† forbidn.
Obsolete. rare.
A forbidding. (Cf. forbode n.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [noun] > a prohibition
forbodea1000
nayc1390
negativec1400
restraint1439
non1551
countermandment1560
countermand1581
estoppel1583
forbid1602
embarment1606
embargo1692
don'ta1826
forbiddance1855
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 338 For what is more innouate preposterous, and beyond all gods forbid, then this new fanglenes in you to prefer [etc.].
1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen ii. 72 With what an evident Forbid, the Jewish Law directs this permit of animal Food.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
† forbidadj.
Obsolete.
= forbidden adj. forbid tree n. (see quot. 1662).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [adjective] > prohibited
forbiddenc1200
defendedc1405
prohibit?a1475
vetite?a1500
prohibited?1532
disallowed1539
forbid1599
inhibiteda1616
verboten1866
no-no1972
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 2 By tasting of that Fruite forbid.
1662 S. Pepys Diary 14 Aug. (1970) III. 165 Many trees there [i.e. in the Forest of Dean] left at a great fall in Edward the Thirds time, by the name of ‘forbid-trees’, which at this day are called ‘Vorbid trees’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
forbidv.
/fəˈbɪd/, U.S. /fərˈbɪd/, /fɔrˈbɪd/ 1. transitive. To command (a person or persons) not to do, have, use, or indulge in (something), or not to enter (a place); to prohibit. In many diverse constructions.† c. with personal object and negative clause. Obsolete.
a. with double object, of the person (originally dative), and of the thing prohibited. Also in passive with either the person or the thing as subject; in the latter case, the indirect object, if a noun, is preceded by to.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)]
forwarnc893
warnc893
forbidOE
forhightc1315
defendc1325
forfend1382
dischargec1450
prohibit?a1475
bidc1475
withsay1484
fenda1500
abara1504
prohibit1526
debara1529
forbodec1540
exempt1553
forspeak1565
disbar1567
forsay1579
enjoin1589
abjudicate1602
countermanda1616
forjudge1675
restrict1766
oppose1814
fen1823
embargo1824
nix1903
ixnay1937
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1048 And cwæð þet se papa hit him for~boden hæfde.
a1175 Cott. Hom. 223 Hwi for-bead ȝeu god þes trowes westm.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2984 Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9158 He..Þat þeym þe lond furst furbed.
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 519 Forbeed us thing, and that desire we.
c1394 P. Pl. Crede 769 God wold..fals freres [were] forboden þe fayre ladis chaumbres!
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13029 He for-bedd him þat womman.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 21 That is forboden vs by holy chyrche.
?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Di It was ordeynyd that preestis grekes myght haue wyfis which to preestis latens was forboden.
1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. K4 To be forbod the sweets that seemes so good.
1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 20 There be some other Interuals, very rare, and forbidden to yong beginners.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 385 The chast and holy Race Are all forbidden this polluted Place.
1710 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 20 July (1965) I. 44 My Sex is usually forbid studys of this Nature.
1793 W. Cowper On Spaniel Beau ii Against my orders, whom you heard Forbidding you the prey.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila i. ii. 14 When strength and courage are forbid me.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 351 The archbishop..had long been forbidden the court.
1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iv. 187 Their [the Turks'] religion forbids them every sort of painting.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vi. 52 Will you forbid him the house where I know he's safe?
b. with personal object (in Old English either dative or accusative) and an infinitive (formerly with for to; rarely without to) as second object.
ΚΠ
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 14 Nelle ge hig for-beodan cuman to me.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6499 Till herode king onnȝænn he þeȝȝm forrbæd to turrnenn.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 44 Þe appel þet ich loki on is for bode me to eoten. naut to bi halden.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xvi. 6 Thei..weren forbodyn of the Hooly Gost for to speke the word of God in Asya.
c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. xxv He lackiþ inwarde comfort, & he is forboden to seke eny outwarde.
1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. 42v, in Bulwarke of Defence We be also forboden to use repercussiues.
?1605 J. Davies Wittes Pilgrimage sig. H2 But..I am forbod..to tell it you.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 427 You may as well Forbid the Sea for to obey the Moone. View more context for this quotation
1817 Ld. Ellenborough in Maule & Selwyn Rep. VI. 316 He distinctly forbids the defendants to accept any more of their drafts.
ΚΠ
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 675 Swa ic for beode þe and ealle þe biscopas þe æfter ðe cumon..þæt ge nan onsting ne hauen of þæt mynstre.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 187 Ich for beode ow ne leue ȝe naut þeose sondes men deofles.
c1275 Passion 581 in Old Eng. Misc. 53 Iesus..hire þo for-bed, Þat heo attryne ne scolde his honde ne his fet.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 85 By þese trees þe grete kyng Alexander was forbode, þat he schulde neuere come in Babylon.
1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. B3 She silly Queene..Forbad the boy he should not passe those grounds.
d. with omission of personal object, and with the thing prohibited expressed (a) by noun or pronoun (†const. from); (b) by an infinitive; (c) by an obj.-sentence (in early use with a negative, which the later idiom omits); (d) by object and infinitive.
ΚΠ
(a)
(b)c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1147 To defowle hit euer vpon folde fast he forbedes.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxiii. f. cxv Forbiddynge to paye tribute to Cesar.1723 State of Russia II. 282 For which reason he had forbidden to carry anybody of his Majesty's Retinue over the River.(c)c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 2 For-beodende þæt man þam casere gafol ne sealde.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 496 The king..vorbed that me ne ssolde non of is lond sowe.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 8 Þis heste uorbyet þet non ne ssel slaȝe oþren.1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 71 Yt is forboden vnder payne of cursynge, that no man shulde haue ne drawe eny texte of holy scrypture in to englysshe.1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent iv. 355 It was forbid..that the Patrone..should not make the presentation to any but the Bishop.a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 121 He forbad that not any body should..use a silver drinking cup.(d)c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiii. 2 We han founden this man..forbedinge tributis to be ȝouun to Cesar.1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 137 Another Law, that forbiddeth it to be put in execution.1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music v. 75 This [the Swiss] Song..is forbid to be sung among their Regiments hired in the Service of other Nations.1865 C. Knight School Hist. Eng. iv. 115 The governor of the Castle forbad the Church Service to be performed.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 115 He scal..heordom for-beodan.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Þe holie boc hit forbet.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 8 Ine þis heste ys uorbede zenne of hate.
1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy i, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 15 Almighty God From Great Doctours hath this Science forbod.
1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 78 b Wyne is not to be forboden.
1671 Lady M. Bertie in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 23 They say the King hath put out a Proclamation to for~bid maskerades.
1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 67 In the Year 325, Gladiators were expressly forbid.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 34 I..think that the Lacedaemonian law~giver was right in forbidding pleasure.
e. with the personal object only. Const. from, †of (a thing). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > prohibit a person from doing something
forbidc1175
to say naya1393
prohibit1483
embarc1506
inhibitc1540
restrain1544
interdictc1575
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 He þe wule forbeode of his eȝane onsiht.
a1400 Coer de L. 3795 In Godys name I thee for~bede..Ryche ne pore lat non leve.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) viii. 87 Therefore wolde he [David] make the Temple in that place: but oure Lord forbade him.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Ciiv I forbede all singular persons from the studyeng of this treatise.
1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Pardoner & Frere sig. B.ii Of all temporall seruice are we forbode.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. vi. sig. Dd7v Whom though he oft forbad, Yet for no bidding..Would he restrayned be from his attendement. View more context for this quotation
1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 117 The soldiers wished to take part in it also; and, though forbidden, forced their way into the palace.
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 122 He forbade both men and women from entering them.
1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power ii. 61 He forbad Hilary Bishop of Narbonne from all metropolitan rights.
f. absol. or with ellipsis of both objects.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (intransitive)]
to say nay?a1300
forbida1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iv. 19 Haue patience Noble Duke, I may not open, The Cardinall of Winchester forbids ! View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 62 Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offerd good. View more context for this quotation
2. In various modified uses.† c. with weakened sense: To argue or give one's opinion against. Obsolete.† d. To deny, refuse. Obsolete.† e. To defy, challenge.† f. To lay under a ban, curse, interdict.
a. figurative. To exclude, keep back, hinder, restrain. Now chiefly of circumstances, conditions, etc.: To constitute a prohibition or imperative reason against; to render impossible or undesirable.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)]
pindeOE
steerc950
hold971
forbidc1000
withstewc1175
withholdc1200
stewa1225
crempa1250
bistintc1300
i-stillc1315
withdraw1340
entemperc1380
rebukec1380
forfenda1382
refraina1382
refrainc1390
restraina1393
restayc1400
retainc1415
to hold abackc1440
overholda1450
reclaim?c1450
revokec1450
bedwynge1480
sniba1500
repressa1525
rein1531
inhibit1535
to keep back1535
cohibit1544
reprimec1550
lithe1552
to rein up1574
check1581
embridle1583
to rein in1593
retrench1594
refrenate1599
to hold back1600
snip1601
becheck1605
sneap1611
trasha1616
supersede1645
reprimand1689
snape1691
to clap a guy on1814
to pull up1861
to pull in1893
withstrain1904
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)]
forbidc1000
forrunc1275
forbar1303
before-comec1384
withstanda1400
withholdc1400
prevenec1485
supprime1490
interrupt1497
resist?a1513
prevent1522
discourage1528
prohibit1531
stop1534
forleta1555
bar1559
to bar by and main1567
disbar1567
to cut off1576
embar1577
forestall1579
obvent1588
cancel1594
waylay1625
suppress1651
antevene1655
arceate1657
exarceate1657
interpel1722
stump1858
estop1876
plug1887
pre-empt1957
deter1961
c1000 Psalms cxix. 101 Fram eallum wege yfelu ic forbead fet mine.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxiii. 13 For bede þi tonge fra ill.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. v. 25 Ȝoure synnes forbediden good fro ȝou.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie F 847 To forbidde, to lette, to stoppe, inhibeo.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §596 The way to hasten the Breeding of Salt-Petre, is to forbid the Sunne, and the Growth of Vegetables.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 Clouds of smouldring Smoke, forbad the Sacrifice. View more context for this quotation
1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xii. 148 Whose spreading Arms..Forbid the Tempest, and protect the Ground.
1751 T. Gray Elegy xvii. 8 Th' Applause of list'ning Senates to command..Their Lot forbad.
1799 R. B. Sheridan Pizarro iv. i The state I left her in forbids all hope.
1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 19 A pool, that effectually forbids the foot of the explorer.
1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 138 His limits forbade him to draw copiously.
1870 T. H. Huxley Critiques & Addr. (1890) 51 The Bible..forbids the veriest hind..to be ignorant of the existence of other countries and other civilizations.
b. In deprecatory phrase God, Heaven, the Lord forbid, usually with a clause or sentence as direct object, rarely with an indirect object; also absol. as an exclamation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > expressions of remonstrance [phrase]
God, Heaven, the Lord forbid?c1225
God shield1297
God shend1530
God forshield (that‥)a1549
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [phrase] > God forbid
God, Heaven, the Lord forbid?c1225
God's forbode1377
God (etc.) forfend1530
the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > expression of protest or remonstrance [interjection]
God, Heaven, the Lord forbid1611
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 7 God forbeode.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 910 God forbede but a woman can Ben as trewe and lovynge as a man.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4372 Godd forbedd i suld him suike.
a1400–50 Alexander 5590 Nay, driȝtin for-bede!
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 255 I warne ȝow of a thing, To happyn thame (as god forbeid!)
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 624 Gret god forbede it suld be so with this.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 39/1 Oure Lorde forbydde, that you loue together the worse, for the selfe cause that you ought to loue the better.
a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. A6v The heauens forbid your highnes such mishap.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 196 This Lord go to him. Iupiter forbid . View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xi. 19 My God forbid it mee that I should doe this thing. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Gal. ii. 7 God forbid . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 18 Fortune forbid my out-side haue not charm'd her. View more context for this quotation
1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke ii, in Misc. Poems 365 Gods! shall the Ravisher display this Hair, While the Fops envy..Honour forbid!
1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 7 Good Heav'n forbid, that I shou'd blast their Glory.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 31 Do you mean a knowledge of shoe-making? God forbid.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)]
withsake971
withsayc1175
forbidc1275
withtellec1275
counterplead1377
again-saya1382
withsaya1382
contrary1382
countersay1393
withstand1513
transverse1532
cross1589
contradict1596
controvert1596
respire1629
scruple1639
contravene1722
oppugn1781
countervene1825
to stand down1869
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15095 Summe hit gonnen ræden summe to for-beoden.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]
warnc897
willeOE
forbidc1000
warnc1000
willOE
asake1250
withsay1297
gainsayc1330
recusea1387
naitc1390
to say naya1393
again-say?a1400
denyc1400
withnayc1400
biwern1413
refuse?1435
resist1539
detrect1542
renege1545
detract1572
waive1642
declinea1691
nay-say1762
nay-saya1774
nix1903
off1908
ixnay1937
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 29 Ne for-beod him no þine tunecan.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15085 Whaðer he hit wolde iunne oðer him for-beode.
1483 Cath. Angl. 137/2 To Forbed, abdicare, abnuere.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)] > to do something
forbid1588
darea1592
1588 L. Andrewes Serm. 1 Tim. vi. 17–19 I forbid them..to shew mee in Rhemes or in Rome..such a shew as we have seene here these last two daies.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > outlawry > outlaw [verb (transitive)]
outlawOE
waive1297
proscribea1500
proclaim?a1513
to put (also denounce) to the hornc1540
horn1592
bandit1611
forbida1616
intercommune1679
intercommona1715
fugitate1721
to declare a person a fugitive1752
imban1807
ban1848
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 20 He shall liue a man forbid . View more context for this quotation
1819 ‘B. Cornwall’ Dramatic Scenes & Other Poems ii Oh, I shall pass..my time in solitude..a man forbidden.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > in contradiction of previous command > stop by a contrary command
countermand1554
uncry1594
counter-order1643
disorder1643
forbid1665
1665 Sir W. Coventry in Pepys' Diary VI. 106 Some [ships] were ordered and others forbid.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)]
forslowc888
eldc897
forsita940
gele971
lengOE
drilla1300
delayc1300
onfrestc1300
tarryc1320
jornc1330
dretchc1380
defer1382
forbida1387
to put offa1387
to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393
dilate1399
fordrawa1400
to put overc1410
latch?c1422
adjournc1425
prolongc1425
proloynec1425
rejournc1425
to put in respite1428
sleuthc1430
respitea1450
prorogue1453
refer1466
sleep1470
supersede1482
respectc1487
postpone1496
overseta1500
respett1500
enjourna1513
relong1523
retract1524
tarde1524
track1524
to fode forth1525
tract1527
protract1528
further1529
to make stay of1530
surcease1530
prorogate1534
to fay upon longc1540
linger1543
retard?1543
slake1544
procrastine1548
reprieve1548
remit1550
suspense1556
leave1559
shiftc1562
suspend1566
procrastinate1569
dally1574
post1577
to hold off1580
drift1584
loiter1589
postpose1598
to take one's (own) timea1602
flag1602
slug1605
elong1610
belay1613
demur1613
tardya1616
to hang up1623
frist1637
disjourn1642
future1642
off1642
waive1653
superannuate1655
perendinate1656
stave1664
detard1675
remora1686
to put back1718
withhold1726
protract1737
to keep over1847
to hold over1853
laten1860
to lay over1885
hold1891
back-burner1975
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 339 Iosue..renewede þe circumsicioun þat was forbode fourty ȝere in wyldernesse.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 51 Olympiades..was i-holde ones in fyue ȝere, lesth he schulde be forȝete and it were lengere forbode.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1602adj.1599
v.OE