Private Eye Annual has become both a seasonal institution and a perennial Christmas bestseller. Compounds C1. Compounds of the noun. † annual priest n. Obsolete a priest employed to celebrate memorial masses for the dead; = annueller n.; cf. sense B. 2. ΚΠ a1400 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 162 Frers shal annuel prestes bycome & so-gates selle þer songe. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 178 To pay þis summe þe annual prestis were compelled. C2. Compounds of the adjective. annual equation n. Astronomy a discrepancy in the observed position of the sun or moon in the sky, compared to its theoretical position or mean motion, that varies regularly over the course of a year; spec. (the magnitude of) the varying difference in the observed celestial longitude of the moon arising from perturbation by the sun's gravity as the earth–moon system passes from aphelion to perihelion and back. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical calculation > [noun] prosthaphaeresis1599 annual equation1700 lunar equation1712 metemptosis1728 1700 I. Newton MS Cambr. Add. 3966 in Corr. (1967) IV. 323 The annual equation of the Suns motion arises from ye excentricity of his Orb wch is 16 ¹¹/ ₁₂ supposing the radius of that Orb to be 1000. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The annual Equation of the mean Motion of the Sun depends on the Eccentricity of the Earth's Orbit... The greatest annual Equation of the Moon's mean Motion is 11′, 40″. of its Apogee 20′, and of its node 9′, 30″. 1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) v. 41 The Annual Equation [of the moon] depends on the sun's distance from the earth; it arises from the moon's motion being accelerated when that of the earth is retarded. 1967 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 79 485 The history of Tycho's last addition to the lunar theory—the annual equation—is so involved that it cannot be summarized here. 2012 W. Applebaum in tr. J. Horrocks Venus seen on Sun Introd. p. xxii It is not true that neither Kepler nor Tycho Brahe assigned a value to the Moon's annual equation. annual general meeting n. a yearly meeting of the members or shareholders of a club, company, or other organization, typically for holding elections, examining the organization's accounts, and reporting on the year's events (abbreviated AGM n.); cf. general meeting n. at general adj. and n. Compounds 2.Not in common use in the United States. ΚΠ 1725 Daily Post 26 Nov. Tuesday last the Annual General Meeting of the Royal Fishery Company was held here. 1928 F. E. Baily Golden Vanity xiv. 201 No dividend, reserve fund wiped out, and a dog-fight at the annual general meeting. 2006 S. Afr. Times 15 Nov. 31/4 The annual general meeting..exuded the kind of self-satisfaction associated with a cat after devouring a bowl of cream. annual leave n. (originally) a period of authorized leave of absence, taken once a year; (now usually) paid leave taken by an employee from a yearly entitlement; this entitlement, frequently calculated as a specified number of days that may be taken during the course of a year.Now rare in North American use. ΚΠ 1825 Let. 23 June in Oriental Herald Aug. 310 They must in future keep up such a force as will enable the annual leave being granted to the Sepoys. 1884 Let. 22 May in Campaign Bk. (U.S. Democratic Party) (1886) 83 I..do not wish to take fifteen days leave now, for I will want a few days at the election, and only have fifteen days of my annual leave left me. 1992 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 24 May 150 Candace Sutton is editing The Diary while Simon Kent is on annual leave. 2002 Big Issue 17 June 39/1 (advt.) We can offer you good conditions of service including pension scheme, 30 days annual leave, [etc.]. annual parallax n. the maximum apparent difference in position of a celestial object during the course of a year due to the changing position of the earth in its orbit around the sun; (also) a value equal to half of this (corresponding to the angle subtended at the celestial object by the mean radius of the earth's orbit). ΚΠ 1672 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 7 4039 The further Jupiter is distant from the opposition, the greater is the apparent distance of the same Satellit; that at divers times of the Year this distance changeth in proportion of the annual Parallax of the Satellit, according as he is differently seen by the Sun and by the Earth. 1674 J. Wallis Let. 7 Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 564 Mr Hooks observation of ye Annual Parallax compared with ye Lucida Draconis; I am very well pleased with. Onely I am sorry it hath been no further prosecuted. For depending as it were upon little more than one observation, and that a nice one: they who like not the thing, will rather content them selves to attribute it to some errour. 1870 R. A. Proctor Other Worlds than Ours vii. 171 The star Alpha Centauri..exhibits..an annual parallax of one second. 2016 Leek (Staffs.) Post & Times (Nexis) 6 Sept. (Environment section) 26 Last week I described how stellar distances were determined by using annual parallax to determine the apparent positional shift of nearby stars against more distant objects. annual range n. the size of the difference between the greatest and least value of a climatic variable, esp. monthly mean temperature, observed over a period of one year (cf. range n.¹ 15a). ΚΠ 1788 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 64 There are few countries, in which the annual range of the thermometer is greater than at New York, and the neighbouring parts of America. 1818 L. Howard Climate London II. 48 The average annual range is very nearly two inches. 1927 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents 2 By subtracting the mean temperature of the warmest and coldest months we obtain the ‘annual range’. 2005 S. E. Nicholson in J. E. Oliver et al. Encycl. World Climatol. 329/2 In deserts near the equator the annual range is often much less, so that the daily temperature range is several times larger than the annual range. annual register n. a descriptive register or chronicle of the significant events in a particular year; a yearly record; (later also) a yearbook published by a school, college, or university.Chiefly in the titles of specific publications. ΚΠ 1598 L. A. tr. G. Fernandez Honour of Chiualrie i. 1 When the Grecian Monarchie flourished with most glorie, triumphing ouer the greatest part of Christendome, as is recorded in the large annuall Registers of Fristone. 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico i. 14 Inferiour princes, whose continued obsequies filled the Annual Register. 1789 (title) The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the year 1788. 1916 (title) Annual register of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md... Seventy-second academic year 1916-1917. 2005 C. Tilly Regimes & Repertoires iv. 62 The Annual Register's descriptions of contentious politics across the world in 1989. annual report n. a yearly review issued by a public body, society, or other organization documenting the previous year's activities or events, spec. a company's yearly report to shareholders, documenting its activities and finances in the previous financial year. ΚΠ 1724 Weekly Jrnl. 4 Jan. 2751/2 The Officers [of the Royal Mathematick School in Christ Hospital]..waited the same Day on his Majesty, according to Custom, to present their Annual Report, and were Graciously receiv'd. 1806 Commissions & Abstract Ann. Rep. (title page) in Parl. Papers XVIII. 1 Commissions, and abstract of annual reports of the Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom... Ordered, by the House of Commons, to be printed, 16th July 1806. 1939 Gen. Mag. Apr. 317 The annual report to stockholders can be much more than a formal financial statement. 1990 Which? Dec. 701/1 If you want to find out more about a company, it's worth reading the annual report. 2003 Guardian 3 Feb. i. 20/1 The commission's annual reports on the economies of the 12 eurozone countries. annual ring n. each of the concentric bands of wood in a tree corresponding to the growth of a single year or growing season (see ring n.¹ 7d); (also) each of a similar set of bands or zones in some other natural structure, such as an animal's horn or shell. ΚΠ 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. sig. O5 (caption) The Black Lines are the lignous Body. The several Shootings thereof betwixt the black Circles shew the Annuall Rings. 1796 G. Gregory Econ. Nature III. viii. i. 4 These annual rings, which are visible in most trees when cut transversely, serve as marks to determine their age. 1970 Field & Stream Oct. 192/3 The annual rings on the horns [sc. of mountain goats] result from a difference in the growth rate between summer and winter. 2000 Dendrochronology (English Heritage) 17/2 Wood samples, containing several annual rings, are taken at known intervals from the timber to be dated and submitted for high-precision radiocarbon dating. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < adj.n.a1382
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