fluo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: fluor n.¹, fluorine n., -o- connective.

Etymology: < flu- (in fluor n.¹ and (in later use) fluorine n.) + -o- connective, originally after French fluo- (formations in which are found from the early 19th cent., e.g. fluoborique , fluoborate : see fluoboric adj., fluoborate n.). Compare fluoro- comb. form.Found in a number of scientific terms, earliest (in the early 19th cent.) in adaptations from French and German. Formations within English are found from the first half of the 19th cent.

Chemistry and Mineralogy.

1. Forming words denoting compounds containing fluorine (cf. fluoro- comb. form). Frequently (esp. formerly) forming adjectives in -ic denoting acids in which fluorine is a component along with another element (as fluotantalic, fluotitanic), and nouns in -ate denoting either salts of such acids or mixed salts containing fluoride (as fluoaluminate, fluophosphate, fluotitanate, fluozirconate).Recorded earliest in fluoboric adj., fluoborate n.fluoro- is the combining form recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

ΚΠ

1810 Edinb. Monthly Mag. May 17 They [sc. Gay-Lussac and Thénard] found it a compound of fluoric and boracic acids dissolved in water, and gave it the name of fluoboric acid.

1826 Ann. Philos. New Ser. 11 371 Distinct genera of salts, entitled to the names of fluo-titanates, fluo-columbates, &c.

1837 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias (ed. 4) 161 Fluo-tantalic Acid. This is prepared from the new metal, tantalum, by treating it with fluoric acid.

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 259 The fluoniobates are known to be isomorphous with the fluosilicates and fluotitanates.

1889 I. Remsen Inorg. Chem. xxii. 417 Titanium Tetrafluoride... When treated with water it forms a compound analogous to fluosilicic acid, called fluotitanic acid, H₂TiF₆.

1915 S. I. Levy Rare Earths xvi. 239 The potassium fluozirconate formed may be dissolved by boiling with dilute hydrofluoric acid, and separates out readily on cooling.

1935 J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theoret. Chem. 14 lxvi. 412 G. Cesaro and G. Desprez described a mineral..which they called richellite. The analysis corresponds with calcium ferric fluophosphate.

1971 R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) Gloss. 657 Cryolite, an inorganic insecticide, sodium fluoaluminate; useful in controlling codling moth, orange tortrix, and several other chewing insects.

2004 Update Standards Jan. 23 These names are draft names and should not be regarded or used as adopted... Fluopicolide or fenclopicolide, 2,6-dichloro-N-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridylmethyl]benzamide.

fluobenzene n.

Brit.

/ˌfluːə(ʊ)ˈbɛnziːn/

/ˌfluːə(ʊ)bɛnˈziːn/

U.S.

/ˌfluoʊˈbɛnˌzin/

/ˌfluoʊˌbɛnˈzin/

[after German Fluorbenzol (see fluorobenzene n. at fluoro- comb. form 1b); compare French fluobenzol (1870 or earlier)] now rare = fluorobenzene n. at fluoro- comb. form 1b.

ΚΠ

1871 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 9 369 When calcium fluobenzoate was distilled with 4·3 times its weight of calcium hydrate it was decomposed, yielding fluobenzene.

1888 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 46 426 Fluobenzene is a limpid liquid, smelling like benzene.

1948 A. I. Vogel Textbk. Pract. Org. Chem. iv. 585 Heat the flask more strongly to drive off any remaining fluobenzene.

fluoborate n.

Brit.

/ˌfluːə(ʊ)ˈbɔːreɪt/

U.S.

/ˌfluoʊˈbɔˌreɪt/

[after French fluoborate (J. L. Gay-Lussac 1809, in Mém. de physique et de chim. de la Soc. d'Arcueil 2 253)] a salt of fluoboric acid.

ΚΠ

1810 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 4) V. App. 836 (table) Fluo-borate of ammonia.

1903 S. Rideal Disinfection & Preservation Food iv. 106 Fluoborates have been proposed as antiseptics.

2001 J.R. Davis Copper & Copper Alloys 129/2 The copper fluoborate bath produces highspeed plating and dense deposits up to any required thickness.

fluohydric acid n.

Brit.

/ˌfluːə(ʊ)hʌɪdrɪk ˈasɪd/

U.S.

/ˌfluoʊˌhaɪdrɪk ˈæsəd/

= hydrofluoric acid at hydrofluoric adj.; cf. fluorhydric acid n. at fluoro- comb. form 1b.

ΚΠ

1833 R. Hare in Jrnl. Philadelphia Coll. Pharmacy 5 212 Hence [in designating acids] we should employ the words chlorohydric, fluohydric, borohydric, iodohydric, cyanohydric, in lieu of hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, hydrocyanic.

1835 R. Hare in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 27 72 The compound formed by fluorine with hydrogen (‘hydrofluoric acid’ or fluohydric acid as I prefer to call it).

1916 L. S. Marks Mech. Engineers' Handbk. 531 Solutions of caustic alkalies, chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluohydric acid rapidly corrode the metal [sc. aluminum].

2005 X.-E. Zhang & J.-Y. Deng in C. Wittmann Immobilisation DNA Chips II 176 Etch arrays on the glass slides (1 mm x 25 mm x 75 mm) with fluohydric acid (40%) at room temperature for 2 h.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fluo-
释义	fluo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: fluor n.¹, fluorine n., -o- connective. Etymology: < flu- (in fluor n.¹ and (in later use) fluorine n.) + -o- connective, originally after French fluo- (formations in which are found from the early 19th cent., e.g. fluoborique , fluoborate : see fluoboric adj., fluoborate n.). Compare fluoro- comb. form.Found in a number of scientific terms, earliest (in the early 19th cent.) in adaptations from French and German. Formations within English are found from the first half of the 19th cent. Chemistry and Mineralogy. 1. Forming words denoting compounds containing fluorine (cf. fluoro- comb. form). Frequently (esp. formerly) forming adjectives in -ic denoting acids in which fluorine is a component along with another element (as fluotantalic, fluotitanic), and nouns in -ate denoting either salts of such acids or mixed salts containing fluoride (as fluoaluminate, fluophosphate, fluotitanate, fluozirconate).Recorded earliest in fluoboric adj., fluoborate n.fluoro- is the combining form recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. ΚΠ 1810 Edinb. Monthly Mag. May 17 They [sc. Gay-Lussac and Thénard] found it a compound of fluoric and boracic acids dissolved in water, and gave it the name of fluoboric acid. 1826 Ann. Philos. New Ser. 11 371 Distinct genera of salts, entitled to the names of fluo-titanates, fluo-columbates, &c. 1837 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias (ed. 4) 161 Fluo-tantalic Acid. This is prepared from the new metal, tantalum, by treating it with fluoric acid. 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 259 The fluoniobates are known to be isomorphous with the fluosilicates and fluotitanates. 1889 I. Remsen Inorg. Chem. xxii. 417 Titanium Tetrafluoride... When treated with water it forms a compound analogous to fluosilicic acid, called fluotitanic acid, H₂TiF₆. 1915 S. I. Levy Rare Earths xvi. 239 The potassium fluozirconate formed may be dissolved by boiling with dilute hydrofluoric acid, and separates out readily on cooling. 1935 J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theoret. Chem. 14 lxvi. 412 G. Cesaro and G. Desprez described a mineral..which they called richellite. The analysis corresponds with calcium ferric fluophosphate. 1971 R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) Gloss. 657 Cryolite, an inorganic insecticide, sodium fluoaluminate; useful in controlling codling moth, orange tortrix, and several other chewing insects. 2004 Update Standards Jan. 23 These names are draft names and should not be regarded or used as adopted... Fluopicolide or fenclopicolide, 2,6-dichloro-N-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridylmethyl]benzamide. 2. fluobenzene n. Brit. /ˌfluːə(ʊ)ˈbɛnziːn/ , /ˌfluːə(ʊ)bɛnˈziːn/ , U.S. /ˌfluoʊˈbɛnˌzin/ , /ˌfluoʊˌbɛnˈzin/ [after German Fluorbenzol (see fluorobenzene n. at fluoro- comb. form 1b); compare French fluobenzol (1870 or earlier)] now rare = fluorobenzene n. at fluoro- comb. form 1b. ΚΠ 1871 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 9 369 When calcium fluobenzoate was distilled with 4·3 times its weight of calcium hydrate it was decomposed, yielding fluobenzene. 1888 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 46 426 Fluobenzene is a limpid liquid, smelling like benzene. 1948 A. I. Vogel Textbk. Pract. Org. Chem. iv. 585 Heat the flask more strongly to drive off any remaining fluobenzene. fluoborate n. Brit. /ˌfluːə(ʊ)ˈbɔːreɪt/ , U.S. /ˌfluoʊˈbɔˌreɪt/ [after French fluoborate (J. L. Gay-Lussac 1809, in Mém. de physique et de chim. de la Soc. d'Arcueil 2 253)] a salt of fluoboric acid. ΚΠ 1810 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 4) V. App. 836 (table) Fluo-borate of ammonia. 1903 S. Rideal Disinfection & Preservation Food iv. 106 Fluoborates have been proposed as antiseptics. 2001 J.R. Davis Copper & Copper Alloys 129/2 The copper fluoborate bath produces highspeed plating and dense deposits up to any required thickness. fluohydric acid n. Brit. /ˌfluːə(ʊ)hʌɪdrɪk ˈasɪd/ , U.S. /ˌfluoʊˌhaɪdrɪk ˈæsəd/ = hydrofluoric acid at hydrofluoric adj.; cf. fluorhydric acid n. at fluoro- comb. form 1b. ΚΠ 1833 R. Hare in Jrnl. Philadelphia Coll. Pharmacy 5 212 Hence [in designating acids] we should employ the words chlorohydric, fluohydric, borohydric, iodohydric, cyanohydric, in lieu of hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, hydrocyanic. 1835 R. Hare in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 27 72 The compound formed by fluorine with hydrogen (‘hydrofluoric acid’ or fluohydric acid as I prefer to call it). 1916 L. S. Marks Mech. Engineers' Handbk. 531 Solutions of caustic alkalies, chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluohydric acid rapidly corrode the metal [sc. aluminum]. 2005 X.-E. Zhang & J.-Y. Deng in C. Wittmann Immobilisation DNA Chips II 176 Etch arrays on the glass slides (1 mm x 25 mm x 75 mm) with fluohydric acid (40%) at room temperature for 2 h. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1810
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