ante-prefix

In noun formations (see sense 1), the primary stress is usually on the prefix. In adjective formations (and occasional related nouns; see sense 2), the primary stress is usually on the element that follows.

Forms: 1600s– ante-, 1600s– anti-, 1800s– ant- (before a vowel).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ante-.

Etymology: < classical Latin ante-, use as prefix of ante (preposition) before (in time or space), in front of, (adverb) before, in front, previously < the same Italic base as Oscan ant < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἀντί (see anti- prefix).Uses in Latin. In classical Latin ante- is used to form compounds with verbs, as antecēdere antecede v., with verbal nouns, as antecēssor antecessor n., and with other nouns and adjectives on the model of phrases, as antecēnium meal taken earlier in the day than the main meal (after ante cēnam ), antemeridiānus antemeridian adj. ( < ante meridiem ), post-classical Latin antetemplum ante-temple n. Uses in English. Examples of each of the types found in Latin are reflected by borrowings or adaptations in English, directly or through French. New formations within English are found with some frequency from the 17th cent. onwards, e.g. antetype n., anteman n.¹, ante-supper n., anteambulate v., antediluvian adj.; for possible earlier examples compare antetheme n., ante-predicament n. Adjectives formed with this prefix are of two main types, those which have an adjective as second element, e.g. ante-reformational adj. at sense 2b(a)(i), and those which have a noun (which may also occur in attributive use) as second element, e.g. ante-Reformation adj. at sense 2b(b)(i). Those which have an adjective as second element are understood semantically as though they were formed directly on an underlying phrase, hence ante-reformational has (like ante-Reformation ) the meaning ‘from before the Reformation’. Spellings in anti- probably largely result from association with anti- prefix, either in English or in French, although compare also some early formations (especially antechamber n.) that reflect the Italian variant anti-.

1. Forming nouns.

a. Preceding in place or position; usually referring to a smaller space entered before another (usually larger) one. See also antechamber n., anteroom n.

(a)

ante-cavern n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻˌkavn/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌkævərn/

ΚΠ

1792 Sentimental & Masonic Mag. Dec. 500 This source springs from a profound cavern, and anti-cavern. This anti-cavern, which occurs at first, is very capacious.

1817 Edinb. Rev. 28 331 The Georgian ladies employ the ante-caverns as dressing rooms.

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. xxvii. 178 A narrow corridor, which was his den, conducted to another dark anti-cavern, to the end of which the eye could hardly reach.

2003 T. Ford Abandon All Hope (e-book, accessed 23 Sept. 2015) Finally, they emerged inside a small ante-cavern..with smooth walls and a round ceiling.

ante-closet n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻˌklɒzɪt/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌklɑzət/

ΚΠ

1646 J. Greaves Pyramidographia 92 This inner Anticloset is separated from the former, by a stone of red speckled marble.

1706 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 2109 Its Entrance, first and second Galleries, Anticlosets.

1860 Lunacy: Copy 14th Rep. Commissioners 131 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 338) XXXIV. 231 Besides the draw-off taps in the sculleries, there are supply taps in each ante-closet for general purposes.

1996 Assemblage 30 70 Where the door slides or folds..in the case of the ordinary hinged door... This is a space I call the ante-closet, the space before the closet. The ante-closet is where one selects clothes.

ante-garden n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻˌɡɑːdn/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌɡɑrd(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1860 Illustr. London News 8 Dec. 12/3 The ante-garden in the lower part of the ground is laid out with a view to planting out flowering shrubs and evergreens.

1911 Nature 20 July 80/1 Should the Government eventually acquire also the ante-garden for the extension of the Science building now proposed,..the success of the plans of the Prince Consort would be complete.

2008 A. Tait Garden in Hills 37 My two medieval heads on the wall of the ante-garden, peering through rose leaves at visitors, have nothing to say with their lolling tongues.

ante-hall n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻhɔːl/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌhɔl/

/ˈæn(t)əˌhɑl/

ΚΠ

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation i. 157/1 The Apartments of the Building..are these following, the Anti-Hall, and Hall, Parlours, Chappels, Dining-Rooms, Withdrawing-Rooms, Bedchambers [etc.]

1796 Duke of Rutland Jrnl. 28 July in Tour N. Parts Great Brit. (1813) 46 You first of all enter into a hall, at one end of which is a billiard-room. From thence you proceed to a spacious and lofty anti-hall.

1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold III. x. iv. 80 A low, forlorn ante-hall.

1957 Iraq 19 p. i In the ante-hall, busts of Layard showed him as a young man..and also as an elder statesman.

2006 Wang Yan Lai China Lofts 176 The sales office is divided into two main areas, the ante hall and the back parlour.

ante-porch n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻpɔːtʃ/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌpɔrtʃ/

[compare earlier before porch n. at before adv., prep., conj., and n. Compounds 1a]

ΚΠ

1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. i. 43 An Atrium Græcum (we may translate it an Anti Porch, after the Greeke manner).

1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) ii. 52 He painted the Propyleum, or Antiporch of the Temple of Minerva.

1817 J. Woods Lett. Architect I. xxvi. 400 There is a little antiporch of the same nature, at the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedim.

1907 M. Hume Through Portugal ix. 303 A long, low, fortress-like structure, with..turrets supporting a massive battlemented ante-porch, with plain pointed arches and Byzantine capitals.

2004 A. Patel Building Communities in Gujarāt 171 Mukhacatuṣkī, four-pillared anteporch.

ante-portico n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻˌpɔːtᵻkəʊ/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌpɔrdəkoʊ/

ΚΠ

1838 J. Britton Dict. Archit. & Archæol. 13 Antica..a door, a porch, or ante-portico.

1917 Catholic World Dec. 362 Still worse was the experience of Ravenna, notably with regard to the ante-portico of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo.

1956 Art Bull. 38 237 When Eleanor of Toledo entered her future capital in 1539, the decorations at the city gate had still been on a small scale, consisting of an antiportico, which may or may not have been embellished with painting and sculptures.

antestomach n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻˌstʌmək/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌstəmək/

ΚΠ

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. i. 17 The Gullet..in many birds of this kind immediately above the stomach is dilated into a kind of bag or ante-stomach [L. ventriculum liminarem].

1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) i. 29 Swallow'd into the Crop..or at least into a kind of Antestomach.

1836 Sat. Mag. 15 Oct. 147/2 Birds have their craw; ruminating beasts their first, or ante-stomach.

1922 Internat. Med. & Surg. Surv. 3 No. 3. i. 415 The permanent secretion is for the purpose of moistening the contents of the 3 antestomachs [of a sheep] and the neutralization of the acids of fermentation.

2001 E. Bingham et al. Patty's Toxicol. (ed. 5) VI. lxxvii. 432 In the oral study, four malignant tumors were reported: a myeloid leukemia, two liver cell carcinomas, and one antestomach carcinoma.

(b)

† ante-bath n. Obsolete a room opening onto a bath or bathroom.

ΚΠ

1817 Edinb. Rev. 28 331 The bathers first enter a vault or antebath.

1900 A. B. Hinds tr. G. Vasari Lives of Painters VIII. 204 For the sake of brevity I omit to speak of the ante-bath, the dressing-room, the little bath full of stucco, and the paintings which adorn the place.

ante-church n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻtʃəːtʃ/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌtʃərtʃ/

a narthex or antechapel.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun] > west end of

ante-church1695

antechapela1701

1695 G. Hooper Disc. Lent ii. vi. 239 The Ante-Church was also subdivided into Two Parts.

1817 J. Storer Hist. & Antiq. Cathedral Churches Great Brit. III. at Landaff Cathedral (note) The porch, antechurch or narthex; the west end of this part was appropriated to common auditors for idle curiosity or serious inquiry, and its east end to catechumens and candidates.

1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 220 If there is an antechurch, they should be placed there.

1997 Church Times 7 Feb. 5/1 I declared them man and wife. Then, as they knelt down..I saw him in the ante-church—there's a glass screen—so I signalled to the verger, and she went and spoke to him.

ante-nave n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻneɪv/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌneɪv/

the western part of a divided nave.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > antenave > [noun]

ante-temple1670

ante-nave1829

1829 R. Southey All for Love iv. 42 Now before the Holy Door In the Ante-nave they stand.

1911 H. W. Fowler & F. G. Fowler Conc. Oxf. Dict. (1917) 538/1 Narthex, railed-off western portico or ante-nave in early Christian churches for women, penitents, & catechumens.

2003 Daily Post (Liverpool) (Nexis) 10 Feb. 11 He was a generous benefactor to Wrexham Parish Church—gifts included the painting in the ante-nave, said to be a Rubens.

b. Preceding in time or order, with the senses ‘previous or anticipatory’, ‘previous or anticipatory to’.

(a)

ante-dawn n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻdɔːn/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌdɔn/

/ˈæn(t)əˌdɑn/

ΚΠ

1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 49 287 That mysterious ante-dawn—that prelibation of the full daylight..the Zodiacal light.

1919 Living Age 13 Sept. 652/2 Since the days of Asoka, in the ante-dawn of history, India had known no such emperor.

2001 L. Bak Tulpa 40 Twinned faces nesting with the rumbirds, singing in pairs at each antedawn.

† ante-disposition n. Obsolete rare

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > antecedent or precursor

forerunnerOE

forridelc1000

messengerc1300

precursora1500

waymaker1574

postiliona1586

ushera1586

precedence1598

vaunt-courier1598

precedent1599

prodromus1602

ante-disposition1611

precedency1611

prodrome1611

antecedent1612

antedating1633

leading card1635

prodromy1647

antecessor1657

precursorya1660

prodromist1716

morning star1721

skirmisher1820

antecursor1850

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Antidispositione, an antidisposition, or precedent inclination.

† ante-luminary n. [apparently a misunderstanding of anti-luminary n. at anti- prefix 1c(b) (based on quot. 1714 at that lemma)] Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Antiluminaries, Preceding Lights.

anteoccupation n.

Brit.

/ˈantɪɒkjᵿˌpeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)iˌɑkjəˌpeɪʃən/

[after classical Latin anteoccupātiōn-, anteoccupātiō anticipation of an opponent's arguments (Cicero)] rare

ΚΠ

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Anteoccupation, a preventing or seising first.

1977 Mod. Philol. 74 314 I recommend using anteoccupatio, or, since I prefer to naturalize words imported for regular employment, ‘anteoccupation’.

antetaste n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻteɪst/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌteɪst/

rare

ΚΠ

c1729 W. Stukeley Let. in W. C. Lukis Family Mem. W. Stukeley (1882) I. ii. 211 The perfection of the soul..gives us an anti-tast of those seraphic pleasures which we are in full fruition of.

1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall of Rome iv. 165 An antetaste of those dire and bloody struggles.

2008 D. De Rovira Dict. Flavors 109 The antetaste is followed by the middle ground taste, then background taste.

(b)

ante-eternity n.

Brit.

/ˈantɪᵻˌtəːnᵻti/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)iəˌtərnədi/

Theology and Philosophy (now rare) (a) the quality of having existed since before the beginning of time; (b) an eternity which existed before the beginning of time.

ΚΠ

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 141 He..maintained..the Worlds Ante-Eternity and Incorruptibllity [sic].

a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 194 The promise of eternal Life is as ancient as God himself... As it hath an ante-eternity, so it hath a post-eternity.

1809 Christian Observer Oct. 645 The second of their interpretations..gives to the expression εν αρχῃ the sense of an ante-eternity, or at least of existence prior to creation.

1850 J. H. Newman Let. 17 Jan. in W. Ward Life Cardinal Newman (1912) I. viii. 248 By saying that what did relieve you [sc. Frederick Capes] was the mystery of God's ante-eternity, you seem taking up yourself my very argument.

1873 Primitive Methodist Mag. Mar. 152 Though we give the Son-ship a priority to creation which sets it back into that ante-eternity that foreran time, we are still obliged to have recourse to events that took place in time.

2015 W. Xing in X. Liu Dao Compan. Daoist Philos. v. 106 But what is hengxian? Is it ‘ante-eternity’ or ‘eternal antecedence’?

† ante-Noahite n. [ < ante- prefix + Noah (see Noah's Ark n.) + -ite suffix¹] Obsolete a person from before the time of Noah.Apparently an isolated use. N.E.D. (1885), following an earlier edition of Lamb's letters, gave the word as Anti-Noahite, which was consequently entered under Anti-.

ΚΠ

1810 C. Lamb Let. 13 Nov. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1978) III. 62 Damn Temperance & them that first invented it, some Ante-Noahite.

† antenumber n. Obsolete rare the number that precedes another in order.

ΚΠ

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §106 Whatsoever Vertue is in Numbers, for Conducing to Concent of Notes, is rather to be ascribed to the Ante-number than to the Entire Number.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Antenumber, the number that precedes another.

2. Forming adjectives (and occasionally related nouns).

a. Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology. Of place or position, chiefly with the sense ‘in front of’.

antecaecal adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈsiːkl/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈsik(ə)l/

[after French anticaecal (1859 in the passage translated in quot. 1861)] situated before or in front of the caecum.

ΚΠ

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. i. 44 The small intestine or anticæcal [Fr. anticaecal].

1922 Arch. Diagnosis 14 168 In children..the subcæcal is the commonest position.., the antecæcal being very rare in either.

2008 Jrnl. Med. Case Rep. 2 218/2 The cystic mass, which measured 17.5 cm in length and 4.5 cm in diameter, was identified as a cystic antecaecal appendix.

anteconsonantal adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻkɒnsəˈnantl/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌkɑnsəˈnæn(t)l/

Phonetics preceding a consonant.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > consonant > [adjective] > before or after

anteconsonantal1888

preconsonantal1896

post-consonantal1905

post-consonantic1935

preconsonant1949

1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. §280 In Godlewa..anteconsonantal [Ger. anteconsonantisches] al sounds almost like the diphthong au.

1937 C. E. Bazell in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 36 6 Part of a plural system wherein j represented before a vowel the ante-consonantal i of the other cases.

2003 M. de Vaan Avestan Vowels vii. 566 The prefix /hu-/ was preserved or restored in the antevocalic position on the model of the anteconsonantal forms in hw-.

antecubital adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈkjuːbᵻtl/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈkjubəd(ə)l/

[compare German Antecubitalader one of the veins of an insect's wing (1849)] Anatomy located anterior to or in the bend of the elbow, or on the anterior aspect of the forearm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > arm > [adjective] > inner side of arm

antecubital1852

1852 J. H. Corbett Descr. & Surg. Anat. Arteries 154 This humero-cubital, or anti-cubital space, is somewhat triangular.

1922 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 2 Dec. 1956/2 The nodules in the right antecubital fossa were removed.

1996 T. Clancy Executive Orders viii. 113 He was surprised to see the holy woman with her left sleeve rolled up, a rubber strip tight around her upper arm, and a needle in her antecubital vein.

antepectoral adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/

/ˌantᵻˈpɛkt(ə)rl̩/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/

[in sense (a) after scientific Latin antepectoralis (1826 in quot. 1826); with sense (b) compare Spanish antepectoral (1838 or earlier)] (a) Entomology located on or attached to the underside of the prothorax (now rare); (b) located in front of or in the anterior part of the thorax, spec. in front of the pectoral fin of a fish.

ΚΠ

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 368 Spiracula antepectoralia (the Antepectoral Spiracles), a pair of breathing-pores fixed in the membrane that connects the Antepectus with the Medipectus.

1849 A. Smith Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. IV. at Eremias knoxii Antepectoral fold formed of seven scales.

1863 T. Gill in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1862 235 Pectoral fins oblong... Antepectoral region longitudinally oblong.

1909 Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1908 585 The antepectoral region or ‘head’ is remarkably large.

2011 Russ. Jrnl. Marine Biol. 37 33 The dimensional indexes of antedorsal and ante-pectoral distances..are of the greatest diagnostic value for sex differentiation.

b. Of time or order, with the sense ‘earlier than, preceding, before’.For a number of the compounds in this sense there is also a parallel formation with pre- prefix.

(a) With adjectives.

(i)

† ante-Babylonish adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 96 The antebabylonish Jews.

1857 L. Schmitz in W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Geogr. II. 18/2 Josephus gives a minute description [of Jerusalem]..which, as far as it relates to the Old city, will serve for the elucidation of the ante-Babylonish capital.

1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 426/2 Certain ‘high places’ in the ante-Babylonish history of the Jews, known in later times as προσευχαί.

ante-baptismal adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻbapˈtɪzml/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌbæpˈtɪzm(ə)l/

/ˌæn(t)əˌbæbˈtɪzm(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1720 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ VIII. xviii. iii. 128 The Fathers acknowledge only three Sorts of Repentance; the ante-baptismal, for all manner of sins [etc.]

1850 C. Wordsworth Occas. Serm. 1st Ser. 104 Ante-baptismal regeneration.

1963 Studies 52 197 In the obviously old ante-baptismal questions put by Patrick to the daughters of Loigaire is the question: ‘Do you Believe in the unity of the church?’

† ante-Cuvierian adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral i. 5 We say nothing as to doubts of the real owners of these bones, as determined in ante-Cuvierian days.

1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 16 Several of such antecuvierian works must be mentioned.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 440/2 Ante-Cuvierian authors..paid special attention to this suborder.

ante-Darwinian n. and adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻdɑːˈwɪnɪən/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌdɑrˈwɪniən/

ΚΠ

1872 Chicago Schoolmaster Feb. 32 To change the caste in which one was born..was as impossible, as to an ante-Darwinian, it would seem for a reptile to become a lion or an elephant.

1873 Nation 16 Oct. 259/2 Mr. Bentham..had not..touched upon questions of origination in the ante-Darwinian era.

1910 P. E. Moore Shelburne Ess. 7th ser. 247 Lamarck, the greatest of the scientific ante-Darwinians.

1928 E. D. Martin in C. A. Beard Whither Mankind xv. 365 Popular religious beliefs are still parochial, pre-Newtonian, ante-Darwinian.

2012 M. Wainwright Toward Sociobiological Hermeneutic i. 3 With a provenance that traces back to ancient Greek philosophy, pangenesis is ante-Darwinian.

ante-Gothic adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈɡɒθɪk/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈɡɑθɪk/

now rare

ΚΠ

1831 Jrnl. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 1 224 M. de Lassaux..had arrived in various ways at the conviction that what are called the gothic and ante-gothic styles of architecture..are not only the most appropriate for churches, but also the cheapest.

1859 R. A. Wilson New Hist. Conquest Mexico vi. 251 (note) The ante-Gothic population of the Peninsula.

1928 C. E. Laughlin So you're going to France! i. 32 That the lover of mediaevalism,..of Gothic and ante-Gothic architecture, should make a pilgrimage to the Mount, needs no comprehending.

ante-initial adj.

Brit.

/ˌantɪɪˈnɪʃl/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)iᵻˈnɪʃəl/

ΚΠ

1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 6 The Chapters ante-initial and post-initial.

1906 G. Saintsbury Hist. Eng. Prosody I. i. ii. 27 There is what may be called an ante-initial difficulty of a further kind.

2000 A. Williams in A. Williams et al. Lit., Markets & Media in Germany & Austria Today 274 He..places Odysseus as the final curtain falls in an ante-initial pose, his unsheathed sword frozen like a searing priapus as the 'lightly clad' Penelope winds herself around him.

ante-Justinianian adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻdʒʌˈstɪnɪən/

/ˌantᵻdʒəˈstɪnɪən/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)ədʒəˈstɪniən/

(also ante-Justinianean) now rare

ΚΠ

1821 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 387 The first of them, the Institutions of Gaius,..is a treatise on the civil law of the Antejustinianean age.

1836 D. Hoffman Course Legal Study (ed. 2) II. 543 The brief notice which is made of these jurisconsults by the author [sc. Pothier], is all that is essential to be known of them in the study of ante-Justinianian jurisprudence.

1880 J. Muirhead Inst. of Gaius & Rules of Ulpian Introd. p. vii Any question of Ante-Justinianian law.

1926 P. T. Fenn Origin of Right of Fishery in Territorial Waters iii. 39 This situation was met in connection with the ante-Justinianian jurisprudence.

1978 A. A. Schiller Rom. Law xi. 524 Jurisitic writings in the Digest and in ante-Justinianian sources.

ante-posthumous adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈpɒstʃᵿməs/

/ˌantᵻˈpɒstjᵿməs/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈpɑstʃəməs/

/ˌæn(t)əpɑˈstjuməs/

ΚΠ

1802 J. Murray Let. 2 June in T. Constable A. Constable & his Lit. Correspondents (1873) I. vii. 376 It would be hazardous to offer any important sum for her works, either published or ante-posthumous.

1833 Fraser's Mag. May 627 Those who utter such stuff must be anxious to obtain, as cheaply as possible, an ante-posthumous reputation for excessive morality.

1855 N. Wiseman Fabiola 220 The old capsarius as he had had himself rattlingly called in his ante-posthumous inscription.

1986 H. Lane tr. A. A. Roa Bastos I, Supreme 222 Arms dipped in salute to Belgrano, who beams with pleasure at this anteposthumous honor.

† ante-reformational adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1846 Proc. Oxf. Soc. Gothic Archit. Easter & Trinity Terms 25 It was manifest that in all general matters the post-reformational idea of Catholic church-arrangement was identical with the ante-reformational one.

1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. iii. 73 Bishop Osmond, the regulator of the ante-reformational English ritual.

(ii)

ante-Christian adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈkrɪstʃ(ə)n/

/ˌantᵻˈkrɪstjən/

/ˌantᵻˈkrɪstɪən/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈkrɪstʃən/

= pre-Christian adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > pre- or post-Christian

ante-Christian1820

post-apostolical1827

pre-Christian1828

post-apostolic1829

1820 Edinb. Rev. Aug. 184 The West Goths expressly deduced the series of their judges from the ante-christian era.

1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia iii. iii. 270 What was the ante-Christian doctrine respecting the condition of the dead?

1883 Harper's Mag. Dec. 4/1 The Christian and ante-Christian feeling blend in the happy season.

1996 Church Hist. 65 784 His work also includes such great ante-Christian rhetors as Demosthenes and Cicero, and many more.

ante-Columbian adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻkəˈlʌmbɪən/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əkəˈləmbiən/

now rare = pre-Columbian adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi).

ΚΠ

1837 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 31 410 The original Old Northern or ancient Icelandic text, which all cultivators and admirers of the history of the Ante-Columbian epochs of America will now have it in their power to consult.

1875 Harper's Mag. Feb. 452 An international congress..to bring together all persons who are interested in the ante-Columbian history of America.

1956 M. L. Williams in Schoolcraft's Indian Legends Introd. p. xv The men of the Enlightenment sought to unravel the mystery of ante-Columbian civilizations through a variety of ingenious theories.

† ante-ecclesiastical adj. Obsolete (a) relating to a time before the existence of a church; (b) relating to a time before ordainment for Christian duties.

ΚΠ

1829 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 39 361 Its [sc. Durham's] ante-ecclesiastical history.

1899 Rec. Amer. Catholic Hist. Soc. Philadelphia 10 157 Fr. Clarke..had spent a large part of his ante-ecclesiastical life at Carthage.

ante-historic adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻhɪˈstɒrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əhɪˈstɔrɪk/

= prehistoric adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of prehistoric periods

prolepticala1646

ante-historical1724

ante-historic1828

lacustrine1830

palaeotherian1831

prehistoric1832

Siwalik1836

megalithic1839

subarctic1846

meta-historical1854

prehistorical1854

lithic1862

protolithic1863

Archaeolithic1865

lacustrian1865

Palaeolithic1865

Mesolithic1866

Hallstatt1869

microlithic1872

palaeocosmic1875

Silurian1875

Miolithic1877

archilithic1879

eneolithic1886

palaeolithical1887

Solutrian1888

eolithic1890

Hallstattian1893

Chellean1894

pre-Palaeolithic1894

palaeolithoid1896

protolithic1896

Siculian1896

Siculic1896

Azilian1899

Acheulean1901

Villanova1901

chalcolithic1902

sub-Neolithic1903

Mesvinian1905

protoneolithic1906

Sicanian1909

Siculan1909

Aurignacian1914

Getulian1914

Châtelperron1915

epipalaeolithic1921

Creswellian1926

Capsian1928

Villanovan1928

Chelleo-Acheulean1930

Abbevillian1934

Swiderian1936

dryas1946

Shamvaian1947

Mazovian1965

Devensian1968

talayotic1974

1828 Foreign Q. Rev. June 528 Suppose in future ages the history of the last ten centuries should be sunk into as complete oblivion as that of the ante-historic period of Europe now is.

1834 H. N. Coleridge Introd. Greek Poets (ed. 2) 99 This..event..is involved in the same thick mist of ante-historic antiquity.

1954 Amer. Anthropologist 56 165 The ante-historic stretches of pre-history may come to be as closely charted chronologically as the para- or tele-historic.

1990 B. Rojtman in E. Spolsky Uses of Adversity v. 113 For each gesture of Abraham binding his son on the altar, says the Midrash, the Holy-One-Blessed-Be-He reproduces its sign in the antehistoric or ahistoric, celestial universe.

ante-historical adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻhɪˈstɒrᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əhɪˈstɔrək(ə)l/

= prehistoric adj. 1; cf. prehistorical adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of prehistoric periods

prolepticala1646

ante-historical1724

ante-historic1828

lacustrine1830

palaeotherian1831

prehistoric1832

Siwalik1836

megalithic1839

subarctic1846

meta-historical1854

prehistorical1854

lithic1862

protolithic1863

Archaeolithic1865

lacustrian1865

Palaeolithic1865

Mesolithic1866

Hallstatt1869

microlithic1872

palaeocosmic1875

Silurian1875

Miolithic1877

archilithic1879

eneolithic1886

palaeolithical1887

Solutrian1888

eolithic1890

Hallstattian1893

Chellean1894

pre-Palaeolithic1894

palaeolithoid1896

protolithic1896

Siculian1896

Siculic1896

Azilian1899

Acheulean1901

Villanova1901

chalcolithic1902

sub-Neolithic1903

Mesvinian1905

protoneolithic1906

Sicanian1909

Siculan1909

Aurignacian1914

Getulian1914

Châtelperron1915

epipalaeolithic1921

Creswellian1926

Capsian1928

Villanovan1928

Chelleo-Acheulean1930

Abbevillian1934

Swiderian1936

dryas1946

Shamvaian1947

Mazovian1965

Devensian1968

talayotic1974

1724 J. Beaumont Gleanings Antiq. i. 50 Doctrines..which have been derived to us from the antient Mythical or Ante-historical Times.

1822 Eclectic Rev. Feb. 106 The first epoch is that of the ante-historical age,—Spain in the time of the Phenicians and the Greeks.

1914 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 27 3 No two tribes have been more important in historical and ante-historical times than the Sioux and the Iroquois.

2010 J. D. Caputo in L. Boeve & C. Brabant Between Philos. & Theol. iii. 36 The event does not come from outside time but from within it, as a kind [of] ante-historical beat whose pulsations are felt in chronological time.

ante-human adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈhjuːmən/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈ(h)jumən/

relating to a time before the existence of humans; cf. prehuman adj.

ΚΠ

1746 H. Winder Crit. & Chronol. Hist. Rise Knowl. II. vi. 69 When a Writer describes those ante-human Transactions as distinctly, as those which he was an Eye-witness of.

1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism ii. 264 He fills up the ante-human space..by an array of spiritual machinery.

1921 J. J. Putnam Addr. Psycho-analysis ix. 168 Fear may be primitive and natural; it may point back even to ante-human ancestral experiences.

1996 E. Meir in E. L. Fackenheim & R. Jospe Jewish Philos. & Acad. 162 The work of art would reflect ante-human splendor. Humanity would bring man back to nature, with its founding human language.

ante-jentacular adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻdʒɛnˈtakjᵿlə/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌdʒɛnˈtækjələr/

literary (chiefly humorous) pre-breakfast.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > morning > [adjective]

earlyOE

rathea1425

matutinalc1450

matutinec1450

morning1535

antemeridian1592

betimely1594

grey-eyed1597

matins1643

ante-jentacular1796

matinal1803

matutinary1858

pre-luncheon1909

1796 J. Bentham Let. 16 Dec. in Corr. (1981) V. 339 Sleep rather a difficult operation [because of toothache]... Ante-jentacular walk muffled with two handkerchiefs.

1811 A. Knox Let. 12 Aug. in J. Jebb & A. Knox Thirty Years' Corr. (1834) II. 44 This ante-jentacular hour.

1867 Temple Bar Feb. 338 A boy condemned to a hard mattress and scanty bedclothes, to a public pump and a jack-towel, to early chapel and anti-jentacular (I believe that's the right thing now) repetition, ought not to have been so susceptible.

1996 M. Morton Cupboard Love 285 The Latin word for hungry—jejunus—appears in English as part of the term ante-jentacular, meaning before breakfast; typical ante-jentacular behaviour is characterized by blurred vision, a shuffling gait, and an intolerance for children and pets.

† ante-judiciary adj. Obsolete that takes place before judgement or before court proceedings; cf. prejudiciary adj.²

ΚΠ

1661 T. White Devotion & Reason i. ii. 16 The Greek Church holds the antejudiciary releasing of souls out of Purgatory.

1679 M. Prance Addit. Narr. 50 Purgatory, or Antejudiciary and intermedial delivery of souls.

1809 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 92 Criminal tribunals, if properly constituted, would be the best depositaries of all the powers, whether antejudiciary or postjudiciary, immediately necessary to their own decisions.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 344/2 The employment of police powers in the ante-judiciary part of criminal process..has become a necessity.

† ante-metallic adj. Obsolete = premetallic adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi).

ΚΠ

1851 R. G. Latham in Tacitus Germania vi. 36 (note) In Gothic archaeology it is well known that the so-called metallic age is separated from the so-called ante-metallic by a broad line of demarcation.

1885 F. Hirth China & Rom. Orient 302 Broca..has..drawn attention to the traces of trepanning executed by means of stones on human skulls found in graves of the ante-metallic period.

antemortal adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈmɔːtl/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈmɔrd(ə)l/

= premortal adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi).

ΚΠ

1848 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 2nd Ser. (ed. 2) 370 If a spirit..were to revisit this home of its antemortal existence.

1907 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 34 213 It is impossible to construct a definite antemortal psychopathology.

2009 D. C. Peterson in V. R. Sasson & J. M. Law Imagining Fetus 209 The origin of the five canonical daily Muslim prayers is also connected with this stage of Muhammad's antemortal existence.

ante-Mosaic adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻmə(ʊ)ˈzeɪɪk/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əmoʊˈzeɪɪk/

now rare existing or occurring before the time of Moses; pre-Mosaic.

ΚΠ

1692 L. Milbourne Myst. in Relig. Vindicated 613 If these Ante-Mosaic Ceremonies were not the same with those from Sinai.., then those from Sinai might, with as little Inconvenience, be laid aside.

1747 B. Kennicott Two Diss. ii. 155 The Institution of a Sabbath was observ'd, during the Ante-Mosaic Oeconomy.

1828 Cleave's Penny Gaz. 2 June 2/2 Those earlier biblical records, which narrate the lives and illustrate the faith and worship of the ante-Mosaic patriarchs.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick civ. 509 This antemosaic, unsourced existence of the unspeakable terrors of the whale.

1933 Arizona Republic 8 May 2/1 This word [sc. amen] is of universal use... Ante-Mosaic lips handed it down to ancient Judaism.

† ante-Mosaical adj. Obsolete = pre-Mosaic adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi).

ΚΠ

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 283 I look upon all other [books] that pretend to be ante-Mosaical or patriarchal, as spurious and fabulous.

1827 G. S. Faber Origin Expiat. Sacrifice Pref. p. vi As the outward sign of an atonement had not been divinely instituted during the primitive or antemosaical ages; so neither had the doctrine..been as yet divinely revealed.

1879 J. K. Burr Comm. Bk. Job (xlii. 8) 297/1 That there should be the twofold recognition of the sacred and complete number seven, points to an ante-Mosaical, if not patriarchal, period for the life of Job.

ante-Nicean adj. and n.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻnʌɪˈsiːən/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌnaɪˈsiən/

(also ante-Nicaean) (a) adj. existing or occurring before the first Council of Nicea ( a.d. 325); (b) n. an ante-Nicaean writer (rare).Cf. ante-Nicene adj. and n.

ΚΠ

a1751 Visct. Bolingbroke Philos. Wks. (1754) III. iv. 36 Bishop Bull has ventured to assert, that the antenicean fathers had agreed on this subject ‘ad unum’.

1896 W. H. S. Aubrey Rise & Growth of Eng. Nation II. 393 Laud..strove to establish..the Anglican communion as a branch of the great Catholic Church..; with a claim of unbroken descent from the Ante-Nicean Councils.

1925 Amer. Hist. Rev. 30 418 The introduction and most of the concluding chapter on the later Anteniceans is by Father J. de Ghellinck.

2006 B. D. Ehrman Stud. in Textual Crit. New Test. viii. 146 The term ‘orthodoxy’ is anachronistic for the ante-Nicean age.

ante-Norman adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈnɔːmən/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈnɔrm(ə)n/

now rare = pre-Norman adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi).

ΚΠ

1767 T. Percy Notes & Illustr. Ess. Anc. Minstrels in Reliques (ed. 2) I. p. xlix A learned writer, who had particularly studied the Ante-Norman historians.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. iii. 11 As to the ante-Norman councils.

1939 Scotsman 26 May 13/3 The recently restored fragment..of a church, certainly ante-Norman.

ante-patriarchal adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻpeɪtrɪˈɑːkl/

/ˌantᵻpatrɪˈɑːkl/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/

(a) relating to a time before the biblical patriarchs; (b) relating to a time before patriarchy.

ΚΠ

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 51 Primaeval Sages or antepatriarchal Saracens.

1823 C. Burton Bardiad (ed. 2) 189 To establish the truth of the position assumed in the lines above quoted, we need not elaborate a proof of the ante-patriarchal date of the wonderful poem of Job.

1891 J. S. Stuart-Glennie in L. M. J. Garnett Women of Turkey II. 574 The Marriage sine conventione of the Romans may be regarded as..a survival of the Matriarchal, or at least of the Ante-Patriarchal, Marriage.

1900 H. J. Nieboer Slavery as Industr. Syst. i. i. 24 The adherents of the matriarchal theory have assigned to the Roman-like agnatic family its place as a later product of history; but to the question as to how children were treated in an ante-patriarchal state of culture they have not given much attention.

2008 S. R. Wilf Law Before Law iii. 86 Abraham was portrayed by commentators as resolving certain of the conundrums of the ante-Patriarchal world.

† anterevolutional adj. Obsolete = pre-revolutionary adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [adjective] > before or after

anterevolutional1710

ante-revolutionary1801

post-revolution1838

pre-revolutionary1839

1710 C. Place True Eng. Revolutionist i. 15 In the Anterevolutional Period, the Subjects used to take an Oath of Supremacy to the Prince.

1827 W. Irving Chron. Wolfert's Roost (1855) 220 An old gentleman, whose dress was decidedly ante-revolutional.

1886 Bizarre Notes & Queries May 89 The French peasants still use the anterevolutional weights and measures.

ante-revolutionary adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻrɛvəˈluːʃn̩(ə)ri/

/ˌantᵻrɛvəˈljuːʃn̩(ə)ri/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri/

= pre-revolutionary adj.; cf. earlier anterevolutional adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [adjective] > before or after

anterevolutional1710

ante-revolutionary1801

post-revolution1838

pre-revolutionary1839

1801 Monthly Rev. 34 487 The capitals of every kingdom and state of Italy have been so often described..that nothing now was left to be told, though much remains to be said of them..in their ante-revolutionary state.

1855 Harper's Mag. July 262/1 The subject of this memoir was renowned for his military and political services in the ante-revolutionary period of American history.

1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. iii. 57 With Austria or ante-revolutionary France.

1879 Scribner's Monthly Dec. 300/2 Don't ask in France for tombs of ante-revolutionary heroes.

1908 J. H. Shinn Pioneers & Makers of Arkansas xxxi. 250 The Hogan family dates back in Georgia history to the ante-revolutionary days.

1995 Amer. Periodicals 5 120 The ante-revolutionary histories had somehow to be integrated into the master plot of the national independence of the United States.

(b) With nouns used attributively.

(i)

† ante-bridal adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. II. x. 219 Ante-bridal trepidation.

1899 Denver Evening Post 28 Jan. 1/6 Ante-bridal ball. W. K. Vanderbilt entertains for his prospective daughter-in-law.

1909 Scandia (Kansas) Jrnl. 29 Jan. If a man and woman could have the wish of their ante-bridal days, and ‘be alone in the world forever’, they would stand it about three days.

ante-Reformation adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻrɛfəˈmeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌrɛfərˈmeɪʃən/

ΚΠ

1709 Some Proposals Advancem. Learning (ed. 2) Pref. 2 We have no Ante-Reformation Statutes to Break, nor Superstitious Bounty to Reform.

1852 S. R. Maitland Ess. 165 They had never seen any ante-reformation Waldenses.

1920 Canad. Law Times 40 664 The ancient ante-Reformation territorial constitution of the Church into provinces and dioceses..continued so far as these were not modified by statute.

2001 in J. M. Jeep Medieval Germany (2005) 286 Everyman, printed in 1525, is labeled anti-Reformation, whereas Elckerlyc is characterized as ante-Reformation.

ante-resurrection adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻrɛzəˈrɛkʃn/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˌrɛzəˈrɛkʃən/

ΚΠ

1841 E. F. Hatfield Universalism as it Is xi. 141 They must admit punishment of some kind; but only on two conditions: viz. the limitation of it to mortal life, or at most, the ante-resurrection state, and the absence of all penal inflictions.

1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia iv. 25 The ante-resurrection period.

1907 K. Lake Hist. Evid. Resurrection Jesus Christ vi. 222 The Docetics interpreted the ante-Resurrection life of the Lord in a Docetic manner.

2005 C. M. Brown Aquinas & Ship of Theseus v. 121 The soul of Socrates is not united to matter in the post-death, ante-resurrection state.

ante-sunrise adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈsʌnrʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈsənˌraɪz/

rare

ΚΠ

1842 Chambers's Jrnl. 30 July 231 The dim ante-sunrise light.

1910 W. F. Workman & F. B. Workman Call of Snowy Hispar (1911) iv. 66 The curtain of darkness..is uplifted, glaciers, aretes, and peaks..are revealed, spreading out on all sides in the calm, simple magnificence of ante-sunrise lighting.

(ii)

ante-war adj.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈwɔː/

U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈwɔr/

= antebellum adj.; cf. pre-war adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > pre- or post-war

antebellum1826

postbellum1841

post-war1853

ante-war1857

after-war1871

inter-war1939

between-war1941

1857 Bradford Observer 19 Feb. It is the intention of her Majesty's present ministers..to return to the ante-war average as soon as possible.

1875 Chicago Tribune 25 Aug. 4/2 The talk..of issuing more greenbacks is a mere mask in order to effect the abolition of the National Banks—to make room for the restoration of the red-dog and wild-cat currency of the ante-War days.

1942 J. A. Galston tr. A. Seghers 7th Cross (2004) 385 The orchestra played a tune with which they were familiar and which recalled fond antewar memories.

2004 R. Uwechue Refl. Nigerian Civil War viii. 116 Certain..measures..seem to me totally unavoidable. 1. Restoration of the ante-war constitutional status quo by the suppression of the twelve-state decree, [etc.].

3. With nouns, forming nouns and attributive adjectives; cf. senses 1 and 2b(b).

† ante-noon n. and adj. Obsolete rare (a) n. the morning; = forenoon n.; (b) adj. occurring or existing before noon.In quot. 1903 representing a German-speaker's English.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > morning > [noun]

morn-tideeOE

mornOE

undermealOE

morrowlOE

yeender12..

morningc1275

morrow-tidec1300

morn-whilea1325

morningc1400

forenoon1511

morning-tide1530

matins1604

ante-noon1686

mane1727

a.m.1757

ack emma1909

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. xv. 96 At other hours of the Ante-Noon.

1880 Med. Brief 8 415 The quartian type of intermittent fever very rarely, indeed, occurs before noon, unless after one or more attacks, the paroxysm shall anticipate to the ante-noon period of the day.

1903 Educational (Columbia, S. Carolina) May 76/1 It vas a peutiful Aprily ante-noon oudtside.

ante-spring adj. and n.

Brit.

/ˈantᵻsprɪŋ/

U.S.

/ˈæn(t)əˌsprɪŋ/

now rare (a) adj. occurring or existing before spring; (b) n. a period before spring, esp. one with springlike weather.

ΚΠ

1864 Let. 17 Feb. in T. F. Rodenbough From Everglade to Cañon (1875) App. 534 No signs of the usual spring or ante-spring move, although there are frequent ‘rumors of war’, and occasional ‘saddling-up in hot haste’.

1881 G. Milner Country Pleasures (ed. 2) 2 Our antespring—our premonitory awakening.

1926 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 17 Jan. 2/1 Backyards resound to the beating of dusty rugs and the clamor of ante-spring cleaning.

1948 Washington Post 5 Feb. 10/7 The Jones women are counted on to bloom out in at least three hats a season—ante-spring, spring and neo-spring.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ante-
释义	ante-prefix In noun formations (see sense 1), the primary stress is usually on the prefix. In adjective formations (and occasional related nouns; see sense 2), the primary stress is usually on the element that follows. Forms: 1600s– ante-, 1600s– anti-, 1800s– ant- (before a vowel). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ante-. Etymology: < classical Latin ante-, use as prefix of ante (preposition) before (in time or space), in front of, (adverb) before, in front, previously < the same Italic base as Oscan ant < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἀντί (see anti- prefix).Uses in Latin. In classical Latin ante- is used to form compounds with verbs, as antecēdere antecede v., with verbal nouns, as antecēssor antecessor n., and with other nouns and adjectives on the model of phrases, as antecēnium meal taken earlier in the day than the main meal (after ante cēnam ), antemeridiānus antemeridian adj. ( < ante meridiem ), post-classical Latin antetemplum ante-temple n. Uses in English. Examples of each of the types found in Latin are reflected by borrowings or adaptations in English, directly or through French. New formations within English are found with some frequency from the 17th cent. onwards, e.g. antetype n., anteman n.¹, ante-supper n., anteambulate v., antediluvian adj.; for possible earlier examples compare antetheme n., ante-predicament n. Adjectives formed with this prefix are of two main types, those which have an adjective as second element, e.g. ante-reformational adj. at sense 2b(a)(i), and those which have a noun (which may also occur in attributive use) as second element, e.g. ante-Reformation adj. at sense 2b(b)(i). Those which have an adjective as second element are understood semantically as though they were formed directly on an underlying phrase, hence ante-reformational has (like ante-Reformation ) the meaning ‘from before the Reformation’. Spellings in anti- probably largely result from association with anti- prefix, either in English or in French, although compare also some early formations (especially antechamber n.) that reflect the Italian variant anti-. 1. Forming nouns. a. Preceding in place or position; usually referring to a smaller space entered before another (usually larger) one. See also antechamber n., anteroom n. (a) ante-cavern n. Brit. /ˈantᵻˌkavn/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌkævərn/ ΚΠ 1792 Sentimental & Masonic Mag. Dec. 500 This source springs from a profound cavern, and anti-cavern. This anti-cavern, which occurs at first, is very capacious. 1817 Edinb. Rev. 28 331 The Georgian ladies employ the ante-caverns as dressing rooms. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. xxvii. 178 A narrow corridor, which was his den, conducted to another dark anti-cavern, to the end of which the eye could hardly reach. 2003 T. Ford Abandon All Hope (e-book, accessed 23 Sept. 2015) Finally, they emerged inside a small ante-cavern..with smooth walls and a round ceiling. ante-closet n. Brit. /ˈantᵻˌklɒzɪt/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌklɑzət/ ΚΠ 1646 J. Greaves Pyramidographia 92 This inner Anticloset is separated from the former, by a stone of red speckled marble. 1706 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 2109 Its Entrance, first and second Galleries, Anticlosets. 1860 Lunacy: Copy 14th Rep. Commissioners 131 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 338) XXXIV. 231 Besides the draw-off taps in the sculleries, there are supply taps in each ante-closet for general purposes. 1996 Assemblage 30 70 Where the door slides or folds..in the case of the ordinary hinged door... This is a space I call the ante-closet, the space before the closet. The ante-closet is where one selects clothes. ante-garden n. Brit. /ˈantᵻˌɡɑːdn/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌɡɑrd(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1860 Illustr. London News 8 Dec. 12/3 The ante-garden in the lower part of the ground is laid out with a view to planting out flowering shrubs and evergreens. 1911 Nature 20 July 80/1 Should the Government eventually acquire also the ante-garden for the extension of the Science building now proposed,..the success of the plans of the Prince Consort would be complete. 2008 A. Tait Garden in Hills 37 My two medieval heads on the wall of the ante-garden, peering through rose leaves at visitors, have nothing to say with their lolling tongues. ante-hall n. Brit. /ˈantᵻhɔːl/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌhɔl/ , /ˈæn(t)əˌhɑl/ ΚΠ 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation i. 157/1 The Apartments of the Building..are these following, the Anti-Hall, and Hall, Parlours, Chappels, Dining-Rooms, Withdrawing-Rooms, Bedchambers [etc.] 1796 Duke of Rutland Jrnl. 28 July in Tour N. Parts Great Brit. (1813) 46 You first of all enter into a hall, at one end of which is a billiard-room. From thence you proceed to a spacious and lofty anti-hall. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold III. x. iv. 80 A low, forlorn ante-hall. 1957 Iraq 19 p. i In the ante-hall, busts of Layard showed him as a young man..and also as an elder statesman. 2006 Wang Yan Lai China Lofts 176 The sales office is divided into two main areas, the ante hall and the back parlour. ante-porch n. Brit. /ˈantᵻpɔːtʃ/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌpɔrtʃ/ [compare earlier before porch n. at before adv., prep., conj., and n. Compounds 1a] ΚΠ 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. i. 43 An Atrium Græcum (we may translate it an Anti Porch, after the Greeke manner). 1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) ii. 52 He painted the Propyleum, or Antiporch of the Temple of Minerva. 1817 J. Woods Lett. Architect I. xxvi. 400 There is a little antiporch of the same nature, at the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedim. 1907 M. Hume Through Portugal ix. 303 A long, low, fortress-like structure, with..turrets supporting a massive battlemented ante-porch, with plain pointed arches and Byzantine capitals. 2004 A. Patel Building Communities in Gujarāt 171 Mukhacatuṣkī, four-pillared anteporch. ante-portico n. Brit. /ˈantᵻˌpɔːtᵻkəʊ/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌpɔrdəkoʊ/ ΚΠ 1838 J. Britton Dict. Archit. & Archæol. 13 Antica..a door, a porch, or ante-portico. 1917 Catholic World Dec. 362 Still worse was the experience of Ravenna, notably with regard to the ante-portico of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo. 1956 Art Bull. 38 237 When Eleanor of Toledo entered her future capital in 1539, the decorations at the city gate had still been on a small scale, consisting of an antiportico, which may or may not have been embellished with painting and sculptures. antestomach n. Brit. /ˈantᵻˌstʌmək/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌstəmək/ ΚΠ 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. i. 17 The Gullet..in many birds of this kind immediately above the stomach is dilated into a kind of bag or ante-stomach [L. ventriculum liminarem]. 1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) i. 29 Swallow'd into the Crop..or at least into a kind of Antestomach. 1836 Sat. Mag. 15 Oct. 147/2 Birds have their craw; ruminating beasts their first, or ante-stomach. 1922 Internat. Med. & Surg. Surv. 3 No. 3. i. 415 The permanent secretion is for the purpose of moistening the contents of the 3 antestomachs [of a sheep] and the neutralization of the acids of fermentation. 2001 E. Bingham et al. Patty's Toxicol. (ed. 5) VI. lxxvii. 432 In the oral study, four malignant tumors were reported: a myeloid leukemia, two liver cell carcinomas, and one antestomach carcinoma. (b) † ante-bath n. Obsolete a room opening onto a bath or bathroom. ΚΠ 1817 Edinb. Rev. 28 331 The bathers first enter a vault or antebath. 1900 A. B. Hinds tr. G. Vasari Lives of Painters VIII. 204 For the sake of brevity I omit to speak of the ante-bath, the dressing-room, the little bath full of stucco, and the paintings which adorn the place. ante-church n. Brit. /ˈantᵻtʃəːtʃ/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌtʃərtʃ/ a narthex or antechapel. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun] > west end of ante-church1695 antechapela1701 1695 G. Hooper Disc. Lent ii. vi. 239 The Ante-Church was also subdivided into Two Parts. 1817 J. Storer Hist. & Antiq. Cathedral Churches Great Brit. III. at Landaff Cathedral (note) The porch, antechurch or narthex; the west end of this part was appropriated to common auditors for idle curiosity or serious inquiry, and its east end to catechumens and candidates. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 220 If there is an antechurch, they should be placed there. 1997 Church Times 7 Feb. 5/1 I declared them man and wife. Then, as they knelt down..I saw him in the ante-church—there's a glass screen—so I signalled to the verger, and she went and spoke to him. ante-nave n. Brit. /ˈantᵻneɪv/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌneɪv/ the western part of a divided nave. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > antenave > [noun] ante-temple1670 ante-nave1829 1829 R. Southey All for Love iv. 42 Now before the Holy Door In the Ante-nave they stand. 1911 H. W. Fowler & F. G. Fowler Conc. Oxf. Dict. (1917) 538/1 Narthex, railed-off western portico or ante-nave in early Christian churches for women, penitents, & catechumens. 2003 Daily Post (Liverpool) (Nexis) 10 Feb. 11 He was a generous benefactor to Wrexham Parish Church—gifts included the painting in the ante-nave, said to be a Rubens. b. Preceding in time or order, with the senses ‘previous or anticipatory’, ‘previous or anticipatory to’. (a) ante-dawn n. Brit. /ˈantᵻdɔːn/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌdɔn/ , /ˈæn(t)əˌdɑn/ ΚΠ 1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 49 287 That mysterious ante-dawn—that prelibation of the full daylight..the Zodiacal light. 1919 Living Age 13 Sept. 652/2 Since the days of Asoka, in the ante-dawn of history, India had known no such emperor. 2001 L. Bak Tulpa 40 Twinned faces nesting with the rumbirds, singing in pairs at each antedawn. † ante-disposition n. Obsolete rare ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > antecedent or precursor forerunnerOE forridelc1000 messengerc1300 precursora1500 waymaker1574 postiliona1586 ushera1586 precedence1598 vaunt-courier1598 precedent1599 prodromus1602 ante-disposition1611 precedency1611 prodrome1611 antecedent1612 antedating1633 leading card1635 prodromy1647 antecessor1657 precursorya1660 prodromist1716 morning star1721 skirmisher1820 antecursor1850 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Antidispositione, an antidisposition, or precedent inclination. † ante-luminary n. [apparently a misunderstanding of anti-luminary n. at anti- prefix 1c(b) (based on quot. 1714 at that lemma)] Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Antiluminaries, Preceding Lights. anteoccupation n. Brit. /ˈantɪɒkjᵿˌpeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌɑkjəˌpeɪʃən/ [after classical Latin anteoccupātiōn-, anteoccupātiō anticipation of an opponent's arguments (Cicero)] rare ΚΠ 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Anteoccupation, a preventing or seising first. 1977 Mod. Philol. 74 314 I recommend using anteoccupatio, or, since I prefer to naturalize words imported for regular employment, ‘anteoccupation’. antetaste n. Brit. /ˈantᵻteɪst/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌteɪst/ rare ΚΠ c1729 W. Stukeley Let. in W. C. Lukis Family Mem. W. Stukeley (1882) I. ii. 211 The perfection of the soul..gives us an anti-tast of those seraphic pleasures which we are in full fruition of. 1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall of Rome iv. 165 An antetaste of those dire and bloody struggles. 2008 D. De Rovira Dict. Flavors 109 The antetaste is followed by the middle ground taste, then background taste. (b) ante-eternity n. Brit. /ˈantɪᵻˌtəːnᵻti/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)iəˌtərnədi/ Theology and Philosophy (now rare) (a) the quality of having existed since before the beginning of time; (b) an eternity which existed before the beginning of time. ΚΠ 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 141 He..maintained..the Worlds Ante-Eternity and Incorruptibllity [sic]. a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 194 The promise of eternal Life is as ancient as God himself... As it hath an ante-eternity, so it hath a post-eternity. 1809 Christian Observer Oct. 645 The second of their interpretations..gives to the expression εν αρχῃ the sense of an ante-eternity, or at least of existence prior to creation. 1850 J. H. Newman Let. 17 Jan. in W. Ward Life Cardinal Newman (1912) I. viii. 248 By saying that what did relieve you [sc. Frederick Capes] was the mystery of God's ante-eternity, you seem taking up yourself my very argument. 1873 Primitive Methodist Mag. Mar. 152 Though we give the Son-ship a priority to creation which sets it back into that ante-eternity that foreran time, we are still obliged to have recourse to events that took place in time. 2015 W. Xing in X. Liu Dao Compan. Daoist Philos. v. 106 But what is hengxian? Is it ‘ante-eternity’ or ‘eternal antecedence’? † ante-Noahite n. [ < ante- prefix + Noah (see Noah's Ark n.) + -ite suffix¹] Obsolete a person from before the time of Noah.Apparently an isolated use. N.E.D. (1885), following an earlier edition of Lamb's letters, gave the word as Anti-Noahite, which was consequently entered under Anti-. ΚΠ 1810 C. Lamb Let. 13 Nov. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1978) III. 62 Damn Temperance & them that first invented it, some Ante-Noahite. † antenumber n. Obsolete rare the number that precedes another in order. ΚΠ 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §106 Whatsoever Vertue is in Numbers, for Conducing to Concent of Notes, is rather to be ascribed to the Ante-number than to the Entire Number. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Antenumber, the number that precedes another. 2. Forming adjectives (and occasionally related nouns). a. Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology. Of place or position, chiefly with the sense ‘in front of’. antecaecal adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈsiːkl/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈsik(ə)l/ [after French anticaecal (1859 in the passage translated in quot. 1861)] situated before or in front of the caecum. ΚΠ 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. i. 44 The small intestine or anticæcal [Fr. anticaecal]. 1922 Arch. Diagnosis 14 168 In children..the subcæcal is the commonest position.., the antecæcal being very rare in either. 2008 Jrnl. Med. Case Rep. 2 218/2 The cystic mass, which measured 17.5 cm in length and 4.5 cm in diameter, was identified as a cystic antecaecal appendix. anteconsonantal adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻkɒnsəˈnantl/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌkɑnsəˈnæn(t)l/ Phonetics preceding a consonant. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > consonant > [adjective] > before or after anteconsonantal1888 preconsonantal1896 post-consonantal1905 post-consonantic1935 preconsonant1949 1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. §280 In Godlewa..anteconsonantal [Ger. anteconsonantisches] al sounds almost like the diphthong au. 1937 C. E. Bazell in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 36 6 Part of a plural system wherein j represented before a vowel the ante-consonantal i of the other cases. 2003 M. de Vaan Avestan Vowels vii. 566 The prefix /hu-/ was preserved or restored in the antevocalic position on the model of the anteconsonantal forms in hw-. antecubital adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈkjuːbᵻtl/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈkjubəd(ə)l/ [compare German Antecubitalader one of the veins of an insect's wing (1849)] Anatomy located anterior to or in the bend of the elbow, or on the anterior aspect of the forearm. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > arm > [adjective] > inner side of arm antecubital1852 1852 J. H. Corbett Descr. & Surg. Anat. Arteries 154 This humero-cubital, or anti-cubital space, is somewhat triangular. 1922 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 2 Dec. 1956/2 The nodules in the right antecubital fossa were removed. 1996 T. Clancy Executive Orders viii. 113 He was surprised to see the holy woman with her left sleeve rolled up, a rubber strip tight around her upper arm, and a needle in her antecubital vein. antepectoral adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/ , /ˌantᵻˈpɛkt(ə)rl̩/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈpɛkt(ə)rəl/ [in sense (a) after scientific Latin antepectoralis (1826 in quot. 1826); with sense (b) compare Spanish antepectoral (1838 or earlier)] (a) Entomology located on or attached to the underside of the prothorax (now rare); (b) located in front of or in the anterior part of the thorax, spec. in front of the pectoral fin of a fish. ΚΠ 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 368 Spiracula antepectoralia (the Antepectoral Spiracles), a pair of breathing-pores fixed in the membrane that connects the Antepectus with the Medipectus. 1849 A. Smith Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. IV. at Eremias knoxii Antepectoral fold formed of seven scales. 1863 T. Gill in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1862 235 Pectoral fins oblong... Antepectoral region longitudinally oblong. 1909 Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1908 585 The antepectoral region or ‘head’ is remarkably large. 2011 Russ. Jrnl. Marine Biol. 37 33 The dimensional indexes of antedorsal and ante-pectoral distances..are of the greatest diagnostic value for sex differentiation. b. Of time or order, with the sense ‘earlier than, preceding, before’.For a number of the compounds in this sense there is also a parallel formation with pre- prefix. (a) With adjectives. (i) † ante-Babylonish adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 96 The antebabylonish Jews. 1857 L. Schmitz in W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Geogr. II. 18/2 Josephus gives a minute description [of Jerusalem]..which, as far as it relates to the Old city, will serve for the elucidation of the ante-Babylonish capital. 1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 426/2 Certain ‘high places’ in the ante-Babylonish history of the Jews, known in later times as προσευχαί. ante-baptismal adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻbapˈtɪzml/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌbæpˈtɪzm(ə)l/ , /ˌæn(t)əˌbæbˈtɪzm(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1720 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ VIII. xviii. iii. 128 The Fathers acknowledge only three Sorts of Repentance; the ante-baptismal, for all manner of sins [etc.] 1850 C. Wordsworth Occas. Serm. 1st Ser. 104 Ante-baptismal regeneration. 1963 Studies 52 197 In the obviously old ante-baptismal questions put by Patrick to the daughters of Loigaire is the question: ‘Do you Believe in the unity of the church?’ † ante-Cuvierian adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral i. 5 We say nothing as to doubts of the real owners of these bones, as determined in ante-Cuvierian days. 1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 16 Several of such antecuvierian works must be mentioned. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 440/2 Ante-Cuvierian authors..paid special attention to this suborder. ante-Darwinian n. and adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻdɑːˈwɪnɪən/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌdɑrˈwɪniən/ ΚΠ 1872 Chicago Schoolmaster Feb. 32 To change the caste in which one was born..was as impossible, as to an ante-Darwinian, it would seem for a reptile to become a lion or an elephant. 1873 Nation 16 Oct. 259/2 Mr. Bentham..had not..touched upon questions of origination in the ante-Darwinian era. 1910 P. E. Moore Shelburne Ess. 7th ser. 247 Lamarck, the greatest of the scientific ante-Darwinians. 1928 E. D. Martin in C. A. Beard Whither Mankind xv. 365 Popular religious beliefs are still parochial, pre-Newtonian, ante-Darwinian. 2012 M. Wainwright Toward Sociobiological Hermeneutic i. 3 With a provenance that traces back to ancient Greek philosophy, pangenesis is ante-Darwinian. ante-Gothic adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈɡɒθɪk/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈɡɑθɪk/ now rare ΚΠ 1831 Jrnl. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 1 224 M. de Lassaux..had arrived in various ways at the conviction that what are called the gothic and ante-gothic styles of architecture..are not only the most appropriate for churches, but also the cheapest. 1859 R. A. Wilson New Hist. Conquest Mexico vi. 251 (note) The ante-Gothic population of the Peninsula. 1928 C. E. Laughlin So you're going to France! i. 32 That the lover of mediaevalism,..of Gothic and ante-Gothic architecture, should make a pilgrimage to the Mount, needs no comprehending. ante-initial adj. Brit. /ˌantɪɪˈnɪʃl/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)iᵻˈnɪʃəl/ ΚΠ 1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 6 The Chapters ante-initial and post-initial. 1906 G. Saintsbury Hist. Eng. Prosody I. i. ii. 27 There is what may be called an ante-initial difficulty of a further kind. 2000 A. Williams in A. Williams et al. Lit., Markets & Media in Germany & Austria Today 274 He..places Odysseus as the final curtain falls in an ante-initial pose, his unsheathed sword frozen like a searing priapus as the 'lightly clad' Penelope winds herself around him. ante-Justinianian adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻdʒʌˈstɪnɪən/ , /ˌantᵻdʒəˈstɪnɪən/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)ədʒəˈstɪniən/ (also ante-Justinianean) now rare ΚΠ 1821 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 387 The first of them, the Institutions of Gaius,..is a treatise on the civil law of the Antejustinianean age. 1836 D. Hoffman Course Legal Study (ed. 2) II. 543 The brief notice which is made of these jurisconsults by the author [sc. Pothier], is all that is essential to be known of them in the study of ante-Justinianian jurisprudence. 1880 J. Muirhead Inst. of Gaius & Rules of Ulpian Introd. p. vii Any question of Ante-Justinianian law. 1926 P. T. Fenn Origin of Right of Fishery in Territorial Waters iii. 39 This situation was met in connection with the ante-Justinianian jurisprudence. 1978 A. A. Schiller Rom. Law xi. 524 Jurisitic writings in the Digest and in ante-Justinianian sources. ante-posthumous adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈpɒstʃᵿməs/ , /ˌantᵻˈpɒstjᵿməs/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈpɑstʃəməs/ , /ˌæn(t)əpɑˈstjuməs/ ΚΠ 1802 J. Murray Let. 2 June in T. Constable A. Constable & his Lit. Correspondents (1873) I. vii. 376 It would be hazardous to offer any important sum for her works, either published or ante-posthumous. 1833 Fraser's Mag. May 627 Those who utter such stuff must be anxious to obtain, as cheaply as possible, an ante-posthumous reputation for excessive morality. 1855 N. Wiseman Fabiola 220 The old capsarius as he had had himself rattlingly called in his ante-posthumous inscription. 1986 H. Lane tr. A. A. Roa Bastos I, Supreme 222 Arms dipped in salute to Belgrano, who beams with pleasure at this anteposthumous honor. † ante-reformational adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1846 Proc. Oxf. Soc. Gothic Archit. Easter & Trinity Terms 25 It was manifest that in all general matters the post-reformational idea of Catholic church-arrangement was identical with the ante-reformational one. 1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. iii. 73 Bishop Osmond, the regulator of the ante-reformational English ritual. (ii) ante-Christian adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈkrɪstʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌantᵻˈkrɪstjən/ , /ˌantᵻˈkrɪstɪən/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈkrɪstʃən/ = pre-Christian adj. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > pre- or post-Christian ante-Christian1820 post-apostolical1827 pre-Christian1828 post-apostolic1829 1820 Edinb. Rev. Aug. 184 The West Goths expressly deduced the series of their judges from the ante-christian era. 1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia iii. iii. 270 What was the ante-Christian doctrine respecting the condition of the dead? 1883 Harper's Mag. Dec. 4/1 The Christian and ante-Christian feeling blend in the happy season. 1996 Church Hist. 65 784 His work also includes such great ante-Christian rhetors as Demosthenes and Cicero, and many more. ante-Columbian adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻkəˈlʌmbɪən/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əkəˈləmbiən/ now rare = pre-Columbian adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi). ΚΠ 1837 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 31 410 The original Old Northern or ancient Icelandic text, which all cultivators and admirers of the history of the Ante-Columbian epochs of America will now have it in their power to consult. 1875 Harper's Mag. Feb. 452 An international congress..to bring together all persons who are interested in the ante-Columbian history of America. 1956 M. L. Williams in Schoolcraft's Indian Legends Introd. p. xv The men of the Enlightenment sought to unravel the mystery of ante-Columbian civilizations through a variety of ingenious theories. † ante-ecclesiastical adj. Obsolete (a) relating to a time before the existence of a church; (b) relating to a time before ordainment for Christian duties. ΚΠ 1829 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 39 361 Its [sc. Durham's] ante-ecclesiastical history. 1899 Rec. Amer. Catholic Hist. Soc. Philadelphia 10 157 Fr. Clarke..had spent a large part of his ante-ecclesiastical life at Carthage. ante-historic adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻhɪˈstɒrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əhɪˈstɔrɪk/ = prehistoric adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of prehistoric periods prolepticala1646 ante-historical1724 ante-historic1828 lacustrine1830 palaeotherian1831 prehistoric1832 Siwalik1836 megalithic1839 subarctic1846 meta-historical1854 prehistorical1854 lithic1862 protolithic1863 Archaeolithic1865 lacustrian1865 Palaeolithic1865 Mesolithic1866 Hallstatt1869 microlithic1872 palaeocosmic1875 Silurian1875 Miolithic1877 archilithic1879 eneolithic1886 palaeolithical1887 Solutrian1888 eolithic1890 Hallstattian1893 Chellean1894 pre-Palaeolithic1894 palaeolithoid1896 protolithic1896 Siculian1896 Siculic1896 Azilian1899 Acheulean1901 Villanova1901 chalcolithic1902 sub-Neolithic1903 Mesvinian1905 protoneolithic1906 Sicanian1909 Siculan1909 Aurignacian1914 Getulian1914 Châtelperron1915 epipalaeolithic1921 Creswellian1926 Capsian1928 Villanovan1928 Chelleo-Acheulean1930 Abbevillian1934 Swiderian1936 dryas1946 Shamvaian1947 Mazovian1965 Devensian1968 talayotic1974 1828 Foreign Q. Rev. June 528 Suppose in future ages the history of the last ten centuries should be sunk into as complete oblivion as that of the ante-historic period of Europe now is. 1834 H. N. Coleridge Introd. Greek Poets (ed. 2) 99 This..event..is involved in the same thick mist of ante-historic antiquity. 1954 Amer. Anthropologist 56 165 The ante-historic stretches of pre-history may come to be as closely charted chronologically as the para- or tele-historic. 1990 B. Rojtman in E. Spolsky Uses of Adversity v. 113 For each gesture of Abraham binding his son on the altar, says the Midrash, the Holy-One-Blessed-Be-He reproduces its sign in the antehistoric or ahistoric, celestial universe. ante-historical adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻhɪˈstɒrᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əhɪˈstɔrək(ə)l/ = prehistoric adj. 1; cf. prehistorical adj. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of prehistoric periods prolepticala1646 ante-historical1724 ante-historic1828 lacustrine1830 palaeotherian1831 prehistoric1832 Siwalik1836 megalithic1839 subarctic1846 meta-historical1854 prehistorical1854 lithic1862 protolithic1863 Archaeolithic1865 lacustrian1865 Palaeolithic1865 Mesolithic1866 Hallstatt1869 microlithic1872 palaeocosmic1875 Silurian1875 Miolithic1877 archilithic1879 eneolithic1886 palaeolithical1887 Solutrian1888 eolithic1890 Hallstattian1893 Chellean1894 pre-Palaeolithic1894 palaeolithoid1896 protolithic1896 Siculian1896 Siculic1896 Azilian1899 Acheulean1901 Villanova1901 chalcolithic1902 sub-Neolithic1903 Mesvinian1905 protoneolithic1906 Sicanian1909 Siculan1909 Aurignacian1914 Getulian1914 Châtelperron1915 epipalaeolithic1921 Creswellian1926 Capsian1928 Villanovan1928 Chelleo-Acheulean1930 Abbevillian1934 Swiderian1936 dryas1946 Shamvaian1947 Mazovian1965 Devensian1968 talayotic1974 1724 J. Beaumont Gleanings Antiq. i. 50 Doctrines..which have been derived to us from the antient Mythical or Ante-historical Times. 1822 Eclectic Rev. Feb. 106 The first epoch is that of the ante-historical age,—Spain in the time of the Phenicians and the Greeks. 1914 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 27 3 No two tribes have been more important in historical and ante-historical times than the Sioux and the Iroquois. 2010 J. D. Caputo in L. Boeve & C. Brabant Between Philos. & Theol. iii. 36 The event does not come from outside time but from within it, as a kind [of] ante-historical beat whose pulsations are felt in chronological time. ante-human adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈhjuːmən/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈ(h)jumən/ relating to a time before the existence of humans; cf. prehuman adj. ΚΠ 1746 H. Winder Crit. & Chronol. Hist. Rise Knowl. II. vi. 69 When a Writer describes those ante-human Transactions as distinctly, as those which he was an Eye-witness of. 1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism ii. 264 He fills up the ante-human space..by an array of spiritual machinery. 1921 J. J. Putnam Addr. Psycho-analysis ix. 168 Fear may be primitive and natural; it may point back even to ante-human ancestral experiences. 1996 E. Meir in E. L. Fackenheim & R. Jospe Jewish Philos. & Acad. 162 The work of art would reflect ante-human splendor. Humanity would bring man back to nature, with its founding human language. ante-jentacular adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻdʒɛnˈtakjᵿlə/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌdʒɛnˈtækjələr/ literary (chiefly humorous) pre-breakfast. ΘΚΠ the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > morning > [adjective] earlyOE rathea1425 matutinalc1450 matutinec1450 morning1535 antemeridian1592 betimely1594 grey-eyed1597 matins1643 ante-jentacular1796 matinal1803 matutinary1858 pre-luncheon1909 1796 J. Bentham Let. 16 Dec. in Corr. (1981) V. 339 Sleep rather a difficult operation [because of toothache]... Ante-jentacular walk muffled with two handkerchiefs. 1811 A. Knox Let. 12 Aug. in J. Jebb & A. Knox Thirty Years' Corr. (1834) II. 44 This ante-jentacular hour. 1867 Temple Bar Feb. 338 A boy condemned to a hard mattress and scanty bedclothes, to a public pump and a jack-towel, to early chapel and anti-jentacular (I believe that's the right thing now) repetition, ought not to have been so susceptible. 1996 M. Morton Cupboard Love 285 The Latin word for hungry—jejunus—appears in English as part of the term ante-jentacular, meaning before breakfast; typical ante-jentacular behaviour is characterized by blurred vision, a shuffling gait, and an intolerance for children and pets. † ante-judiciary adj. Obsolete that takes place before judgement or before court proceedings; cf. prejudiciary adj.² ΚΠ 1661 T. White Devotion & Reason i. ii. 16 The Greek Church holds the antejudiciary releasing of souls out of Purgatory. 1679 M. Prance Addit. Narr. 50 Purgatory, or Antejudiciary and intermedial delivery of souls. 1809 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 92 Criminal tribunals, if properly constituted, would be the best depositaries of all the powers, whether antejudiciary or postjudiciary, immediately necessary to their own decisions. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 344/2 The employment of police powers in the ante-judiciary part of criminal process..has become a necessity. † ante-metallic adj. Obsolete = premetallic adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi). ΚΠ 1851 R. G. Latham in Tacitus Germania vi. 36 (note) In Gothic archaeology it is well known that the so-called metallic age is separated from the so-called ante-metallic by a broad line of demarcation. 1885 F. Hirth China & Rom. Orient 302 Broca..has..drawn attention to the traces of trepanning executed by means of stones on human skulls found in graves of the ante-metallic period. antemortal adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈmɔːtl/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈmɔrd(ə)l/ = premortal adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi). ΚΠ 1848 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 2nd Ser. (ed. 2) 370 If a spirit..were to revisit this home of its antemortal existence. 1907 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 34 213 It is impossible to construct a definite antemortal psychopathology. 2009 D. C. Peterson in V. R. Sasson & J. M. Law Imagining Fetus 209 The origin of the five canonical daily Muslim prayers is also connected with this stage of Muhammad's antemortal existence. ante-Mosaic adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻmə(ʊ)ˈzeɪɪk/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əmoʊˈzeɪɪk/ now rare existing or occurring before the time of Moses; pre-Mosaic. ΚΠ 1692 L. Milbourne Myst. in Relig. Vindicated 613 If these Ante-Mosaic Ceremonies were not the same with those from Sinai.., then those from Sinai might, with as little Inconvenience, be laid aside. 1747 B. Kennicott Two Diss. ii. 155 The Institution of a Sabbath was observ'd, during the Ante-Mosaic Oeconomy. 1828 Cleave's Penny Gaz. 2 June 2/2 Those earlier biblical records, which narrate the lives and illustrate the faith and worship of the ante-Mosaic patriarchs. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick civ. 509 This antemosaic, unsourced existence of the unspeakable terrors of the whale. 1933 Arizona Republic 8 May 2/1 This word [sc. amen] is of universal use... Ante-Mosaic lips handed it down to ancient Judaism. † ante-Mosaical adj. Obsolete = pre-Mosaic adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi). ΚΠ 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 283 I look upon all other [books] that pretend to be ante-Mosaical or patriarchal, as spurious and fabulous. 1827 G. S. Faber Origin Expiat. Sacrifice Pref. p. vi As the outward sign of an atonement had not been divinely instituted during the primitive or antemosaical ages; so neither had the doctrine..been as yet divinely revealed. 1879 J. K. Burr Comm. Bk. Job (xlii. 8) 297/1 That there should be the twofold recognition of the sacred and complete number seven, points to an ante-Mosaical, if not patriarchal, period for the life of Job. ante-Nicean adj. and n. Brit. /ˌantᵻnʌɪˈsiːən/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌnaɪˈsiən/ (also ante-Nicaean) (a) adj. existing or occurring before the first Council of Nicea ( a.d. 325); (b) n. an ante-Nicaean writer (rare).Cf. ante-Nicene adj. and n. ΚΠ a1751 Visct. Bolingbroke Philos. Wks. (1754) III. iv. 36 Bishop Bull has ventured to assert, that the antenicean fathers had agreed on this subject ‘ad unum’. 1896 W. H. S. Aubrey Rise & Growth of Eng. Nation II. 393 Laud..strove to establish..the Anglican communion as a branch of the great Catholic Church..; with a claim of unbroken descent from the Ante-Nicean Councils. 1925 Amer. Hist. Rev. 30 418 The introduction and most of the concluding chapter on the later Anteniceans is by Father J. de Ghellinck. 2006 B. D. Ehrman Stud. in Textual Crit. New Test. viii. 146 The term ‘orthodoxy’ is anachronistic for the ante-Nicean age. ante-Norman adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈnɔːmən/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈnɔrm(ə)n/ now rare = pre-Norman adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi). ΚΠ 1767 T. Percy Notes & Illustr. Ess. Anc. Minstrels in Reliques (ed. 2) I. p. xlix A learned writer, who had particularly studied the Ante-Norman historians. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. iii. 11 As to the ante-Norman councils. 1939 Scotsman 26 May 13/3 The recently restored fragment..of a church, certainly ante-Norman. ante-patriarchal adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻpeɪtrɪˈɑːkl/ , /ˌantᵻpatrɪˈɑːkl/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/ (a) relating to a time before the biblical patriarchs; (b) relating to a time before patriarchy. ΚΠ a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 51 Primaeval Sages or antepatriarchal Saracens. 1823 C. Burton Bardiad (ed. 2) 189 To establish the truth of the position assumed in the lines above quoted, we need not elaborate a proof of the ante-patriarchal date of the wonderful poem of Job. 1891 J. S. Stuart-Glennie in L. M. J. Garnett Women of Turkey II. 574 The Marriage sine conventione of the Romans may be regarded as..a survival of the Matriarchal, or at least of the Ante-Patriarchal, Marriage. 1900 H. J. Nieboer Slavery as Industr. Syst. i. i. 24 The adherents of the matriarchal theory have assigned to the Roman-like agnatic family its place as a later product of history; but to the question as to how children were treated in an ante-patriarchal state of culture they have not given much attention. 2008 S. R. Wilf Law Before Law iii. 86 Abraham was portrayed by commentators as resolving certain of the conundrums of the ante-Patriarchal world. † anterevolutional adj. Obsolete = pre-revolutionary adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [adjective] > before or after anterevolutional1710 ante-revolutionary1801 post-revolution1838 pre-revolutionary1839 1710 C. Place True Eng. Revolutionist i. 15 In the Anterevolutional Period, the Subjects used to take an Oath of Supremacy to the Prince. 1827 W. Irving Chron. Wolfert's Roost (1855) 220 An old gentleman, whose dress was decidedly ante-revolutional. 1886 Bizarre Notes & Queries May 89 The French peasants still use the anterevolutional weights and measures. ante-revolutionary adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻrɛvəˈluːʃn̩(ə)ri/ , /ˌantᵻrɛvəˈljuːʃn̩(ə)ri/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri/ = pre-revolutionary adj.; cf. earlier anterevolutional adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [adjective] > before or after anterevolutional1710 ante-revolutionary1801 post-revolution1838 pre-revolutionary1839 1801 Monthly Rev. 34 487 The capitals of every kingdom and state of Italy have been so often described..that nothing now was left to be told, though much remains to be said of them..in their ante-revolutionary state. 1855 Harper's Mag. July 262/1 The subject of this memoir was renowned for his military and political services in the ante-revolutionary period of American history. 1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. iii. 57 With Austria or ante-revolutionary France. 1879 Scribner's Monthly Dec. 300/2 Don't ask in France for tombs of ante-revolutionary heroes. 1908 J. H. Shinn Pioneers & Makers of Arkansas xxxi. 250 The Hogan family dates back in Georgia history to the ante-revolutionary days. 1995 Amer. Periodicals 5 120 The ante-revolutionary histories had somehow to be integrated into the master plot of the national independence of the United States. (b) With nouns used attributively. (i) † ante-bridal adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. II. x. 219 Ante-bridal trepidation. 1899 Denver Evening Post 28 Jan. 1/6 Ante-bridal ball. W. K. Vanderbilt entertains for his prospective daughter-in-law. 1909 Scandia (Kansas) Jrnl. 29 Jan. If a man and woman could have the wish of their ante-bridal days, and ‘be alone in the world forever’, they would stand it about three days. ante-Reformation adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻrɛfəˈmeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌrɛfərˈmeɪʃən/ ΚΠ 1709 Some Proposals Advancem. Learning (ed. 2) Pref. 2 We have no Ante-Reformation Statutes to Break, nor Superstitious Bounty to Reform. 1852 S. R. Maitland Ess. 165 They had never seen any ante-reformation Waldenses. 1920 Canad. Law Times 40 664 The ancient ante-Reformation territorial constitution of the Church into provinces and dioceses..continued so far as these were not modified by statute. 2001 in J. M. Jeep Medieval Germany (2005) 286 Everyman, printed in 1525, is labeled anti-Reformation, whereas Elckerlyc is characterized as ante-Reformation. ante-resurrection adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻrɛzəˈrɛkʃn/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˌrɛzəˈrɛkʃən/ ΚΠ 1841 E. F. Hatfield Universalism as it Is xi. 141 They must admit punishment of some kind; but only on two conditions: viz. the limitation of it to mortal life, or at most, the ante-resurrection state, and the absence of all penal inflictions. 1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia iv. 25 The ante-resurrection period. 1907 K. Lake Hist. Evid. Resurrection Jesus Christ vi. 222 The Docetics interpreted the ante-Resurrection life of the Lord in a Docetic manner. 2005 C. M. Brown Aquinas & Ship of Theseus v. 121 The soul of Socrates is not united to matter in the post-death, ante-resurrection state. ante-sunrise adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈsʌnrʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈsənˌraɪz/ rare ΚΠ 1842 Chambers's Jrnl. 30 July 231 The dim ante-sunrise light. 1910 W. F. Workman & F. B. Workman Call of Snowy Hispar (1911) iv. 66 The curtain of darkness..is uplifted, glaciers, aretes, and peaks..are revealed, spreading out on all sides in the calm, simple magnificence of ante-sunrise lighting. (ii) ante-war adj. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈwɔː/ , U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈwɔr/ = antebellum adj.; cf. pre-war adj. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > pre- or post-war antebellum1826 postbellum1841 post-war1853 ante-war1857 after-war1871 inter-war1939 between-war1941 1857 Bradford Observer 19 Feb. It is the intention of her Majesty's present ministers..to return to the ante-war average as soon as possible. 1875 Chicago Tribune 25 Aug. 4/2 The talk..of issuing more greenbacks is a mere mask in order to effect the abolition of the National Banks—to make room for the restoration of the red-dog and wild-cat currency of the ante-War days. 1942 J. A. Galston tr. A. Seghers 7th Cross (2004) 385 The orchestra played a tune with which they were familiar and which recalled fond antewar memories. 2004 R. Uwechue Refl. Nigerian Civil War viii. 116 Certain..measures..seem to me totally unavoidable. 1. Restoration of the ante-war constitutional status quo by the suppression of the twelve-state decree, [etc.]. 3. With nouns, forming nouns and attributive adjectives; cf. senses 1 and 2b(b). † ante-noon n. and adj. Obsolete rare (a) n. the morning; = forenoon n.; (b) adj. occurring or existing before noon.In quot. 1903 representing a German-speaker's English. ΘΚΠ the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > morning > [noun] morn-tideeOE mornOE undermealOE morrowlOE yeender12.. morningc1275 morrow-tidec1300 morn-whilea1325 morningc1400 forenoon1511 morning-tide1530 matins1604 ante-noon1686 mane1727 a.m.1757 ack emma1909 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. xv. 96 At other hours of the Ante-Noon. 1880 Med. Brief 8 415 The quartian type of intermittent fever very rarely, indeed, occurs before noon, unless after one or more attacks, the paroxysm shall anticipate to the ante-noon period of the day. 1903 Educational (Columbia, S. Carolina) May 76/1 It vas a peutiful Aprily ante-noon oudtside. ante-spring adj. and n. Brit. /ˈantᵻsprɪŋ/ , U.S. /ˈæn(t)əˌsprɪŋ/ now rare (a) adj. occurring or existing before spring; (b) n. a period before spring, esp. one with springlike weather. ΚΠ 1864 Let. 17 Feb. in T. F. Rodenbough From Everglade to Cañon (1875) App. 534 No signs of the usual spring or ante-spring move, although there are frequent ‘rumors of war’, and occasional ‘saddling-up in hot haste’. 1881 G. Milner Country Pleasures (ed. 2) 2 Our antespring—our premonitory awakening. 1926 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 17 Jan. 2/1 Backyards resound to the beating of dusty rugs and the clamor of ante-spring cleaning. 1948 Washington Post 5 Feb. 10/7 The Jones women are counted on to bloom out in at least three hats a season—ante-spring, spring and neo-spring. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < prefix1611
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