free willn.

Brit.

/ˌfriː ˈwɪl/, U.S.

/ˌfri ˈwɪl/

Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and will n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: free adj., will n.¹

Etymology: < free adj. + will n.¹, partly after classical Latin līberum arbitrium, lībera voluntās, especially in post-classical Latin senses. With sense 1 compare also Anglo-Norman and Old French fraunche volunte (1296 onwards as a legal formula in British sources); with sense 2 compare Old French, Middle French, French franc arbitre (1265; now archaic), Middle French, French libre volonté (1561), French libre arbitre (1649).Classical Latin līberum arbitrium meant ‘full power to decide, discretionary power, legal freedom of action’; classical Latin voluntās lībera (in Lucretius 2. 256-7 and Cicero De Fato 20) had a sense closer to ‘free ability to choose’. In the writings of St Augustine, in which the concept of the will is developed more fully than it had been in antiquity, liberum arbitrium ‘free decision’ and libera voluntas ‘a free will’ are distinguished. The subsequent history of both terms is complicated, but it can be said that libera voluntas is much more usual than liberum arbitrium in legal documents, often in formulae such as mera et libera voluntate ‘by pure, unconstrained choice’ (12th cent. or earlier, and from 13th cent. in British sources), and that liberum arbitrium is somewhat more usual than libera voluntas in theology.

a. Spontaneous or unconstrained will; unforced choice; (also) inclination to act without suggestion from others. Esp. in of one's (own) free will and similar expressions. †in one's free will: depending on one's choice. See also of one's own (free) motive will at motive adj. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adverb] > with freedom of will

in one's free will?c1225

at a person's willc1300

abandonc1330

freely1340

wilfully1340

contingently1601

electively1636

facultatively1887

the mind > will > free will > [noun] > of actions

free will1590

voluntariness1612

ultroneousness1623

spontaneousnessa1649

spontaneity1651

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 200 Næfð ðis word [sc. volo] nænne imperatiuum, forðan ðe se willa sceal beon æfre frig.]

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 5 Þeos & þullich oðere beoð alle ifreo [read i freo] wille to don oðer to leten hwile me wule.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 2646 (MED) But septer & crowne frely I resigne..Of my fre wil hool into þin hond.

c1425 Castle of Love (Egerton) (1967) l. 4 God send vs thoght to his plesyng, In whos fre wil hynges all thyng.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 69 To proue a..caus..be gage of armes jn clos bataill, of a mannis free will.

?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. c.v Uery happy is a christen man sit y^t y^e victori is..put in his owne frewill.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G6^v All the castle quaked from the ground, And euery dore of freewill open flew.

1611 Bible (King James) Ezra vii. 13 All they..which are minded of their owne free-will to goe vp to Ierusalem.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 635 Least Passion sway Thy Judgement to do aught, which else free Will Would not admit.

1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. ii. iii. 38 Every Ship's Master is left to his free-will, whether he will sail into the Ice.

1784 R. Bage Barham Downs II. 258 You shall be allowed to give and grant it, out of your own free will.

1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain II. xvi. 345 Though I left it thrice, it was of my own free will.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 615 The relinquishment of Edinburgh by the English may have been somewhat less completely an act of free will.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 128 They were allowed to wander at their own free will.

1919 L. Meriwether War Diary of Diplomat 93 There are two good reasons for believing that Berlin has received false reports: first, the French seem disposed of their own free will to be humane [etc.].

1946 W. H. Auden Table Talk (1990) 2 It's very unfortunate, but when a character has absolutely no free will it becomes very boring.

1982 J. Simms Unsolicited Gift i. 36 We must..give everything away, of our own free will.

2003 J. Cowburn Love xviii. 179 Neither other people, circumstances nor forces in myself compel me to do this. I love you of my own free will.

†b. Arbitrary or licentious will. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [noun]

goleshipc1000

golenessa1050

kaggerleȝcc1175

untowenshipa1250

follyc1300

wantonnessc1390

ragerya1393

nicetya1400

wantonhead1435

lightnessa1450

gole?a1500

free will?1518

nicenessa1533

looseness1576

licentiousness1586

waggishness1591

libertinage1611

libertinism1611

licence1713

fastness1859

permissiveness1946

?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Ciiij^v In stede of vertue, ruleth frewyll, and lust.

1547 W. Salesbury Dict. Eng. & Welshe Mympwy, Frewyll.

2. The power of an individual to make free choices, not determined by divine predestination, the laws of physical causality, fate, etc. Also: the doctrine that human beings possess this power and are hence able to direct and bear responsibility for their own actions. Frequently opposed to determinism n. 2, predestination n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [noun]

freedomeOE

free will1340

arbitryc1374

advisementa1398

freedom of will?c1400

liberty?c1400

wilfulnessc1460

liberal arbitre?1483

contingencec1530

indifferencya1555

contingency1561

freedom of thought1591

self-willingness1591

volunt1611

voluntariness1643

uncommandedness1646

autexousy1678

volency1686

inconditionality1696

unconditionalitya1714

indifference1728

volition1738

vacancy1754

voluntarity1794

autonomy1803

unconditionalness1843

unconditionedness1854

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 86 Þe uerste is uri-wyl, huer-by he may chyese, and do, uryliche oþer þet guod oþer þet kuead.

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) iv. pr. vi. 104 Of the knowynge and predestinacion diuine and of the lyberte of fre wille [L. de arbitrii libertate].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9408 Wijt and skill he gaf þam till, Might, and fairhid, and frewill.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20564 (MED) The goode to savacioun, The evele vn-to dampnacioun, Constreyned no-thyng by destyne, But by ffre wyl and lyberte.

1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. &&.i^v He made vs & endued vs with reason & frewyll.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 19 Fre wyl can not be wythout knolege both of the gud & of the yl.

1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. i. f. 2 The frie vil being cooperant to the Halie Spreit, obeyis Goddis commandementis.

1656 T. Hobbes Questions conc. Liberty, Necessity & Chance 1 The third way of bringing things to passe distinct from Necessitie and Chance, namely, Freewill.

1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 364 The Doctrine of Free-will is laid down as Calvinistically as one could wish for.

1700 J. Astry tr. D. de Saavedra Fajardo Royal Politician I. 205 Such variety of Events, as fortune produces, or free-will prepares.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. i. ⁋16. 67 To ascribe a real Causality to Free-will.

1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend (new ed.) I. xv. 67 The mysterious faculty of free-will and consequent personal amenability.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1855) 1st Ser. ii. 22 Without free-will there could be no human goodness.

1895 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 5 410 It is the requirements of science and not the requirements of systematic theology which seem to trouble the present-day defenders of free-will.

1911 J. Ward Realm of Ends i. 15 Laplace, brushing aside freewill as a palpable illusion, proclaimed the implicit omniscience of the mechanical theory.

1960 R. Davies Voice from Attic v. 179 Twaddle as we may about free will, some of us are bound to live in a context of farce.

1984 D. C. Dennett Elbow Room 2 Many..have gone on to propose alternative reconciliations of free will with determinism (different varieties of..compatibilism).

2002 Free Inq. Spring 33/2 This tradition stressed human free will, strongly opposing the predestinarians who taught that everything was foreordained.

Compounds

C1. attributive. Given willingly or spontaneously (esp. in free-will offering).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > free gift

wil-ȝeouea1225

free-will offering1530

gratuitum1602

volunteer1757

free gift1909

giveaway1934

freeness1938

free1982

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xxiii. 38 All your fre will offerynges whiche ye shall geue vnto the Lorde.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms liii[i]. 6 A frewil offeringe wil I geue the.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A2 Dayly Sacrifices, and free will Offerings; The one proceeding vpon ordinarie obseruance..The other vppon a deuout cheerefulnesse.

1684 P. Ker Flosculum Poeticum 60 The tender buds of our young smiling spring We did present, a free-will offering.

1727 M. Davys Accomplish'd Rake 123 Let you and I make a Free-will-Offering of our Hearts to each other, they will soon take Root, and fix in our different Bosoms.

1784 J. Wesley Let. 3 July (1931) VII. 224 His service will do no good there unless it be a free-will offering.

1843 Times 16 Dec. 6/2 Of course the 1,800l. was intended to be a free will gift to the parish.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 44 The free-will offerings of their golden ornaments by the Libyan women.

1893 Jewish Q. Rev. 5 426 The Sadducees asserted that this offering should be brought as a free-will sacrifice by every individual.

1965 M. J. C. Calley God's People ix. 106 The 1960–1 income of a London congregation..consisted of £900 from tithes and £200 from free-will offerings.

1992 M. I. Holt Orphan Trains iii. 83 Funding for the endeavor came, in part, from the ‘free-will gifts’ of more fortunate children.

C2. General attributive and objective (in sense 2).

ΚΠ

1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. sig. B.5^v /2 Freewill doctrine thought not too be repugnant to saluation.

1627 S. Ward Christ All in All 13 To all Hee Saints and Shee Saints, Merit and Freewill-mongers, shall hee not in his Iealousie breake out and say, What haue I to doe with you?

a1640 W. Fenner Wilful Impenitency (1648) vii. 8 (note) All the free wil mongers the reason why they do not repent, is because they will not.

1793 R. Jeffery Gospel Truth States 112 The dreadful and bitter fruits of all free-will doctrines.

1887 J. C. Morrison Service of Man ix. 298 The determinist is not less but more resolute in teaching morality than his free-will opponent.

1958 J. Wilson Lang. & Christian Belief vi. 76 Most Christians would probably say that God could influence us..but that He prefers not to; and they would try to fortify this position by the free-will defence.

1996 Jrnl. Amer. Acad. Relig. 64 891 The major objection to necessary universalism, as Kvanvig sees it, is the free will argument.

C3.

Free Will Baptist n. a member of a North American sect, of Welsh origin, of Arminian Baptists.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Baptists > sects and groups > [noun] > Free Will

Free Will Baptist1732

1732 J. Swift Advantages repealing Sacramental Test 7 Of the three Judges on each Bench, the first may be a Presbyterian, the second a Free-Will Baptist, and the third a Churchman.

1816 W. Bentley Diary 19 May (1914) IV. 389 In Salem, the Free Will Baptists had an Immersion.

1847 H. Howe Hist. Coll. Ohio 348 The village contains..1 Free Will Baptist, 1 Methodist and 1 Universalist church.

1880 Lib. Universal Knowl. II. 200 They wished to be known simply as Baptists, but their opponents called them ‘free-willers’, and both names having been combined, the denomination has accepted ‘Free-Will Baptists’ as their distinctive appellation.

1966 R. G. Torbet Hist. Baptists (rev. ed.) x. 285 The Freewill Baptist periodical, The Morning Star, became..vocal against slavery.

1998 B. Kingsolver Poisonwood Bible (1999) iii. 193 I don't think Dad ever forgave me, later on, for becoming a Free Will Baptist.

free will men n. now historical those who defend the doctrine of free will against strong versions of the doctrine of predestination; esp. a group of 16th-cent. English dissenters characterized by their anti-predestinarian theology; cf. free-willer n.Less commonly with capital initial.

ΚΠ

1548 R. Crowley Confut. N. Shaxton sig. Iviiiv Here begynne the freewyl men to..crye out vpon suche priuate exemples to proue Gods vniuersall predestination.

1577 W. Fulke Two Treat. against Papistes ii. i. Pref. 13 The free will men of our time.

1699 T. Edwards Paraselene dismantled of her Cloud 354/1 His was the very same Objection which the Pelagians and Free-will-men urged Augustine withal many years ago.

1777 J. Fletcher Reply to Calvinists & Fatalists iv. 70 It is as ridiculous..to suppose, that upon the scheme of free-will men, are independent Beings.

1855 Defender 9 June 365 This is practical necessarianism. Christianity, even by free-will men, is propagated on principles of necessity in the same way.

1976 16th Cent. Jrnl. 7 69 Holding gambling to be a sin, the Free-will men were shocked to see orthodox Protestants using it to pass the time.

2000 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 39 21 A zealous minority, commonly referred to, both then and now, as the freewillers or freewill men, challenging the predestinarian views of Ridley.

Derivatives

free-ˈwilled adj. having the faculty of free will. Also: following one's own inclinations.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > exercising or capable of free will

freeeOE

activea1398

indetermined1628

volent1654

undeterminate1668

free-willing1675

autexousious1678

free-willed1678

automatous1732

spontaneous1732

indeterminate1836

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 889 Peccability, arises from the Necessity of Imperfect Freewilled Beings, left to themselves.

1709 M. Prior Ode to Col. Villiers in Poems (1905) 121 In vain we think that free-will'd Man has pow'r.

1798 E. Wallace Universal Alarm xviii. 256 Every possible Means that is in His divine Power to exert, consistent with free-willed Beings.

1887 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 2 June 5/3 When the great Ruler placed us here on earth, free-willed creatures, endowed with reason.

1938 C. C. Zimmerman Changing Community xxv. 631 Individuals had always acted with a degree of selfish motivation; localism had never stifled free-willed behavior.

1994 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 6 Oct. a22/2 How do you prevent free-willed individuals from committing illegal activities?

free-ˈwillist n. rare a believer in the doctrine of free will; a libertarian.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [noun] > one who holds the doctrine of

free-willer1614

Frank-arbitrian1633

volent1768

libertarian1789

free-willist1867

1867 W. Bagehot in Fortn. Rev. Nov. 522 Every Freewillist holds that, upon the whole, if you strengthen the motive in a given direction, mankind tend more to act in that direction.

1899 W. James in Atlantic Monthly May 624/2 The free-willist believes the appearance to be a reality; the determinist believes that it is an illusion.

1905 Philos. Rev. 14 481 The notion that there have never been any other positions in philosophy than those of the Determinist and of the ‘Free-Willist’.

1991 R. W. B. Lewis Jameses iv. xvii. 559 He was a free-willist of long persuasion.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	free will
释义	free willn. Brit. /ˌfriː ˈwɪl/, U.S. /ˌfri ˈwɪl/ Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and will n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: free adj., will n.¹ Etymology: < free adj. + will n.¹, partly after classical Latin līberum arbitrium, lībera voluntās, especially in post-classical Latin senses. With sense 1 compare also Anglo-Norman and Old French fraunche volunte (1296 onwards as a legal formula in British sources); with sense 2 compare Old French, Middle French, French franc arbitre (1265; now archaic), Middle French, French libre volonté (1561), French libre arbitre (1649).Classical Latin līberum arbitrium meant ‘full power to decide, discretionary power, legal freedom of action’; classical Latin voluntās lībera (in Lucretius 2. 256-7 and Cicero De Fato 20) had a sense closer to ‘free ability to choose’. In the writings of St Augustine, in which the concept of the will is developed more fully than it had been in antiquity, liberum arbitrium ‘free decision’ and libera voluntas ‘a free will’ are distinguished. The subsequent history of both terms is complicated, but it can be said that libera voluntas is much more usual than liberum arbitrium in legal documents, often in formulae such as mera et libera voluntate ‘by pure, unconstrained choice’ (12th cent. or earlier, and from 13th cent. in British sources), and that liberum arbitrium is somewhat more usual than libera voluntas in theology. 1. a. Spontaneous or unconstrained will; unforced choice; (also) inclination to act without suggestion from others. Esp. in of one's (own) free will and similar expressions. †in one's free will: depending on one's choice. See also of one's own (free) motive will at motive adj. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adverb] > with freedom of will in one's free will?c1225 at a person's willc1300 abandonc1330 freely1340 wilfully1340 contingently1601 electively1636 facultatively1887 the mind > will > free will > [noun] > of actions free will1590 voluntariness1612 ultroneousness1623 spontaneousnessa1649 spontaneity1651 OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 200 Næfð ðis word [sc. volo] nænne imperatiuum, forðan ðe se willa sceal beon æfre frig.] ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 5 Þeos & þullich oðere beoð alle ifreo [read i freo] wille to don oðer to leten hwile me wule. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 2646 (MED) But septer & crowne frely I resigne..Of my fre wil hool into þin hond. c1425 Castle of Love (Egerton) (1967) l. 4 God send vs thoght to his plesyng, In whos fre wil hynges all thyng. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 69 To proue a..caus..be gage of armes jn clos bataill, of a mannis free will. ?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. c.v Uery happy is a christen man sit y^t y^e victori is..put in his owne frewill. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G6^v All the castle quaked from the ground, And euery dore of freewill open flew. 1611 Bible (King James) Ezra vii. 13 All they..which are minded of their owne free-will to goe vp to Ierusalem. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 635 Least Passion sway Thy Judgement to do aught, which else free Will Would not admit. View more context for this quotation 1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. ii. iii. 38 Every Ship's Master is left to his free-will, whether he will sail into the Ice. 1784 R. Bage Barham Downs II. 258 You shall be allowed to give and grant it, out of your own free will. 1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain II. xvi. 345 Though I left it thrice, it was of my own free will. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 615 The relinquishment of Edinburgh by the English may have been somewhat less completely an act of free will. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 128 They were allowed to wander at their own free will. 1919 L. Meriwether War Diary of Diplomat 93 There are two good reasons for believing that Berlin has received false reports: first, the French seem disposed of their own free will to be humane [etc.]. 1946 W. H. Auden Table Talk (1990) 2 It's very unfortunate, but when a character has absolutely no free will it becomes very boring. 1982 J. Simms Unsolicited Gift i. 36 We must..give everything away, of our own free will. 2003 J. Cowburn Love xviii. 179 Neither other people, circumstances nor forces in myself compel me to do this. I love you of my own free will. †b. Arbitrary or licentious will. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [noun] goleshipc1000 golenessa1050 kaggerleȝcc1175 untowenshipa1250 follyc1300 wantonnessc1390 ragerya1393 nicetya1400 wantonhead1435 lightnessa1450 gole?a1500 free will?1518 nicenessa1533 looseness1576 licentiousness1586 waggishness1591 libertinage1611 libertinism1611 licence1713 fastness1859 permissiveness1946 ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Ciiij^v In stede of vertue, ruleth frewyll, and lust. 1547 W. Salesbury Dict. Eng. & Welshe Mympwy, Frewyll. 2. The power of an individual to make free choices, not determined by divine predestination, the laws of physical causality, fate, etc. Also: the doctrine that human beings possess this power and are hence able to direct and bear responsibility for their own actions. Frequently opposed to determinism n. 2, predestination n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [noun] freedomeOE free will1340 arbitryc1374 advisementa1398 freedom of will?c1400 liberty?c1400 wilfulnessc1460 liberal arbitre?1483 contingencec1530 indifferencya1555 contingency1561 freedom of thought1591 self-willingness1591 volunt1611 voluntariness1643 uncommandedness1646 autexousy1678 volency1686 inconditionality1696 unconditionalitya1714 indifference1728 volition1738 vacancy1754 voluntarity1794 autonomy1803 unconditionalness1843 unconditionedness1854 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 86 Þe uerste is uri-wyl, huer-by he may chyese, and do, uryliche oþer þet guod oþer þet kuead. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) iv. pr. vi. 104 Of the knowynge and predestinacion diuine and of the lyberte of fre wille [L. de arbitrii libertate]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9408 Wijt and skill he gaf þam till, Might, and fairhid, and frewill. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20564 (MED) The goode to savacioun, The evele vn-to dampnacioun, Constreyned no-thyng by destyne, But by ffre wyl and lyberte. 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. &&.i^v He made vs & endued vs with reason & frewyll. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 19 Fre wyl can not be wythout knolege both of the gud & of the yl. 1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. i. f. 2 The frie vil being cooperant to the Halie Spreit, obeyis Goddis commandementis. 1656 T. Hobbes Questions conc. Liberty, Necessity & Chance 1 The third way of bringing things to passe distinct from Necessitie and Chance, namely, Freewill. 1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 364 The Doctrine of Free-will is laid down as Calvinistically as one could wish for. 1700 J. Astry tr. D. de Saavedra Fajardo Royal Politician I. 205 Such variety of Events, as fortune produces, or free-will prepares. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. i. ⁋16. 67 To ascribe a real Causality to Free-will. 1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend (new ed.) I. xv. 67 The mysterious faculty of free-will and consequent personal amenability. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1855) 1st Ser. ii. 22 Without free-will there could be no human goodness. 1895 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 5 410 It is the requirements of science and not the requirements of systematic theology which seem to trouble the present-day defenders of free-will. 1911 J. Ward Realm of Ends i. 15 Laplace, brushing aside freewill as a palpable illusion, proclaimed the implicit omniscience of the mechanical theory. 1960 R. Davies Voice from Attic v. 179 Twaddle as we may about free will, some of us are bound to live in a context of farce. 1984 D. C. Dennett Elbow Room 2 Many..have gone on to propose alternative reconciliations of free will with determinism (different varieties of..compatibilism). 2002 Free Inq. Spring 33/2 This tradition stressed human free will, strongly opposing the predestinarians who taught that everything was foreordained. Compounds C1. attributive. Given willingly or spontaneously (esp. in free-will offering). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > free gift wil-ȝeouea1225 free-will offering1530 gratuitum1602 volunteer1757 free gift1909 giveaway1934 freeness1938 free1982 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xxiii. 38 All your fre will offerynges whiche ye shall geue vnto the Lorde. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms liii[i]. 6 A frewil offeringe wil I geue the. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A2 Dayly Sacrifices, and free will Offerings; The one proceeding vpon ordinarie obseruance..The other vppon a deuout cheerefulnesse. View more context for this quotation 1684 P. Ker Flosculum Poeticum 60 The tender buds of our young smiling spring We did present, a free-will offering. 1727 M. Davys Accomplish'd Rake 123 Let you and I make a Free-will-Offering of our Hearts to each other, they will soon take Root, and fix in our different Bosoms. 1784 J. Wesley Let. 3 July (1931) VII. 224 His service will do no good there unless it be a free-will offering. 1843 Times 16 Dec. 6/2 Of course the 1,800l. was intended to be a free will gift to the parish. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 44 The free-will offerings of their golden ornaments by the Libyan women. 1893 Jewish Q. Rev. 5 426 The Sadducees asserted that this offering should be brought as a free-will sacrifice by every individual. 1965 M. J. C. Calley God's People ix. 106 The 1960–1 income of a London congregation..consisted of £900 from tithes and £200 from free-will offerings. 1992 M. I. Holt Orphan Trains iii. 83 Funding for the endeavor came, in part, from the ‘free-will gifts’ of more fortunate children. C2. General attributive and objective (in sense 2). ΚΠ 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. sig. B.5^v /2 Freewill doctrine thought not too be repugnant to saluation. 1627 S. Ward Christ All in All 13 To all Hee Saints and Shee Saints, Merit and Freewill-mongers, shall hee not in his Iealousie breake out and say, What haue I to doe with you? a1640 W. Fenner Wilful Impenitency (1648) vii. 8 (note) All the free wil mongers the reason why they do not repent, is because they will not. 1793 R. Jeffery Gospel Truth States 112 The dreadful and bitter fruits of all free-will doctrines. 1887 J. C. Morrison Service of Man ix. 298 The determinist is not less but more resolute in teaching morality than his free-will opponent. 1958 J. Wilson Lang. & Christian Belief vi. 76 Most Christians would probably say that God could influence us..but that He prefers not to; and they would try to fortify this position by the free-will defence. 1996 Jrnl. Amer. Acad. Relig. 64 891 The major objection to necessary universalism, as Kvanvig sees it, is the free will argument. C3. Free Will Baptist n. a member of a North American sect, of Welsh origin, of Arminian Baptists. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Baptists > sects and groups > [noun] > Free Will Free Will Baptist1732 1732 J. Swift Advantages repealing Sacramental Test 7 Of the three Judges on each Bench, the first may be a Presbyterian, the second a Free-Will Baptist, and the third a Churchman. 1816 W. Bentley Diary 19 May (1914) IV. 389 In Salem, the Free Will Baptists had an Immersion. 1847 H. Howe Hist. Coll. Ohio 348 The village contains..1 Free Will Baptist, 1 Methodist and 1 Universalist church. 1880 Lib. Universal Knowl. II. 200 They wished to be known simply as Baptists, but their opponents called them ‘free-willers’, and both names having been combined, the denomination has accepted ‘Free-Will Baptists’ as their distinctive appellation. 1966 R. G. Torbet Hist. Baptists (rev. ed.) x. 285 The Freewill Baptist periodical, The Morning Star, became..vocal against slavery. 1998 B. Kingsolver Poisonwood Bible (1999) iii. 193 I don't think Dad ever forgave me, later on, for becoming a Free Will Baptist. free will men n. now historical those who defend the doctrine of free will against strong versions of the doctrine of predestination; esp. a group of 16th-cent. English dissenters characterized by their anti-predestinarian theology; cf. free-willer n.Less commonly with capital initial. ΚΠ 1548 R. Crowley Confut. N. Shaxton sig. Iviiiv Here begynne the freewyl men to..crye out vpon suche priuate exemples to proue Gods vniuersall predestination. 1577 W. Fulke Two Treat. against Papistes ii. i. Pref. 13 The free will men of our time. 1699 T. Edwards Paraselene dismantled of her Cloud 354/1 His was the very same Objection which the Pelagians and Free-will-men urged Augustine withal many years ago. 1777 J. Fletcher Reply to Calvinists & Fatalists iv. 70 It is as ridiculous..to suppose, that upon the scheme of free-will men, are independent Beings. 1855 Defender 9 June 365 This is practical necessarianism. Christianity, even by free-will men, is propagated on principles of necessity in the same way. 1976 16th Cent. Jrnl. 7 69 Holding gambling to be a sin, the Free-will men were shocked to see orthodox Protestants using it to pass the time. 2000 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 39 21 A zealous minority, commonly referred to, both then and now, as the freewillers or freewill men, challenging the predestinarian views of Ridley. Derivatives free-ˈwilled adj. having the faculty of free will. Also: following one's own inclinations. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > exercising or capable of free will freeeOE activea1398 indetermined1628 volent1654 undeterminate1668 free-willing1675 autexousious1678 free-willed1678 automatous1732 spontaneous1732 indeterminate1836 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 889 Peccability, arises from the Necessity of Imperfect Freewilled Beings, left to themselves. 1709 M. Prior Ode to Col. Villiers in Poems (1905) 121 In vain we think that free-will'd Man has pow'r. 1798 E. Wallace Universal Alarm xviii. 256 Every possible Means that is in His divine Power to exert, consistent with free-willed Beings. 1887 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 2 June 5/3 When the great Ruler placed us here on earth, free-willed creatures, endowed with reason. 1938 C. C. Zimmerman Changing Community xxv. 631 Individuals had always acted with a degree of selfish motivation; localism had never stifled free-willed behavior. 1994 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 6 Oct. a22/2 How do you prevent free-willed individuals from committing illegal activities? free-ˈwillist n. rare a believer in the doctrine of free will; a libertarian. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [noun] > one who holds the doctrine of free-willer1614 Frank-arbitrian1633 volent1768 libertarian1789 free-willist1867 1867 W. Bagehot in Fortn. Rev. Nov. 522 Every Freewillist holds that, upon the whole, if you strengthen the motive in a given direction, mankind tend more to act in that direction. 1899 W. James in Atlantic Monthly May 624/2 The free-willist believes the appearance to be a reality; the determinist believes that it is an illusion. 1905 Philos. Rev. 14 481 The notion that there have never been any other positions in philosophy than those of the Determinist and of the ‘Free-Willist’. 1991 R. W. B. Lewis Jameses iv. xvii. 559 He was a free-willist of long persuasion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1225
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