Freemasonn.

Brit.

/ˈfriːˌmeɪsn/, U.S.

/ˈfriˌmeɪs(ə)n/

Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and mason n.¹ Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: free adj., mason n.¹

Etymology: < free adj. + mason n.¹, probably originally after freestone n. Compare post-classical Latin sculptores lapidum liberorum carvers of free stones (1212 in a British source), mazoni..ad eligendum et scapliendum liberam petram masons to select and trim free stone (1256 in a British source), caementarius libere petre mason of free stone (1341 in a British source), liber caementarius free mason (1438 in a British source), Anglo-Norman une mesoun..de pere fraunche a mason of free stone (1313), mestre mason de franche peer master mason of free stone (1350). Compare later freestone mason n. at freestone n. and adj. Compounds 2. Compare also roughmason n.Attested earlier as a surname: Nicholas le Fremason (1325), John le Fremassoun (1332).

1. A member of a certain class of skilled workers in stone. Now historical except as merged in sense 2.In the late medieval and early modern period the term is often mentioned in contradistinction to other types of mason, as rough mason, layer (see layer n. 1b), etc., evidently to denote masons who specialized in the carving of freestone. It survived in non-historical use until the late 18th cent., but in later contexts it seems often to be used merely as a more complimentary synonym of ‘mason’, implying that the workman so designated belonged to a superior grade.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with stone > [noun] > mason of superior grade

Freemason1376

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with stone > [noun]

masonc1275

hardhewer1448

masoner1492

Freemason1504

freestone mason1649

stonemason1758

stone-worker1898

stoneman1912

1376 in D. Knoop & G. P. Jones Genesis of Freemasonry (1947) i. 12 Fre masons [written against two names in Letter-Book H of the City of London; the entry has been struck through and replaced by another in which ‘masons’ alone is used].

1380 Patent Roll, 3 Richard II 6 Apr. (P.R.O.: C 66/306) m. 6 Tot latomos tam latomos vocatos fremasons quam latomos positores.

1396 Charter Rich. II (Sloane 4595) in Masonic Mag. (1882) 341 Concessimus..archiepiscopo Cantuar. quod..viginti et quatuor lathomos vocatos ffre Maceons et viginti et quatuor lathomos vocatos ligiers..capere..possit.

a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) 656 (MED) Take on þy honde squyer and scantlon As þou were a free mason [c1300 Cambr. gud Mascun].

?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 333 (MED) Men of sutel craft, as fre masons..conspiren togidere þat no man of here craft..schal do ouȝt but only hewe stone.

1445 Rolls of Parl. (2005) V. 112/2 Þe wages of eny free mason or maister carpenter, excede not by the day .iiij. d. with mete and drynk..rough mason and meen carpenter..by the day .iij. d. with mete and drynk.

1484–6 Churchwardens' Accts. Wigtoft, Lincs. in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 80 Paide to Will'm Whelpdale, fremason, for makyng of the crosse in ye chirchrth.

1495 Rolls of Parl. (2005) VI. 508 A freemason, maister carpenter, rough mason, brickleyer [etc.].

1504 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 104 To John Dealtry, fremason, xs.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. CCCiii The free mason setteth his prentyse firste long tyme to lerne to hewe stones.

1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 15 §3 No Person..shall..lett or disturbe any Fre mason, rough mason, carpenter, bricklayer.

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises sig. A4 In free Masons craft, in Ioyners craft.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 81 Who seeth not, that it were farre better the Maister Worke men, free Masons, and Carpenters might bee spared, then the true labouring Husbandman?

1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iv. 97 Encountring the difficulties of the Free-Mason.

1723 London Gaz. No. 6195/6 John Lane..Free-Mason.

1781 Bristol Poll-bk. 4 Dymock William free-mason and carver.

1831 G. Henson Civil Hist. Framework-knitters iv. 120 The masons in England, even so late as the year 1680, were known by the terms of free mason, rough mason, hard hewer, and quarry men. The free mason carved on stone..or else worked on particular fine work.

1887 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 2 97 The masons, or free-masons, were probably regarded with peculiar disfavor on account of their curious solemnities.

1955 Econ. Jrnl. 65 299 The craft included two main branches, hewers or free masons who dressed and carved the stone, and layers or rough masons who fixed it in position.

1970 H. Braun Parish Churches vii. 83 Much of the walling of our parish churches is..worked not by freemasons but by wallers.

1990 M. Martin Keys of this Blood vi. xxviii. 521 Freemasons were quite separate from other stoneworkers.

2. A member of a (now international) society established for mutual help and fellowship, whose traditions and rituals make symbolic use of or reference to the tools of medieval stonemasons (notably the square and compasses). Cf. masonic adj. 1.Like other craft organizations of the period, many medieval associations of masons, whose members included freemasons (in sense 1), had developed elaborate secret rituals for imparting the knowledge of their craft and for the initiation of new members; these continued to evolve during the early modern period, and in 16th-cent. Scotland apparently began to incorporate elements of contemporary Hermetic thought. From the early 17th cent. (apparently earliest in Scotland) some societies or ‘lodges’ (lodge n. 7) began to admit members who were not connected with the building trades. In some English societies from about the same time certain members could undergo a particular form of initiation, thereby becoming accepted masons (see accepted mason n. at accepted adj. Compounds); all members of such a society might be referred to loosely as free masons, or more explicitly as free and accepted masons; the latter phrase occurs in the names of many lodges founded from the early 18th cent. onwards. In 1717 four of these lodges in London united to form a ‘grand lodge’ (grand lodge at lodge n. 7), which in turn became the parent of other lodges in England and elsewhere. For a fuller account of Freemasonry in the early modern period see D. Stevenson Origins Freemasonry (1988).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > the Freemasons > member

Freemason1646

mason1652

Great Master1913

1646 E. Ashmole Mem. (1717) 15 [At] 4 Hor. 30 Minutes post merid., I was made a Free-Mason at Warrington in Lancashire, with Colonel Henry Mainwaring.

1674 Minute Bk. in W. F. Vernon Hist. Freemasonry (1893) i. 12 Mair the forsd day it was condescendet on y^t wⁿ ever a prentice is mad frie mason he must pay four pund Scotts.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 316 Admitting Men into the Society of Free-masons, that in the moorelands of this County seems to be of greater request, than any where else.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 393/2 I cannot but Honor..the Masons..the more as being a Member of that Society called Free-Masons.

1691 J. Aubrey Memorandums 18 May in C. R. Conder Hole Craft (1894) 4 This day is a great convention at St. Pauls church of the fraternity of the free [erased, and accepted written above] Masons; where Sir Christopher Wren is to be adopted a Brother.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 26. ⁋3 They have their Signs and Tokens like Free-Masons.

1723 J. Anderson Constit. Free-masons 67 None are to serve that Day, but free and accepted Masons, that the Communication may be free and harmonious.]

1737 S.-Carolina Gaz. 20 Aug. 2/2 Some People pretending to be Free Masons, got together in a Cellar with a young Man who was desirous of being made one.

1788 Gentleman's Mag. 58 i. 83/1 [He] was escorted to the grave by upwards of 200 Free-masons, dressed in all their regalia.

1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master vii. 174 ‘I'd turn a Turk, or Methodist—Christian, Freemason, even Jew!’

1836 J. F. Davis Chinese II. xi. 17 Three persons who are denominated ko, elder brethren, in the same manner that freemasons style each other ‘brothers’.

1878 J. Payn By Proxy I. iv. 43 Some unpleasant form of initiation such as is said to prevail among Freemasons.

1918 Washington Post 20 Aug. 6/4 Although the kaiser is a Freemason, he never, until the beginning of the war, showed any good will or sympathy for the craft.

1963 R. Bartlett Policy & Power iii. 20 He cultivated the Freemasons, who had large influence on French liberal thought and on the French press.

1999 Gymnast Mar.–Apr. 30/3 Frank did everything to his best, his sudden death coming just as he was to be raised to Grand Master in the Freemasons.

Compounds

C1. General attributive with reference to secrets, distinctive signals, etc., of the kind popularly associated with Freemasons (sense 2).

ΚΠ

1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts 33 The true free-mason secret of the profession of soucaring.

1807 Salmagundi 14 Aug. 257 I distinguished his free-mason knock at my door.

1839 Ladies' Compan. Sept. 224/2 Sundry winks and other freemason signals passed between the two.

1865 Times 24 June 5/2 A secret branch [of the Union Leagues], the members of which knew each other by a system of Freemason signs.

2005 Contra Costa (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 1 Aug. f4 He made one of the secret Freemason signs he had been taught by the fraternal society.

C2.

† freemasonwork n. Obsolete masonry executed by a freemason (sense 1).

ΚΠ

1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 332 De fremasonwork operata.

Derivatives

ˌFreemaˈsonic adj. of or relating to Freemasons (sense 2); = masonic adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [adjective] > relating to freemasonry

masonic1761

Freemasonic1788

1788 T. Johnson No. 1: Summer Productions 16 Blest is the Man who free Masonic Rules Has learn'd betimes, and well employ'd his Tools.

1831 Westm. Rev. 14 156 A free-masonic order who converse by signs, innuendos, and slang.

1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians II. xxxviii. 317 That mysterious undefinable freemasonic signal, which passes between women, by which each knows that the other hates her.

1927 Musical Q. 13 513 It is quite likely that some of the specifically freemasonic features of The Magic Flute were proposed by him [sc. Ludwig Gieseke].

2004 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 18 June e2 A brilliant interpretation of Freemasonic mythology, substituting the Chrysler Building for Solomon's Temple.

ˈFreeˌmasonism n. rare = freemasonry n.

ΚΠ

1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I. 722/3 Freemasonism.

1946 tr. Rep. Activities Einsatzstab in Nazi Conspiracy & Aggression (U.S. Chief Counsel Prosecution of Axis Criminality) III. 209 It is safe to say that the library of the Hohe Schule shall..receive an extraordinary amount of treasures which shall give it a unique position in the realm of questions regarding Judaism and Free-Masonism.

1952 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 24 386/1 He proclaimed the bankruptcy of humanitarianism and ‘freemasonism’ together with that of socialism.

2005 J. M. Beck Territory & Terror iii. 44 A whole range of ‘isms’ was banned from public life. ‘Freemason’ism, Protestantism, Communism, Socialism, etc. had nothing to do with a Spain that was ‘different’ and obviously better off than other countries.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	freemason
释义	Freemasonn. Brit. /ˈfriːˌmeɪsn/, U.S. /ˈfriˌmeɪs(ə)n/ Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and mason n.¹ Also with lower-case initial. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: free adj., mason n.¹ Etymology: < free adj. + mason n.¹, probably originally after freestone n. Compare post-classical Latin sculptores lapidum liberorum carvers of free stones (1212 in a British source), mazoni..ad eligendum et scapliendum liberam petram masons to select and trim free stone (1256 in a British source), caementarius libere petre mason of free stone (1341 in a British source), liber caementarius free mason (1438 in a British source), Anglo-Norman une mesoun..de pere fraunche a mason of free stone (1313), mestre mason de franche peer master mason of free stone (1350). Compare later freestone mason n. at freestone n. and adj. Compounds 2. Compare also roughmason n.Attested earlier as a surname: Nicholas le Fremason (1325), John le Fremassoun (1332). 1. A member of a certain class of skilled workers in stone. Now historical except as merged in sense 2.In the late medieval and early modern period the term is often mentioned in contradistinction to other types of mason, as rough mason, layer (see layer n. 1b), etc., evidently to denote masons who specialized in the carving of freestone. It survived in non-historical use until the late 18th cent., but in later contexts it seems often to be used merely as a more complimentary synonym of ‘mason’, implying that the workman so designated belonged to a superior grade. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with stone > [noun] > mason of superior grade Freemason1376 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with stone > [noun] masonc1275 hardhewer1448 masoner1492 Freemason1504 freestone mason1649 stonemason1758 stone-worker1898 stoneman1912 1376 in D. Knoop & G. P. Jones Genesis of Freemasonry (1947) i. 12 Fre masons [written against two names in Letter-Book H of the City of London; the entry has been struck through and replaced by another in which ‘masons’ alone is used]. 1380 Patent Roll, 3 Richard II 6 Apr. (P.R.O.: C 66/306) m. 6 Tot latomos tam latomos vocatos fremasons quam latomos positores. 1396 Charter Rich. II (Sloane 4595) in Masonic Mag. (1882) 341 Concessimus..archiepiscopo Cantuar. quod..viginti et quatuor lathomos vocatos ffre Maceons et viginti et quatuor lathomos vocatos ligiers..capere..possit. a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) 656 (MED) Take on þy honde squyer and scantlon As þou were a free mason [c1300 Cambr. gud Mascun]. ?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 333 (MED) Men of sutel craft, as fre masons..conspiren togidere þat no man of here craft..schal do ouȝt but only hewe stone. 1445 Rolls of Parl. (2005) V. 112/2 Þe wages of eny free mason or maister carpenter, excede not by the day .iiij. d. with mete and drynk..rough mason and meen carpenter..by the day .iij. d. with mete and drynk. 1484–6 Churchwardens' Accts. Wigtoft, Lincs. in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 80 Paide to Will'm Whelpdale, fremason, for makyng of the crosse in ye chirchrth. 1495 Rolls of Parl. (2005) VI. 508 A freemason, maister carpenter, rough mason, brickleyer [etc.]. 1504 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 104 To John Dealtry, fremason, xs. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. CCCiii The free mason setteth his prentyse firste long tyme to lerne to hewe stones. 1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 15 §3 No Person..shall..lett or disturbe any Fre mason, rough mason, carpenter, bricklayer. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises sig. A4 In free Masons craft, in Ioyners craft. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 81 Who seeth not, that it were farre better the Maister Worke men, free Masons, and Carpenters might bee spared, then the true labouring Husbandman? 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iv. 97 Encountring the difficulties of the Free-Mason. 1723 London Gaz. No. 6195/6 John Lane..Free-Mason. 1781 Bristol Poll-bk. 4 Dymock William free-mason and carver. 1831 G. Henson Civil Hist. Framework-knitters iv. 120 The masons in England, even so late as the year 1680, were known by the terms of free mason, rough mason, hard hewer, and quarry men. The free mason carved on stone..or else worked on particular fine work. 1887 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 2 97 The masons, or free-masons, were probably regarded with peculiar disfavor on account of their curious solemnities. 1955 Econ. Jrnl. 65 299 The craft included two main branches, hewers or free masons who dressed and carved the stone, and layers or rough masons who fixed it in position. 1970 H. Braun Parish Churches vii. 83 Much of the walling of our parish churches is..worked not by freemasons but by wallers. 1990 M. Martin Keys of this Blood vi. xxviii. 521 Freemasons were quite separate from other stoneworkers. 2. A member of a (now international) society established for mutual help and fellowship, whose traditions and rituals make symbolic use of or reference to the tools of medieval stonemasons (notably the square and compasses). Cf. masonic adj. 1.Like other craft organizations of the period, many medieval associations of masons, whose members included freemasons (in sense 1), had developed elaborate secret rituals for imparting the knowledge of their craft and for the initiation of new members; these continued to evolve during the early modern period, and in 16th-cent. Scotland apparently began to incorporate elements of contemporary Hermetic thought. From the early 17th cent. (apparently earliest in Scotland) some societies or ‘lodges’ (lodge n. 7) began to admit members who were not connected with the building trades. In some English societies from about the same time certain members could undergo a particular form of initiation, thereby becoming accepted masons (see accepted mason n. at accepted adj. Compounds); all members of such a society might be referred to loosely as free masons, or more explicitly as free and accepted masons; the latter phrase occurs in the names of many lodges founded from the early 18th cent. onwards. In 1717 four of these lodges in London united to form a ‘grand lodge’ (grand lodge at lodge n. 7), which in turn became the parent of other lodges in England and elsewhere. For a fuller account of Freemasonry in the early modern period see D. Stevenson Origins Freemasonry (1988). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > the Freemasons > member Freemason1646 mason1652 Great Master1913 1646 E. Ashmole Mem. (1717) 15 [At] 4 Hor. 30 Minutes post merid., I was made a Free-Mason at Warrington in Lancashire, with Colonel Henry Mainwaring. 1674 Minute Bk. in W. F. Vernon Hist. Freemasonry (1893) i. 12 Mair the forsd day it was condescendet on y^t wⁿ ever a prentice is mad frie mason he must pay four pund Scotts. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 316 Admitting Men into the Society of Free-masons, that in the moorelands of this County seems to be of greater request, than any where else. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 393/2 I cannot but Honor..the Masons..the more as being a Member of that Society called Free-Masons. 1691 J. Aubrey Memorandums 18 May in C. R. Conder Hole Craft (1894) 4 This day is a great convention at St. Pauls church of the fraternity of the free [erased, and accepted written above] Masons; where Sir Christopher Wren is to be adopted a Brother. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 26. ⁋3 They have their Signs and Tokens like Free-Masons. 1723 J. Anderson Constit. Free-masons 67 None are to serve that Day, but free and accepted Masons, that the Communication may be free and harmonious.] 1737 S.-Carolina Gaz. 20 Aug. 2/2 Some People pretending to be Free Masons, got together in a Cellar with a young Man who was desirous of being made one. 1788 Gentleman's Mag. 58 i. 83/1 [He] was escorted to the grave by upwards of 200 Free-masons, dressed in all their regalia. 1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master vii. 174 ‘I'd turn a Turk, or Methodist—Christian, Freemason, even Jew!’ 1836 J. F. Davis Chinese II. xi. 17 Three persons who are denominated ko, elder brethren, in the same manner that freemasons style each other ‘brothers’. 1878 J. Payn By Proxy I. iv. 43 Some unpleasant form of initiation such as is said to prevail among Freemasons. 1918 Washington Post 20 Aug. 6/4 Although the kaiser is a Freemason, he never, until the beginning of the war, showed any good will or sympathy for the craft. 1963 R. Bartlett Policy & Power iii. 20 He cultivated the Freemasons, who had large influence on French liberal thought and on the French press. 1999 Gymnast Mar.–Apr. 30/3 Frank did everything to his best, his sudden death coming just as he was to be raised to Grand Master in the Freemasons. Compounds C1. General attributive with reference to secrets, distinctive signals, etc., of the kind popularly associated with Freemasons (sense 2). ΚΠ 1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts 33 The true free-mason secret of the profession of soucaring. 1807 Salmagundi 14 Aug. 257 I distinguished his free-mason knock at my door. 1839 Ladies' Compan. Sept. 224/2 Sundry winks and other freemason signals passed between the two. 1865 Times 24 June 5/2 A secret branch [of the Union Leagues], the members of which knew each other by a system of Freemason signs. 2005 Contra Costa (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 1 Aug. f4 He made one of the secret Freemason signs he had been taught by the fraternal society. C2. † freemasonwork n. Obsolete masonry executed by a freemason (sense 1). ΚΠ 1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 332 De fremasonwork operata. Derivatives ˌFreemaˈsonic adj. of or relating to Freemasons (sense 2); = masonic adj. 1. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [adjective] > relating to freemasonry masonic1761 Freemasonic1788 1788 T. Johnson No. 1: Summer Productions 16 Blest is the Man who free Masonic Rules Has learn'd betimes, and well employ'd his Tools. 1831 Westm. Rev. 14 156 A free-masonic order who converse by signs, innuendos, and slang. 1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians II. xxxviii. 317 That mysterious undefinable freemasonic signal, which passes between women, by which each knows that the other hates her. 1927 Musical Q. 13 513 It is quite likely that some of the specifically freemasonic features of The Magic Flute were proposed by him [sc. Ludwig Gieseke]. 2004 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 18 June e2 A brilliant interpretation of Freemasonic mythology, substituting the Chrysler Building for Solomon's Temple. ˈFreeˌmasonism n. rare = freemasonry n. ΚΠ 1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I. 722/3 Freemasonism. 1946 tr. Rep. Activities Einsatzstab in Nazi Conspiracy & Aggression (U.S. Chief Counsel Prosecution of Axis Criminality) III. 209 It is safe to say that the library of the Hohe Schule shall..receive an extraordinary amount of treasures which shall give it a unique position in the realm of questions regarding Judaism and Free-Masonism. 1952 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 24 386/1 He proclaimed the bankruptcy of humanitarianism and ‘freemasonism’ together with that of socialism. 2005 J. M. Beck Territory & Terror iii. 44 A whole range of ‘isms’ was banned from public life. ‘Freemason’ism, Protestantism, Communism, Socialism, etc. had nothing to do with a Spain that was ‘different’ and obviously better off than other countries. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1376
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