fractionn.

Brit.

/ˈfrakʃn/, U.S.

/ˈfrækʃən/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s fraccion, fraccyon.

Etymology: < Old French fraccion (French fraction), < ecclesiastical Latin fractiōn-em, noun of action < frangĕre to break.

1. The action of breaking:

a. in the Eucharist: the breaking or dividing of the bread.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > parts of service > canon > [noun] > breaking of host

fraction?1504

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > [noun] > breaking of bread in

fraction?1504

?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) ii. xi. 190 Many foloweth hym to be parteners of the fraccyon of his brede.

1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 50 Though it may be said..that he suffreth fraction or breaking in the Sacrament when it is broken..yet [etc.].

1737 D. Waterland Rev. Doctr. Eucharist 67 The distributing the Bread to the Company, after the Benediction and Fraction, was customary among the Jews.

1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 377 The Fraction is the most solemn, ancient, and significant Action of the whole of the Formulary of Consecration.

†b. with reference to material things in general, and to lines, etc.; also, refraction (of light). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun]

breachOE

breakingc975

brusure1382

breaka1400

crasure1413

chininga1420

bursting1487

bruisinga1500

fraction?a1560

chinking1565

springingc1595

infraction1623

disruption1646

abruption1654

diruption1656

chapping1669

chopping1669

fracturea1676

rumple1746

breakage1775

disrupture1785

fracturing1830

disruptment1834

snapping1891

fractionation1926

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > refraction > [noun]

fraction?a1560

refraction1563

infraction1635

diaclasis1883

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxi. sig. G j ^v Glasses transparent, whiche by fraction should vnite or dissipate the images.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 343 Fraction is the breaking of some matter with ones hand, or with an instrument.

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiv. 142 The bending or Curvation of a straight line into the circumference of a Circle..is Fraction continually encreasing.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iii. 30 Several parcels of Nature that retain still the evident marks of fraction and ruine.

1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius Nature of Things i. Comment. xxi Had compound bodies been subject to unlimited fraction.

c. with reference to immaterial things; chiefly in obsolete uses, e.g. a disturbance (of the mind), an infraction or rupture (of the peace).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > weakness of intellect > confusion, muddle-headedness > [noun] > cause of

fraction1547

upset1899

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [noun] > interruption

interruption1489

abruption1585

interpellation1611

rupture1639

interrupture1648

fraction1661

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > instance of

viretotec1386

moving?a1439

reela1450

stir1487

songa1500

pirrie1536

hurly-burly1548

make-a-do1575

confusions1599

the hunt is upa1625

ruffle1642

fuss1701

fraction1721

fizza1734

dust1753

noration1773

steeriea1776

splorea1791

rook1808

piece of work1810

curfuffle1813

squall1813

rookerya1820

stushie1824

shindy1829

shine1832

hurroosh1836

fustle1839

upsetting1847

shinty1848

ructions1862

vex1862

houp-la1870

set-out1875

hoodoo1876

tingle-tangle1880

shemozzle1885

take-on1893

dust-up1897

hoo-ha1931

tra-la-la1933

gefuffle1943

tzimmes1945

kerfuffle1946

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe ii. f. xxix^v This impediment [sc. dreames]..maye come..specially of fraction of the minde.

1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 188 When the affections are glewed to the world, Death makes not a Dissolution, but a Fraction.

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials I. iv. 51 The French king having lost his friendship by divers fractions of the peace with England.

1842 H. Taylor Edwin the Fair i. v The blackbird sang us forth..loud and full at first..then with pause And fraction fitfully.

†2. The result of breaking; the state of being broken; a broken place, breach, fissure, rupture; spec. in Surgery a fracture. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach

chinec888

bruche?a1300

crevice1382

scar1390

scorec1400

rimea1425

riftc1425

riving1440

creekc1480

brack1524

rive1527

bruise1530

crack1530

chink1545

chap1553

riff1577

chop1578

chinker1581

coane1584

fraction1587

cranice1603

slifter1607

fracture1641

shake1651

snap1891

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [noun] > fractures

brucheOE

fissurec1400

fracture?1541

compound fracture1543

fraction1587

attrition1634

effracture1634

flap-fracture1658

complicated fracture1745

abduction1753

star fracture1840

stress fracture1911

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1349/1 Healing of bones broken, termed commonlie fractions.

1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. vii. 67 Carefully feel with your finger, whether there be any fraction.

1685 Mr. Travestin Acct. Proc. against Turks 20 We..made large Fractions in the Bastion.

1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iii. 36 If we had seen the mountains..when the earth was fresh broken..the fractions..of them would have appear'd very gastly.

1705 Cherry in T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (O.H.S.) I. 22 A fall..caus'd a great fraction in my nose.

1798 W. Blair Soldier's Friend (Dublin ed.) 74 Wounds, fractions, and dislocations.

†3. An interruption of good feeling or harmony; discord, dissension; a rupture. In early use also: A breach of the peace, brawling. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > [noun] > a disturbance caused by dissension

tirpeilc1330

to-doc1330

affraya1393

frayc1420

tuilyiea1500

fraction1502

broil1525

ruffle1534

hurly-burly1548

embroilment1609

roil1690

fracas1727

row1746

the devil among the tailors1756

noration1773

splorea1791

kick-upa1793

rumption1802

ruction1809

squall1813

tulyie-mulyie1827

shindy1829

shine1832

donnybrook1852

shiveau1862

roughhouse1882

ruckus1885

shemozzle1885

turn-up1891

rookus1892

funk1900

incident1913

potin1922

shivoo1924

furore1946

shindig1961

society > society and the community > dissent > [noun]

unsibeOE

unsaughta1122

un-i-sibc1275

conteckc1290

discordingc1325

distancec1325

discordance1340

dissensionc1384

batea1400

discordc1425

variancec1425

variationc1485

disgreement?1504

distinction1520

factiona1538

jar1546

variety1546

disagreeance1548

disagreeing1548

disagreement1548

misliking1564

odds1567

mislikea1586

discordancy1587

disagree1589

distancy1595

dissent1596

dislike1598

secting1598

dichostasy1606

fraction1609

dissentation1623

ill blood1624

misintelligence1632

clashing1642

misunderstanding1642

discomposure1659

disjointinga1715

uneasiness1744

friction1760

misunderstand1819

unharmony1866

inharmony1867

trouble at (the or t') mill1967

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. ix. sig. t.iiii ^v Whiche taken wylfully ony persone in the..chirchyerde..or the whiche there maken ony fraccyon.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 97 Their fraction is more our wish then their faction.

a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 262 Betwen the Poll and them fræctions, and fæctions among themselves.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. vi. 262 By which means..a fraction betwixt them must of necessity ensue.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. iv. i. 208 Fractions at Court.—Ship-wreck of Ministrys.

1721 [see sense 1c].

a. Something broken off; a disconnected portion; a fragment, scrap, small piece. Said with reference both to material and immaterial things. by fractions: piecemeal, by halves. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment

shreddingc950

brucheOE

shredc1000

brokec1160

truncheonc1330

scartha1340

screedc1350

bruisinga1382

morsel1381

shedc1400

stumpc1400

rag?a1425

brokalyc1440

brokeling1490

mammocka1529

brokelette1538

sheavec1558

shard1561

fragment1583

segment1586

brack1587

parcel1596

flaw1607

fraction1609

fracture1641

pash1651

frustillation1653

hoof1655

arrachement1656

jaga1658

shattering1658

discerption1685

scar1698

twitter1715

frust1765

smithereens1841

chitling1843

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > incompletely or partly [phrase]

in partc1300

a (also in, of) party1372

to (the) half1547

by halves1563

by fractions1796

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 161 The fractions of her faith, orts of her loue.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) ii. ii. 207.

1641 W. Prynne Antipathie To Rdr. sig. ¶¶¶4 My primitive intention was, to have presented thee with this..Antipathy intirely at the same instant without fractions.

1656 W. Davenant Siege of Rhodes To Rdr. sig. A3^v Why in an heroick Argument my numbers are so often diversify'd and fall into short fractions.

1657 R. Sanderson 14 Serm. Pref. sig. E4^v Whilest they are still crumbling into fractions and factions.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 19 No one is disposed to be a friend by fractions.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 105 Mahomet's followers found the Koran lying all in fractions.

†b. ? A paragraph or section (of a book). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > small division

parcela1398

passagec1550

fraction1625

pericopea1657

sectiuncle1838

1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 44 In the next Fraction after that branch of the Statute..it is said; Prouided alwaies [etc.].

5. Mathematics.

a. Arithmetic. A numerical quantity that is not an integer; one or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.A common fraction (see also common fraction n. at common adj. and adv. Compounds 2) or vulgar fraction is one in which the numerator and denominator is represented by numbers placed the one above, the other below, a horizontal line. Sometimes fraction is used for ‘vulgar fraction’, or for a quantity expressed by means of a numerator and denominator; e.g. ‘the fraction ⁴/ ₂ = 2’. For complex, compound, continued, decimal, proper and improper fractions, see those words.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [noun]

fractionc1400

broken number1552

fracturea1690

fragmenta1690

mite1702

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) Prol. 3 Smalest fraccions ne wol nat ben shewid in so smal an instrument.

1543 R. Record Ground of Artes ii. sig. T.vi I wyll enstruct you after the treatyse of fractions.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. iii. §6. 256 But the very minutes and lesser fractions were to bee obserued by him.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 393 A Fraction may be exprest..by the Adjective Neuter.

1727 J. Arbuthnot Tables Anc. Coins 45 Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than a fraction.

1811 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) I. 269 This place would suit you to a fraction.

1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. ii. i. 243 The deflection..if reduced to feet, comes out 16 and a small fraction.

1827 O. Gregory Hutton's Course Math. (ed. 9) I. 86 The vulgar fraction may be reduced to a decimal, then joined to the integer, and the root of the whole extracted.

1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 30 The probability of an event is measured by the fraction which the number of favourable cases is of all that can happen.

1846 W. Greener Sci. Gunnery (new ed.) 392 The Belgians too find the same result to a fraction.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece III. ii. xxviii. 68 The village is a fraction, but the city is an unit.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 11 The fraction which denotes the ratio of the two distances is sometimes termed the representative fraction.

b. Algebra. An expression analogous to an arithmetical vulgar fraction, in which the numerator and denominator are algebraical terms or expressions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression

algebraism1753

expression1796

fraction1812

discriminant1851

transform1853

resolvent1859

1812 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. I. 37 This fraction is a maximum, when the denominator A + B + [etc.] is a minimum.

6. A portion of a section (sense 2e(b)) of land. U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of

pounds worthOE

school land1466

shot1478

ground1548

officiary1594

canton1643

lotment1651

bovate1688

fraction1789

mahal1793

erf1812

fractional section1815

forty1845

tan1871

1789 in C. Cist Cincinnati in 1841 (1841) 209 The whole of the township and fraction to be surveyed.

1815 D. Drake Nat. & Statist. View Cincinnati vi. 202 The principal wall or embankment, encloses an entire block of lots and some fractions.

1837 J. M. Peck Gazetteer Illinois i. 77 Fractions are parts of quarter sections intersected by streams or confined claims.

1847 J. Burnet Notes Early Settlem. North-western Territory 47 Matthias Denman..had purchased the fraction of land on the bank of the Ohio, and the entire section adjoining it on the north.

1901 S. E. White Westerners xviii. 156 Thar is a lode..over on the J. G. fraction that's shore th' purtiest bit of quartz lead you ever see.

7. Any one of the portions, differing in physical or chemical properties, into which a mixture may be separated, esp. by physical methods.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > fractionation > fraction

fraction1857

1857 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 13 134 I selected the fraction boiling in the fifteenth rectification at 240°F. to make a preliminary experiment upon.

1873 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 45 129 In such a case each fraction of the distillate will have the same composition as every other fraction and as the original mixture.

1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity 17 If the active barium chloride was fractionally crystallised, the activity tended to concentrate in the least soluble fraction.

1913 A. R. Warnes Coal Tar Distill. 52 When it is not desired to recover the anthracene, the heavy creosote and anthracene oil fractions are sometimes not separated, but worked as one fraction.

1955 Sci. Amer. Aug. 92/3 Electrophoresis is the special name given to the technique of separating molecular mixtures into fractions.

1958 New Scientist 9 Jan. 12/1 The purification of these liquids gives rise to aromatic fractions suitable for use as gasoline components.

1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells v. 188 Five different particle fractions were..separated from the homogenate at five different speeds and times of centrifugation.

1971 Nature 13 Aug. 455/2 Textural variation depends on changes in the proportions of sand and clay with the silt fraction remaining fairly constant.

8. In Communist use: see quots. 1922², 1927. Also, a deviant or schismatic group. Also (all forms) transferred. Cf. fractional adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > splinter group

cave1866

fraction1922

splinter group1935

splinter1948

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > Communist Party > within non-party organization

fraction1922

1922 Communist Party Great Brit.: Rep. Organisation ii. 25 Besides his area group, every member will have some special task. He may be on the Speakers' Group, or working in the Local Labour Party Fraction.

1922 Communist Party Great Brit.: Rep. Organisation ii. 26 A Fraction is a Party organisation inside a representative or delegate body. (It is also used for a grouping of all the Communists and their followers inside a trade union or similar organisation.)

1927 Communist Party Training (Communist Party Great Brit.) 117 A fraction is composed of all Party members inside any unit or representative committee of a non-party organisation, united for the purpose of conducting Party work in same.

1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) xiii. 262 In the fraction, I was given the assignment of recruiting Mulcahy to the Party.

1954 Encounter Feb. 48/2 Last came the rank and file, whose work consisted of making speeches, distributing leaflets, attending party and fraction meetings.

1954 A. Koestler Invisible Writing xxiii. 255 It is essential to..discredit a person or fraction ‘in the eyes of the masses’ before he or they are liquidated.

1958 New Statesman 1 Feb. 136/2 The fact is that Conservatives, Liberals, Socialists and Roman Catholics all hold ‘fraction meetings’ and decide what their policy is to be in the trade unions.

1959 B. North & R. North tr. M. Duverger Polit. Parties (ed. 2) i. iii. 174 The development of fractions is not a sign of the liberty of members..: rather does it point to differences of opinion between members of the ruling class.

Derivatives

ˈfraction v. to break into fractions or pieces.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > separate into constituents [verb (transitive)] > make into (small) pieces

offe?1440

fine1548

flake1632

fritter1780

fragmentize1815

fragment1818

macadamize1825

fraction1841

morselize1894

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 81 The Nation, fractioned and cut asunder by deserts.

ˈfractionism n. the views or policies of such a group.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > departure from party principles

deviationism1940

right deviationism1945

fractionalism1950

fractionism1952

splittism1962

1952 New Yorker 25 Oct. 106/2 Among Marty's other criminal fractionisms were that he thought American imperialism in France was of only secondary importance.

ˈfractionist n. a member or adherent of such a group.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > splinter group > member of

Adullamite1916

fractionist1949

1949 Times 10 Jan. 6/1 Other new words recently collected from this paper include fractionist (akin to deviationist).

ˈfractionlet n. a small fragment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > small piece > very small piece

pointc1300

smitc1330

tittlea1450

scraplet1519

jot1526

splinter1609

bitling1674

shredling1674

frustulum1700

rissom1808

smitch1822

fractionlet1830

scrapling1843

pick1866

parcel1873

scrappet1901

1830 T. Carlyle Jrnl. 9 Sept. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: First Forty Years (1882) II. iv. 88 Wrote a fractionlet of verse entitled ‘The Beetle’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fraction
释义	fractionn. Brit. /ˈfrakʃn/, U.S. /ˈfrækʃən/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s fraccion, fraccyon. Etymology: < Old French fraccion (French fraction), < ecclesiastical Latin fractiōn-em, noun of action < frangĕre to break. 1. The action of breaking: a. in the Eucharist: the breaking or dividing of the bread. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > parts of service > canon > [noun] > breaking of host fraction?1504 society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > [noun] > breaking of bread in fraction?1504 ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) ii. xi. 190 Many foloweth hym to be parteners of the fraccyon of his brede. 1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 50 Though it may be said..that he suffreth fraction or breaking in the Sacrament when it is broken..yet [etc.]. 1737 D. Waterland Rev. Doctr. Eucharist 67 The distributing the Bread to the Company, after the Benediction and Fraction, was customary among the Jews. 1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 377 The Fraction is the most solemn, ancient, and significant Action of the whole of the Formulary of Consecration. †b. with reference to material things in general, and to lines, etc.; also, refraction (of light). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] breachOE breakingc975 brusure1382 breaka1400 crasure1413 chininga1420 bursting1487 bruisinga1500 fraction?a1560 chinking1565 springingc1595 infraction1623 disruption1646 abruption1654 diruption1656 chapping1669 chopping1669 fracturea1676 rumple1746 breakage1775 disrupture1785 fracturing1830 disruptment1834 snapping1891 fractionation1926 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > refraction > [noun] fraction?a1560 refraction1563 infraction1635 diaclasis1883 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxi. sig. G j ^v Glasses transparent, whiche by fraction should vnite or dissipate the images. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 343 Fraction is the breaking of some matter with ones hand, or with an instrument. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiv. 142 The bending or Curvation of a straight line into the circumference of a Circle..is Fraction continually encreasing. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iii. 30 Several parcels of Nature that retain still the evident marks of fraction and ruine. 1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius Nature of Things i. Comment. xxi Had compound bodies been subject to unlimited fraction. c. with reference to immaterial things; chiefly in obsolete uses, e.g. a disturbance (of the mind), an infraction or rupture (of the peace). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > weakness of intellect > confusion, muddle-headedness > [noun] > cause of fraction1547 upset1899 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [noun] > interruption interruption1489 abruption1585 interpellation1611 rupture1639 interrupture1648 fraction1661 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > instance of viretotec1386 moving?a1439 reela1450 stir1487 songa1500 pirrie1536 hurly-burly1548 make-a-do1575 confusions1599 the hunt is upa1625 ruffle1642 fuss1701 fraction1721 fizza1734 dust1753 noration1773 steeriea1776 splorea1791 rook1808 piece of work1810 curfuffle1813 squall1813 rookerya1820 stushie1824 shindy1829 shine1832 hurroosh1836 fustle1839 upsetting1847 shinty1848 ructions1862 vex1862 houp-la1870 set-out1875 hoodoo1876 tingle-tangle1880 shemozzle1885 take-on1893 dust-up1897 hoo-ha1931 tra-la-la1933 gefuffle1943 tzimmes1945 kerfuffle1946 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe ii. f. xxix^v This impediment [sc. dreames]..maye come..specially of fraction of the minde. 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 188 When the affections are glewed to the world, Death makes not a Dissolution, but a Fraction. 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials I. iv. 51 The French king having lost his friendship by divers fractions of the peace with England. 1842 H. Taylor Edwin the Fair i. v The blackbird sang us forth..loud and full at first..then with pause And fraction fitfully. †2. The result of breaking; the state of being broken; a broken place, breach, fissure, rupture; spec. in Surgery a fracture. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach chinec888 bruche?a1300 crevice1382 scar1390 scorec1400 rimea1425 riftc1425 riving1440 creekc1480 brack1524 rive1527 bruise1530 crack1530 chink1545 chap1553 riff1577 chop1578 chinker1581 coane1584 fraction1587 cranice1603 slifter1607 fracture1641 shake1651 snap1891 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [noun] > fractures brucheOE fissurec1400 fracture?1541 compound fracture1543 fraction1587 attrition1634 effracture1634 flap-fracture1658 complicated fracture1745 abduction1753 star fracture1840 stress fracture1911 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1349/1 Healing of bones broken, termed commonlie fractions. 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. vii. 67 Carefully feel with your finger, whether there be any fraction. 1685 Mr. Travestin Acct. Proc. against Turks 20 We..made large Fractions in the Bastion. 1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iii. 36 If we had seen the mountains..when the earth was fresh broken..the fractions..of them would have appear'd very gastly. 1705 Cherry in T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (O.H.S.) I. 22 A fall..caus'd a great fraction in my nose. 1798 W. Blair Soldier's Friend (Dublin ed.) 74 Wounds, fractions, and dislocations. †3. An interruption of good feeling or harmony; discord, dissension; a rupture. In early use also: A breach of the peace, brawling. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > [noun] > a disturbance caused by dissension tirpeilc1330 to-doc1330 affraya1393 frayc1420 tuilyiea1500 fraction1502 broil1525 ruffle1534 hurly-burly1548 embroilment1609 roil1690 fracas1727 row1746 the devil among the tailors1756 noration1773 splorea1791 kick-upa1793 rumption1802 ruction1809 squall1813 tulyie-mulyie1827 shindy1829 shine1832 donnybrook1852 shiveau1862 roughhouse1882 ruckus1885 shemozzle1885 turn-up1891 rookus1892 funk1900 incident1913 potin1922 shivoo1924 furore1946 shindig1961 society > society and the community > dissent > [noun] unsibeOE unsaughta1122 un-i-sibc1275 conteckc1290 discordingc1325 distancec1325 discordance1340 dissensionc1384 batea1400 discordc1425 variancec1425 variationc1485 disgreement?1504 distinction1520 factiona1538 jar1546 variety1546 disagreeance1548 disagreeing1548 disagreement1548 misliking1564 odds1567 mislikea1586 discordancy1587 disagree1589 distancy1595 dissent1596 dislike1598 secting1598 dichostasy1606 fraction1609 dissentation1623 ill blood1624 misintelligence1632 clashing1642 misunderstanding1642 discomposure1659 disjointinga1715 uneasiness1744 friction1760 misunderstand1819 unharmony1866 inharmony1867 trouble at (the or t') mill1967 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. ix. sig. t.iiii ^v Whiche taken wylfully ony persone in the..chirchyerde..or the whiche there maken ony fraccyon. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 97 Their fraction is more our wish then their faction. View more context for this quotation a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 262 Betwen the Poll and them fræctions, and fæctions among themselves. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. vi. 262 By which means..a fraction betwixt them must of necessity ensue. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. iv. i. 208 Fractions at Court.—Ship-wreck of Ministrys. 1721 [see sense 1c]. 4. a. Something broken off; a disconnected portion; a fragment, scrap, small piece. Said with reference both to material and immaterial things. by fractions: piecemeal, by halves. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment shreddingc950 brucheOE shredc1000 brokec1160 truncheonc1330 scartha1340 screedc1350 bruisinga1382 morsel1381 shedc1400 stumpc1400 rag?a1425 brokalyc1440 brokeling1490 mammocka1529 brokelette1538 sheavec1558 shard1561 fragment1583 segment1586 brack1587 parcel1596 flaw1607 fraction1609 fracture1641 pash1651 frustillation1653 hoof1655 arrachement1656 jaga1658 shattering1658 discerption1685 scar1698 twitter1715 frust1765 smithereens1841 chitling1843 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > incompletely or partly [phrase] in partc1300 a (also in, of) party1372 to (the) half1547 by halves1563 by fractions1796 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 161 The fractions of her faith, orts of her loue. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) ii. ii. 207. 1641 W. Prynne Antipathie To Rdr. sig. ¶¶¶4 My primitive intention was, to have presented thee with this..Antipathy intirely at the same instant without fractions. 1656 W. Davenant Siege of Rhodes To Rdr. sig. A3^v Why in an heroick Argument my numbers are so often diversify'd and fall into short fractions. 1657 R. Sanderson 14 Serm. Pref. sig. E4^v Whilest they are still crumbling into fractions and factions. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 19 No one is disposed to be a friend by fractions. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 105 Mahomet's followers found the Koran lying all in fractions. †b. ? A paragraph or section (of a book). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > small division parcela1398 passagec1550 fraction1625 pericopea1657 sectiuncle1838 1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 44 In the next Fraction after that branch of the Statute..it is said; Prouided alwaies [etc.]. 5. Mathematics. a. Arithmetic. A numerical quantity that is not an integer; one or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.A common fraction (see also common fraction n. at common adj. and adv. Compounds 2) or vulgar fraction is one in which the numerator and denominator is represented by numbers placed the one above, the other below, a horizontal line. Sometimes fraction is used for ‘vulgar fraction’, or for a quantity expressed by means of a numerator and denominator; e.g. ‘the fraction ⁴/ ₂ = 2’. For complex, compound, continued, decimal, proper and improper fractions, see those words. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [noun] fractionc1400 broken number1552 fracturea1690 fragmenta1690 mite1702 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) Prol. 3 Smalest fraccions ne wol nat ben shewid in so smal an instrument. 1543 R. Record Ground of Artes ii. sig. T.vi I wyll enstruct you after the treatyse of fractions. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. iii. §6. 256 But the very minutes and lesser fractions were to bee obserued by him. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 393 A Fraction may be exprest..by the Adjective Neuter. 1727 J. Arbuthnot Tables Anc. Coins 45 Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than a fraction. 1811 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) I. 269 This place would suit you to a fraction. 1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. ii. i. 243 The deflection..if reduced to feet, comes out 16 and a small fraction. 1827 O. Gregory Hutton's Course Math. (ed. 9) I. 86 The vulgar fraction may be reduced to a decimal, then joined to the integer, and the root of the whole extracted. 1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 30 The probability of an event is measured by the fraction which the number of favourable cases is of all that can happen. 1846 W. Greener Sci. Gunnery (new ed.) 392 The Belgians too find the same result to a fraction. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece III. ii. xxviii. 68 The village is a fraction, but the city is an unit. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 11 The fraction which denotes the ratio of the two distances is sometimes termed the representative fraction. b. Algebra. An expression analogous to an arithmetical vulgar fraction, in which the numerator and denominator are algebraical terms or expressions. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression algebraism1753 expression1796 fraction1812 discriminant1851 transform1853 resolvent1859 1812 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. I. 37 This fraction is a maximum, when the denominator A + B + [etc.] is a minimum. 6. A portion of a section (sense 2e(b)) of land. U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of pounds worthOE school land1466 shot1478 ground1548 officiary1594 canton1643 lotment1651 bovate1688 fraction1789 mahal1793 erf1812 fractional section1815 forty1845 tan1871 1789 in C. Cist Cincinnati in 1841 (1841) 209 The whole of the township and fraction to be surveyed. 1815 D. Drake Nat. & Statist. View Cincinnati vi. 202 The principal wall or embankment, encloses an entire block of lots and some fractions. 1837 J. M. Peck Gazetteer Illinois i. 77 Fractions are parts of quarter sections intersected by streams or confined claims. 1847 J. Burnet Notes Early Settlem. North-western Territory 47 Matthias Denman..had purchased the fraction of land on the bank of the Ohio, and the entire section adjoining it on the north. 1901 S. E. White Westerners xviii. 156 Thar is a lode..over on the J. G. fraction that's shore th' purtiest bit of quartz lead you ever see. 7. Any one of the portions, differing in physical or chemical properties, into which a mixture may be separated, esp. by physical methods. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > fractionation > fraction fraction1857 1857 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 13 134 I selected the fraction boiling in the fifteenth rectification at 240°F. to make a preliminary experiment upon. 1873 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 45 129 In such a case each fraction of the distillate will have the same composition as every other fraction and as the original mixture. 1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity 17 If the active barium chloride was fractionally crystallised, the activity tended to concentrate in the least soluble fraction. 1913 A. R. Warnes Coal Tar Distill. 52 When it is not desired to recover the anthracene, the heavy creosote and anthracene oil fractions are sometimes not separated, but worked as one fraction. 1955 Sci. Amer. Aug. 92/3 Electrophoresis is the special name given to the technique of separating molecular mixtures into fractions. 1958 New Scientist 9 Jan. 12/1 The purification of these liquids gives rise to aromatic fractions suitable for use as gasoline components. 1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells v. 188 Five different particle fractions were..separated from the homogenate at five different speeds and times of centrifugation. 1971 Nature 13 Aug. 455/2 Textural variation depends on changes in the proportions of sand and clay with the silt fraction remaining fairly constant. 8. In Communist use: see quots. 1922², 1927. Also, a deviant or schismatic group. Also (all forms) transferred. Cf. fractional adj. 3. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > splinter group cave1866 fraction1922 splinter group1935 splinter1948 society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > Communist Party > within non-party organization fraction1922 1922 Communist Party Great Brit.: Rep. Organisation ii. 25 Besides his area group, every member will have some special task. He may be on the Speakers' Group, or working in the Local Labour Party Fraction. 1922 Communist Party Great Brit.: Rep. Organisation ii. 26 A Fraction is a Party organisation inside a representative or delegate body. (It is also used for a grouping of all the Communists and their followers inside a trade union or similar organisation.) 1927 Communist Party Training (Communist Party Great Brit.) 117 A fraction is composed of all Party members inside any unit or representative committee of a non-party organisation, united for the purpose of conducting Party work in same. 1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) xiii. 262 In the fraction, I was given the assignment of recruiting Mulcahy to the Party. 1954 Encounter Feb. 48/2 Last came the rank and file, whose work consisted of making speeches, distributing leaflets, attending party and fraction meetings. 1954 A. Koestler Invisible Writing xxiii. 255 It is essential to..discredit a person or fraction ‘in the eyes of the masses’ before he or they are liquidated. 1958 New Statesman 1 Feb. 136/2 The fact is that Conservatives, Liberals, Socialists and Roman Catholics all hold ‘fraction meetings’ and decide what their policy is to be in the trade unions. 1959 B. North & R. North tr. M. Duverger Polit. Parties (ed. 2) i. iii. 174 The development of fractions is not a sign of the liberty of members..: rather does it point to differences of opinion between members of the ruling class. Derivatives ˈfraction v. to break into fractions or pieces. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > separate into constituents [verb (transitive)] > make into (small) pieces offe?1440 fine1548 flake1632 fritter1780 fragmentize1815 fragment1818 macadamize1825 fraction1841 morselize1894 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 81 The Nation, fractioned and cut asunder by deserts. ˈfractionism n. the views or policies of such a group. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > departure from party principles deviationism1940 right deviationism1945 fractionalism1950 fractionism1952 splittism1962 1952 New Yorker 25 Oct. 106/2 Among Marty's other criminal fractionisms were that he thought American imperialism in France was of only secondary importance. ˈfractionist n. a member or adherent of such a group. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > splinter group > member of Adullamite1916 fractionist1949 1949 Times 10 Jan. 6/1 Other new words recently collected from this paper include fractionist (akin to deviationist). ˈfractionlet n. a small fragment. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > small piece > very small piece pointc1300 smitc1330 tittlea1450 scraplet1519 jot1526 splinter1609 bitling1674 shredling1674 frustulum1700 rissom1808 smitch1822 fractionlet1830 scrapling1843 pick1866 parcel1873 scrappet1901 1830 T. Carlyle Jrnl. 9 Sept. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: First Forty Years (1882) II. iv. 88 Wrote a fractionlet of verse entitled ‘The Beetle’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
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