foddern.

Brit.

/ˈfɒdə/, U.S.

/ˈfɑdər/

Forms: early Old English fothur, early Old English foðr- (inflected form), Old English foddor, Old English fodor, Old English fodr- (inflected form), Old English foter (Northumbrian), Old English foþr- (inflected form), Old English–Middle English foddur, Old English– fodder, Middle English foddir, Middle English foddre, Middle English foder, Middle English fodre, Middle English fodyr, Middle English fooder, Middle English foodyr, Middle English voddur (southern), Middle English–1600s foder, 1500s footer, 1500s–1700s fother, 1600s fodwar, 1900s– fodar (Irish English (Donegal)); also Scottish pre-1700 foddir, pre-1700 foddyr, pre-1700 fodir, pre-1700 foider, pre-1700 foldyr. N.E.D. (1897) also records a form early Middle English vodder (southern).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian fōder , Middle Dutch voeder (Dutch voeder , voer ), Middle Low German vōder , voer , Old High German fuotar (Middle High German vuoter , German Futter ), Old Icelandic fóðr , Old Swedish foþer (Swedish foder ), Old Danish fodhær (Danish foder ), probably < a suffixed (instrumental) form of the Germanic base seen also (with root extension) in feed v., food n., and (with further suffixation) foster n.¹ The Germanic noun was also borrowed into Romance; compare Old French feurre forage, animal feed (a1150: see forage n.), apparently < the unattested Old Dutch antecedent of Middle Dutch voeder (see above). The homonymous Old English noun foddor , fōdor case, cover, container, and its cognates in the Germanic languages (see needlefodder n.) are derived from a different Indo-European base, although the two words appear to have merged formally in Germanic. With the development of sense 3 compare food n. 6, foster n.¹ 3, both earlier in this sense.

1. Food in general. Now chiefly colloquial or as a humorous extended use of sense 2a.rare between Old English and 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun]

meateOE

eatOE

foodOE

fodderOE

dietc1230

gista1290

victual1303

victualsa1375

preya1382

feedinga1398

pasturea1398

viancea1400

viandsc1400

livingc1405

meatingc1425

vitalyc1440

vianda1450

cates1461

vivers1536

viandry1542

viander1543

gut-matter1549

peck1567

belly-cheer1579

appast1580

manchet1583

chat1584

belly-metal1590

repasture1598

cibaries1599

belly-timber1607

belly-cheat1608

peckage1610

victuallage1622

keeping1644

vivresa1650

crib1652

prog1655

grub1659

beef1661

fooding1663

teething1673

eatablea1687

sunket1686

yam1788

chow-chow1795

keep1801

feed1818

grubbing1819

patter1824

ninyam1826

nyam1828

grubbery1831

tack1834

kai1845

mungaree1846

scoff1846

foodstuff1847

chuck1850

muckamuck1852

tuck1857

tucker1858

hash1865

nosh1873

jock1879

cake flour1881

chow1886

nosebag1888

stodge1890

food aid1900

tackle1900

munga1907

scarf1932

grubber1959

OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 71 Hal wes þu, folde, fira modor! Beo þu growende.., fodre gefylled firum to nytte.

OE Handbk. for Use of Confessor (Corpus Cambr. 201) in Anglia (1965) 83 30 Gife his hushleow..and munde þam ðe þæs beþurfe, and fir and foddor and bed and bæð.

1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 13 Let any thing come in the shape of fodder, or eating stuffe, it is welcome.

1852 H. C. Watson Nights in Block-house 403 You can talk with your mouth full of fodder.

1900 Morning Post 3 Mar. 5/7 A sparse, dried, untoothsome-looking herbage, which man and beast accepted as fodder.

1942 E. Ferber Saratoga Trunk (new ed.) xii. 233 I get to where I can't look at all that fancy fodder at the hotel.

1986 S. Churcher N.Y. Confidential xi. 260 You will champ your fodder within julienne distance of great circus stars at famous restaurants.

2006 J. Hamilton-Paterson in Granta Summer 228 Mere bums-on-seats who are handed trays of dreadful fodder and effectively told to keep quiet and strapped in.

a. spec. Food for cattle, horses, or other animals. Now usually: hay, straw, or other dried food used to feed animals, esp. in the winter. Also (U.S. regional): part or all of the corn plant used as animal food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder

fodderOE

foragec1315

provender1340

provend?a1400

foddering1430

feed1594

farrage1609

roughness1813

trough-meat1844

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xlii. 27 Þa undide heora an hys sacc & wolde sillan hys assan foddor.

OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 41 Conueniamus semper apud aratorem, ubi uictum nobis et pabula equis nostris habemus : gedwærian [read geðwærian] symble mid þam yrþlinge þær we bicleofan [read bigleofan] us & foddor horsum urum habbaþ.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 306 Þenne mot ha þenchen of þe cuwes foddre.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clvii. 1054 Some feedeþ bestes þerwith in stede of straw and fodder.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 14 Gras tyme is doon, my fodder is now forage.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 168 Foddur, bestys mete, or forage.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 74 Som nationes make fother for Cattel of Dates.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxxviii. 56 Spurry is good fourage or fodder for Oxen and kyen.

1620 R. Whitbourne Disc. & Discov. New-found-land 6 Great plenty of greene Pease and Fitches..the hawmes of them are good fodder for cattel.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 106 The youthful Bull must..in the Stall..his Fodder find.

1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 207 The hay..serves for fodder for their cattle.

1796 I. Weld Let. May in Travels (1799) 105 They feed their cattle upon fodder, that is, the leaves of the Indian corn plant.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 634 Bean-straw makes good fodder, when cut to chaff.

1847 Knickerbocker Mag. 29 201 They [sc. corn stalks] are then thrown into stacks, and are called by the Georgians ‘fodder’. Corn and fodder are the winter food of cattle.

1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 323 There was fodder running to waste on the slopes of every mountain.

1946 Times 22 Apr. 6/1 Everything farmers can do to grow more protein-rich fodder will be well worth while.

1977 R. Mehta Inside Haveli ii. vi. 114 Every evening she mixed the oil cakes with the fodder for the cows.

2006 Church Times 6 Oct. 20/2 Growing nappier grass can help hold terraces together and provide fodder for cattle at the same time.

b. In extended use. Something which or someone who is consumed or used for a particular purpose or by a particular process, agent, etc. In later use sometimes implying something of low quality or which is available in large quantities.Sometimes with modifying word indicating the use to which something or someone is put.bum-, cannon-, gun-fodder: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1576 G. Gascoigne tr. Pope Innocent III 1st Bk. Vewe Worldly Vanities in Droomme of Doomes Day i. sig. Aii^v This is that Tyran fleshe,..the norishment of sinne, the languishment of nature, and the fodder of death.

1663 T. Lye in Compl. Coll. Farewel Serm. sig. Uu4^v Religious Persons..know the Ordinances of God to be the food, the spiritual fodder of the Soul.

?1731 ‘Hurlo Thrumbo’ Merry-thought p. vi No Body shall pretend to use any of your bright Compositions for Bum-Fodder.

1890 A. J. Wauters Stanley's Emin Pasha Exped. ix. 167 For fodder all they [sc. locomotives] want is wood.

1904 Collier's 7 May 4/1 To defend the principle of using the people's offices as fodder for party workers is a sorry deduction from a belief in the necessity of party government.

1947 Life 27 Jan. 98/2 These people are..fodder..cannon fodder, factory fodder, trade union fodder.

1980 B. W. Aldiss Life in West ii. 42 Tom always looks first-rate. Ideal telly fodder.

2014 Independent (Nexis) 11 Apr. 38 It was..the latest in a growing line of celebrity novels which no one bothers to pretend are anything more than fodder for the chat-show circuit.

†3. A child, a descendant. Cf. food n. 6. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun]

bairn830

childOE

foodc1225

whelp?c1225

birtha1325

first-begottenc1384

conceptiona1398

impc1412

heir1413

foddera1425

fryc1480

collop?1518

increase1552

spawn1589

under-bougha1661

prognate1663

chickadee1860

a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 641 Kyng Phelip saide to þe modur ‘Þou hast born a sori foder [c1400 Laud an yuel fode].’

Compounds

C1. General attributive and appositive, as fodder-bin, fodder crop, fodder cutter, fodder food, fodder plant, fodder-rack, etc.

ΚΠ

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 51 Pabulator, horshyrde uel fodderbrytta.

lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 455 Man sceal habban..yrsebinne, fodderhec, fyrgebeorh, meluhudern.

1355–7 Manorial Documents in Mod. Philol. (1936) 34 51 (MED) Foddirbynne.

1641 Novembris Monstrum 132 If Diomedes traynes his horses up With living men in stead of fodder food.

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 220 It..is frequently gathered with the other fodder-plants, and fed upon indiscriminately by all sorts of cattle.

1779 Lady's Mag. May 269/1 Sheep their fodder-folds forsake.

1808 H. Holland Gen. View Agric. Cheshire iii. 84 The building..admits of two cow-houses..and a fodder-bin of 5½ feet between them.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 304 The best fodder-Grasses of Europe are usually dwarf species.

1848 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1847 229 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 54) VI The perfection which has been obtained in the root culture and of the fodder-plants.

1868 15th Ann. Rep. Mass. Board Agric. 1867 297 Hay and fodder cutters have become quite indispensable.

1898 Agric. Gaz. New S. Wales 7 697 Casuarina suberosa.., a very valuable fodder tree.

1904 H. F. Day Kin o' Ktaadn i. 11 The..whummle of horses and..sufflings of..cattle hint that ‘fodder-time’ is at hand.

1961 Countryman 58 464 I doubt if a single Corsican flock knows the luxury of fodder-racks for the night.

1980 A. Coleman & J. E. Shaw Field Mapping Man. (2nd Land Utilization Surv. of Brit.) 23 Broad beans, fodder peas, lupins and the pulses in mashlum belong to the botanical family Leguminosae.

2001 S. Heaney Electric Light 16 The loosening fodder-chute, the aftermath.

2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 39 Hay is grass that has been cut and dried in the sun, and is a vital fodder crop for overwintering livestock.

C2.

fodder bean n. (a) a bean grown for use as animal fodder, esp. the broad bean, Vicia faba (cf. field bean n. at field n.¹ Compounds 4b, horse-bean n. at horse n. Compounds 2c); (b) U.S. regional (Appalachian) dried pods of the green bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris), used as food for humans (usually in plural); also called leather britches, shuck bean.

ΚΠ

1856 C. G. Reinhold Farmer's Promotion Bk. ii. 79 The Black Fodder Bean, (F. Narbonensis).

1887 Cattle & Dairy Farming 433 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (49th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 51) XXIX Lupines, vetches, and fodder beans are also largely planted.

1915 Washington Post 17 Feb. 6/6 We have received many things complimentary, such as dried pumpkins, fodder beans, frozen potatoes, and nubbins.

1958 Morgantown (W. Va.) Post 24 May 6/6 ‘Tinker’ ate ham-bone, fodder-beans, greens, cornbread, butter and cold milk for dinner the other day.

1962 N.Y. Times 17 Jan. 11/1 The animals would side with his proposals for converting most hayfields to sugar beets, peas, fodder beans and other high protein crops.

2005 M. Sohn Appalachian Home Cooking 43 Fodder beans..are nothing more than dried green beans.

fodder beet n. [after German Futterbeete (1757 or earlier)] beetroot grown for use as animal fodder (also called field beet, mangel-wurzel, mangold); a root of this.

ΚΠ

1824 M. A. Angyalffy Grundsätze der Feldkultur 435 Die Futterbeete (Beta cicla minor, seu altissima;..franz. Bette de fourrage; engl. Fodder-beet).

1852 Brit. Farmer's Mag. 21 526/1 The Sugar Beet, Fodder Beet, or Mangold-Wurzel roots were much cultivated in Burgundy in 1764; also in Upper Franconia in 1765.

1980 Financial Times 6 Feb. 25/4 A feasibility study on the production of fuel ethanol from sugar and fodder beet.

2011 R. Blair Nutrition & Feeding Org. Cattle iv. 171 Fodder beets were accepted more readily than potatoes by cows that had not previously been given these feeds.

fodder cheese n. now rare cheese made from the milk of cows fed on fodder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese

goat cheeseOE

green cheesec1390

rowen cheesea1425

bred-cheesec1440

hard cheesec1470

ruen cheese1510

parmesan1538

spermyse1542

angelot1573

cow-cheese1583

goat's cheese1588

Cheshire Cheese1597

eddish-cheese1615

nettle cheese1615

aftermath cheese1631

marsolini1636

Suffolk cheese1636

Cheddar cheesea1661

rowen1673

parmigianoa1684

raw-milk cheesea1687

fleet cheese1688

sage-cheese1714

Rhode Island cheese1733

Stilton cheese1736

Roquefort cheese1762

American cheese1763

fodder cheese1784

Old Peg1785

blue cheese1787

Dunlop cheese1793

Wiltshire1794

Gloucester1802

Gruyère1802

Neufchâtel1814

Limburger cheese1817

Dunlop1818

fog cheese1822

Swiss cheese1822

Suffolk thumpa1825

Stilton1826

skim dick1827

stracchino cheese1832

Blue Vinney1836

Edam1836

Schabzieger1837

sapsago1846

Munster1858

mysost1861

napkin cheese1865

provolone1865

Roquefort1867

Suffolk bang1867

Leicester1874

Brie1876

Camembert1878

Gorgonzola1878

Leicester cheese1880

Port Salut1881

Wensleydale1881

Gouda1885

primost1889

Cantal1890

Suisse1891

bondon1894

Petit Suisse1895

Gervais1896

Lancashire1896

Pont l'Évêque1896

reggiano1896

Romano1897

fontina1898

Caerphilly cheese1901

Derby cheese1902

Emmental1902

Liptauer1902

farmer cheese1904

robiola1907

gjetost1908

reblochon1908

scamorza1908

Cabrales1910

Jack1910

pimento cheese1910

mozzarella1911

pimiento cheese1911

Monterey cheese1912

processed cheese1918

Tillamook1918

tvorog1918

anari1919

process cheese1923

Bel Paese1926

pecorino1931

Oka1936

Parmigiano–Reggiano1936

vacherin1936

Monterey Jack1940

Red Leicester1940

demi-sel1946

tomme1946

Danish blue1948

Tilsit1950

St.-Maure1951

Samsoe1953

Havarti1954

paneer1954

taleggio1954

feta1956

St. Paulin1956

bleu cheese1957

Manchego1957

Ilchester1963

Dolcelatte1964

chèvre1965

Chaource1966

Windsor Red1969

halloumi1970

Montrachet1973

Chaumes1976

Lymeswold1981

cambozola1984

yarg1984

1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 25 As the quantity of..Fodder Cheese sent to London Markets clearly shews.

1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Fodder cheese, cheese made..when they [sc. cows] are being foddered on hay.

1935 Times 8 Aug. 8/2 Manufacture of unwanted fodder cheese when it costs more to produce than it realizes should be discouraged.

fodder corn n. (a) a supply of fodder (or its monetary equivalent) provided to a feudal lord or other authority as rent, typically consisting of oats; (also) the right to exact this (now historical and rare); (b) U.S. maize used or grown for use as animal fodder.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > payments in produce or goods

fodder corn1222

wood-tale1235

malt-gavel?a1375

ground-bird1560

avenage1594

spendinga1599

stent oil1614

aver-corn1670

booting-corn1670

brennage1753

truncage1893

1222 in W. H. Hale Domesday St. Paul's (1858) 6 (MED) Et debent..j quart' de auena ad foddercorn.

a1300 in N. Neilson Customary Rents (1910) 26 (MED) Fodercorn die Clausi Pasche iii d.

a1400 ( in W. H. Hart & P. A. Lyons Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia (1884) I. 300 Dabit etiam unam ringam avenæ tempore seminis Quadragesimæ, quæ dicitur foddercorn.

1655 in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum i. f. 297 Redditus qui dicuntur hidagium & Foddercorn.

1856 in Dict. Americanisms (1951) (at cited word) Hauled up two loads wood & 1 of fodder corn.

1947 Reader's Digest Jan. 59/2 Barns and stable-loft bulging with hay, grain and fodder corn.

1957 Econ. Hist. Rev. 10 197 These services were not limited to suit of court but included hidage, carrying-services, foddercorn, mowing, and the payment of reliefs and gersum.

2010 Times-Tribune (Scranton, Pa.) (Nexis) 3 May Dairy farmers grow fodder corn to sustain their herds through winters.

fodder house n. now historical a building or part of a building used to store fodder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > forage-store

fodder house1757

forage-store1868

1757 L. Carter Diary 6 Sept. (1965) I. 175 I put some tobacco in the Fodder house 3 days agoe out of the weather.

1845 W. G. Simms Wigwam & Cabin 1st Ser. 99 I had been hewing out some door facings for a new corn-crib and fodder-house.

1962 Ebony July 90/1 Polling places were located in bayous and on islands, in barns and in fodder houses.

2003 Western Morning News (Nexis) 26 July 9 (advt.) There is a single garage and an adjoining former stable and fodder house.

fodder passage n. a passage in a shed along which fodder is carried.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > passage for fodder

gangway1790

fodder passage1834

1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. v. 86 (legend) Fodder passage and turnip-house.

1914 B. Q. Morgan tr. J. Gotthelf Uli, Farmhand xiii. in German Classics VIII. 205 The two men calmly let him work and made fun of him behind the stable-doors and in the fodder-passage.

2007 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 24 Nov. 10 From the fodder passage they cajole.

fodder stack n. now historical and rare a pile or stack of fodder for cattle or other animals, esp. one which is outside.

ΚΠ

1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 111 He eate vp his fodder stacke, plough, and oxen, in lesse then fiue daies.

a1744 W. Byrd Hist. Dividing Line (1929) 305 When it rain'd, or was colder than Ordinary, the whole Family took refuge in a Fodder Stack (not far from their roofless house).

1890 Cent. Mag. Dec. 284 The fodder stacks..might conceal dozens of guerrillas.

2006 M. B. Shaw Solomon v. 31 Most of the fodder stacks they hoped to use as winter feed for the mules were twisted and lying in the mud.

fodder tree n. any of various trees having foliage or fruits used as fodder.

ΚΠ

1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer x. 407 Other canoes are loaded with bundles of..leaves from the ohalita, or fodder tree, which are sold here in great quantities, to feed horses with.

1952 Land (Sydney) 18 July 17/3 It is a very useful fodder tree and responds well to lopping.

2016 E. Toensmeier Carbon Farming Solution xxvi. 324/1 Ruminants such as cattle and sheep can be quite happy on pasture, hay, and fodder trees.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

fodderv.

Brit.

/ˈfɒdə/, U.S.

/ˈfɑdər/

Forms: Middle English foddre, Middle English–1500s foder, Middle English– fodder, 1600s–1700s fother.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Dutch fuodaren (Middle Dutch voederen , Dutch voederen , voeren ), Middle Low German voderen , Old High German fuotiren (Middle High German vuotern , vüetern , German füttern ), Old Icelandic fóðra , Old Swedish fodhra (Swedish fodra ), Danish fodre < the same Germanic base as fodder n. Compare fodderer n., foddered adj.The following example of froþer , which was thought by N.E.D. (1897) to show a scribal error for the present word (i.e. foþer ), is probably better regarded as a dissimilated variant of frover v., probably influenced by association with further v. (compare β. forms at that entry):a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxx. 4 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 161 For þi name me lede and froþer þou sal [L. propter nomen tuum deduces me et enutries me].

a. transitive. To give fodder to (cattle or other animals); to feed with something as fodder. In early use also more generally: †to feed (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)]

afeedeOE

foddereOE

feedc950

fosterc1175

fooda1225

nourishc1300

nurshc1325

nourishc1384

abechea1393

relievec1425

norrya1450

nurturea1450

pasturec1450

foisonc1485

bield1488

aliment1490

repast1494

nutrifya1500

repatera1522

battle1548

forage1552

nurse1591

substantiate1592

refeed1615

alumnate1656

focillate1656

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)]

baitc1400

servea1475

foddera1500

refetea1500

maintain1576

provend1581

provender1584

put1620

meal1630

stall-feed1763

feed1818

board1875

eOE [implied in: tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 85 Þa þunor ofslog xxiiii heora fodrera [L. pabulatores], & þa oþre gebrocade aweg coman. (at fodderer n.)].

a1382 [implied in: Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxviii. 24 Þat womman forsoþe hadde a foddred [a1425 L.V. fat; L. pascualem] calf in þe hous. (at foddered adj.)].

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 46^v Pablo, to foddre.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 720 Fodder hem [sc. oxon] as thay beth setto on werke.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 114 Let vs go foder Oure mompyns.

?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xxxi^v Horses, and shepe may not be fodered to gyder in wynter.

1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vii. 99 To fodder them [sc. fat cattell] Morning, Euening, and high-noone is fully sufficient.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 76 Yow are neaver to..fother sheepe soe longe as they can gette any thinge on the grownd.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 172 Straw will do well enough to Fodder them with.

1773 T. Barker in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 i. 222 There was so little grass..that many were forced to fodder their cattle.

1832 M. R. Mitford Our Village V. 19 A lad..had gone thither for hay to fodder his cattle.

1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 220/1 The cattle have been foddered in the barn-yard.

1913 Hoard's Dairyman 21 Mar. 324/2 Grooming and foddering the cows..greatly increase the number of bacteria in the air.

1974 J. McGahern Leavetaking ii. 169 After he'd stabled and foddered the pony he'd climb the stairs to the lounge.

2008 J. Quinn Goodnight Ballivor xx. 107 I looked after our little ‘farm’ at home, foddering the cattle..and feeding the pigs.

b. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To sustain, fortify; to provide with something sustaining or gratifying. Also occasionally reflexive.

ΚΠ

1588 J. Penry Exhort. Wales (new ed.) 69 Men committed to your gouernement, were but droues of bruit beastes, onely to be foddered, and kept from externall inuasions and inrodes.

1659 H. More Immortality of Soul iii. xviii. §12 This notion of foddering the Stars with the thick foggs of the Earth.

1682 W. Richards Wallography 104 Levite..fodders the poor Taffies with some melancholly Tear-fetching Story.

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 3 This foreign Field, Where Nature fodders him [sc. man] with other Food.

1891 Daily News 26 Jan. 6/3 They..fodder their souls on all kinds of stale and withered doctrinal herbage.

1906 H. A. Jones On Reading Mod. Plays 6 A modern play cannot be more foolish or banal..than the average novel wherewith he is wont to fodder himself.

2015 BusinessWorld (Philippines) (Nexis) 10 June s2/2 Markets across the Asian region tracked overnight movements in US stocks with negative sentiments foddered by an extended decline in China's factory-gate prices.

†2. intransitive. to fodder upon (also on): to provide fodder on (land, etc.) for cattle or other animals, esp. so the land may be manured with animal dung; (of animals) to eat fodder and deposit dung on. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > feed on ground

to fodder upon1625

1625 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent 14 For an end of handling this sort of Haisell ground..either rest 4. or 5. yeeres, or fodder vpon it before you breake it vp with so many Cattell as you may.

1666 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 2) 46 A place that has been well fother'd on.

1837 T. Cosens New Treat. Agric. & Grazing (ed. 2) xvi. 32 The mould after lying there, and being well foddered upon by cattle, will become a good, strong, and cheap manure.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fodder
释义	foddern. Brit. /ˈfɒdə/, U.S. /ˈfɑdər/ Forms: early Old English fothur, early Old English foðr- (inflected form), Old English foddor, Old English fodor, Old English fodr- (inflected form), Old English foter (Northumbrian), Old English foþr- (inflected form), Old English–Middle English foddur, Old English– fodder, Middle English foddir, Middle English foddre, Middle English foder, Middle English fodre, Middle English fodyr, Middle English fooder, Middle English foodyr, Middle English voddur (southern), Middle English–1600s foder, 1500s footer, 1500s–1700s fother, 1600s fodwar, 1900s– fodar (Irish English (Donegal)); also Scottish pre-1700 foddir, pre-1700 foddyr, pre-1700 fodir, pre-1700 foider, pre-1700 foldyr. N.E.D. (1897) also records a form early Middle English vodder (southern). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian fōder , Middle Dutch voeder (Dutch voeder , voer ), Middle Low German vōder , voer , Old High German fuotar (Middle High German vuoter , German Futter ), Old Icelandic fóðr , Old Swedish foþer (Swedish foder ), Old Danish fodhær (Danish foder ), probably < a suffixed (instrumental) form of the Germanic base seen also (with root extension) in feed v., food n., and (with further suffixation) foster n.¹ The Germanic noun was also borrowed into Romance; compare Old French feurre forage, animal feed (a1150: see forage n.), apparently < the unattested Old Dutch antecedent of Middle Dutch voeder (see above). The homonymous Old English noun foddor , fōdor case, cover, container, and its cognates in the Germanic languages (see needlefodder n.) are derived from a different Indo-European base, although the two words appear to have merged formally in Germanic. With the development of sense 3 compare food n. 6, foster n.¹ 3, both earlier in this sense. 1. Food in general. Now chiefly colloquial or as a humorous extended use of sense 2a.rare between Old English and 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] meateOE eatOE foodOE fodderOE dietc1230 gista1290 victual1303 victualsa1375 preya1382 feedinga1398 pasturea1398 viancea1400 viandsc1400 livingc1405 meatingc1425 vitalyc1440 vianda1450 cates1461 vivers1536 viandry1542 viander1543 gut-matter1549 peck1567 belly-cheer1579 appast1580 manchet1583 chat1584 belly-metal1590 repasture1598 cibaries1599 belly-timber1607 belly-cheat1608 peckage1610 victuallage1622 keeping1644 vivresa1650 crib1652 prog1655 grub1659 beef1661 fooding1663 teething1673 eatablea1687 sunket1686 yam1788 chow-chow1795 keep1801 feed1818 grubbing1819 patter1824 ninyam1826 nyam1828 grubbery1831 tack1834 kai1845 mungaree1846 scoff1846 foodstuff1847 chuck1850 muckamuck1852 tuck1857 tucker1858 hash1865 nosh1873 jock1879 cake flour1881 chow1886 nosebag1888 stodge1890 food aid1900 tackle1900 munga1907 scarf1932 grubber1959 OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 71 Hal wes þu, folde, fira modor! Beo þu growende.., fodre gefylled firum to nytte. OE Handbk. for Use of Confessor (Corpus Cambr. 201) in Anglia (1965) 83 30 Gife his hushleow..and munde þam ðe þæs beþurfe, and fir and foddor and bed and bæð. 1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 13 Let any thing come in the shape of fodder, or eating stuffe, it is welcome. 1852 H. C. Watson Nights in Block-house 403 You can talk with your mouth full of fodder. 1900 Morning Post 3 Mar. 5/7 A sparse, dried, untoothsome-looking herbage, which man and beast accepted as fodder. 1942 E. Ferber Saratoga Trunk (new ed.) xii. 233 I get to where I can't look at all that fancy fodder at the hotel. 1986 S. Churcher N.Y. Confidential xi. 260 You will champ your fodder within julienne distance of great circus stars at famous restaurants. 2006 J. Hamilton-Paterson in Granta Summer 228 Mere bums-on-seats who are handed trays of dreadful fodder and effectively told to keep quiet and strapped in. 2. a. spec. Food for cattle, horses, or other animals. Now usually: hay, straw, or other dried food used to feed animals, esp. in the winter. Also (U.S. regional): part or all of the corn plant used as animal food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder fodderOE foragec1315 provender1340 provend?a1400 foddering1430 feed1594 farrage1609 roughness1813 trough-meat1844 OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xlii. 27 Þa undide heora an hys sacc & wolde sillan hys assan foddor. OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 41 Conueniamus semper apud aratorem, ubi uictum nobis et pabula equis nostris habemus : gedwærian [read geðwærian] symble mid þam yrþlinge þær we bicleofan [read bigleofan] us & foddor horsum urum habbaþ. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 306 Þenne mot ha þenchen of þe cuwes foddre. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clvii. 1054 Some feedeþ bestes þerwith in stede of straw and fodder. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 14 Gras tyme is doon, my fodder is now forage. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 168 Foddur, bestys mete, or forage. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 74 Som nationes make fother for Cattel of Dates. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxxviii. 56 Spurry is good fourage or fodder for Oxen and kyen. 1620 R. Whitbourne Disc. & Discov. New-found-land 6 Great plenty of greene Pease and Fitches..the hawmes of them are good fodder for cattel. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 106 The youthful Bull must..in the Stall..his Fodder find. 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 207 The hay..serves for fodder for their cattle. 1796 I. Weld Let. May in Travels (1799) 105 They feed their cattle upon fodder, that is, the leaves of the Indian corn plant. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 634 Bean-straw makes good fodder, when cut to chaff. 1847 Knickerbocker Mag. 29 201 They [sc. corn stalks] are then thrown into stacks, and are called by the Georgians ‘fodder’. Corn and fodder are the winter food of cattle. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 323 There was fodder running to waste on the slopes of every mountain. 1946 Times 22 Apr. 6/1 Everything farmers can do to grow more protein-rich fodder will be well worth while. 1977 R. Mehta Inside Haveli ii. vi. 114 Every evening she mixed the oil cakes with the fodder for the cows. 2006 Church Times 6 Oct. 20/2 Growing nappier grass can help hold terraces together and provide fodder for cattle at the same time. b. In extended use. Something which or someone who is consumed or used for a particular purpose or by a particular process, agent, etc. In later use sometimes implying something of low quality or which is available in large quantities.Sometimes with modifying word indicating the use to which something or someone is put.bum-, cannon-, gun-fodder: see the first element. ΚΠ 1576 G. Gascoigne tr. Pope Innocent III 1st Bk. Vewe Worldly Vanities in Droomme of Doomes Day i. sig. Aii^v This is that Tyran fleshe,..the norishment of sinne, the languishment of nature, and the fodder of death. 1663 T. Lye in Compl. Coll. Farewel Serm. sig. Uu4^v Religious Persons..know the Ordinances of God to be the food, the spiritual fodder of the Soul. ?1731 ‘Hurlo Thrumbo’ Merry-thought p. vi No Body shall pretend to use any of your bright Compositions for Bum-Fodder. 1890 A. J. Wauters Stanley's Emin Pasha Exped. ix. 167 For fodder all they [sc. locomotives] want is wood. 1904 Collier's 7 May 4/1 To defend the principle of using the people's offices as fodder for party workers is a sorry deduction from a belief in the necessity of party government. 1947 Life 27 Jan. 98/2 These people are..fodder..cannon fodder, factory fodder, trade union fodder. 1980 B. W. Aldiss Life in West ii. 42 Tom always looks first-rate. Ideal telly fodder. 2014 Independent (Nexis) 11 Apr. 38 It was..the latest in a growing line of celebrity novels which no one bothers to pretend are anything more than fodder for the chat-show circuit. †3. A child, a descendant. Cf. food n. 6. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] bairn830 childOE foodc1225 whelp?c1225 birtha1325 first-begottenc1384 conceptiona1398 impc1412 heir1413 foddera1425 fryc1480 collop?1518 increase1552 spawn1589 under-bougha1661 prognate1663 chickadee1860 a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 641 Kyng Phelip saide to þe modur ‘Þou hast born a sori foder [c1400 Laud an yuel fode].’ Compounds C1. General attributive and appositive, as fodder-bin, fodder crop, fodder cutter, fodder food, fodder plant, fodder-rack, etc. ΚΠ OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 51 Pabulator, horshyrde uel fodderbrytta. lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 455 Man sceal habban..yrsebinne, fodderhec, fyrgebeorh, meluhudern. 1355–7 Manorial Documents in Mod. Philol. (1936) 34 51 (MED) Foddirbynne. 1641 Novembris Monstrum 132 If Diomedes traynes his horses up With living men in stead of fodder food. 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 220 It..is frequently gathered with the other fodder-plants, and fed upon indiscriminately by all sorts of cattle. 1779 Lady's Mag. May 269/1 Sheep their fodder-folds forsake. 1808 H. Holland Gen. View Agric. Cheshire iii. 84 The building..admits of two cow-houses..and a fodder-bin of 5½ feet between them. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 304 The best fodder-Grasses of Europe are usually dwarf species. 1848 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1847 229 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 54) VI The perfection which has been obtained in the root culture and of the fodder-plants. 1868 15th Ann. Rep. Mass. Board Agric. 1867 297 Hay and fodder cutters have become quite indispensable. 1898 Agric. Gaz. New S. Wales 7 697 Casuarina suberosa.., a very valuable fodder tree. 1904 H. F. Day Kin o' Ktaadn i. 11 The..whummle of horses and..sufflings of..cattle hint that ‘fodder-time’ is at hand. 1961 Countryman 58 464 I doubt if a single Corsican flock knows the luxury of fodder-racks for the night. 1980 A. Coleman & J. E. Shaw Field Mapping Man. (2nd Land Utilization Surv. of Brit.) 23 Broad beans, fodder peas, lupins and the pulses in mashlum belong to the botanical family Leguminosae. 2001 S. Heaney Electric Light 16 The loosening fodder-chute, the aftermath. 2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 39 Hay is grass that has been cut and dried in the sun, and is a vital fodder crop for overwintering livestock. C2. fodder bean n. (a) a bean grown for use as animal fodder, esp. the broad bean, Vicia faba (cf. field bean n. at field n.¹ Compounds 4b, horse-bean n. at horse n. Compounds 2c); (b) U.S. regional (Appalachian) dried pods of the green bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris), used as food for humans (usually in plural); also called leather britches, shuck bean. ΚΠ 1856 C. G. Reinhold Farmer's Promotion Bk. ii. 79 The Black Fodder Bean, (F. Narbonensis). 1887 Cattle & Dairy Farming 433 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (49th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 51) XXIX Lupines, vetches, and fodder beans are also largely planted. 1915 Washington Post 17 Feb. 6/6 We have received many things complimentary, such as dried pumpkins, fodder beans, frozen potatoes, and nubbins. 1958 Morgantown (W. Va.) Post 24 May 6/6 ‘Tinker’ ate ham-bone, fodder-beans, greens, cornbread, butter and cold milk for dinner the other day. 1962 N.Y. Times 17 Jan. 11/1 The animals would side with his proposals for converting most hayfields to sugar beets, peas, fodder beans and other high protein crops. 2005 M. Sohn Appalachian Home Cooking 43 Fodder beans..are nothing more than dried green beans. fodder beet n. [after German Futterbeete (1757 or earlier)] beetroot grown for use as animal fodder (also called field beet, mangel-wurzel, mangold); a root of this. ΚΠ 1824 M. A. Angyalffy Grundsätze der Feldkultur 435 Die Futterbeete (Beta cicla minor, seu altissima;..franz. Bette de fourrage; engl. Fodder-beet). 1852 Brit. Farmer's Mag. 21 526/1 The Sugar Beet, Fodder Beet, or Mangold-Wurzel roots were much cultivated in Burgundy in 1764; also in Upper Franconia in 1765. 1980 Financial Times 6 Feb. 25/4 A feasibility study on the production of fuel ethanol from sugar and fodder beet. 2011 R. Blair Nutrition & Feeding Org. Cattle iv. 171 Fodder beets were accepted more readily than potatoes by cows that had not previously been given these feeds. fodder cheese n. now rare cheese made from the milk of cows fed on fodder. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese goat cheeseOE green cheesec1390 rowen cheesea1425 bred-cheesec1440 hard cheesec1470 ruen cheese1510 parmesan1538 spermyse1542 angelot1573 cow-cheese1583 goat's cheese1588 Cheshire Cheese1597 eddish-cheese1615 nettle cheese1615 aftermath cheese1631 marsolini1636 Suffolk cheese1636 Cheddar cheesea1661 rowen1673 parmigianoa1684 raw-milk cheesea1687 fleet cheese1688 sage-cheese1714 Rhode Island cheese1733 Stilton cheese1736 Roquefort cheese1762 American cheese1763 fodder cheese1784 Old Peg1785 blue cheese1787 Dunlop cheese1793 Wiltshire1794 Gloucester1802 Gruyère1802 Neufchâtel1814 Limburger cheese1817 Dunlop1818 fog cheese1822 Swiss cheese1822 Suffolk thumpa1825 Stilton1826 skim dick1827 stracchino cheese1832 Blue Vinney1836 Edam1836 Schabzieger1837 sapsago1846 Munster1858 mysost1861 napkin cheese1865 provolone1865 Roquefort1867 Suffolk bang1867 Leicester1874 Brie1876 Camembert1878 Gorgonzola1878 Leicester cheese1880 Port Salut1881 Wensleydale1881 Gouda1885 primost1889 Cantal1890 Suisse1891 bondon1894 Petit Suisse1895 Gervais1896 Lancashire1896 Pont l'Évêque1896 reggiano1896 Romano1897 fontina1898 Caerphilly cheese1901 Derby cheese1902 Emmental1902 Liptauer1902 farmer cheese1904 robiola1907 gjetost1908 reblochon1908 scamorza1908 Cabrales1910 Jack1910 pimento cheese1910 mozzarella1911 pimiento cheese1911 Monterey cheese1912 processed cheese1918 Tillamook1918 tvorog1918 anari1919 process cheese1923 Bel Paese1926 pecorino1931 Oka1936 Parmigiano–Reggiano1936 vacherin1936 Monterey Jack1940 Red Leicester1940 demi-sel1946 tomme1946 Danish blue1948 Tilsit1950 St.-Maure1951 Samsoe1953 Havarti1954 paneer1954 taleggio1954 feta1956 St. Paulin1956 bleu cheese1957 Manchego1957 Ilchester1963 Dolcelatte1964 chèvre1965 Chaource1966 Windsor Red1969 halloumi1970 Montrachet1973 Chaumes1976 Lymeswold1981 cambozola1984 yarg1984 1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 25 As the quantity of..Fodder Cheese sent to London Markets clearly shews. 1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Fodder cheese, cheese made..when they [sc. cows] are being foddered on hay. 1935 Times 8 Aug. 8/2 Manufacture of unwanted fodder cheese when it costs more to produce than it realizes should be discouraged. fodder corn n. (a) a supply of fodder (or its monetary equivalent) provided to a feudal lord or other authority as rent, typically consisting of oats; (also) the right to exact this (now historical and rare); (b) U.S. maize used or grown for use as animal fodder. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > payments in produce or goods fodder corn1222 wood-tale1235 malt-gavel?a1375 ground-bird1560 avenage1594 spendinga1599 stent oil1614 aver-corn1670 booting-corn1670 brennage1753 truncage1893 1222 in W. H. Hale Domesday St. Paul's (1858) 6 (MED) Et debent..j quart' de auena ad foddercorn. a1300 in N. Neilson Customary Rents (1910) 26 (MED) Fodercorn die Clausi Pasche iii d. a1400 ( in W. H. Hart & P. A. Lyons Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia (1884) I. 300 Dabit etiam unam ringam avenæ tempore seminis Quadragesimæ, quæ dicitur foddercorn. 1655 in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum i. f. 297 Redditus qui dicuntur hidagium & Foddercorn. 1856 in Dict. Americanisms (1951) (at cited word) Hauled up two loads wood & 1 of fodder corn. 1947 Reader's Digest Jan. 59/2 Barns and stable-loft bulging with hay, grain and fodder corn. 1957 Econ. Hist. Rev. 10 197 These services were not limited to suit of court but included hidage, carrying-services, foddercorn, mowing, and the payment of reliefs and gersum. 2010 Times-Tribune (Scranton, Pa.) (Nexis) 3 May Dairy farmers grow fodder corn to sustain their herds through winters. fodder house n. now historical a building or part of a building used to store fodder. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > forage-store fodder house1757 forage-store1868 1757 L. Carter Diary 6 Sept. (1965) I. 175 I put some tobacco in the Fodder house 3 days agoe out of the weather. 1845 W. G. Simms Wigwam & Cabin 1st Ser. 99 I had been hewing out some door facings for a new corn-crib and fodder-house. 1962 Ebony July 90/1 Polling places were located in bayous and on islands, in barns and in fodder houses. 2003 Western Morning News (Nexis) 26 July 9 (advt.) There is a single garage and an adjoining former stable and fodder house. fodder passage n. a passage in a shed along which fodder is carried. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > passage for fodder gangway1790 fodder passage1834 1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. v. 86 (legend) Fodder passage and turnip-house. 1914 B. Q. Morgan tr. J. Gotthelf Uli, Farmhand xiii. in German Classics VIII. 205 The two men calmly let him work and made fun of him behind the stable-doors and in the fodder-passage. 2007 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 24 Nov. 10 From the fodder passage they cajole. fodder stack n. now historical and rare a pile or stack of fodder for cattle or other animals, esp. one which is outside. ΚΠ 1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 111 He eate vp his fodder stacke, plough, and oxen, in lesse then fiue daies. a1744 W. Byrd Hist. Dividing Line (1929) 305 When it rain'd, or was colder than Ordinary, the whole Family took refuge in a Fodder Stack (not far from their roofless house). 1890 Cent. Mag. Dec. 284 The fodder stacks..might conceal dozens of guerrillas. 2006 M. B. Shaw Solomon v. 31 Most of the fodder stacks they hoped to use as winter feed for the mules were twisted and lying in the mud. fodder tree n. any of various trees having foliage or fruits used as fodder. ΚΠ 1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer x. 407 Other canoes are loaded with bundles of..leaves from the ohalita, or fodder tree, which are sold here in great quantities, to feed horses with. 1952 Land (Sydney) 18 July 17/3 It is a very useful fodder tree and responds well to lopping. 2016 E. Toensmeier Carbon Farming Solution xxvi. 324/1 Ruminants such as cattle and sheep can be quite happy on pasture, hay, and fodder trees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). fodderv. Brit. /ˈfɒdə/, U.S. /ˈfɑdər/ Forms: Middle English foddre, Middle English–1500s foder, Middle English– fodder, 1600s–1700s fother. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Dutch fuodaren (Middle Dutch voederen , Dutch voederen , voeren ), Middle Low German voderen , Old High German fuotiren (Middle High German vuotern , vüetern , German füttern ), Old Icelandic fóðra , Old Swedish fodhra (Swedish fodra ), Danish fodre < the same Germanic base as fodder n. Compare fodderer n., foddered adj.The following example of froþer , which was thought by N.E.D. (1897) to show a scribal error for the present word (i.e. foþer ), is probably better regarded as a dissimilated variant of frover v., probably influenced by association with further v. (compare β. forms at that entry):a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxx. 4 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 161 For þi name me lede and froþer þou sal [L. propter nomen tuum deduces me et enutries me]. 1. a. transitive. To give fodder to (cattle or other animals); to feed with something as fodder. In early use also more generally: †to feed (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] afeedeOE foddereOE feedc950 fosterc1175 fooda1225 nourishc1300 nurshc1325 nourishc1384 abechea1393 relievec1425 norrya1450 nurturea1450 pasturec1450 foisonc1485 bield1488 aliment1490 repast1494 nutrifya1500 repatera1522 battle1548 forage1552 nurse1591 substantiate1592 refeed1615 alumnate1656 focillate1656 the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] baitc1400 servea1475 foddera1500 refetea1500 maintain1576 provend1581 provender1584 put1620 meal1630 stall-feed1763 feed1818 board1875 eOE [implied in: tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 85 Þa þunor ofslog xxiiii heora fodrera [L. pabulatores], & þa oþre gebrocade aweg coman. (at fodderer n.)]. a1382 [implied in: Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxviii. 24 Þat womman forsoþe hadde a foddred [a1425 L.V. fat; L. pascualem] calf in þe hous. (at foddered adj.)]. a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 46^v Pablo, to foddre. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 720 Fodder hem [sc. oxon] as thay beth setto on werke. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 114 Let vs go foder Oure mompyns. ?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xxxi^v Horses, and shepe may not be fodered to gyder in wynter. 1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vii. 99 To fodder them [sc. fat cattell] Morning, Euening, and high-noone is fully sufficient. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 76 Yow are neaver to..fother sheepe soe longe as they can gette any thinge on the grownd. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 172 Straw will do well enough to Fodder them with. 1773 T. Barker in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 i. 222 There was so little grass..that many were forced to fodder their cattle. 1832 M. R. Mitford Our Village V. 19 A lad..had gone thither for hay to fodder his cattle. 1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 220/1 The cattle have been foddered in the barn-yard. 1913 Hoard's Dairyman 21 Mar. 324/2 Grooming and foddering the cows..greatly increase the number of bacteria in the air. 1974 J. McGahern Leavetaking ii. 169 After he'd stabled and foddered the pony he'd climb the stairs to the lounge. 2008 J. Quinn Goodnight Ballivor xx. 107 I looked after our little ‘farm’ at home, foddering the cattle..and feeding the pigs. b. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To sustain, fortify; to provide with something sustaining or gratifying. Also occasionally reflexive. ΚΠ 1588 J. Penry Exhort. Wales (new ed.) 69 Men committed to your gouernement, were but droues of bruit beastes, onely to be foddered, and kept from externall inuasions and inrodes. 1659 H. More Immortality of Soul iii. xviii. §12 This notion of foddering the Stars with the thick foggs of the Earth. 1682 W. Richards Wallography 104 Levite..fodders the poor Taffies with some melancholly Tear-fetching Story. 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 3 This foreign Field, Where Nature fodders him [sc. man] with other Food. 1891 Daily News 26 Jan. 6/3 They..fodder their souls on all kinds of stale and withered doctrinal herbage. 1906 H. A. Jones On Reading Mod. Plays 6 A modern play cannot be more foolish or banal..than the average novel wherewith he is wont to fodder himself. 2015 BusinessWorld (Philippines) (Nexis) 10 June s2/2 Markets across the Asian region tracked overnight movements in US stocks with negative sentiments foddered by an extended decline in China's factory-gate prices. †2. intransitive. to fodder upon (also on): to provide fodder on (land, etc.) for cattle or other animals, esp. so the land may be manured with animal dung; (of animals) to eat fodder and deposit dung on. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > feed on ground to fodder upon1625 1625 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent 14 For an end of handling this sort of Haisell ground..either rest 4. or 5. yeeres, or fodder vpon it before you breake it vp with so many Cattell as you may. 1666 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 2) 46 A place that has been well fother'd on. 1837 T. Cosens New Treat. Agric. & Grazing (ed. 2) xvi. 32 The mould after lying there, and being well foddered upon by cattle, will become a good, strong, and cheap manure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OEv.eOE
随便看	not that i can see not that i know not that i know of not that you know of not the not the clean potato not the ghost of a chance not the less not the marrying kind not the only onion in the hash not the only onion in the stew not the sharpest knife in the drawer not the sharpest tool in the box not to not to amount to much not to bat an eye, eyelid nonpickable nonpigmented nonplace nonplacental nonplaceter nonplaceting nonplanar nonplanarity nonplay