† fool rackn.

Forms:

α. 1600s phoole rack.

β. 1600s fool rack.

γ. 1900s fool's rack.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Marathi, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Marathi phūl , fool n.¹, rack n.¹⁰

Etymology: Originally < Marathi phūl flower, the best (of something) ( < Sanskrit phulla blooming) + rack n.¹⁰ In β. forms (in sense b) showing folk-etymological reinterpretation after fool n.¹ In γ. forms (in sense b) re-formed < the genitive of fool n.¹ + rack n.¹⁰Compare also Portuguese †fula , denoting the high-quality Indian spirit (1563; compare sense a); quot. 1698 at sense b may imply that both English senses existed in Portuguese. Compare the following earlier passage, which probably shows the Portuguese word in an English context (transmitted via Dutch):1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. lvi. 101/2 This Sura beeing distilled, is called Fula, or Nipe [Du. Fula ofte Nype], & is as excellent aqua vitæ, as any is made in Dort of their best rennish wine, but this is of the finest kinde of distillation. Compare also the following, apparently isolated example of the first element used separately in English:1773 E. Ives Voy. India App. II. 457 Good Arrac is distilled from this fermenting juice [sc. toddy], and also that fiery, single and simple distilled spirit, called Fool, with which our seamen were too frequently intoxicated. The β. forms may have been influenced by the use of fool's rack as the headword form in H. Yule & A. C. Burnell Hobson-Jobson (1886) 272/1, although the form is not used or recorded elsewhere in the entry.

Obsolete.

In the use of British sailors, merchants, etc., in the service of the East India Company in India.

a. Arrack consisting of the first fractions of the spirit distilled from a batch of toddy (toddy n. 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > brandy > [noun] > brandy not from grapes > others

fool rack1673

date brandy1714

abricotine1888

prunelle1897

barack1936

1673 G. Aungier et al. Rep. 15 Dec. in Jrnl. Bombay Branch Royal Asiatic Soc. (1931) New. Ser. 7 19 The Bandareens are occupied about the Toddy trees,..selling toddy [and] distilling Arrack, called Phoole rack.

b. Particularly strong and intoxicating arrack, reputed to be distilled from, or have among its ingredients, venomous jellyfish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > other distilled liquor > [noun] > liquor from palm sap

rack1602

arrack1625

fool rack1698

tuba1704

vino1901

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia i. 68 Fool Rack, Brandy made of Blubber or Carvil, by the Portugals.

1928 H. S. O’Neill in tr. N. Gervaise Nat. & Polit. Hist. Kingdom of Siam 144 A particularly abominable potion that laid low many a seaman of the old East India Company's fleet was known as Fool's Rack.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2020).

单词	fool rack
释义	† fool rackn. Forms: α. 1600s phoole rack. β. 1600s fool rack. γ. 1900s fool's rack. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Marathi, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Marathi phūl , fool n.¹, rack n.¹⁰ Etymology: Originally < Marathi phūl flower, the best (of something) ( < Sanskrit phulla blooming) + rack n.¹⁰ In β. forms (in sense b) showing folk-etymological reinterpretation after fool n.¹ In γ. forms (in sense b) re-formed < the genitive of fool n.¹ + rack n.¹⁰Compare also Portuguese †fula , denoting the high-quality Indian spirit (1563; compare sense a); quot. 1698 at sense b may imply that both English senses existed in Portuguese. Compare the following earlier passage, which probably shows the Portuguese word in an English context (transmitted via Dutch):1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. lvi. 101/2 This Sura beeing distilled, is called Fula, or Nipe [Du. Fula ofte Nype], & is as excellent aqua vitæ, as any is made in Dort of their best rennish wine, but this is of the finest kinde of distillation. Compare also the following, apparently isolated example of the first element used separately in English:1773 E. Ives Voy. India App. II. 457 Good Arrac is distilled from this fermenting juice [sc. toddy], and also that fiery, single and simple distilled spirit, called Fool, with which our seamen were too frequently intoxicated. The β. forms may have been influenced by the use of fool's rack as the headword form in H. Yule & A. C. Burnell Hobson-Jobson (1886) 272/1, although the form is not used or recorded elsewhere in the entry. Obsolete. In the use of British sailors, merchants, etc., in the service of the East India Company in India. a. Arrack consisting of the first fractions of the spirit distilled from a batch of toddy (toddy n. 1). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > brandy > [noun] > brandy not from grapes > others fool rack1673 date brandy1714 abricotine1888 prunelle1897 barack1936 1673 G. Aungier et al. Rep. 15 Dec. in Jrnl. Bombay Branch Royal Asiatic Soc. (1931) New. Ser. 7 19 The Bandareens are occupied about the Toddy trees,..selling toddy [and] distilling Arrack, called Phoole rack. b. Particularly strong and intoxicating arrack, reputed to be distilled from, or have among its ingredients, venomous jellyfish. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > other distilled liquor > [noun] > liquor from palm sap rack1602 arrack1625 fool rack1698 tuba1704 vino1901 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia i. 68 Fool Rack, Brandy made of Blubber or Carvil, by the Portugals. 1928 H. S. O’Neill in tr. N. Gervaise Nat. & Polit. Hist. Kingdom of Siam 144 A particularly abominable potion that laid low many a seaman of the old East India Company's fleet was known as Fool's Rack. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2020). < n.1673
随便看	severance severance arrangement severance cutting severance felling severance money severance pay severance payment severances severate severately severation severe severe combined immune deficiency severe subnormality severe-faced severe-looking severed severedly severefaced severelooking severely severeness severenesses severer severest