foundn.1
/faʊnd/, U.S. /faʊnd/, Scottish English /fʌʊnd/ Scottish.
= foundation n.; see also quot. 1846.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of
foundation stone1651
touching1663
footstone1728
substrate1730
found1818
air drain1833
damp-course1876
damp-proof course1876
foundation-trench1942
foundation deposit1955
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s)
staddlea900
ground-stathelnessa1300
foundation1398
groundsel1433
ground-pinning1448
underpinning1538
groundworka1557
footing1611
substruction1624
under-filling1624
substructure1726
found1818
pinninga1825
well1832
soling1838
masonite1840
ground-statheling-
1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Dec. 503 Our milkhouse..micht hae stude to the last day; but its found had been onner~minit by the last Lammas-spait.
1846 W. M. Buchanan Technol. Dict. Found, in architecture, the trench or excavation made to receive the foundation stones of a wall.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
foundn.2
/faʊnd/, U.S. /faʊnd/ The process of founding (metal, materials for glass). †of found (Scottish) = made of cast metal (cf. font n.2 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting
yotinga1382
castinga1398
yote1474
found1540
foundry1601
casta1616
foundinga1657
font1754
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > cast > made of cast metal
of found1540
1540 Sc. Act Jas. V (1597) §94 Ane Hagbutte of Founde, called Hagbute of Crochert.
1566 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 166 Foure new cannonis of found.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 315 Guns, cross-bows, hagbuts of found.
18.. Glass-making 120 The success of the subsequent melting or found.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
foundn.3
A comb-maker's tool (see quot. 1874).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > other files
jack file1678
knife-file1683
pillar file1683
using-file1683
carlet1688
grail1688
screw-rasp1688
riffler1797
quannet1809
safe edge1815
cross-cut1831
saw-file1846
shouldering file1846
warding file1846
found1874
side file1874
cant-filea1877
pin bone1936
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 909 Found, a three-square, single-cut file or float, with one very acute angle.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
foundadj.
/faʊnd/, U.S. /faʊnd/ 1.
a. Of a child: that has been exposed or abandoned; esp. in found child (brat, etc.) = foundling n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > foundling
found child (brat, etc.)eOE
foundlinga1300
strodlingc1490
woods colt1895
temple-foundling1905
eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) xxvi. 22 (heading) Be fundenes cildes fostre.
lOE Laws of Ine (Rochester) xxvi. 100 To fundenes [eOE Corpus Cambr. 173 fundes] cyldes fostre, ðy forman geare gesylle vi scillinga.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 4598 Ne shulde no gentil kniȝth..norissh no founden wiȝth.
1557–8 in R. Adam Edinb. Rec. (1899) I. 237 To Agnes Fleming..for keiping of the found barnis.
1637 tr. Valentine & Orson xii. 58 They call me Found-brat.
1637 tr. Valentine & Orson xii. 55 This Found-fellow I perceiue growes in great fauour with the king.
1662 W. Petty Treat. Taxes 4 The maintenance of orphans, found and exposed children.
1729 in W. B. Bannerman Parish Reg. Abington, Surrey (1907) 46 Burials..Sarah a found Child 25 Feb.
1848 Churchman's Compan. Mar. 155 Joe told the story of the found baby.
1877 Boy's Herald 17 Feb. 110/1 A found child and a lost dog are made for friends.
1920 Sci. Amer. 10 Jan. 35/1 One bereaved mother accepted as hers and kept for several days a found baby which turned out to have disappeared from another home altogether.
1998 A. Trager tr. A. A. Schützenberger Ancestor Syndrome ix. 90 Freud described ‘family romances’ as being an expression of a subject's fantasies concerning his links with his parents, imagining, for example, that he was a found child..or a child stolen by the gypsies.
2009 Ancestry Jan. 38/1 When taken into care—an anonymous process—a child would be recorded in the registers of found children.
b. That has been come across or discovered by chance or as the result of searching or enquiry; encountered, ascertained. Also: †invented, contrived (obsolete).Frequently with adverb prefixed, as †rare found.new found: see new-found adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [adjective] > ascertained
foundOE
ascertained1858
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > [adjective] > found or discovered
foundOE
invent?1520
discovered1537
invented?1541
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Otho) (1900) iii. xxxvii. 252 Lede he beforan hy þone fundenan hlaf.
a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 347 But ȝif he took more charge upon him bi his newe foundun ordenaunce.
c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 233 Also the founden shepe broght home þat arst was lorne.
?1549 J. Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. vii. p. cxi As godd Argumentes shalt thow fynd in them, to disproue, as to proue, the thinges that this late found Catholicke churche of the deuill, would stablyshe.
1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xxiv. sig. Ee iij v The square of the Dodecaedrons founde side.
1592 T. Rogers tr. Thomas à Kempis Soliloquium Animae viii. 54 Neither straight-waie doth he cast his phiall vpon the ground to draw vp vanitie: but hideth the founde treasure, and shutteth it vnder lock and keie.
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises i. App. f. 44v Double the foresaid found roote 13.
1602 Contention Liberalitie & Prodigalitie Prol. sig. A3 The graue Diuine calles for Diuinitie; The Ciuell student, for Philosophie: The Courtier craues some rare found historie: The baser sort, for knacks of pleasantrie.
1687 T. Byfield (title) A short and plain account of the late-found Balsamick Wells at Hoxdon.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 220 Our lost, but now found Comrade.
1745 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman VI. ii. 116 Why a found Swarm of Bees seldom proves successful to the Finder of them.
1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 68 Multiplying the above-found quantities by the square of the diameter.
a1823 May Collin in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 58/1 Who owns this dapple grey? ‘It is a found one’, she replied, ‘That I got on the way.’
1867 Once a Week 6 July 134/2 A pleasant drive, with a chance-found companion, a native of Auray, took me back to that town.
1899 Harper's Weekly 28 Oct. 1086/2 The latest-found gold-mines are already and unequivocally in British territory.
1915 St. Nicholas June 757/2 He remembered Mums saying that a found thing never belonged to the finder.
1991 N.Y. Times 17 May b4/3 They pretend to consult a nearby lawyer or bank executive, who says they can divide the found money if they first show they have money of their own.
2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 19 Feb. a21/5 Columbia had more than its share of repair problems.., removals from the launching pad to fix late-found problems.
c.
(a) Art. Esp. of surrealist art: comprising or making use of elements that have been collected in their natural state or taken from their original contexts and presented in a new context as (part of) a work of art. Also of a material, sound, document, etc., used in this way. Cf. earlier found object n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [adjective] > relating to found object
found1966
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [adjective] > sculptured or carved > in specific material
petrified1635
found1989
1966 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Mar. 249/1 As for ‘Found Art’—almost anything goes. In its relief constructions all kinds of junk can be converted into an art expression and fixed firmly with plaster spackle mixture.
1969 Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S.) 799/3 A sculpture of fabric, wood, and other found material.
1989 Mod. Painters Autumn 89/3 He constructs his sculpture in steel and bronze, from a stock of found or made elements. He takes this ‘vocabulary’ of parts, sometimes limited, sometimes wide-ranging, and brings it together, changing, cutting and adding until the sculpture is ‘found’.
1990 Village Voice (N.Y.) 10 Nov. 104/1 ‘Wrap-up’ in Lyotard's own voice..is written in the borrowed voice of this ‘foreigner’ and presented as a found document.
1998 K. Eshun More Brilliant than Sun ii. 14 This new conceptual technology or conceptechnics presupposes that the decks have become a state of mind for the dj... The turntables, the Technics desk, become a subjectivity engine generating a stereophonics, a hifi consciousness of the head, wholly turned in and turned on by the found noise of vinyl degeneration that hears scratches, crackle, fuzz, hiss and static as lead instruments.
2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Sept. c20/1 ‘Bad art’—or ‘vernacular painting’ and ‘found art’ in polite circles—has achieved the status of a genre, a tiny but devoted corner of the art world.
(b) In extended use, of poetry: created by taking words, phrases, or passages from a pre-existing source, and recasting them in poetic form.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > other types of poem > [adjective] > found
found1966
1966 Maclean's 2 May 22/1 ‘Found poems’ aren't a new idea: William Butler Yeats produced one thirty years ago from the prose of essayist Walter Pater.
1967 N.Y. Times 11 June (Books section) 2/1 The objet trouvé, that rogue of 20th-century art, is now crashing literature under the name ‘Found Poetry’.
1969 Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S.) 799/3 Found poem, a poem consisting of words found in a nonpoetic context (as a telephone directory) and usually rearranged by the poet into poetic form; found poetry.
1979 Sci. Amer. Sept. 23/3 About a dozen years ago there was a minor flurry of interest in ‘found poetry’.
1980 C. Ricks in L. Michaels & C. B. Ricks State of Lang. 59 We live in an age which delights in objets trouvés and in found poems.
2011 Guardian 11 June 32/5 The litany of moths..reads like a found poem about sensual pleasure.
2. With prefixed modifying word. Provided with stores, supplies, or the like. Chiefly of a ship: equipped. Now rare except in well-found adj. 2. single found: provided with one of each item.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [adjective] > provided or supplied with something > with everything provided
found1758
all found1884
all in1930
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [adjective] > fitted out or equipped
found1758
1758 W. Alexander Conduct of Major Gen. Shirley 109 A Vessel of 12 Guns in the same Condition, and in as bad Order; two small ones of 6 Cannon, of the Bigness of Swivels in Carriages, and as badly found as the large ones.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §94 A strong and very well found sloop.
1799 Naval Chron. 1 216 Her materials were what is called single found, i.e. she had only one anchor, one cable, etc.
1857 R. Tomes Americans in Japan ii. 35 The strongest-moored and best found vessels.
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. ii. 144 The garrison is large, and well found.
1900 H. F. Whitfield Plymouth & Devonport 210 A privateer without tar, pitch or paint, and wholly uncaulked. ‘Single-found’ in every respect, the poverty-stricken visitor nevertheless resisted boarding her for over four hours.
1929 Times 22 Aug. 13/3 He sailed, he told his audience yesterday, in vessels that were scandalously unseaworthy, rotten, leaky, badly found, badly manned, with crews abominably fed.
1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 606/1 Parish-rig, a poorly found ship or an ill-clothed man.
Phrases
lost and found: designating a place where found articles are kept for collection, or an advertisement that announces them. Also as n.: a lost and found office; (in plural) lost(s) and founds: advertisements of found articles.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > advertising in the press > [noun] > types of press advertisement
lost1762
lost(s) and founds1777
small advertisement1811
blind advertisement1842
want advertisementa1871
reading notice1872
small ad1875
want ad1892
classified1909
smalls1919
tombstone1948
tele ad1967
matrimonials1989
1777 Public Advertiser 14 Aug. 1/2 The Lost and Found Office. One certain, central Place, is now opened in Chancery-Lane..where every unfortunate Loser, and every generous Finder..may..immediately recover, or restore, every Kind of Property lost or found.
1818 ‘W. H. Scott’ Brit. Field Sports 337 Competitors who wish to hear news of them, may apply at the lost and found Office.
1852 J. B. Jones Spanglers & Tingles i. 47 ‘Maybe they can be found again,’ said Aunt Silvy, taking up the paper... ‘They would not be advertised so soon,’ said Mr. T... ‘I'm not looking for the losts and founds,’ said Aunt Silvy.
1859 Law Times 12 Nov. 83/1 The following advertisement appears daily in ‘the lost and found’ column of the Times.
1905 Munsey's Mag. 34 179/2 To get the child home—then..what? Advertise him in the lost-and-found columns?..Try to find his father?
1913 G. B. Dibblee Newspaper 126 The most important groups of classified advertising are as follows: financial, theatrical, public notices, losts and founds, educational.
1937 Life 1 Nov. 132/2 Dad Price, for 17 years a skate keeper at Oak Park, Portland, is a walking lost and found department.
1965 A. Ginsberg Let. 20 Aug. (2008) 307 We've found your notebook, if you'll come to lost and found with us and identify it we'll return it to you.
2007 R. Bachman Blaze 134 He and Blaze..opened it to the classified ads. John said that was the place to look. The lost and founds.
Compounds
found footage n. (a) older or historical filmed material re-used in a new context; (b) fictional filmed material presented as if it were previously undiscovered documentary or factual footage, esp. as a film subgenre.
ΚΠ
1973 Monthly Film Bull. Jan. 252/2 Hartog uses the ‘found’ footage as a direct basis for the form of his film.
1976 Film Q. Autumn 62/1 An interesting corollary to the ‘found footage’ aspect of this volume of the Diaries is the progression created by the very material condition of its disparate original ‘sources’.
1997 I. Sinclair Lights out for Territory (1998) 320 His documentaries moved closer and closer to found footage: off-cuts, bin ends, insolvent surrealism.
1999 Philadelphia Enquirer (Nexis) 11 July f1 Evidence that there's a ton of bogus in this hocus-pocus doesn't come until the final credits, when Sanchez and Myrick are cited for writing, directing and editing the ‘found’ footage.
2013 Daily Tel. 18 Jan. 26/6 The found-footage horror subgenre just won't die, so here's a promising way to justify it: a movie in which various snuff tapes are unearthed in a basement and watched one at a time.
found money n. an amount of money obtained unexpectedly, easily, or undeservedly.
ΚΠ
1849 Bentley's Misc. Jan. 63 The accredited envoy from Middleham Moor..lays him the odds as ‘found money.’
1963 N.Y. Times 30 Dec. 14 l/1 A Christmas check is found money, conjuring up pleasant extravagances beyond the normal budget range.
2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 3 Sept. v. 7/6 Treat the ‘found money’ with the same respect as earned money and you'll be happier with your spending decisions.
found object n. [after French (objet) trouvé : see objet trouvé n.] an object that has been collected in its natural state or taken from its original context and presented in a new context as (part of) a work of art.Quot. 1936 refers to a sculpture by Paul Nash with the title ‘Found Object Interpreted’, exhibited at the London Surrealist Exhibition in June 1936.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > types of > found object
found object1936
objet trouvé1936
1936 Archit. Rev. 80 207/2 Objects, particularly those recognized as Natural, Found or Ready Made, must now be regarded as a new source of ornament and decoration... It was The Times who said of my Found object..that ‘it must have been an awkward thing to have knocking around in the unconscious’.
1939 Archit. Rev. 85 301 The accompanying ‘collages’ demonstrate a new use for the Object, particularly the Found Object (l'objet trouvé of surrealist invention).
1959 P. Murray & L. Murray Dict. Art & Artists 112 In Surrealist theory an object of any kind, such as a shell found on a walk, can be a work of art; and such ‘Found Objects’ have been exhibited.
1978 Chicago June 62/1 Paintings of rocks, postcardlike landscapes, and smudged-out faces, often combined with photos, found objects, scrawled messages etc.
2002 New Yorker 18 Nov. 14/1 Directors Steve Bodow and John Collins tinker with the famous ghost story by incorporating found objects, such as a plastic lobster, a fake moustache, and a Magic Marker.
found stone n. †(a) a stone used as part of the foundations of a structure (obsolete rare); (b) a stone obtained from the surface of the ground without quarrying; also as mass noun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > other stones
loys1295
anthracites1535
rockstone?1545
stone-glass1585
milkstone1598
fieldstone1649
pebble1669
ballstone1726
grain-stone1756
knablick1757
found stone1800
sitfast1809
graptolite1838
bumble1839
hardhead1849
chock1894
chockstone1894
1800 J. Thomson Gen. View Agric. in Fife App. 397 A dry stone-dike.., two feet wide at the bottom, contracted three inches on each side above the found stones.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 421 The covering is to be effected with strong pavement..or with rough found-stones.
2009 U.S. Catholic Historian 27 110 Rough found-stones from nearby hills are used as censors for sweet grass and receptacles for holy water.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† foundv.1
Obsolete.
1.
a. intransitive. To set out, start, hasten; to go, depart, betake oneself; to travel, journey. (In its later use chiefly northern) Cf. fand v. 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > go on a journey
ferec950
foundOE
sitheOE
to come upOE
comeOE
undernimc1275
to take or make (a, the, or one's) voyage1297
travelc1300
journeyc1330
to take one's waya1375
reisea1387
to fare a waya1400
voyage1477
wayfare1534
peregrinate1593
sojourn1608
to fare a voyage1609
to journey itc1680
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
stroke1823
trek1850
peruse1895
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
OE Seafarer 47 Ac a hafað longunge se þe on lagu fundað.
c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxvi. 224 And lædde forð mid him þær he fundode to.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 117 Ðo þe ure louerd ihesu crist fundede lichamliche fro eorðe to heuene.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2958 Ðis folc of londe funden ne mot.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 6034 Þe folk to fond [Vesp. fund, Fairf. founde] i sal giue leue.
c1440 York Myst. ix. 80 I am nouȝt bowne to fonde nowe ouer þere ffellis.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 256 And syne our all the land can found.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 32 Nane off that place had power for to found.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 435 With clarions cleir..Quhomeof the sound did found attouir the fell.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 182 Spangs vp on a swofte horse, and founde away at speid.
b. followed by infinitive expressing the purpose.
ΚΠ
OE Beowulf 1819 We fundiaþ Higelac secan.
OE Genesis 2271 Hwider fundast þu..siðas dreogan?
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5091 To fotte mi fader sal yee fund.
c. To rush or dash forcibly into; to strike out at (with a weapon).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > violently
break851
foundc1420
enter1567
burst1570
intrude1594
raid1875
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > strike at
swipc1380
lasha1400
foundc1420
drivec1540
dent1580
tilt1589
snap1631
spar1755
peg1828
slap1842
c1420 Anturs of Arth. xli He foundes into the freke with a fresche fare.
c1420 Anturs of Arth. xlvii Fast he foundes atte his face With a squrd kene.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 2369 But lordys of other lond, Euery one to other ffond.
2. to found to (an object): to strive or yearn towards, try to arrive at or reach; also, to take or betake oneself to (flight, war, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt to obtain or attain
to found toOE
keepc1000
seekc1000
throwa1393
minta1400
intentc1450
to try for1534
sue1548
attempt?c1550
reachc1571
assay1595
put1596
to lay in for1599
climba1616
captate1628
court1639
obseek1646
solicit1717
to make a bid for1885
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)] > specifically a course of action
runOE
goOE
drawc1275
to found to1352
resorta1425
tirvec1425
to fall on ——1634
to fall into ——1668
to fall back on1777
OE Guthlac A 6 Nu þu most feran þider þu fundadest longe ond gelome.
OE Guthlac B 1089 Þær min hyht myneð to gesecenne, sawul fundað of licfate to þam longan gefean in eadwelan.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 848 And techest hom that hi fundieth honne Up to the songe that evre i-lest.
1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) i. 12 When Edward founded first to were.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10276 Þai foundyt to flight.
3.
a. Const. with infinitive (a development from 1b): To set about, set oneself, try, begin or prepare (to do something); to proceed or go on (to do).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)]
found12..
to take on (also upon) one(self)a1300
assay1330
study1340
to put (also lay, set, etc.) one's hand to the ploughc1384
intendc1385
pressc1390
to put oneself in pressc1390
gatherc1400
undertakec1405
sayc1425
to fall in hand with (also to do (something))c1450
setc1485
obligea1500
essay?1515
attend1523
supprise1532
to set in foot1542
enterprise1547
address1548
to set in hand1548
prove1612
to make it one's businessa1628
engage1646
embark1647
bend1694
to take hold1868
12.. Prayer to our Lady 7 in Old Eng. Misc. 192 Dai and nicht ich fundie to wendende heonne.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8911 Vther..fundede to uarene wið Passent to fehten.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2831 Moyses frigti ðo funden gan To speken wið ietro ðat riche man.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 53 He foundede [v.rr. fonded, vondede] biseliche..to fulfille [L. implere satagebat] þe counsail of the gospel.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 203 On hors sum-part..can thame found To socour thaim.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xv. 178 If thou wyll saue thyself vnshent, Fownde the fast to fare.
1691 J. Ray Glossarium Northanhymbricum in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 141 Found, idem quod Fettle [Fettle, to set or go about any thing].
b. with clause: To try to find how (one may, etc.).
ΚΠ
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 139 [He] foundeth howe he might excite The juges through his eloquence Fro deth to torne the sentence.
4. transitive.
a. To try, test, tempt (a person).
ΚΠ
c1175 [see founding n. at Derivatives]. c1475 [see founding n. at Derivatives].
b. To make experiment of, prove, try (something); also, to follow after, practise.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > try, test [verb (transitive)]
cuneOE
afondOE
found1340
searcha1382
experiment1481
experience1541
probe1542
try1545
invent1548
sound1589
to bring or put to the test1594
plumb1599
to feel out1600
essay1656
test1748
plumb-line1875
to try out1888
the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > practise or carry on [verb (transitive)]
doeOE
followOE
holda1100
found1340
exercec1374
enhaunta1382
usea1398
proceed1399
apply?c1400
practise?c1430
exercise1467
takea1500
plya1513
enure1549
prosecute1567
inurea1577
manage1579
to stand on ——1599
to carry on1638
cultivate1654
the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > make experiment of or with [verb (transitive)]
afondc1300
assailc1300
found1340
assay1377
taste1382
experiment1524
experience1541
try1545
attempt1563
practise1632
explore1667
experimentate1670
to taste of1700
to try out1888
to try (something)(on) for size1979
fand-
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 392 Alle leccheries lust vs loþeth to founde.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 913 And oþur wordliche werk wisly to founde.
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 241 Ferther wol I neuer founde Non other help, my sores for to sounde.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1137 But malthes colde in other crafte thou founde.
Derivatives
ˈfounding n. (a) setting forth, faring, etc.; (b) trial, temptation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] > temptation
foundingOE
flattering?c1225
tempting1303
temptation1340
impugnation1398
fanda1400
triala1557
attempt1611
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > [noun] > setting out
foundingOE
partingc1300
outgoing?c1335
buskinga1400
way-gangingc1485
profectiona1538
departure1540
waygoinga1600
way-ganga1628
upcoming1654
outsettinga1698
setting-out1711
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1106 Forþam þe he nolde on his fundunge ofer sæ hired healdan.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 67 Ne led us noht in to costnunga, þet is an cun [printed cum] of fun~dunga.
a1400–50 Alexander 4154 Þe writhe of þe wale god I wate on vs liȝtis For oure founding ouire his forbod so ferre to þe est.
c1450 Guy Warw. (C) 4486 He was tryste in all fowndynge.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 87 Þe createris of God are maad in to hate, & foundingis [Vulg. Sap. xiv. 11 in tentationem] to þe soul of men.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
foundv.2
/faʊnd/, U.S. /faʊnd/ 1.
a. transitive. To lay the base or substructure of (a building, etc.); to set, fix, or build on a firm ground or base. (Sometimes used simply = build, erect.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > lay foundations
grounda1300
foundc1330
groundsel1486
lay1594
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1443 Tel me now..Whi noman no may founde Castel here opon þis grounde.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vii. 25 It felle nat doun, for it was foundid [a1425 L.V. foundun] on a stoon.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame iii. 891 Yet hit [the house] is founded to endure.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 7876 Dauid..an hous bigon to founde.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4156 A sturdy wal, Which on a cragge was founded al.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. vii. 25.
1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) II. 97 The House..is..solidly built and founded.
b. To serve as the base or foundation of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > low position > put in low position [verb (transitive)] > have position under > constitute the base of
support1548
substrate1578
solea1643
floor1698
found1728
base1858
under-floor1884
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [verb (transitive)] > serve as foundation of
found1728
1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 130 A folio Common-place Founds the whole pyle, of all his works the base.
2. To build (an edifice, town, etc.) for the first time; to begin the building of, be the first builder of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > a town, etc.
foundc1290
seat1612
c1290 Becket 374 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 117 Þe churche of Redinge Þat i-founded was and a-rerd þoruȝ henri þe oþur kingue.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 62 That is the castel of care..Ther-inne woneth a wiht..he foundede it him-seluen.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11662 Here foundit he first the faire place Ylion.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. vii. 17 Seleucia, founded and built by King Seleucus.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 432 I founded palaces, and planted bowers.
1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. ii. 58 His son Lycaon founds the first city, Lycosura.
3. † b. To endow, make provision for the maintenance of (persons who are to perform certain functions). Obsolete.
a. figurative. To set up or establish for the first time (an institution, etc.), esp. with provision for its perpetual maintenance; to originate, create, initiate (something which continues to exist thenceforward).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish
arear?a800
astellc885
planteOE
i-set971
onstellOE
rightOE
stathelOE
raisec1175
stofnec1175
stablea1300
morec1300
ordainc1325
fermc1330
foundc1330
instore1382
instituec1384
establec1386
firmc1425
roota1450
steadfastc1450
establishc1460
institute1483
to set up1525
radicate1531
invent1546
constitute1549
ordinate1555
rampire1555
upset1559
stay1560
erect1565
makea1568
settle1582
stablish1590
seminarize1593
statuminatea1628
hain1635
bottom1657
haft1755
start1824
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 127 He lis..In an abbey of pris he founded with lond & rent.
1368 in Eng. Gilds 54 In septembre þis fraternite is funded and stabeled.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 215 Alle thise sciences I my-self sotiled and ordeyned And founded hem formest folke to deceyue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20901 Quen he of antioche had fund þe kirk.
c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xix For þeras oþer kynges haue ffounded byshopriches..þe kyng shall þan haue ffounded an holl reaume, and endowed it with gretter possescions [etc.].
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. ii. 13 He founding a librarie. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 294 By great Arsaces led, who founded first That Empire. View more context for this quotation
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 413. ¶5 The Breed is incapable of propagating its Likeness, and of founding a new Order of Creatures.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Rom. ii. 18 That city where he had founded a church.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 74 The abbey of Marmontier, founded by St. Martin himself.
1861 H. S. Maine Anc. Law v. 113 The Glossators who founded modern jurisprudence.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 218 Flemish weavers had come over with the Conqueror to found the prosperity of Norwich.
1885 Manch. Examiner 8 June 5/2 Bismarck is eager to found colonies in all parts of the world.
1892 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. (new ed.) I. 169 De Foe founded the modern school of English novelists.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide means of support for
findc1225
sustainc1300
found1377
keep1377
maintainc1405
sustent?a1425
support1493
uphold1546
subsist1547
escota1616
fend1637
aliment1660
run1871
grub-stake1879
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xv. 319 And ȝiueth to bidde for ȝow to such that ben riche, And ben founded and feffed eke to bidde for other.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail liii. l. 309 Kyng Galaaz..fownded An hows of the Trenite, And there-Inne Syxty Monkes serteinle, and therto fownded hem with good Inowhe.
c1500 Melusine (1895) lix. 361 Yf thou wylt edyfye an hospital, and founde therin a preste to syng dayly for thy faders sowle.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings xxiii. 5 The Kemurims, whom the kynges of Iuda had founded, to burne incense vpon the hye places.
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxiv. 94 Gilbert..who founded those Diuines, Monasticks all that were, of him nam'd Gilbertines.
4. † c. with object a person: To establish in a firm position (in controversy, etc.); to ground in (a subject of instruction, etc.); also reflexive to take one's stand upon (a ground for argument, etc.). Obsolete.
a. To set or establish (something immaterial) on a firm basis; to give a basis or firm support to; to construct as on a ground or underlying reason or principle; to base, ground. Const. on, upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > in or on something
to stand on ——eOE
fastc1275
found1390
to stand upon ——a1393
build1528
relya1633
found1667
base1776
premise1881
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 342 Lo, what it is to be well grounded, For he hath first his love founded Honestelich as for to wedde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 127 Þar-for þis werc sal i fund Apon a selcuth stedfast grund.
a1400–50 Alexander 4641 Pure is ȝoure tecches, Mare fonden opon foly þan ficchid on reson.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Aii Therfore on it I founde this pore treatyse.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iv. 93 A man that all his time, Hath founded his good fortunes on your loue. View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. v. §5 The question which Moses supposeth, is founded upon clear and evident reason.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 162. ¶6 The most humourous Character in Horace is founded upon this Unevenness of Temper.
1850 L. Hunt Autobiogr. I. ii. 77 A play founded on a Barbadian story.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. iii. 85 Greatness can never be founded upon frivolity and corruption.
1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. ii. 42 A classification of insects founded on larvæ would be quite different from that founded on the perfect insects.
1886 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 31 626 The order appealed from was founded on the Chief Clerk's certificate.
1897 N.E.D. at Found Mod. This novel is believed to be founded on fact.
b. const. in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > in or on something
to stand on ——eOE
fastc1275
found1390
to stand upon ——a1393
build1528
relya1633
found1667
base1776
premise1881
1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety xvii. 383 The Opinion of some Schoolmen that dominion is founded in Grace.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. i. ix. §97 A right to the use of the creatures being founded originally in the right a man has to subsist.
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 109 God, in the Nature of each Being, founds Its proper Bliss.
1832 G. C. Lewis Remarks Use & Abuse Polit. Terms iii. 21 A claim founded in justice and expediency.
1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. viii. 591 Remarks so delicate in taste and so founded in knowledge.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > ground or initiate
foundc1394
groundc1405
introduce1475
induce1490
enter?1529
institutea1538
flesh1591
induct1603
initiate1603
principle1608
elementa1639
foundation1661
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > assure, make certain [verb (transitive)] > make firm, establish
i-fastc950
tailc1315
terminea1325
foundc1394
stablish1447
terminate?a1475
tailyec1480
to lay down1493
ascertain1494
bishop1596
salve1596
pitch1610
assign1664
determinate1672
settle1733
to set at rest1826
definitize1876
cinch1900
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > render certain [verb (reflexive)] > be firm
found1643
c1394 P. Pl. Crede 47 It is but a faynt folk i-founded vp-on iapes.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. viii. 81 This knewe they by their grete..vnderstandyng of astronomye in whiche they were endowed and founded.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 162/2 He was ryght sore founded in humylyte.
1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §43 They that found themselves on the radical balsome, or vital sulphur of the parts, determine not why Abel lived not so long as Adam. View more context for this quotation
1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 2 Because our understanding cannot in this body found it selfe but on sensible things.
1677 A. Marvell Let. 3 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 292 If you find your selues so firmly founded as we imagine you.
d. Of a thing: To serve as, or furnish, a basis or ground for.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > form a base or foundation for [verb (transitive)]
base1587
found1690
underride1953
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxvii. 162 The comparing them then in their descent..is enough to found my Notion of their having..the Relation of Brothers.
1885 B. Coleridge in Law Times Rep. 52 585/1 The relationship between the parties was..one of bailment, and therefore could not found criminal proceedings.
1894 Solicitors' Jrnl. 39 2/2 The further report, if it is to found jurisdiction for an order for public examination, must state that [etc.].
e. intransitive (for reflexive: cf. 4c). To base oneself or one's opinion, to base itself, to be based (on, upon). Chiefly Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > be based [verb (intransitive)]
rise1530
radicate1602
bottoma1640
found1837
to be deeply seated1871
root1882
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. v. 43 All Delineation,..must either found on Belief and provable Fact, or have no foundation at all.
a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. vi. 99 The legitimacy of every synthesis is..dependent on the legitimacy of the analysis which it presupposes, and on which it founds.
1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith v. ii. 311 All that course of argumentation which founds on the occurrences of the outward World.
1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) (at cited word) ‘I found upon the evidence of my senses’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)]
fastenOE
fasta1225
tachec1315
to-seta1340
catcha1350
affichea1382
to put ona1382
tacka1387
to put to1396
adjoina1400
attach?a1400
bend1399
spyndec1400
to-tachc1400
affixc1448
complexc1470
setc1480
attouch1483
found?1541
obligate1547
patch1549
alligate1563
dight1572
inyoke1595
infixa1616
wreathe1643
adlige1650
adhibit1651
oblige1656
adent1658
to bring to1681
engage1766
superfix1766
to lap on1867
accrete1870
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Dijv The bone..wherto the tongue is founded.
a1639 S. Marmion Antiquary iii, in Dram. Wks. (1875) 240 I see you are growing obdurate in your crimes, Founded to vice, lost to all piety.
Derivatives
ˈfounding n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding
fasteningeOE
stablishinga1300
groundingc1380
stablingc1380
ordinancec1384
establishingc1400
foundationc1400
fundament1440
stablishment1444
institutionc1460
upsetting1470
erection1508
instituting1534
foundingc1540
erecting1553
constitution1582
establishment1596
plantation1605
instauration1614
institute1641
bottoming1642
ordaining1643
settlement1646
planting1702
incardination1897
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > action of
maintaininga1387
finding1389
supporting1431
founding1697
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy v. (heading) Of the Foundyng of New Troye.
a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 41 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Some twenty five yeeres before the founding of Armagh.
1682 A. Wood Life 20 Mar. The vice-chancellor asked ‘whether they denied the founding of the lecture itself, or the conditions?’
1697 Conf. at Lambeth in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 40 Particularly, the word founding, which is always the Law Word for a perpetual fund of maintenance, is always put into these Revenues.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 115 When first the question rose About the founding of a Table Round.
1889 Athenæum 9 Feb. 178/2 [He dies] a ‘Poor Brother’ in the hospital of his own founding.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
foundv.3
/faʊnd/, U.S. /faʊnd/ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)]
mingeOE
blandOE
mongle?c1225
meddlec1350
sprengea1382
compoundc1384
intermeddlec1384
temperc1386
mell1387
found?c1390
joinc1400
intermell1413
commix?a1425
medley?a1425
mix?a1425
amenge?c1450
immix?a1475
immixt?a1475
minglea1475
tremp1480
commixt1481
incarry1486
mixtionc1500
mixta1513
demelle1516
confect1540
intermixt1551
intermingle1555
bemix1559
intermix1562
contemper1567
blenge1570
bemingle1574
contemperate1590
masha1591
commeddle1604
immingle1606
blenda1616
intemper1627
commingle1648
conferment1651
subigate1657
to mix up1672
mould1701
meine1736
caudle1795
combine1799
interblenda1849
inmix1892
meld1936
?c1390 Form of Cury in Warner Antiq. Culin. 18 Take wyne and hony and fond it togyder.
2.
a. To melt (metal) and run it into a mould; to form (an article) by running molten metal into a mould; to cast.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > found or cast (object)
blowc1000
yetOE
cast1496
found1562
run1690
pour1873
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > found or cast (object) > found or cast (metal)
yeta1387
cast1512
found1562
1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 44v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre The pottes..may also serue to found metalles in.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxiv. ii. 487 Famous for metall~founding, and casting of images.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 703 A second multitude With wondrous Art founded the massie Ore. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 518 Veins..of Mineral..Whereof to found..thir Balls Of missive ruin. View more context for this quotation
1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 6 Lead, when moulded into Bullets, is not so mortal as when founded into Letters!
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 93 A bell at Moscow, founded in Czar Boris's time.
b. To melt or fuse (the materials for making glass); to make (glass) by melting the materials in a furnace.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > glass-making > make glass [verb (transitive)] > specific processes
nip1559
scald1662
found1783
deliver1809
frit1832
gather1839
to wet off, up1849
marver1852
platten1875
matt1885
1783 [see founding n. at Derivatives].
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 907 A Bohemian furnace in which..window glass is founded.
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 914 The fourth is called the arch of the materials, because it serves for drying them before they are founded.
c. figurative. (? A pun: cf. found v.2 3b.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > fashion, shape, or form > something immaterial
shapea1300
founda1625
a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 46 A fellow founded out of Charity, And moulded to the height contemne his maker, Curbe the free hand that fram'd him?
Derivatives
ˈfounding n. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting
yotinga1382
castinga1398
yote1474
found1540
foundry1601
casta1616
foundinga1657
font1754
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > [noun] > specific processes
annealing1662
snip-work1703
founding1783
glass-blowing1829
nibbling1850
lamp-working1925
a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 156 The magnificent Acts [read Arts] of Statuarie, Founding, Mowlding.
1779 F. Hervey et al. Naval Hist. Great Brit. II. iii. 50 Ship-building, and the founding of iron cannon, were the sole [arts] in which the English excelled.
1783 J. Wedgwood in Philos. Trans. 1782 (Royal Soc.) 72 320 The fonding heat of the glass furnaces..was..114° for flint-glass.
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 908 The founding-pots are filled up with these blocks of frit.
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 917 These three stages are called the first, second, and third fusion or founding.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† foundv.4
Obsolete.
transitive. = confound v.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [verb (transitive)] > oaths other than religious or obscene
confoundc1330
founda1382
hanga1400
whip1609
rat1691
fire1730
repique1760
curse1761
blow1781
blister1840
sugar1886
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xlvi. 8 Remembreth this, and beth foundid [L. confundamini].
1599 George a Greene sig. F3 A plague found you.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
<
n.11818n.21540
n.31874
adj.eOEv.1OE
v.2c1290
v.3?c1390v.4a1382