forbidv.

Brit.

/fəˈbɪd/, U.S.

/fərˈbɪd/,

/fɔrˈbɪd/

Forms: Past tense forbad, forbade /-ˈbæd/; past participle forbidden /-ˈbɪd(ə)n/. Forms: infinitive Old English–Middle English forbéodan (northern forbéada), Middle English forbeoden, Middle English forbede(n, forbedyn, (Middle English forbedd, forbeed, Middle English forbidde, forbide, forbyde), Middle English–1500s Scottish forbeid, (1600s forbidd), Middle English– forbid. past tense Old English forbéad, Middle English forbead, (Middle English forbæd, forbet(t), Middle English forbed(e, forbode, (Middle English forbaad, forbadde, forbed, forbeed), Middle English forbat (1500s, 1600s forbod(de), 1500s–1700s forbid, Middle English– forbad, forbade. past participle Old English forboden, Middle English–1500s forbode(n, (Middle English forbade, forbed(e), Middle English–1700s forbod(de(n, 1500s–1800s forbid, 1500s– forbidden. Also weak past tense Middle English forbedde, forbedid, past participle Middle English forbedd.

Etymology: Old English forbéodan , past tense forbéad , plural -budon , past participle forboden , < for- prefix¹ + béodan to bid v.¹; = Old Frisian forbiada, Dutch verbieden, Old High German far-, forpiotan (Middle High German and German verbieten), Gothic faurbiudan. Compare Old Norse fyrirbióða.

1. transitive. To command (a person or persons) not to do, have, use, or indulge in (something), or not to enter (a place); to prohibit. In many diverse constructions.

a. with double object, of the person (originally dative), and of the thing prohibited. Also in passive with either the person or the thing as subject; in the latter case, the indirect object, if a noun, is preceded by to.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)]

forwarnc893

warnc893

forbidOE

forhightc1315

defendc1325

forfend1382

dischargec1450

prohibit?a1475

bidc1475

withsay1484

fenda1500

abara1504

prohibit1526

debara1529

forbodec1540

exempt1553

forspeak1565

disbar1567

forsay1579

enjoin1589

abjudicate1602

countermanda1616

forjudge1675

restrict1766

oppose1814

fen1823

embargo1824

nix1903

ixnay1937

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1048 And cwæð þet se papa hit him for~boden hæfde.

a1175 Cott. Hom. 223 Hwi for-bead ȝeu god þes trowes westm.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2984 Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9158 He..Þat þeym þe lond furst furbed.

c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 519 Forbeed us thing, and that desire we.

c1394 P. Pl. Crede 769 God wold..fals freres [were] forboden þe fayre ladis chaumbres!

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13029 He for-bedd him þat womman.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 21 That is forboden vs by holy chyrche.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Di It was ordeynyd that preestis grekes myght haue wyfis which to preestis latens was forboden.

1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. K4 To be forbod the sweets that seemes so good.

1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 20 There be some other Interuals, very rare, and forbidden to yong beginners.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 385 The chast and holy Race Are all forbidden this polluted Place.

1710 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 20 July (1965) I. 44 My Sex is usually forbid studys of this Nature.

1793 W. Cowper On Spaniel Beau ii Against my orders, whom you heard Forbidding you the prey.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila i. ii. 14 When strength and courage are forbid me.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 351 The archbishop..had long been forbidden the court.

1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iv. 187 Their [the Turks'] religion forbids them every sort of painting.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vi. 52 Will you forbid him the house where I know he's safe?

b. with personal object (in Old English either dative or accusative) and an infinitive (formerly with for to; rarely without to) as second object.

ΚΠ

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 14 Nelle ge hig for-beodan cuman to me.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6499 Till herode king onnȝænn he þeȝȝm forrbæd to turrnenn.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 44 Þe appel þet ich loki on is for bode me to eoten. naut to bi halden.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xvi. 6 Thei..weren forbodyn of the Hooly Gost for to speke the word of God in Asya.

c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. xxv He lackiþ inwarde comfort, & he is forboden to seke eny outwarde.

1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. 42^v, in Bulwarke of Defence We be also forboden to use repercussiues.

?1605 J. Davies Wittes Pilgrimage sig. H2 But..I am forbod..to tell it you.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 427 You may as well Forbid the Sea for to obey the Moone.

1817 Ld. Ellenborough in Maule & Selwyn Rep. VI. 316 He distinctly forbids the defendants to accept any more of their drafts.

†c. with personal object and negative clause. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 675 Swa ic for beode þe and ealle þe biscopas þe æfter ðe cumon..þæt ge nan onsting ne hauen of þæt mynstre.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 187 Ich for beode ow ne leue ȝe naut þeose sondes men deofles.

c1275 Passion 581 in Old Eng. Misc. 53 Iesus..hire þo for-bed, Þat heo attryne ne scolde his honde ne his fet.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 85 By þese trees þe grete kyng Alexander was forbode, þat he schulde neuere come in Babylon.

1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. B3 She silly Queene..Forbad the boy he should not passe those grounds.

d. with omission of personal object, and with the thing prohibited expressed (a) by noun or pronoun (†const. from); (b) by an infinitive; (c) by an obj.-sentence (in early use with a negative, which the later idiom omits); (d) by object and infinitive.

ΚΠ

(a)

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 115 He scal..heordom for-beodan.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Þe holie boc hit forbet.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 8 Ine þis heste ys uorbede zenne of hate.

1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy i, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 15 Almighty God From Great Doctours hath this Science forbod.

1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 78 b Wyne is not to be forboden.

1671 Lady M. Bertie in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 23 They say the King hath put out a Proclamation to for~bid maskerades.

1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 67 In the Year 325, Gladiators were expressly forbid.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 34 I..think that the Lacedaemonian law~giver was right in forbidding pleasure.

(b)c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1147 To defowle hit euer vpon folde fast he forbedes.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxiii. f. cxv Forbiddynge to paye tribute to Cesar.1723 State of Russia II. 282 For which reason he had forbidden to carry anybody of his Majesty's Retinue over the River.(c)c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 2 For-beodende þæt man þam casere gafol ne sealde.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 496 The king..vorbed that me ne ssolde non of is lond sowe.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 8 Þis heste uorbyet þet non ne ssel slaȝe oþren.1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 71 Yt is forboden vnder payne of cursynge, that no man shulde haue ne drawe eny texte of holy scrypture in to englysshe.1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent iv. 355 It was forbid..that the Patrone..should not make the presentation to any but the Bishop.a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 121 He forbad that not any body should..use a silver drinking cup.(d)c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiii. 2 We han founden this man..forbedinge tributis to be ȝouun to Cesar.1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 137 Another Law, that forbiddeth it to be put in execution.1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music v. 75 This [the Swiss] Song..is forbid to be sung among their Regiments hired in the Service of other Nations.1865 C. Knight School Hist. Eng. iv. 115 The governor of the Castle forbad the Church Service to be performed.

e. with the personal object only. Const. from, †of (a thing). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > prohibit a person from doing something

forbidc1175

to say naya1393

prohibit1483

embarc1506

inhibitc1540

restrain1544

interdictc1575

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 He þe wule forbeode of his eȝane onsiht.

a1400 Coer de L. 3795 In Godys name I thee for~bede..Ryche ne pore lat non leve.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) viii. 87 Therefore wolde he [David] make the Temple in that place: but oure Lord forbade him.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Cii^v I forbede all singular persons from the studyeng of this treatise.

1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Pardoner & Frere sig. B.ii Of all temporall seruice are we forbode.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. vi. sig. Dd7^v Whom though he oft forbad, Yet for no bidding..Would he restrayned be from his attendement.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 117 The soldiers wished to take part in it also; and, though forbidden, forced their way into the palace.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 122 He forbade both men and women from entering them.

1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power ii. 61 He forbad Hilary Bishop of Narbonne from all metropolitan rights.

f. absol. or with ellipsis of both objects.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (intransitive)]

to say nay?a1300

forbida1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iv. 19 Haue patience Noble Duke, I may not open, The Cardinall of Winchester forbids !

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 62 Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offerd good.

2. In various modified uses.

a. figurative. To exclude, keep back, hinder, restrain. Now chiefly of circumstances, conditions, etc.: To constitute a prohibition or imperative reason against; to render impossible or undesirable.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)]

pindeOE

steerc950

hold971

forbidc1000

withstewc1175

withholdc1200

stewa1225

crempa1250

bistintc1300

i-stillc1315

withdraw1340

entemperc1380

rebukec1380

forfenda1382

refraina1382

refrainc1390

restraina1393

restayc1400

retainc1415

to hold abackc1440

overholda1450

reclaim?c1450

revokec1450

bedwynge1480

sniba1500

repressa1525

rein1531

inhibit1535

to keep back1535

cohibit1544

reprimec1550

lithe1552

to rein up1574

check1581

embridle1583

to rein in1593

retrench1594

refrenate1599

to hold back1600

snip1601

becheck1605

sneap1611

trasha1616

supersede1645

reprimand1689

snape1691

to clap a guy on1814

to pull up1861

to pull in1893

withstrain1904

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)]

forbidc1000

forrunc1275

forbar1303

before-comec1384

withstanda1400

withholdc1400

prevenec1485

supprime1490

interrupt1497

resist?a1513

prevent1522

discourage1528

prohibit1531

stop1534

forleta1555

bar1559

to bar by and main1567

disbar1567

to cut off1576

embar1577

forestall1579

obvent1588

cancel1594

waylay1625

suppress1651

antevene1655

arceate1657

exarceate1657

interpel1722

stump1858

estop1876

plug1887

pre-empt1957

deter1961

c1000 Psalms cxix. 101 Fram eallum wege yfelu ic forbead fet mine.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxiii. 13 For bede þi tonge fra ill.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. v. 25 Ȝoure synnes forbediden good fro ȝou.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie F 847 To forbidde, to lette, to stoppe, inhibeo.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §596 The way to hasten the Breeding of Salt-Petre, is to forbid the Sunne, and the Growth of Vegetables.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 Clouds of smouldring Smoke, forbad the Sacrifice.

1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xii. 148 Whose spreading Arms..Forbid the Tempest, and protect the Ground.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xvii. 8 Th' Applause of list'ning Senates to command..Their Lot forbad.

1799 R. B. Sheridan Pizarro iv. i The state I left her in forbids all hope.

1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 19 A pool, that effectually forbids the foot of the explorer.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 138 His limits forbade him to draw copiously.

1870 T. H. Huxley Critiques & Addr. (1890) 51 The Bible..forbids the veriest hind..to be ignorant of the existence of other countries and other civilizations.

b. In deprecatory phrase God, Heaven, the Lord forbid, usually with a clause or sentence as direct object, rarely with an indirect object; also absol. as an exclamation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > expressions of remonstrance [phrase]

God, Heaven, the Lord forbid?c1225

God shield1297

God shend1530

God forshield (that‥)a1549

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [phrase] > God forbid

God, Heaven, the Lord forbid?c1225

God's forbode1377

God (etc.) forfend1530

the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > expression of protest or remonstrance [interjection]

God, Heaven, the Lord forbid1611

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 7 God forbeode.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 910 God forbede but a woman can Ben as trewe and lovynge as a man.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4372 Godd forbedd i suld him suike.

a1400–50 Alexander 5590 Nay, driȝtin for-bede!

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 255 I warne ȝow of a thing, To happyn thame (as god forbeid!)

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 624 Gret god forbede it suld be so with this.

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 39/1 Oure Lorde forbydde, that you loue together the worse, for the selfe cause that you ought to loue the better.

a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. A6^v The heauens forbid your highnes such mishap.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 196 This Lord go to him. Iupiter forbid .

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xi. 19 My God forbid it mee that I should doe this thing.

1611 Bible (King James) Gal. ii. 7 God forbid .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 18 Fortune forbid my out-side haue not charm'd her.

1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke ii, in Misc. Poems 365 Gods! shall the Ravisher display this Hair, While the Fops envy..Honour forbid!

1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 7 Good Heav'n forbid, that I shou'd blast their Glory.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 31 Do you mean a knowledge of shoe-making? God forbid.

†c. with weakened sense: To argue or give one's opinion against. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)]

withsake971

withsayc1175

forbidc1275

withtellec1275

counterplead1377

again-saya1382

withsaya1382

contrary1382

countersay1393

withstand1513

transverse1532

cross1589

contradict1596

controvert1596

respire1629

scruple1639

contravene1722

oppugn1781

countervene1825

to stand down1869

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15095 Summe hit gonnen ræden summe to for-beoden.

†d. To deny, refuse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]

warnc897

willeOE

forbidc1000

warnc1000

willOE

asake1250

withsay1297

gainsayc1330

recusea1387

naitc1390

to say naya1393

again-say?a1400

denyc1400

withnayc1400

biwern1413

refuse?1435

resist1539

detrect1542

renege1545

detract1572

waive1642

declinea1691

nay-say1762

nay-saya1774

nix1903

off1908

ixnay1937

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 29 Ne for-beod him no þine tunecan.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15085 Whaðer he hit wolde iunne oðer him for-beode.

1483 Cath. Angl. 137/2 To Forbed, abdicare, abnuere.

†e. To defy, challenge.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)] > to do something

forbid1588

darea1592

1588 L. Andrewes Serm. 1 Tim. vi. 17–19 I forbid them..to shew mee in Rhemes or in Rome..such a shew as we have seene here these last two daies.

†f. To lay under a ban, curse, interdict.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > outlawry > outlaw [verb (transitive)]

outlawOE

waive1297

proscribea1500

proclaim?a1513

to put (also denounce) to the hornc1540

horn1592

bandit1611

forbida1616

intercommune1679

intercommona1715

fugitate1721

to declare a person a fugitive1752

imban1807

ban1848

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 20 He shall liue a man forbid .

1819 ‘B. Cornwall’ Dramatic Scenes & Other Poems ii Oh, I shall pass..my time in solitude..a man forbidden.

†3. To countermand. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > in contradiction of previous command > stop by a contrary command

countermand1554

uncry1594

counter-order1643

disorder1643

forbid1665

1665 Sir W. Coventry in Pepys' Diary VI. 106 Some [ships] were ordered and others forbid.

†4. To put off for a time, to postpone. Obsolete. [Perhaps another word (?*for-bide), or an erroneous use: Caxton has forborn, which expresses the sense.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)]

forslowc888

eldc897

forsita940

gele971

lengOE

drilla1300

delayc1300

onfrestc1300

tarryc1320

jornc1330

dretchc1380

defer1382

forbida1387

to put offa1387

to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393

dilate1399

fordrawa1400

to put overc1410

latch?c1422

adjournc1425

prolongc1425

proloynec1425

rejournc1425

to put in respite1428

sleuthc1430

respitea1450

prorogue1453

refer1466

sleep1470

supersede1482

respectc1487

postpone1496

overseta1500

respett1500

enjourna1513

relong1523

retract1524

tarde1524

track1524

to fode forth1525

tract1527

protract1528

further1529

to make stay of1530

surcease1530

prorogate1534

to fay upon longc1540

linger1543

retard?1543

slake1544

procrastine1548

reprieve1548

remit1550

suspense1556

leave1559

shiftc1562

suspend1566

procrastinate1569

dally1574

post1577

to hold off1580

drift1584

loiter1589

postpose1598

to take one's (own) timea1602

flag1602

slug1605

elong1610

belay1613

demur1613

tardya1616

to hang up1623

frist1637

disjourn1642

future1642

off1642

waive1653

superannuate1655

perendinate1656

stave1664

detard1675

remora1686

to put back1718

withhold1726

protract1737

to keep over1847

to hold over1853

laten1860

to lay over1885

hold1891

back-burner1975

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 339 Iosue..renewede þe circumsicioun þat was forbode fourty ȝere in wyldernesse.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 51 Olympiades..was i-holde ones in fyue ȝere, lesth he schulde be forȝete and it were lengere forbode.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	forbid
释义	† forbidn. Etymology: < forbid v. Obsolete. rare. A forbidding. (Cf. forbode n.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [noun] > a prohibition forbodea1000 nayc1390 negativec1400 restraint1439 non1551 countermandment1560 countermand1581 estoppel1583 forbid1602 embarment1606 embargo1692 don'ta1826 forbiddance1855 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 338 For what is more innouate preposterous, and beyond all gods forbid, then this new fanglenes in you to prefer [etc.]. 1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen ii. 72 With what an evident Forbid, the Jewish Law directs this permit of animal Food. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † forbidadj. Obsolete. = forbidden adj. forbid tree n. (see quot. 1662). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [adjective] > prohibited forbiddenc1200 defendedc1405 prohibit?a1475 vetite?a1500 prohibited?1532 disallowed1539 forbid1599 inhibiteda1616 verboten1866 no-no1972 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 2 By tasting of that Fruite forbid. 1662 S. Pepys Diary 14 Aug. (1970) III. 165 Many trees there [i.e. in the Forest of Dean] left at a great fall in Edward the Thirds time, by the name of ‘forbid-trees’, which at this day are called ‘Vorbid trees’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021). forbidv. Brit. /fəˈbɪd/, U.S. /fərˈbɪd/, /fɔrˈbɪd/ Forms: Past tense forbad, forbade /-ˈbæd/; past participle forbidden /-ˈbɪd(ə)n/. Forms: infinitive Old English–Middle English forbéodan (northern forbéada), Middle English forbeoden, Middle English forbede(n, forbedyn, (Middle English forbedd, forbeed, Middle English forbidde, forbide, forbyde), Middle English–1500s Scottish forbeid, (1600s forbidd), Middle English– forbid. past tense Old English forbéad, Middle English forbead, (Middle English forbæd, forbet(t), Middle English forbed(e, forbode, (Middle English forbaad, forbadde, forbed, forbeed), Middle English forbat (1500s, 1600s forbod(de), 1500s–1700s forbid, Middle English– forbad, forbade. past participle Old English forboden, Middle English–1500s forbode(n, (Middle English forbade, forbed(e), Middle English–1700s forbod(de(n, 1500s–1800s forbid, 1500s– forbidden. Also weak past tense Middle English forbedde, forbedid, past participle Middle English forbedd. Etymology: Old English forbéodan , past tense forbéad , plural -budon , past participle forboden , < for- prefix¹ + béodan to bid v.¹; = Old Frisian forbiada, Dutch verbieden, Old High German far-, forpiotan (Middle High German and German verbieten), Gothic faurbiudan. Compare Old Norse fyrirbióða. 1. transitive. To command (a person or persons) not to do, have, use, or indulge in (something), or not to enter (a place); to prohibit. In many diverse constructions. a. with double object, of the person (originally dative), and of the thing prohibited. Also in passive with either the person or the thing as subject; in the latter case, the indirect object, if a noun, is preceded by to. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] forwarnc893 warnc893 forbidOE forhightc1315 defendc1325 forfend1382 dischargec1450 prohibit?a1475 bidc1475 withsay1484 fenda1500 abara1504 prohibit1526 debara1529 forbodec1540 exempt1553 forspeak1565 disbar1567 forsay1579 enjoin1589 abjudicate1602 countermanda1616 forjudge1675 restrict1766 oppose1814 fen1823 embargo1824 nix1903 ixnay1937 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1048 And cwæð þet se papa hit him for~boden hæfde. a1175 Cott. Hom. 223 Hwi for-bead ȝeu god þes trowes westm. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2984 Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9158 He..Þat þeym þe lond furst furbed. c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 519 Forbeed us thing, and that desire we. c1394 P. Pl. Crede 769 God wold..fals freres [were] forboden þe fayre ladis chaumbres! a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13029 He for-bedd him þat womman. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 21 That is forboden vs by holy chyrche. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Di It was ordeynyd that preestis grekes myght haue wyfis which to preestis latens was forboden. 1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. K4 To be forbod the sweets that seemes so good. 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 20 There be some other Interuals, very rare, and forbidden to yong beginners. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 385 The chast and holy Race Are all forbidden this polluted Place. 1710 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 20 July (1965) I. 44 My Sex is usually forbid studys of this Nature. 1793 W. Cowper On Spaniel Beau ii Against my orders, whom you heard Forbidding you the prey. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila i. ii. 14 When strength and courage are forbid me. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 351 The archbishop..had long been forbidden the court. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iv. 187 Their [the Turks'] religion forbids them every sort of painting. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vi. 52 Will you forbid him the house where I know he's safe? b. with personal object (in Old English either dative or accusative) and an infinitive (formerly with for to; rarely without to) as second object. ΚΠ c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 14 Nelle ge hig for-beodan cuman to me. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6499 Till herode king onnȝænn he þeȝȝm forrbæd to turrnenn. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 44 Þe appel þet ich loki on is for bode me to eoten. naut to bi halden. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xvi. 6 Thei..weren forbodyn of the Hooly Gost for to speke the word of God in Asya. c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. xxv He lackiþ inwarde comfort, & he is forboden to seke eny outwarde. 1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. 42^v, in Bulwarke of Defence We be also forboden to use repercussiues. ?1605 J. Davies Wittes Pilgrimage sig. H2 But..I am forbod..to tell it you. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 427 You may as well Forbid the Sea for to obey the Moone. View more context for this quotation 1817 Ld. Ellenborough in Maule & Selwyn Rep. VI. 316 He distinctly forbids the defendants to accept any more of their drafts. †c. with personal object and negative clause. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 675 Swa ic for beode þe and ealle þe biscopas þe æfter ðe cumon..þæt ge nan onsting ne hauen of þæt mynstre. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 187 Ich for beode ow ne leue ȝe naut þeose sondes men deofles. c1275 Passion 581 in Old Eng. Misc. 53 Iesus..hire þo for-bed, Þat heo attryne ne scolde his honde ne his fet. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 85 By þese trees þe grete kyng Alexander was forbode, þat he schulde neuere come in Babylon. 1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. B3 She silly Queene..Forbad the boy he should not passe those grounds. d. with omission of personal object, and with the thing prohibited expressed (a) by noun or pronoun (†const. from); (b) by an infinitive; (c) by an obj.-sentence (in early use with a negative, which the later idiom omits); (d) by object and infinitive. ΚΠ (a) c1175 Lamb. Hom. 115 He scal..heordom for-beodan. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Þe holie boc hit forbet. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 8 Ine þis heste ys uorbede zenne of hate. 1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy i, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 15 Almighty God From Great Doctours hath this Science forbod. 1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 78 b Wyne is not to be forboden. 1671 Lady M. Bertie in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 23 They say the King hath put out a Proclamation to for~bid maskerades. 1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 67 In the Year 325, Gladiators were expressly forbid. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 34 I..think that the Lacedaemonian law~giver was right in forbidding pleasure. (b)c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1147 To defowle hit euer vpon folde fast he forbedes.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxiii. f. cxv Forbiddynge to paye tribute to Cesar.1723 State of Russia II. 282 For which reason he had forbidden to carry anybody of his Majesty's Retinue over the River.(c)c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 2 For-beodende þæt man þam casere gafol ne sealde.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 496 The king..vorbed that me ne ssolde non of is lond sowe.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 8 Þis heste uorbyet þet non ne ssel slaȝe oþren.1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 71 Yt is forboden vnder payne of cursynge, that no man shulde haue ne drawe eny texte of holy scrypture in to englysshe.1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent iv. 355 It was forbid..that the Patrone..should not make the presentation to any but the Bishop.a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 121 He forbad that not any body should..use a silver drinking cup.(d)c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiii. 2 We han founden this man..forbedinge tributis to be ȝouun to Cesar.1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 137 Another Law, that forbiddeth it to be put in execution.1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music v. 75 This [the Swiss] Song..is forbid to be sung among their Regiments hired in the Service of other Nations.1865 C. Knight School Hist. Eng. iv. 115 The governor of the Castle forbad the Church Service to be performed. e. with the personal object only. Const. from, †of (a thing). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > prohibit a person from doing something forbidc1175 to say naya1393 prohibit1483 embarc1506 inhibitc1540 restrain1544 interdictc1575 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 He þe wule forbeode of his eȝane onsiht. a1400 Coer de L. 3795 In Godys name I thee for~bede..Ryche ne pore lat non leve. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) viii. 87 Therefore wolde he [David] make the Temple in that place: but oure Lord forbade him. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Cii^v I forbede all singular persons from the studyeng of this treatise. 1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Pardoner & Frere sig. B.ii Of all temporall seruice are we forbode. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. vi. sig. Dd7^v Whom though he oft forbad, Yet for no bidding..Would he restrayned be from his attendement. View more context for this quotation 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 117 The soldiers wished to take part in it also; and, though forbidden, forced their way into the palace. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 122 He forbade both men and women from entering them. 1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power ii. 61 He forbad Hilary Bishop of Narbonne from all metropolitan rights. f. absol. or with ellipsis of both objects. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (intransitive)] to say nay?a1300 forbida1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iv. 19 Haue patience Noble Duke, I may not open, The Cardinall of Winchester forbids ! View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 62 Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offerd good. View more context for this quotation 2. In various modified uses. a. figurative. To exclude, keep back, hinder, restrain. Now chiefly of circumstances, conditions, etc.: To constitute a prohibition or imperative reason against; to render impossible or undesirable. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)] pindeOE steerc950 hold971 forbidc1000 withstewc1175 withholdc1200 stewa1225 crempa1250 bistintc1300 i-stillc1315 withdraw1340 entemperc1380 rebukec1380 forfenda1382 refraina1382 refrainc1390 restraina1393 restayc1400 retainc1415 to hold abackc1440 overholda1450 reclaim?c1450 revokec1450 bedwynge1480 sniba1500 repressa1525 rein1531 inhibit1535 to keep back1535 cohibit1544 reprimec1550 lithe1552 to rein up1574 check1581 embridle1583 to rein in1593 retrench1594 refrenate1599 to hold back1600 snip1601 becheck1605 sneap1611 trasha1616 supersede1645 reprimand1689 snape1691 to clap a guy on1814 to pull up1861 to pull in1893 withstrain1904 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] forbidc1000 forrunc1275 forbar1303 before-comec1384 withstanda1400 withholdc1400 prevenec1485 supprime1490 interrupt1497 resist?a1513 prevent1522 discourage1528 prohibit1531 stop1534 forleta1555 bar1559 to bar by and main1567 disbar1567 to cut off1576 embar1577 forestall1579 obvent1588 cancel1594 waylay1625 suppress1651 antevene1655 arceate1657 exarceate1657 interpel1722 stump1858 estop1876 plug1887 pre-empt1957 deter1961 c1000 Psalms cxix. 101 Fram eallum wege yfelu ic forbead fet mine. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxiii. 13 For bede þi tonge fra ill. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. v. 25 Ȝoure synnes forbediden good fro ȝou. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie F 847 To forbidde, to lette, to stoppe, inhibeo. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §596 The way to hasten the Breeding of Salt-Petre, is to forbid the Sunne, and the Growth of Vegetables. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 Clouds of smouldring Smoke, forbad the Sacrifice. View more context for this quotation 1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xii. 148 Whose spreading Arms..Forbid the Tempest, and protect the Ground. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xvii. 8 Th' Applause of list'ning Senates to command..Their Lot forbad. 1799 R. B. Sheridan Pizarro iv. i The state I left her in forbids all hope. 1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 19 A pool, that effectually forbids the foot of the explorer. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 138 His limits forbade him to draw copiously. 1870 T. H. Huxley Critiques & Addr. (1890) 51 The Bible..forbids the veriest hind..to be ignorant of the existence of other countries and other civilizations. b. In deprecatory phrase God, Heaven, the Lord forbid, usually with a clause or sentence as direct object, rarely with an indirect object; also absol. as an exclamation. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > expressions of remonstrance [phrase] God, Heaven, the Lord forbid?c1225 God shield1297 God shend1530 God forshield (that‥)a1549 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [phrase] > God forbid God, Heaven, the Lord forbid?c1225 God's forbode1377 God (etc.) forfend1530 the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > expression of protest or remonstrance [interjection] God, Heaven, the Lord forbid1611 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 7 God forbeode. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 910 God forbede but a woman can Ben as trewe and lovynge as a man. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4372 Godd forbedd i suld him suike. a1400–50 Alexander 5590 Nay, driȝtin for-bede! 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 255 I warne ȝow of a thing, To happyn thame (as god forbeid!) 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 624 Gret god forbede it suld be so with this. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 39/1 Oure Lorde forbydde, that you loue together the worse, for the selfe cause that you ought to loue the better. a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. A6^v The heauens forbid your highnes such mishap. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 196 This Lord go to him. Iupiter forbid . View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xi. 19 My God forbid it mee that I should doe this thing. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Gal. ii. 7 God forbid . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 18 Fortune forbid my out-side haue not charm'd her. View more context for this quotation 1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke ii, in Misc. Poems 365 Gods! shall the Ravisher display this Hair, While the Fops envy..Honour forbid! 1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 7 Good Heav'n forbid, that I shou'd blast their Glory. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 31 Do you mean a knowledge of shoe-making? God forbid. †c. with weakened sense: To argue or give one's opinion against. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)] withsake971 withsayc1175 forbidc1275 withtellec1275 counterplead1377 again-saya1382 withsaya1382 contrary1382 countersay1393 withstand1513 transverse1532 cross1589 contradict1596 controvert1596 respire1629 scruple1639 contravene1722 oppugn1781 countervene1825 to stand down1869 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15095 Summe hit gonnen ræden summe to for-beoden. †d. To deny, refuse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] warnc897 willeOE forbidc1000 warnc1000 willOE asake1250 withsay1297 gainsayc1330 recusea1387 naitc1390 to say naya1393 again-say?a1400 denyc1400 withnayc1400 biwern1413 refuse?1435 resist1539 detrect1542 renege1545 detract1572 waive1642 declinea1691 nay-say1762 nay-saya1774 nix1903 off1908 ixnay1937 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 29 Ne for-beod him no þine tunecan. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15085 Whaðer he hit wolde iunne oðer him for-beode. 1483 Cath. Angl. 137/2 To Forbed, abdicare, abnuere. †e. To defy, challenge. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)] > to do something forbid1588 darea1592 1588 L. Andrewes Serm. 1 Tim. vi. 17–19 I forbid them..to shew mee in Rhemes or in Rome..such a shew as we have seene here these last two daies. †f. To lay under a ban, curse, interdict. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > outlawry > outlaw [verb (transitive)] outlawOE waive1297 proscribea1500 proclaim?a1513 to put (also denounce) to the hornc1540 horn1592 bandit1611 forbida1616 intercommune1679 intercommona1715 fugitate1721 to declare a person a fugitive1752 imban1807 ban1848 a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 20 He shall liue a man forbid . View more context for this quotation 1819 ‘B. Cornwall’ Dramatic Scenes & Other Poems ii Oh, I shall pass..my time in solitude..a man forbidden. †3. To countermand. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > in contradiction of previous command > stop by a contrary command countermand1554 uncry1594 counter-order1643 disorder1643 forbid1665 1665 Sir W. Coventry in Pepys' Diary VI. 106 Some [ships] were ordered and others forbid. †4. To put off for a time, to postpone. Obsolete. [Perhaps another word (?for-bide), or an erroneous use: Caxton has forborn, which expresses the sense.] ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] forslowc888 eldc897 forsita940 gele971 lengOE drilla1300 delayc1300 onfrestc1300 tarryc1320 jornc1330 dretchc1380 defer1382 forbida1387 to put offa1387 to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393 dilate1399 fordrawa1400 to put overc1410 latch?c1422 adjournc1425 prolongc1425 proloynec1425 rejournc1425 to put in respite1428 sleuthc1430 respitea1450 prorogue1453 refer1466 sleep1470 supersede1482 respectc1487 postpone1496 overseta1500 respett1500 enjourna1513 relong1523 retract1524 tarde1524 track1524 to fode forth1525 tract1527 protract1528 further1529 to make stay of1530 surcease1530 prorogate1534 to fay upon longc1540 linger1543 retard?1543 slake1544 procrastine1548 reprieve1548 remit1550 suspense1556 leave1559 shiftc1562 suspend1566 procrastinate1569 dally1574 post1577 to hold off1580 drift1584 loiter1589 postpose1598 to take one's (own) timea1602 flag1602 slug1605 elong1610 belay1613 demur1613 tardya1616 to hang up1623 frist1637 disjourn1642 future1642 off1642 waive1653 superannuate1655 perendinate1656 stave1664 detard1675 remora1686 to put back1718 withhold1726 protract1737 to keep over1847 to hold over1853 laten1860 to lay over1885 hold1891 back-burner1975 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron.* (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 339 Iosue..renewede þe circumsicioun þat was forbode fourty ȝere in wyldernesse. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 51 Olympiades..was i-holde ones in fyue ȝere, lesth he schulde be forȝete and it were lengere forbode. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1602adj.1599v.OE
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† forbidn.

† forbidadj.

forbidv.