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单词 anti-
释义

anti-prefix

In nouns of the type in sense 1, primary stress is attracted to the first syllable of this prefix. In most other cases, primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the subsequent element.
Forms: Old English (rare)–1600s anty-, Old English–1700s ante-, Old English– anti-, 1500s– ant- (before a vowel).
Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ἀντι-.
Etymology: < ancient Greek ἀντι- (also, before a vowel, ἀντ- ) opposite, over against, in opposition to, mutually, in return, instead of, equal to, like, corresponding, counter < ἀντί (preposition) opposite, over against, instead, in the place of, in return for, for the sake of, compared with, in preference to < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit anti , classical Latin ante (see ante- prefix).Uses in Greek. In Greek combined adverbially with: (1) verbs, as ancient Greek ἀντιλέγειν to speak against, contradict (see Antilegomena n.); (2) verbal adjectives, as ἀντίλογος speaking against, contradictory, ἀντίλεκτος spoken against, disputed; (3) verbal nouns and abstract nouns from verbal nouns, as ἀντίλεξις speaking against, contradiction, ἀντιλογία contradictoriness, disputation (see antilogy n.); (4) other nouns, forming adjectives and nouns, as ancient Greek ἀντίβιος using force (βία ) on the opposite side, ἀντιστράτηγος general on the opposite side, the enemy's general; passing into the sense of ‘counterfeit, false’, as Hellenistic Greek ἀντίκλεις a key rivalling or simulating the true one, a counterfeit key. Less commonly combined prepositionally with nouns in: (5) synthetic adjectives as ancient Greek ἀντίθυρος opposite the door ( < ἀντὶ θύρας ), ἀντίθεος rivalling the gods ( < ἀντὶ θεῶν ), Hellenistic Greek ἀντίχριστος opposed to Christ, an opponent of Christ (see Antichrist n.). History of use in Latin and French. A number of Greek words in ἀντι- occur as loanwords in classical Latin, and many more in post-classical Latin. Additionally, some new formations in anti- are found in post-classical Latin, including e.g. (before 1500) antipapa antipope n., antichristianus antichristian n. (both after antichristus Antichrist n.), antigraphus (see antigrapher n.), (after 1500) antimeria antimeria n., antitrinitarius (see anti-Trinitarian adj.), Antinomi (see antinomian n.). Old French and Middle French show a number of borrowings from Latin, but new formations in French are very rare before the 18th cent. History within English. In Old English found in the early borrowing anthem n. (compare η. forms at anthem n. and later antiphon n.) and in Antichrist n. In Middle English found in a small number of borrowings from Latin or French (mostly ultimately from Greek), as antipodes n., Antarctic adj., antidote n., antiphon n. (and related words), antispastic adj., antithesis n., antipope n. Borrowings into English become much more frequent in the 16th cent., mostly from Latin (or in some cases French), and in most cases ultimately reflecting words formed in Greek. Compare e.g. Antidicomarian n., antiphrasis n., antiptosis n., antistrophe n., antitheton n., antirrhinum n., antichthones n., Antidicomarianite n., antilogy n., antipathy n., antiperistasis n., antimetabole n., antinomy n.1, antibacchius n., or (reflecting words not found in Greek) antinomian n., antimeria n., anti-Trinitarian adj. Names of rhetorical terms are particularly frequent among the 16th-cent. borrowings. Occasional new formations within English are found from the second half of the 16th cent., as anti-Calvinist n., anti-physical adj., anti-Catholic n. (and probably also antanagoge n., on which see below); they become much more frequent from the early 17th cent., e.g. anti-natural adj., antidemoniac n., anti-priest n., anti-god n., anti-Jesuit adj., anti-Scripturian adj., anti-Sabbatarian n., anticeremonial adj., anti-monarchically adv. The meanings ‘against ——’ or ‘opposed to ——’ (compare sense 3) eventually come to predominate among English formations, but formations (prefixed to nouns) in which the prefix has the meanings ‘rival, pretended, spurious ——’, ‘counter-’, ‘that is the opposite or antithesis of ——’ (compare sense 1) are very common among 17th-cent. formations, compare e.g. anti-priest n. and (in some uses) anti-god n., and the many 17th-cent. formations illustrated at sense 1. For early examples of formations (prefixed to adjectives) in which the prefix has the meanings ‘the opposite of ——’, ‘that is not at all ——’ (compare sense 2), compare e.g. anti-natural adj., antilogical adj. at sense 2b, anti-creative adj. at sense 2b, antigrammatical adj. at sense 2b; this pattern remains a relatively minor one in all periods in English. Historical development of uses in sense 3. The now predominant uses in sense 3 apparently arose from a relatively small number of models in Latin (and, via Latin, Greek); antichristus Antichrist n. and especially the related antichristianus , noun and adjective (see antichristian adj. and n.) appear to have been the main models, probably alongside names of sects such as Antidicomarianitae (see Antidicomarianite n.) and Antinomi (see antinomian n.); probably the process was that formations in sense 1 having the meaning ‘rival’ or ‘set up in opposition to’ were reinterpreted as showing the meaning ‘that is opposed to’, and in particular antichristianus was taken (already in Latin) to have the meaning ‘opposed to Christ or Christianity’ rather than ‘relating to or resembling Antichrist’. English formations in sense 3 in combination with a suffixed word (compare senses 3a(a), 3b(a), 3c) often have reference to the meaning of the underlying base word rather than (or in addition to) the meaning of the derivative word. Thus anti-Calvinist n. denotes both someone who is opposed to Calvin and someone who is opposed to Calvinism; as in this instance, the two meanings are often inseparable in most normal contexts of use. In a case such as anticeremonial adj. the basic meaning is ‘opposed to ceremony’, but it is unclear whether this is reached primarily through morphological analysis, ceremonial being the usual adjective corresponding to ceremony , or through semantic analysis, since being ‘opposed to ceremony’ involves being ‘opposed to that which is ceremonial’, and vice versa. Uses of this type probably arose on the model of the use of post-classical Latin antichristianus in the meanings (as adjective) ‘opposed to Christ’ and (as noun) ‘enemy of Christ’ (in addition to ‘opposed to Christianity’ and ‘enemy of Christianity’ as well as ‘relating to the Antichrist’ and ‘supporter of the Antichrist’); in Latin formations of this type the same ambiguity of analysis is found (since, semantically, that which is Christian is that which pertains to Christ, but also, morphologically, christianus is the adjective corresponding to Christus ). The situation is greatly complicated by the tendency of nouns to show conversion to (attributive) adjectives and vice versa: compare examples at senses 3a(a) and 3b(a), which have been allocated here on the basis of the order of their historical attestation. On the model of formations with an adjective in sense 3a(a) there also arose formations with a simple noun in attributive use with adjectival meaning (see sense 3a(b)). So, just as anti-ecclesiastical adj. at sense 3a(a)(ii) can be used with the meaning ‘opposed to the church’ so can anti-Church adj. Such constructions have become very widespread in prepositional phrases modifying a noun, e.g. anti-combination laws , denoting laws against combination; compare similar attributive use of prepositional phrases of Latin origin, e.g. ‘ante-mortem fame’, ‘ex tempore discourse’, ‘pro forma resolution’, ‘post mortem examination’, and also constructions with English prepositions, such as ‘after-dinner speech’, ‘down-river steamer’, ‘underground railway’, ‘across-country road’, ‘off-hand reply’, ‘out-of-doors life’. In this context anti- is always used in preference to the native preposition against . Constructions of this type seem to have begun in the mid 17th cent. with anti-court party (compare court party ); other notable instances include anti-corn-law adj. at sense 3a(b)(ii) (modifying league ), anti-rent adj. at sense 3a(b)(ii) (modifying agitation ), anti-slavery adj. (modifying society ), anti-state church adj. at sense 3a(b)(ii) (modifying association ), anti-vaccination adj. (modifying society ). Words with an underlying verbal construction. Words in which anti- (from a semantic perspective) adverbially qualifies the underlying verb in what are ultimately verbal nouns or adjectives are largely restricted to borrowings ultimately from Greek, as antilogism n., antinomy n.1, antiphonic adj., antiphony n., antithesis n., antithetic adj. and n.; a rare early formation on this model may be shown by antanagoge n.; compare also occasional more recent words such as antitropous adj. Compare also occasional combinations directly with a verb, as antipose v., and also the special class of formations with an agent noun (see sense 3b(b)). Form history. Before a second element beginning with a vowel (or h ) the full form anti- is normally retained, in spite of the (ultimately Greek) precedent of words such as antagonize v., antagonist n., and Antarctic adj. For examples of words in which forms in ant- before a vowel are either usual or very common see antoeci n., antapology n., antiapoplectic adj. and n., antiepileptic adj. and n., antiasthmatic n. and adj., antiarthritic n. and adj., antaphroditic adj. and n., antiaphrodisiac adj. and n., antacid adj. and n., antalgic adj. and n., antephialtic n. and adj. (probably all either from or after Latin forms), and also antiemetic adj. and n., antanagoge n., antalkali n. (after antacid n.), antacrid adj., antambulacral adj., antapex n. With anth- (often pronounced Brit. /anθ/, U.S. /ænθ/), resulting from combination of anti- with a word beginning with h- , compare anthelion n., anthelmintic n. and adj., anthypophora n. (all reflecting Latin and Greek forms), and anthelix variant of antihelix n., anthypnotic variant of antihypnotic adj. and n.
1. Prefixed adjectivally to nouns (including proper nouns).
a.
(a) Forming nouns denoting persons who or (occasionally) things which are set up or proclaimed as rivals or opponents to that which is denoted by the first element; also with the sense ‘pretended’, ‘spurious’, ‘pseudo-’ (cf. pseudo- comb. form 1).Important models for formations of this type are Antichrist n. and antipope n.Some of the more significant formations are treated separately.
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1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale ii. ii. 203 [They] exempted themselues out of their power (by reason of the diuision betwixt them and the Anticaliphes [Fr. Anticaliphes]).
1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity Estates 462 Clement the eight,..during the schisme after Bennet the thirteenth, was chosen by certaine Spanish Cardinalls, or Anticardinalls [Fr. Anticardinaux].
1692 H. Dodwell Vindic. Deprived Bishops i. 18 None can suppose an Antimonarch's Title good, till he has shewn that the first Monarch's Title is not so.
1856 M. M. Busk Mediæval Popes, Emperors, Kings, & Crusaders III. iii. x. 79 [They] protested against the Bremen election, and elected an anti-archbishop, in the person of its Dean, Burkhard.
1864 Trans. London & Middlesex Archaeol. Soc. 2 212 Bownell..was re-instituted on 22nd of September, 1591; North the anti-vicar having apparently held the preferment for ten years.
1967 J. Riley-Smith Knights St. John Jerusalem & Cyprus iii. 62 For several months the implications of papal authority were hotly disputed within the Order, and we know of the election of an anti-Master..who may have been Grand Commander in 1162.
1992 Revue Mabillon 64 126 Fr. Leonardo de Buonafede, miles and ‘anti-Treasurer’ of the Hospital drew up a constitution for the sisters.
(b)
anti-apostle n.
Brit. /ˈantɪəˌpɒsl/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iəˌpɑs(ə)l/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪəˌpɑs(ə)l/
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1642 F. Potter Interpr. 666 xv. 96 The Cardinalls of Rome..fitly stiled Anti-Apostles.
1737 W. Law Demonstr. Errors Late Bk. 42 This Author..is obliged to own himself to be an Anti-Apostle, and to declare, that not God, but Logic, and much Attention to human Words and Ways of Reasoning, have made him an able Minister of the New Testament.
1995 Vigiliae Christianae 49 183 In the account, Simon Peter ‘the Rock’ crushed by his apostolic authority, Simon Magus ‘the Magician’ the anti-apostle.
† anti-balm n. [after post-classical Latin antibalsamis (1557 in the passage translated)] Obsolete
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1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 261 Of trewe Balm, and antibalm [L. De balsamo vero, & antibalsamis], that is Oyls composed by arte, whiche are vsed in steed of the true Balm.
anti-bishop n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌbɪʃəp/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌbɪʃəp/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌbɪʃəp/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌbɪʃəp/
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c1630 in S. Gossett Hierarchomachia (1982) 50 A Comick Satyre entituled Hierarchomachia, or The Anti-Bishop.
1641 J. Taylor Brownists Synagogue 2 Such an Anti-Bishop was Eaton the famous Button-maker in St. Martins.
1865 E. B. Pusey Eirenicon 74 Fortunatus was an anti-bishop, consecrated in opposition to S. Cyprian.
2004 D. S. Katz God's Last Words 363 Over the next three years, Colenso's enemies tried to find a man willing to be anti-bishop.
anti-Caesar n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌsiːzə/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌsizər/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌsizər/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌsizər/
[compare post-classical Latin anticaesares (a1564)]
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1603 J. Davies Microcosmos 185 Mortal plagues to ev'ry Publike-weale: Right anti-Kesars vndermyning Thrones.
1698 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus I. i. v. 81 Ludovicus of Bavaria, Emperor of Germany, 1314..is oppos'd by an Anti-Cæsar, Frederick of Austria.
1832 Olio 2 June 357/2 The Anti-Cæsar is trampled into dust!
2002 B. Moynahan Faith (2003) x. 218 The German barons chose the duke of Swabia as their ‘Anticaesar’.
† anti-clergy n. Obsolete
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1646 R. Overton Ordinance for Tythes Dismounted (title page) That Valliant and most Victorious Champion, the great Anti-Clergy of our Times, his Superlative Holyness, Reverend Young Martin Mar-Priest.
1655 F. Osborne Advice to Son v. §40. 144 Stipendiaries or Lecturers, that signify little lesse then an Anti-clergy.
† anti-comet n. Obsolete
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1660 A. Cowley Ode Blessed Restoration 10 The flames of one triumphant day, Which like an Anti-Comet here Did fatally to that appear.
anti-deity n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌdeɪᵻti/
,
/ˈantɪˌdiːᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌdiədi/
,
/ˈæn(t)iˌdeɪᵻdi/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌdiədi/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌdeɪᵻdi/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌdiədi/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌdeɪᵻdi/
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1602 J. Davies Mirum in Modum sig. H4 Diu'lls incarnate Antideities.
a1853 S. Noble Wheat & Tares iii. 19 in Eight Parables Explained (1857) Although there is no great personal Devil like this,—no omnipotent Anti-Deity,—it, nevertheless, is true that [etc.].
2008 S. Hahn & B. Wiker Answering New Atheism ii. 38 If Blind Chance is a more improbable, more miraculous cause than God, then Dawkins' choice of Blind Chance as his anti-deity would violate this quite reasonable maxim.
anti-duke n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌdjuːk/
,
/ˈantɪˌdʒuːk/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌd(j)uk/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌd(j)uk/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌd(j)uk/
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1621 tr. R. Verstegan Observ. Present Affaires Holland ii. 48 He [sc. the Duke of Alançon] was sent ouer into the Netherlands, & there made Anti-Duke of Brabant.
1863 R. G. Latham Nationalities of Europe I. 109 The times of the duke and the anti-duke are now over, and Curland is a Russian province.
2004 R. Wilson Secret Shakespeare 224 This anti-Duke, whose crimes chained Warwickshire and Italy to Barbary and Bermuda, may explain some of the paradoxes of Prospero.
anti-emperor n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌɛmp(ə)rə/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌɛmp(ə)rər/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌɛmp(ə)rər/
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1609 tr. ‘J. Ursinus’ Romane Conclaue 120 If they produce not their Anti-emperor, the Pope protesteth..hee will set vp One of his sole Election.
1880 T. Hodgkin Italy & her Invaders I. i. 13 Eighteen emperors were recognised at Rome besides a crowd of anti-emperors in the provinces.
2008 I. F. McNeely & L. Wolverton Reinventing Knowl. iii. 108 Wenceslas was himself challenged by an anti-Emperor.
anti-king n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌkɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌkɪŋ/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌkɪŋ/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌkɪŋ/
[after post-classical Latin antirex (1539 or earlier)]
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1572 A. Golding tr. H. Bullinger Confut. Popes Bull f. 75v He set vp a third aduersary and Antiking [L. antiregem] against the good Emperor, that is to wite, Egbert the Marques of Saxony.
a1617 P. Baynes Diocesans Tryall (1621) 73 If one doe usurpe a kingly power in Kent onely, he were an Anti-king to our Soveraigne.
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 509 An anti-king may..have set himself up in other parts of the kingdom.
1996 O. Horner in M. Twycross Festive Drama 50 Jack Straw, a real-life pretender to the throne or anti-king, was the Inner Temple's ‘Constable Marshall’.
anti-martyr n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌmɑːtə/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌmɑrdər/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌmɑrdər/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌmɑrdər/
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1662 H. More Enthusiasmus Triumphatus (new ed.) lx. 43 in Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 2) These Anti-Martyrs (as I may so call them) give witness singly one against another, yet they jointly give witness against the Atheist.
1755 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 407/1 Amidst this army of anti-martyrs I discern a volume of peculiar appearance.
2006 W. Wizeman Theol. & Spirituality Mary Tudor's Church vii. 234 Lest they be led astray by apparently brave deaths of anti-martyrs: men and women who died for heresy.
anti-Messiah n.
Brit. /ˈantɪmᵻˌsʌɪə/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iməˌsaɪə/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪməˌsaɪə/
,
/ˈæn(t)əməˌsaɪə/
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1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 115 These Baalim brought in by Jezebel were an Anti-Messias.
1891 H. M. Bien (title) Ben Beor. A story of the Anti-Messiah.
2011 H. Terrell Eternity xlv. 281 The emergence of a leader after the apocalypse, an anti-Messiah, according to some accounts.
anti-prophet n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌprɒfɪt/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌprɑfət/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌprɑfət/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌprɑfət/
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1603 G. Downame Treat. conc. Antichrist iv. 62 He is opposed to these offices of Christ, not onely in these respects allreadie mentioned, but as an aemulus, as an antiprophet, an antipriest, and a counter king.
1728 S. Shuckford Sacred & Profane Hist. World Connected II. vi. 127 Then they were neglected, and Anti-prophets, Magicians, Chaldeans, or other Artificers were opposed to them.
1993 A. Al-Azmeh Islams & Modernities vi. 104 It was in fact Najd..which, in the early years of Islam, was the abode of the anti-prophet Musaylima.
(c) Prefixed to personal names, as anti-Moses, anti-Paul, etc. Cf. anti-Caesar n. at sense 1a(b).
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1603 H. Chettle Englandes Mourning Garment sig. D3 Quicke Antihorace though I place thee heere, Together with yong Mœlibee thy frend: And Hewres last Musæus.
1660 T. Fuller Mixt Contempl. i. xii. 20 I might term many of these men Anti-Mephiboshets.
a1667 A. Cowley Liberty in Wks. (1710) II. 676 An Anti-Paul, who became all Things to all men, that he might destroy all.
1685 A. Lovell tr. R. Simon Crit. Hist. Relig. Eastern Nations xv. 151 They pretend an Anti-Mahomet shall come, that Jesus Christ shall descend from Heaven to kill him, and establish the Mahometan Religion.
1858 J. H. A. Bomberger Protestant Theol. & Eccl. Encycl. I. 176/2 The first type of Antichrist in the O.T. [= Old Testament] is Balaam, the Anti-Moses, who, as a false prophet, misused his gifts.
1895 C. Lowe Bismarck's Table-talk i. 2 Bismarck was to prove the correlative, or rather the corrective, of the Corsican upstart—an anti-Napoleon.
1922 Freeman 4 Jan. 404/2 Jesus is, to him [sc. Giovanni Papini],..the Anti-Moses, the Anti-Satan, the Anti-Circe, the Anti-Nietzsche.
2008 B. E. Benson Pious Nietzsche 75 In overturning Paul's ‘perversion’ of Jesus' gospel, Nietzsche would be like Paul—a kind of modern Paul or even an ‘anti-Paul’.
b.
(a) Forming nouns denoting a thing which is of the same kind as the second element, but which is placed or acting in opposition to it, or as a counterpart to it; ‘counter-’. Also rarely forming verbs denoting action of this kind: see anti-maxim v., anti-rumour v.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately.
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1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love ii. iii. sig. D3v The third is your Soldiers face..The Anti-face to this, is your Lawyers face. View more context for this quotation
1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xxiii. 213 To set up an antifame against it [sc. a ridiculous report].
1652 J. Ferriby Lawfull Preacher (title page) A short discourse: shewing, That they only ought to preach who are ordained Ministers... Now printed upon the Anti-preaching of some against it in the same Pulpit.
1665 J. Spencer Disc. Prodigies (ed. 2) 168 Besides One great Cause and Source of Good, there was an Anti-Principle of Evil.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 377 Those anti-ejaculations..bear a great part in the ceremony.
1801 E. Darwin Zoonomia IV. 233 A volition to wink, which by habit becomes stronger than the antivolition not to wink.
1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 55 559 You make leagues and anti-leagues for the sake of your morsel of bread.
1878 Nature 19 Sept. 580/1 It will make the explanation somewhat simpler, if we suppose the tides to be raised by a moon and antimoon diametrically opposite to one another.
1885 N.E.D. Anti-maximed, matched with ‘anti-maxims’ or counter-maxims.
1912 P. Klapper Princ. Educ. Pract. xxiii. 429 The lad who feels a yearning to stay away from school on a spring morning..sways from impulse to anti-impulse.
1987 Times 5 June 12/3 It is urgently necessary that God..should disturb us out of our present postures and anti-postures.
(b)
anti-association n.
Brit. /ˈantɪəsəʊsɪˌeɪʃn/
,
/ˈantɪəsəʊʃɪˌeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iəˌsoʊsiˌeɪʃən/
,
/ˈæn(t)iəˌsoʊʃiˌeɪʃən/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪəˌsoʊsiˌeɪʃən/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪəˌsoʊʃiˌeɪʃən/
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1682 London Gaz. No. 1770/3 A very good Anti-Association and Nursery of Loyalty.
2009 P. A. Harland Dynamics of Identity in World of Early Christians 21 Depending on the perceiver and the moment of perception, Judean gatherings and Christian congregations could be viewed as either typical associations or ‘foreign’ anti-associations.
anti-chorus n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌkɔːrəs/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌkɔrəs/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌkɔrəs/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌkɔrəs/
ΚΠ
1832 Monthly Repos. July 490 The muses form but an anti-chorus to the virtues, and the echoes of fancy repeat and harmonize the voice of wisdom.
1901 E. Gosse Hypolympia viii. 140 Even in the deserts of immensity the soul was stunned and deafened by the chorus and anti-chorus of nature.
2003 Times (Nexis) 2 Dec. 19 By developing the Greek theatrical structure of chorus and anti-chorus, Birtwistle's musical story comprises two distinct orchestral voices.
anti-council n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌkaʊnsl/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌkaʊns(ə)l/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪˌkaʊns(ə)l/
,
/ˈæn(t)əˌkaʊns(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1630 E. Cary tr. J. D. Du Perron Reply to Answeare of King iii. xi. 354 The seauentie six Arrians seperated themselues, from the Bodie of the Councell, and retired them selues to Philopopolis..where they kept an Anti-councell [Fr. anti-Concile].
1820 R. Southey Life Wesley II. xxv. 372 Mr. Wesley was truly a man of peace; and when the Conference and the anti-council met, the result..was something like an accommodation.
1995 tr. Call Silent Love i. 4 On the one hand, councils of reform..and on the other, wars, invasions and anti-councils, anti-popes, schism.
anti-critique n.
Brit. /ˈantɪkrᵻˌtiːk/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)ikrɪˌtik/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪkrɪˌtik/
,
/ˈæn(t)əkrɪˌtik/
ΚΠ
1805 Monthly Mag. Aug. 41/2 An author..had reviewed Laocoon, in a mortifying manner; Lessing published an anti-critique.
1996 J. Gaines & P. Keast tr. H. Joas Creativity of Action 277 The anti-critique put forward by Thomas Saretzki in defence of Habermas and attacking my critique rests on a misunderstanding of my intentions here.
anti-extreme n.
Brit. /ˈantɪᵻkˌstriːm/
,
/ˈantɪɛkˌstriːm/
,
U.S. /ˈæn(t)iɛkˌstrim/
,
/ˈæn(t)iɪkˌstrim/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪɛkˌstrim/
,
/ˈænˌtaɪɪkˌstrim/
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1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 47 If one Extreame should not constitute its Anti-Extreame, all things would soon be in extremo.
1858 J. B. Owen in Every-day Life vi. 149 The momently increasing fury of the gale tested even nerves of iron as with the blast of ‘a puddling furnace’, only operating the effects of heat by its anti-extreme of exquisite cold.
2009 www.theneweffort.com 1 May (accessed 16 Nov. 2011) Any extreme automatically creates its anti-extreme, with history being the long upward ascent of mankind oscillating between extremes until reaching synthesis on all points.
anti-faction n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌfakʃn/
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1653 T. Fuller Infants Advocate xxi. 24 The Antifaction of the Marians being nothing so well monied by their Patron cleaved not so stedfastly unto him.
1956 W. H. D. Rouse tr. Plato Great Dialogues viii. 358 There is faction and anti-faction and a battle ensues within him against himself.
† anti-hemisphere n. Obsolete
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1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 256 That antichthon, or anti-hemisphere, which the ancients opposed to ours.
1743 F. Walsh Antediluvian World xi. 209 If Paradise was in the Southern Hemisphere, either beyond the Ocean, or beyond the Antihemisphere, how came Adam and his Posterity into this our northern Hemisphere?
anti-parliament n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌpɑːlᵻm(ə)nt/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌpɑrləmənt/
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1642 D. Holles Speech Lords Barr 3 The Members are drawne away..to Yorke;..perhaps, to raise and set up an Anti-Parliament there.
1722 W. Duncan Hist. Kings Scotl. 200 The Anti-Parliament met at Oxford, but did not assume the Name and Power of a Parliament.
1997 R. J. Crampton Eastern Europe in 20th Cent. (ed. 2) x. 146 On 1 May [1924], twenty-six deputies who supported Noli set up an anti-parliament in Vlorë.
anti-position n.
Brit. /ˈantɪpəˌzɪʃn/
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1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells iv. 239 Rhetorician, cast away Thy contradicting Phrases..Similitudes, Anti-positions too, Periods and Barbarismes.
1644 P. Hunton Vindic. Treat. Monarchy iii. 17 He..sets up an Antiposition, that..such a people ought to submit.
1969 F. Zweig Israel ii. 34 The great tension between them and the great unrelieved dynamism of each position and anti-position.
anti-Rome n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌrəʊm/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌroʊm/
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/ˈænˌtaɪˌroʊm/
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a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) xv. 201 Permitting him (like a Remus) to leap over any wall of her new-built Anti-Rome.
1883 R. Heath Hist. Landmarks Christian Cent. 251 Geneva..became..the focus of European liberty—a veritable anti-Rome to all the Protestant nations.
1995 E. Dench From Barbarians to New Men ii. 91 Sabinum could become such an effective anti-Rome, when an anti-Rome was first required in the early second century bc, partly because [etc.].
anti-synod n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌsɪnəd/
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/ˈantɪˌsɪnɒd/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌsɪnəd/
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/ˈænˌtaɪˌsɪnəd/
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/ˈæn(t)əˌsɪnəd/
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1618 J. Hales Let. 15 Dec. 34 in Golden Remains (1659) They made themselves an Antisynod, and had among themselves ordained a Præses, two Assessours, and two Scribes.
1653 G. Ashwell Fides Apostolica 272 Who ever and anon framed new Confessions in their Synods and anti-Synods.
1900 R. Putnam tr. P. J. Blok Hist. People Netherlands III. xv. 470 Grevinchoven became the leader in the proceedings of half a score of preachers and elders composing this anti-synod.
2005 A. Milton Brit. Delegation & Synod of Dort p. xlii Those Remonstrants who had organized an anti-synod at Rotterdam.
anti-temple n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌtɛmpl/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌtɛmp(ə)l/
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/ˈænˌtaɪˌtɛmp(ə)l/
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1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. ix. 193 This Priest..there (as the Jewish writers relate) built an Anti-temple on mount Gerizim.
1994 H. Chertok Israeli Preoccupations 2 The fourteenth of July, the commemoration of the crumbling of an anti-Temple in a worldlier capital.
c.
(a) Forming nouns denoting the opposite, contrary, or antithesis of what is denoted by the second element.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately.In some cases denoting something which has the effect of counteracting or cancelling out what is denoted by the first element, and as such not always clearly distinguishable from sense 1b.
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1737 Weekly Misc. 11 Nov. I would only just remark, in Justice to these at present Anti-Patriots, that if they had another Cue given them, they would, I believe, exalt every Measure taken against the Spaniards.
1751 R. Hurd Disc. Poet. Imitation in Horace Epistola ad Augustum 118 That horrid and detested vale, which Tamora describes in Titus Andronicus..is a perfect contrast to Ælian's, and may be called an Anti-tempe.
1837 Tait's Edinb. Mag. July 446/2 Beggary..appears to be one of the fruits of that gigantic tree of anti-knowledge.
1844 P. Godwin Pop. View Doctr. C. Fourier x. 105 An animal the inverse of the lion—an animal good in all the qualities which render the lion dangerous..and which, for the present, may be called an Anti-Lion.
1861 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem III. cliii. 153 They dream of a ‘Constitution’ to support slavery, which honest men shall not alter. They might as well dream of an Anti-Decalogue.
1953 S. Spender Creative Elem. 13 First, there is the phase of highly developed individual vision; secondly that of anti-vision and despair.
1958 New Statesman 30 Aug. 243/2 I can see why its sponsors call it an ‘anti-expresso bar’. Most of the coffee-bars..are dark, fancily decorated dives... The Carlisle Street building, however, is light, simple, [etc.].
1961 M. Laski Ecstasy xviii. 176 These inhibiting objects, events, and ideas I call anti-triggers.
1985 Times 3 Sept. 8 Teenagers are taking instruction from each other in anti-elocution, or teenspeak.
1997 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 28 Aug. (What's On section) 5/1 [She] has made a career of playing the anti-babe. No bubbly bimbo roles for her.
(b)
anti-creation n.
Brit. /ˈantɪkrɪˌeɪʃn/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)ikriˌeɪʃən/
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1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling 159 By a kind of Anti-creation brought darkness out of light.
1971 J. E. Sitter Poetry Pope's Dunciad 33 Implying that these deformed productions..are actually the productions of Faustus, the result of black magic or ‘anti-creation’.
2011 R. A. Jacobson Soundings in Theory of Psalms vii. 120 Limits within which the powers of chaos, anticreation, and randomness operate freely.
anti-creator n.
Brit. /ˈantɪkrɪˌeɪtə/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)ikriˌeɪdər/
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/ˈænˌtaɪkriˌeɪdər/
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1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 10 Let him ask the Author of those toothlesse Satyrs who was the maker, or rather the anticreator of that universall foolery.
1647 S. Rutherford Christ Dying 481 Are you an anti-creator, to undoe what Christ does?
1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. V. ccccxciv. 320 Amongst the Hindus we have Brahma (the Creator) and Viswakarmá, the anti-Creator.
2010 New Yorker 25 Jan. 48/1 He re-imagined Clifford's demon as..an evil and cunning anti-creator who threatens to destroy his young protagonist.
anti-endowment n.
Brit. /ˈantɪᵻnˌdaʊm(ə)nt/
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/ˈantɪɛnˌdaʊm(ə)nt/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iᵻnˌdaʊmənt/
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1834 S. R. Maitland Voluntary Syst. iii. xviii. 158 A sort of anti-endowment of £20 per annum.
2010 C. Janiszewski in G. Keren Perspectives on Framing i. iv. 102 The responses to losing a benefit (e.g., selling), acquiring a benefit (e.g., buying), and losing or acquiring a deficit (anti-endowment) are consistent with shifting reference sets.
† anti-fire n. Obsolete
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1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 6 No divine Truth, but hath much Celestiall fire in it from the Spirit of Truth: nor no irreligious untruth, without its proportion of Antifire from the Spirit of Error.
anti-growth n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌɡrəʊθ/
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1818 J. Brown Psyche 30 Swift's treatises..This antigrowth of words evince: Videlicit was shrunk to viz. And physiognomy was phiz.
2008 G. R. Smith in S. Missailidis Anticancer Therapeutics xix. 350 (caption) The emergent cell circuitry utilized to govern cell behaviour such as growth, anti-growth, controlled cell death..and reaction to stress.
anti-holiday n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌhɒlᵻdeɪ/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌhɑləˌdeɪ/
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1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. 358 The convict's yearly or half-yearly anti-holiday, would impart additional horror and gloom to his solitary reflections.
1991 E. Mehren Born too Soon (1998) x. 233 Mother's Day..had always been a kind of antiholiday in our weird Berkeley household when I was growing up.
anti-logic n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌlɒdʒɪk/
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1732 T. Hayter Short View Gen. Arts Controv. 13 These Arts..would form a Kind of Anti-Logic, for the Use of such choice select Spirits.
1866 Spectator 20 Oct. 1162/2 One of the most precise pieces of..anti-logic ever invented by the mind of man.
1998 New Yorker 12 Sept. 147/1 Wells knew that bad dreams are a model of clarity, and that their mad anti-logic makes horrific good sense.
anti-luminary n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌluːmᵻn(ə)ri/
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/ˈantɪˌljuːmᵻn(ə)ri/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌluməˌnɛri/
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/ˈænˌtaɪˌluməˌnɛri/
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/ˈæn(t)əˌluməˌnɛri/
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1714 J. Addison Spectator No. 582. ⁋5 The Nation has been a great while benighted with several of these Antiluminaries.
1744 Def. People 103 You yourself..will be oblig'd to part with some of your greatest Anti-Luminaries, some of the chief Emanations of Darkness, that adorn your tenebrificous System.
1996 A. H. Knight Life of Law x. 102 [Governor William] Cosby would live in second-class legal infamy, somewhere behind King John, Richard Riche, George Jeffries, Richard Nixon, and other anti-luminaries.
anti-metaphysics n.
Brit. /ˈantɪmɛtəˌfɪzɪks/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌmɛdəˌfɪzɪks/
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1874 J. Hinton Select. from MSS III. 74 How weak the basis of the common-sense, anti-metaphysics is, in this light.
1940 R. G. Collingwood Ess. Metaphysics viii. 81 In the second part I pass from metaphysics to anti-metaphysics, by which I mean a kind of thought that regards metaphysics as a delusion and an impediment to the progress of knowledge, and demands its abolition.
1994 C. F. Alford Group Psychol. & Polit. Theory v. 133 An abstract, metaphysical approach to political theory (even in the guise of the anti-metaphysics of postmodernism) leaves no room for such details.
anti-method n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌmɛθəd/
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1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius 18 Feb. If all Societies took the same Method, or rather the same Anti-method.
1992 P. M. Rosenau Post-modernism & Social Sci. vii. 118 Some post-modernists resist defining deconstruction as a method, while others insist it is an anti-method.
anti-model n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌmɒdl/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌmɑd(ə)l/
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1825 J. Bentham Rationale Reward 98 Either as the models, or if the term may be admitted..the anti-models of the remuneratory branch of procedure.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 9 Apr. 62/4 We must not confuse this anti-model of suburban privacy for Ashbery's own position.
anti-music n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌmjuːzɪk/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌmjuzɪk/
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/ˈænˌtaɪˌmjuzɪk/
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/ˈæn(t)əˌmjuzɪk/
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1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 24 Whether such Anti-musick as this might not be of Service in a Camp, I shall leave to the Military Men to consider.
1794 W. Priest Let. 27 Apr. in Trav. United States (1802) 49 An hibernian musician..was present for the first time at this concert of antimusic [sc. a nocturnal ‘concert’ of frogs].
1840 tr. F. von Raumer Italy & Italians I. i. 11 This gurgling, jumping up and down, and chromatic running about; this outrageous screaming, and suppressed whispering;..all this to me is the non plus ultra of anti-music and of the undramatical.
2007 C. M. Johansson in E. Patterson & E. Rybarczyk Future Pentecostalism in U.S. iv. 57 Rock was in every sense an anti-music, light years removed from western artistic norms.
anti-philosophy n.
Brit. /ˈantɪfᵻˌlɒsəfi/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)ifəˌlɑsəfi/
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/ˈænˌtaɪfəˌlɑsəfi/
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/ˈæn(t)əfəˌlɑsəfi/
[compare post-classical Latin antiphilosophia (a1540)]
ΚΠ
1818 S. T. Coleridge Philos. Lect. (expanded from shorthand transcript) (1949) ii. 107 Materialism..is an anti-philosophy arising out of a thorough coldness of the moral feeling.
1911 Harvard Theol. Rev. 4 83 [They] have lost their way, and are seeking in the bogs of pragmatism and other forms of anti-philosophy for humanity's highway.
2002 R. M. Strozier Foucault, Subjectivity, & Identity i. 22 The Sophist mode as a kind of anti-philosophy..in its denial, against Plato, that there exists more than human knowledge.
anti-philtre n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌfɪltə/
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1812 R. Southey Let. 3 May in Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 266 As powerful an anti-philtre as that fountain in the Forest of Arden which produced so many cross purposes between Angelica and her suitors.
1934 A. F. Niemoeller tr. H. Frichet Fleshpots of Antiq. 72 A lizard drowned in urine acts as an anti-philtre on the man whose urine it is.
anti-poison n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌpɔɪzn/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌpɔɪzn/
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/ˈænˌtaɪˌpɔɪzn/
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/ˈæn(t)əˌpɔɪzn/
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1626 J. Kennedy Hist. Calanthrop & Lucilla sig. C5v His antipoysons have no force, no nor his vipers oyle.
1737 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Angelica, a Plant so named, on account of its being a great Anti-Poison.
1832 C. C. Frankland Narr. Visit to Courts of Russia & Sweden II. ix. 281 Poisoning his whole family, whereof his father alone died—the rest were saved by anti-poisons administered in time.
1903 Independent (N.Y.) 23 Apr. 988/1 These substances are constantly being neutralized by antipoisons manufactured within the body.
2009 B. Castro Bath Fugues 319 Over the years, I've built up my own collection of venoms and anti-poisons, which I house in a Chinese teak cabinet.
anti-savage n.
Brit. /ˈantɪˌsavɪdʒ/
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U.S. /ˈæn(t)iˌsævɪdʒ/
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/ˈænˌtaɪˌsævɪdʒ/
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/ˈæn(t)əˌsævɪdʒ/
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1806 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1805 4 i. 110/1 These anti-savages sell their farms..to European emigrants.
1991 P. Fabra Capitalism versus Anti-Capitalism (1993) iv. 138 Robinson was the antisavage in the sense that he was prepared to work ten hours whereas five would have sufficed for him to gather his daily food.
d.
(a) spec. Used in a neutral or positive sense to designate a form of art, literature, cinema, etc., which is seemingly opposed to the basic conventions or traditions of the form in question or to the form itself. See also anti-art n. 2anti-novel n.Perhaps influenced by earlier similar uses in other languages; cf. quots. 1913, 1920.
ΚΠ
1913 H. B. Samuel Modernities 236 These ideas [of Marinetti's] are succinctly, though no doubt extravagantly, set out in the two manifestos entitled Wireless Imagination and Words at Liberty and The Futurist Anti-Tradition [It. L'Antitradizione Futuristica].
1920 Bulletin Dada Le 2 mars 1920, 2e manifestation​ de la Section d'or. Anti-littérature Dada—Anti-musique Dada—Anti-peinture Dada. On exposera pour la première fois des tableaux Dada à Paris.]
1930 transition June 18 We are facing a movement of anti-poetry.
1935 D. Gascoyne Short Surv. Surrealism ii. 35 The third review to appear was Littérature (which really meant Anti-literature).
1955 J. Bazaine in A. C. Ritchie New Decade 12 The nature of painting is abstraction... It is not only ‘anti-painting’ that reminds us, in terms all too obvious, that a work of art exists only in the degree to which it denies itself, exceeds itself, blasphemes.
1958 Archit. Rev. 124 1/1 His [sc. Debord's] celebrated anti-film Hurlements en Faveur de Sade is chiefly notable for the fact that the uproar it creates is designed and predictable.
1963 Times 11 Feb. 5/2 One begins to apply these doctrines to the anti-play, to Mr. Ionesco and to the other writers who seem to be..in alliance with him.
1985 New York 2 Dec. 156/1 Her [sc. Yoko Ono's] humorless parody of avant-garde anti-sculpture.
2010 Telegraph-Jrnl. (New Brunswick) (Nexis) 30 Jan. g6 The Hundefräulein Papers is a potpourri, a gallimaufry, of lyrics, elegies, found poetry, anti-poems, testamentary tributes and personal anecdotes.
(b) Hence used to designate an exponent of such a form of art, literature, etc.
ΚΠ
1935 D. Gascoyne Short Surv. Surrealism ii. 30 [Picabia] was known to the others as the Anti-painter, just as Tzara was known as the Anti-philosopher.
1959 Listener 5 Nov. 764/1 The anti-artists are those who in their work have attempted to deny or break with every conceivable canon of style, taste, or convention that may have been established by the practice of artists in the past.
1962 Listener 8 Mar. 406/1 The new French school of ‘anti-novelists’.
2010 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 9 June a11 The ‘Eternal Network’, an underground affiliation of artists, poets and anti-artists who deal with text, image, sound, object and performance.
e. Particle Physics.
(a) Forming the names of antiparticles, as anti-electron, antineutrino, antineutron, etc. See antiparticle n.See also antiproton n., antiquark n.
ΚΠ
1931 P. A. M. Dirac in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 133 61 A new kind of particle, unknown to experimental physics, having the same mass and opposite charge to an electron. We may call such a particle an anti-electron.
1959 New Scientist 5 Nov. 854/1 The main ingredients of anti-matter—antiprotons, antineutrons and anti-electrons—can be set in the tables alongside the protons, neutrons and electrons of which ordinary matter is composed.
1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Nucl. Energy 521/1 The antineutrino..accompanies electron emission, whereas the neutrino is associated with positron emission.
1989 A. Guth & P. Steinhardt in P. Davies New Physics iii. 40/2 Nuclear particles of matter are baryons, while those of antimatter are antibaryons.
2012 J. E. Baggott Higgs ix. 177 A W+ particle which decays into an anti-lepton (such as a positron) and its corresponding neutrino.
(b) Forming adjectives and nouns denoting antiquarks of particular flavours (flavour n. 5), as anticharm, antidown, antistrange, antiup, etc. See antiquark n.
ΚΠ
1972 M. Gell-Mann in Acta Physica Austriaca Suppl. 9 739 The φ is composed of strange and antistrange quarks whereas ρ and π have only ordinary up and down quarks.
1979 Nucl. Physics B. 149 498 It may be harder to create extra up quarks than extra down quarks, and hence anti-up quarks than anti-down quarks.
1995 Sci. Amer. May 79 The Higgs, if it is not too massive, is expected to decay most of the time into a pair of particles, one a bottom and the other an antibottom.
1997 Sci. Amer. Sept. 41/1 Supersymmetry could allow a gluino (hypothetical partner to a gluon) to decay into a top-antitop pair.
2014 Sci. News 17 May 12/3 [They] are confident that Z(4430) is a single particle made up of four quarks–most likely a charm, anticharm, down and antiup.
(c) Forming the names of atomic nuclei or chemical elements composed of antiparticles, as antideuteron, antihelium, antihydrogen, etc.; (also, in antiatom) denoting an atom composed of antiparticles.In quot. 1898: a type of hypothetical atom which is gravitationally repelled by other atoms.
ΚΠ
1898 A. Schuster in Nature 18 Aug. 367/2 The atom and the anti-atom may enter into chemical combination, because at small distances molecular forces would overpower gravitational repulsion.]
1953 Pop. Mech. Aug. 216/2 An atom of ‘antihydrogen’ would have a positron revolving around a negative proton as the nucleus.
1970 Times 23 Feb. 5/6 Soviet physicists have reported the creation and detection of nuclei of anti-helium.
1996 Daily Tel. 4 Jan. 4/8 An ‘anti-atom’—the element antihydrogen—has been created by scientists, marking the first foray into a world of anti-matter than has long been the domain only of science fiction writers.
2013 Proc. 10th UCLA Symp. Sources & Detection Dark Matter & Dark Energy in Universe 106 Cosmic-ray protons or antiprotons interact with the interstellar medium to produce antideuterons.
2.
a. Prefixed to adjectives, forming adjectives with the sense ‘that is the opposite of ——’, or (less emphatically) ‘that is not at all ——’. (In the latter sense often no more than a hyperbolic alternative to un-.) Hence also forming homographic nouns, meaning either ‘that which is denoted by the adjective’ or ‘a person with the qualities or attitudes denoted by the adjective’. Also rarely forming verbs related to such adjectives: see antipassivize v.In some cases, where the adjective that forms the second element is formed on or may be associated with a particular noun, there may be some admixture of the sense ‘opposed or antagonistic to what is implied by the associated noun’ (cf. sense 3a(a)).
ΚΠ
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 141 That antiprudential maxim..A short life and a merry one.
1805 Ann. Rev. 3 279/2 The most ludicrous superstitions of his countrymen are all espoused by this antisceptical writer.
1833 Amer. Monthly Mag. Aug. 391 The beautiful, sunny, flowery, first of May..is..called, par excellence, chimney-sweepers' day. Oh! ye poetical souls, was ever term to anti-melodious,—so anti-euphonious,—so far removed from poetic musings!
1846 J. D. Morell Hist. & Crit. View Speculative Philos. II. v. 18 The tendency of the Scottish philosophy..was clearly and decidedly anti-sensational.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. v. 141 The conception of consciousness as a purely cognitive form of being..is thoroughly anti-psychological.
1938 Sunday Times 9 Jan. 4/2 How unfunny it is, how non-comic, how anti-droll!
1957 N. Frye Anat. Crit. 91 Ranging from the most explicitly allegorical, consistent with being literature at all..to the most elusive, anti-explicit and anti-allegorical.
1978 Dædalus Summer 15 Slavery is..totally unjust, or to be exact—antijust.
2007 Sunday Times (Nexis) 5 Aug. (News Review section) 5 ‘The nanny state,’ he says with venom... Turkey, by contrast [with Britain], is positively anti-nannyish.
b.
† anti-angular adj. Obsolete
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1826 Aberdeen Jrnl. 11 Oct. 2/5 The new Anti-angular system [of writing], and the Inventor's method of instruction, is essentially distinct from any thing ever yet taught in Aberdeen.
1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians I. xxiv. 193 A bold and prominent anti-angular nose.
anti-aquatic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪəˈkwatɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈkwɑdɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)iəˈkwædɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪəˈkwɑdɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪəˈkwædɪk/
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1808 Literary Panorama Nov. 326 The longings of an animal so completely anti-aquatic as the cat.
1814 R. Southey in Q. Rev. Apr. 67 The people themselves never drink water..which would delight Dr. Lambe and his anti-aquatic disciples.
2009 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 7 Feb. a19 (headline) Anti-aquatic antics of ants.
anti-artistic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɑːˈtɪstɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɑrˈtɪstɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌɑrˈtɪstɪk/
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1840 Musical Mag. 11 Apr. 121 Mr. Russell is..not satisfied with these means for success; he has lately begun others, which are still more anti-artistic and reprehensible.
1947 M. Lowry Let. 6 May (1967) 145 I take it you do not of course mean your own anti-artistic emotion of self-pity.
2009 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 June c2 The competition..elicited from the dancers a great deal of what is anti-artistic, sensationalist and trite about ballet.
anti-calligraphic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkalᵻˈɡrafɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌkæləˈɡræfɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌkæləˈɡræfɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌkæləˈɡræfɪk/
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1824 Lit. Chron. & Weekly Rev. 17 Apr. 251/3 We..have contributed in some degree in enabling our esteemed friend to unravel the mysteries of Dr. Parr's anti-caligraphic scrawl.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. v. 131 Confused and altogether anti-caligraphic.
1960 Speculum 35 309 The soft, anti-calligraphic, almost nebulous treatment, embodying earth-bound, massive, and virile qualities.
anti-cosmetic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkɒzˈmɛtɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌkɑzˈmɛdɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌkɑzˈmɛdɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌkɑzˈmɛdɪk/
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1760 G. Lyttelton Dialogues of Dead iv. 30 Apply his anticosmetic Wash to the painted face of female Vanity.
1830 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 27 483/1 Politics make women old and ugly. Had we, however, been aware of these anti-cosmetic effects of female sympathy..we should still have confidently anticipated amusing and curious gossip.
1995 Washington Post 7 Nov. (Health section) 7 Smoking is ugly. There's no escaping the anti-cosmetic effects of cigarettes.
anti-creative adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkrɪˈeɪtɪv/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikriˈeɪdɪv/
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/ˌænˌtaɪkriˈeɪdɪv/
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/ˌæn(t)əkriˈeɪdɪv/
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1674 Govt. Tongue iii. 20 Tis God only that hath power of annihilation, and we..by an anti-creative power, would unmake him who has made us.
1833 Christian Examiner & Gen. Rev. Mar. 112 Such a habit of mind is decidedly anti-creative, and therefore fatal to success in the higher departments of literary production.
1916 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 43 402 These cravings..are anti-social, anti-creative: they would destroy society and the individual, hence they have to be held under.
2000 S. King On Writing 164 The jackhammer is going to break almost as much stuff as it liberates. It's clumsy, mechanical, anticreative.
anti-divine adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪdᵻˈvʌɪn/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)idəˈvaɪn/
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/ˌænˌtaɪdəˈvaɪn/
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/ˌæn(t)ədəˈvaɪn/
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a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 376 Assemblies of such persons, all in the same way of..thoughtlessness, may be termed anti-divine services.
1873 J. P. Lacroix tr. A. Wuttke Christian Ethics II. 219 In exalting ourselves to God in prayer we at the same time distinguish the divine from the anti-divine, and withdraw ourselves from the latter.
1919 C. Mackenzie Sylvia & Michael iv. 104 A virtue called patriotism that somehow or other I'm perfectly sure must be anti-divine.
2001 C. O'Regan Gnostic Return in Modernity v. 211 Indeed, the teleological graphing justifies rupture of communication of the divine and the emergence of the antidivine.
anti-domestic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪdəˈmɛstɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)idəˈmɛstɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪdəˈmɛstɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)ədəˈmɛstɪk/
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1814 Ld. Byron Let. 19 Sept. (1975) IV. 176 My habits I trust are not very anti-domestic.
1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 923/2 This is plainly anti-domestic, a gypsy method of living.
1999 M. Chapman & G. Hendler Sentimental Men 4 An anti-domestic Adam who escapes the apron-strings of wife and family to seek self-sufficient manhood on the frontier.
antigrammatical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɡrəˈmatᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iɡrəˈmædək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪɡrəˈmædək(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əɡrəˈmædək(ə)l/
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1650 Exercitation conc. Usurped Powers 36 Mr. G. proves himself a barbarous dealer with the covenant, in that he will have it, either to admit of his anti-grammaticall sense, or to be a Barbarian to him.
1710 R. Bentley Present State Trinity Coll. 92 Can there be any question of this, or that he is not literally and grammatically Forsworn, in making this antigrammatical Interpretation?
1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 11 291 The language of the law is at times anti-grammatical.
1911 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 32 482 It is this antigrammatical perverseness that makes it hard for me to follow up his other perversenesses.
2011 J. L. Martin Explan. Social Action ix. 329 We deal gracefully with subtler and harder to formalize types of regularity [in language], some of which are nongrammatical or antigrammatical.
antilogical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
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1657 M. Nedham Great Accuser cast Down 27 Those sophisticated Suppositions, and those illogical, antilogical Rodomontadoes and hard words.
1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. vi. 360 There is no great Reason to fear that so Anti-logical a Principle, as that of the Positivity of Truth, will ever come to be the Doctrin of any intire School or University.
1814 S. T. Coleridge Marginalia (1998) IV. 172 Makes for produces, a Gallo-barbarism not less anti-logical than anti-Anglican.
1900 J. Jastrow Fact & Fable in Psychol. 167 The strongly rooted, anti-logical tendencies of our nature..come to the surface in various and unexpected ways.
1997 K. Conboy et al. Writing on Body 10 Woman's sexuality can be translated into a language which might seem to operate in a nonlinear, antilogical way.
anti-medieval adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmɛd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/
,
/ˌantɪmiːd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/
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/ˌantɪmᵻˈdiːvl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmid(i)ˈiv(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)iməˈdiv(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌmid(i)ˈiv(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪməˈdiv(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌmid(i)ˈiv(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əməˈdiv(ə)l/
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1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. xiii. 249 The Baconian state of mind is decidedly anti-mediæval.
1948 L. Spitzer Linguistics & Lit. Hist. i. 36 Rabelais' facetious etymology Beauce = ‘[je trouve] beau ce’, and his repetition of words..are scholastic devices—only that they are used by him in an antimedieval manner.
1995 Theory & Society 24 472 To be modern signified to be anti-medieval.
anti-metrical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɛtrᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɛtrək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɛtrək(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɛtrək(ə)l/
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1656 T. Blount Glossographia Antimetrical, contrary or against the rule or order of Metre or Verse.
1725 M. Davys Wks. I. 276 So vex'd to see each Fool catch Fortune's Ball, That what he writes is Antimetrical.
1827 Q. Rev. 36 506 According to Mr. Thoms's anti-metrical translation, ‘he lazily lifted the golden goblet to taste its contents’.
1965 Perspectives New Music 3 145 An anti-metrical schema emerges much of the time through miniscule beat divisions and microagogics.
1991 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 111 247/2 These effects are amplified by the anti-metrical and lapidary rhythm of the five consecutive long syllables.
anti-modern adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɒdn/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɑdərn/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɑdərn/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɑdərn/
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1834 Analyst 1 355 The close of this annual triumph over anti-modern prejudice and the vested interests of ancient art, terminates my critical observations on its merits.
1868 Proc. Amsterdam Conf. Evangelical Alliance 48 We might wish that..there was in general more unity, co-operation, and alliance, among the anti-moderns.
1960 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 June 401/1 Professor Empson is anti-modern. Not a mere revert, of course,..he makes respectful acknowledgment to the views of Blake and Shelley.
2002 M. T. Allen Business of Genocide iii. 104 When antimoderns raised objections, they never actually claimed to be against modernity.
anti-modernist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɒdn̩ɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɑdərnəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɑdərnəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɑdərnəst/
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1859 Weekly Standard (Raleigh, N. Carolina) 24 Aug. Mr. Smith, ante-diluvian and anti-modernist as he is, very clearly perceives that there are such things as Railroads.
1882 Building News 26 May 649/2 We English do all so much like to dress our adversaries—supposing, for the sake of argument, your writer so considers the innocent anti-modernists—in garbs of our own making.
1940 Scrutiny 9 123 The most anti-modernist in bias will hardly be able to feel that the changes that produced toleration..were mere loss and decay.
1993 Sunday Tel. 14 Mar. ii. p. xiv/8 Legions of subsequent practitioners..are indebted to Matisse, demonstrating that pro-Matissian anti-Modernists cannot have it both ways.
anti-moral adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɒrəl/
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/ˌantɪˈmɒrl̩/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɔrəl/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɔrəl/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɔrəl/
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1655 C. Fowler (title) Dæmonium meridianum. Satan at noon. Or, antichristian blasphemies, anti-scripturall divelismes, anti-morall uncleanness, evidenced in the light of truth, and punished by the hand of justice.
1765 St. James's Chron. 11 June During this Summer and anti-moral Expedition of the Stage, Mr. Baldwin, you shall receive occasionally Strictures on the Scenic Culprit.
1811 W. Taylor Let. 2 Feb. in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) II. 344 Calling their [sc. methodists'] opinions anti-moral.
1908 J. A. Cramb Lucius Scarfield 279 Released from the..categories of the unmoral and the anti-moral alike, a force in her stronger than the suns throbbed in pursuit of an end mightier than beauty.
1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot ii. x. 230 The Japanese forms of libertinage are not anti-moral but amoral.
2006 W. Brown Regulating Aversion (2008) ii. 40 Politics..becomes amoral or anti-moral to degrees never dreamed of by Machiavelli.
anti-naturalistic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪnatʃ(ə)rəˈlɪstɪk/
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/ˌantɪnatʃ(ə)rl̩ˈɪstɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌnætʃ(ə)rəˈlɪstɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌnætʃ(ə)rəˈlɪstɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌnætʃ(ə)rəˈlɪstɪk/
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1847 Theologian & Eccl. 7 211 We are most sensible..of the value of Mrs. Jameson's adherence to the anti-naturalistic school of criticism.
1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xvi. 422 The mystic range of consciousness..is anti-naturalistic.
2001 H. Gilbert Postcolonial Plays 27/2 The consciously anti-naturalistic style of Taylor's text reflects the instability of any concept of truth.
anti-patriotic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪpatrɪˈɒtɪk/
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/ˌantɪpeɪtrɪˈɒtɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌpeɪtriˈɑdɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌpeɪtriˈɑdɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌpeɪtriˈɑdɪk/
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1769 Independent Chron. 23–5 Oct. The most dastardly, underhand, anti-patriotic dealings.
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 4 These antipatriotic prejudices.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 3 Jan. 8/1 To have made the suggestion would have appeared to be guilty of a frightful anti-patriotic heresy.
2007 New Yorker 8 Jan. 78/3 Jianli bites off his tongue, and leaves behind an anti-patriotic chorus of lamentation.
anti-portable adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpɔːtəbl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpɔrdəb(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈpɔrdəb(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈpɔrdəb(ə)l/
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1819 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) III. 475 The very ideal of an Anti-portable volume.
1877 C. T. Kingzett Hist. Alkali Trade xii. 183 The objection to it, lies in its anti-portable nature.
2008 J. Plotz Portable Prop. iv. 93 An inherently antiportable form of locodescriptive fiction could well have flourished in England..as regionalist, or ‘local color’, writing flourished in America.
anti-positivist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpɒzᵻtᵻvɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpɑzədəvəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈpɑzədəvəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈpɑzədəvəst/
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1866 I. G. Smith in Church & World x. 265 Men like Arnold and Coleridge, who, whatever else they were, were certainly anti-positivist.
1867 A. Leighton Romances of Old Town 227 David [Hume]..the first and best of the anti-Positivists, because he was a true Pyrrhonean.
1989 Jrnl. Musicol. 7 272 Ringer..forcefully argued for the need for comparativist and anti-positivist approaches in ethnomusicology.
anti-progressist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈprəʊɡrəsɪst/
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/ˌantɪˈprɒɡrəsɪst/
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/ˌantɪprəˈɡrɛsɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈprɑɡrəsəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈprɑɡrəsəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈprɑɡrəsəst/
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1846 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 1 Dec. We have..exact accounts of its [sc. Verona's] dramatic citizens, Romeo and Juliet, or of that faithful inhabitant, its anti-progressist ‘Old Man’.
1847 J. Freeborn Let. 5 July in Corr. Affairs Italy Pt. I: 1846–7 61 in Parl. Papers (1849) LVII. 29 Violent measures will be adopted by the malcontents, which may fall heavily upon the Cardinals, Jesuits, and anti-Progressists.
1898 Daily News 8 Oct. 5/2 There is no reason for believing the Empress to have anti-progressist tendencies, but she will undoubtedly proceed in the path of reform more slowly than her nephew attempted to do.
1982 E. A. Chesney Countervoy. Rabelais & Ariosto 6 [This study] relates them..to the period's antiprogressist, antirationalistic movement which Hiram Haydn calls the ‘Counter-Renaissance’.
anti-progressive adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪprəˈɡrɛsɪv/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iprəˈɡrɛsɪv/
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/ˌænˌtaɪprəˈɡrɛsɪv/
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/ˌæn(t)əprəˈɡrɛsɪv/
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1831 Manch. Times & Gaz. 2 Apr. 518/1 Persons whose policy, we judge, from the manner in which it is disclaimed against the revolutionary journals, will be pacific and anti-progressive.
1842 Boston Investigator 15 June Dr. Beecher has been an excellent soldier in the army of the anti-progressives.
1904 G. B. Shaw Common Sense Munic. Trading i. 8 The columns of the Progressive papers, the protests against ‘municipal indebtedness’ in the Anti-Progressive papers.
1990 A. Kernan Death of Lit. iii. 70 The most popular subjects of criticism..are still those that demonstrate how meaningless, or paradoxically, how wicked and antiprogressive, the old literature has been.
anti-regulatory adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrɛɡjᵿlət(ə)ri/
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/ˌantɪrɛɡjᵿˈleɪt(ə)ri/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrɛɡjələˌtɔri/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈrɛɡjələˌtɔri/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈrɛɡjələˌtɔri/
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1939 Columbia Law Rev. 39 420 Had he had his way, the contract clause would have become as broad in its anti-regulatory function as the due process clause later became.
1978 Washington Post 15 Nov. a16/1 There was an anti-regulatory mood in Congress and the administration's bill was not assured of a warm reception.
1991 Issues in Sci. & Technol. Winter 86/3 The antiregulatory ‘don't tread on me’ philosophy of those who decry mandatory seat belt laws..as interference with personal choice.
anti-snobbish adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsnɒbɪʃ/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsnɑbɪʃ/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈsnɑbɪʃ/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈsnɑbɪʃ/
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1854 Church Rev. July 329 The severe taste, the quiet dignity, the anti-snobbish plainness and unpretendingness of this paper.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 293 Stiffen ourselves as we will by appealing to anti-snobbish first principles, we cannot escape an emotion..of respect and dread.
2006 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 19 June 34 He's passionate, erudite, amusing, unpretentious, anti-snobbish, a true gentleman and the ultimate professional.
anti-warlike adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈwɔːlʌɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈwɔrˌlaɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈwɔrˌlaɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈwɔrˌlaɪk/
ΚΠ
1806 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1805 4 ix. 581/2 The anti-warlike revolutionists of France.
1917 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 527 How can a President and Cabinet..elected or appointed almost for their anti-warlike qualities, change themselves into the opposite of their former selves?
1957 Financial Times 7 Jan. (Belgium & Congo Suppl.) 3/2 M. Robert Schuman's scheme, originally based on establishing a real anti-warlike community between France and Germany, caught Belgium in one of her weaker spots.
3. Formations in which anti- stands in prepositional relation to a noun, either actual or implied, meaning ‘against’ (in various senses). Cf. pro- prefix1 2b.This is now overwhelmingly the prevalent use of the prefix, and is often present to some extent in other senses; formations with anti- in this sense are virtually unlimited in number, and only a representative selection of the possible types of combination is illustrated at this entry; many of the more common examples are treated as separate main entries.
a. Forming adjectives (mainly, but not exclusively used attributively) with the sense ‘opposed, hostile, antagonistic to, or directed against (what is denoted or effectively implied by the second element)’. In many cases also forming homographic nouns, with either of two main senses: (a) (as a count noun) ‘a person opposed or antagonistic to what is denoted or implied by the second element’ (cf. sense 3b(a)(iii)); (b) (less commonly, as a mass noun) ‘opposition or antagonism to what is denoted or implied by the second element’ (cf. sense 3c).
(a)
(i) Prefixed to an adjective formed from a common noun by suffixation, to a suffixed adjective corresponding to such a noun, or to a (usually suffixed) adjective associated more indirectly with a noun (e.g. ecclesiastical, being associated with church on semantic grounds). Also sometimes combined ad hoc with a word or stem together with a suffix to form an adjective in the same sense, even when the suffixed form is already established.See also sense 3b(a) for some similar uses where use as a corresponding noun is attested earlier than an adjectival use.In some cases the effect of the prefix is as much that of reversal of the sense of the adjective (cf. sense 2) as of opposition or antagonism to the implied or associated noun.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately.
ΚΠ
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα 279 That Anti-infantall Christ which they [sc. Anabaptists] say is so predominant in them.
1806 Monthly Rev. Nov. 252 The extracts..exhibit a great verbal coincidence with the text of the Codex Vaticanus, (which contains more of the anti-hexaplarian readings than our Codex Alexandrinus).
1828 L. Hunt Ld. Byron & Some Contemp. 46 Sandys..is any thing but an anti-bridal poet.
1831 T. Carlyle Let. 7 July in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1976) V. 298 My Mission in London is Anti-gigmanic from heart to skin.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 June 9 Mr. Mansfield, who has always been anti-street-musical, sentenced them to pay a fine of 40s.
1881 R. C. Praed Policy & Passion I. xiv. 303 The wives of the Anti-Railwayist Faction were decorously triumphant.
1887 H. T. Finck Romantic Love & Pers. Beauty I. 173 The old Church Fathers..were not only unæsthetic but positively anti-æsthetic. Everything pleasing to the senses was denounced by them.
1945 K. R. Popper Open Society I. v. 57 Biological naturalism has been used to defend equalitarianism as well as the anti-equalitarian doctrine of the rule of the strong.
2003 L. M. E. Goodlad Victorian Lit. & Victorian State i. 29 The anti-laissez-faire-ist notion that progress will be retarded so long as societies ‘slumber, and leave things to themselves’.
(ii)
anti-alcoholic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪalkəˈhɒlɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌælkəˈhɔlɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)iˌælkəˈhɑlɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌælkəˈhɔlɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌælkəˈhɑlɪk/
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1838 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 543/1 Mr. James presents himself as a solid specimen of tee-totalism—an embodied representative of the anti-alcoholic γενεά μερόπων ανθρώπων.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 6 Sept. 7/1 Public opinion must be educated by private agencies up to the standard of anti-alcoholic morality that is aimed at.
2011 N. Green Bombay Islam 1 For all his defence of the anti-alcoholic norms of sharīʿa, the saint in question was himself something of an oddity.
anti-aristocratic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˌarɪstəˈkratɪk/
,
/ˌantɪəˌrɪstəˈkratɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˌrɪstəˈkrædɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪəˌrɪstəˈkrædɪk/
Quot. 1791 shows an earlier use of anti-aristocratical in the same sense; cf. aristocratical adj.
ΚΠ
1791 T. Jefferson Let. 8 May in Papers (1982) XX. 292 I certainly never made a secret of my being anti-monarchical, and anti-aristocratical.]
1792 Hist. Sketch French Revol. i. 233 A people who..received the name even in some very Anti-Aristocratic newspapers, of the Cannibals of Paris.
1857 Nat. Rev. 5 432 Their tendency is rather anti-aristocratic than in favour of simple real liberty.
2009 New Yorker 19 Oct. 97/1 For those who have followed Gilbert's career, neither his anti-aristocratic stance nor his lively intellect comes as a surprise.
anti-astronomical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪastrəˈnɒmᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌæstrəˈnɑmək(ə)l/
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1747 G. Costard in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 44 484 Observations..burned by this anti-astronomical Prince.
1883 Atchison (Kansas) Globe 11 May Parson Jasper..hangs to the doctrine that the ‘sun do move’, and wants an anti-astronomical plank in the platform.
1934 Classical Rev. 48 174/2 The author takes Diopeithes' anti-astronomical decree more seriously than I would.
† anti-biblic adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1807 S. T. Coleridge Notebks. (1962) II. §3020 Something shocking in the wanton anti-biblic opinion that there were many & various original Pairs of the human Being.
1902 M. Fluegel Philos., Qabbala & Vedānta 120 Such Hellenic allusions are to be found by the scores in the Talmud, and usually rejected as anti-biblic by the disputants.
anti-carnivorous adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkɑːˈnɪv(ə)rəs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌkɑrˈnɪv(ə)rəs/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌkɑrˈnɪv(ə)rəs/
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1808 Monthly Mirror Sept. 163 The advertisement which our anti-carnivorous bibliopolist published in consequence of the dispute.
1828 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 38 556 Vegetable Cookery, adapted to their anti-carnivorous principles.
1905 Punch 15 Mar. 181/3 To meet the wishes of anti-carnivorous clients a vegetarian restaurant has been added to the establishment.
2009 Roanoke (Va.) Times (Nexis) 29 Mar. 5 If you disagree with their anti-carnivorous agenda, they slap you with a perjorative [sic] label that isn't fit to print in a newspaper.
anti-covenanting adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkʌvn̩əntɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkəvənən(t)ɪŋ/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈkəvənən(t)ɪŋ/
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1647 ‘Philanactodemus’ Quære's 6 Was your Majesties request to your Parliament for the sending you so many Anticovenanting Priests either reasonable or seasonable?
1727 Rev. of Paper written against our Sacred National Covenants 20 Let us hear on what Grounds our anticovenanting Author proceeds.
1905 Sc. Hist. Rev. 2 308 Every argument has an anti-covenanting twist which we may fear may rob it of much of its true value.
2003 D. G. Mullan Women's Life Writing Early Mod. Scotl. vii. 358 His father John was involved in anti-covenanting actions under Charles II.
anti-decadent adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdɛkəd(ə)nt/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdɛkəd(ə)nt/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈdɛkəd(ə)nt/
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1893 Boston Sunday Globe 19 Mar. 17/3 The Visionists are..anti-decadent in every fibre, but ‘decadent’ and impressionistic by sympathy to the last degree.
1928 ‘E. T. Raymond’ Portraits New Cent. 38 The Decadents held that art must have no object. The Anti-Decadents held, on the other hand, that art is nothing without an object.
2005 Financial Times 6 Dec. 22 Starling's message seems anti-decadent, almost puritanical.
anti-dogmatic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪdɒɡˈmatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌdɔɡˈmædɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌdɑɡˈmædɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌdɔɡˈmædɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌdɑɡˈmædɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌdɔɡˈmædɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌdɑɡˈmædɪk/
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1818 Ann. Reg. 1817 Gen. Hist. 118/1 Anti-dogmatic, tending to schism and to religious toleration, and pernicious to the State.
1940 Mind 49 423 Progressive, anti-dogmatic science is critical—criticism is its very life.
2006 Time Out N.Y. 5 Jan. 12/2 Our outlook on life is antidogmatic.
anti-dogmatical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪdɒɡˈmatᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌdɔɡˈmædək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌdɑɡˈmædək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌdɔɡˈmædək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌdɑɡˈmædək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌdɔɡˈmædək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌdɑɡˈmædək(ə)l/
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1846 J. D. Morell Hist. & Crit. View Speculative Philos. I. iii. 255 Simon Foucher..revived the spirit of the new academy, and with its anti-dogmatical principles, firmly opposed the views of Descartes and Malebranche.
1946 Monumenta Serica 11 167 The book..is an eye-witness account of the Taiping uprising, in which Wang's attitude appears to be clearly anti-dogmatical.
2001 Transl. & Lit. 10 112 Dryden interposes the anti-dogmatical disclaimer ‘generally speaking’.
anti-dynastic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪdᵻˈnastɪk/
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/ˌantɪdʌɪˈnastɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌdaɪˈnæstɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)idəˈnæstɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌdaɪˈnæstɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪdəˈnæstɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌdaɪˈnæstɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)ədəˈnæstɪk/
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1835 Morning Chron. 23 Feb. 2/4 Philippe must come to a decision, either to submit to be a constitutional Monarch, or to see the hitherto constitutional opposition commence an anti-dynastic struggle.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 14 July 7/1 The rebellion in Kwangsi province is becoming a dangerous anti-dynastic movement.
2011 Times (Nexis) 1 Mar. 19 Anti-dynastic feeling has played a critical part in the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya.
anti-ecclesiastic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻkliːzɪˈastɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˌkliziˈæstɪk/
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1683 E. Hooker in J. Pordage Theologia Mystica Pref. Epist. 18 Is it not..an Anti-Ecclesiastic, Anti-Fanatic..Age?
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica iii. iv. 507 Theodoret confidently expresses himself concerning no less a Man than Arius, (to this day admired by some Anti-Ecclesiastiques).
1855 Christian Observer Mar. 208 We often hear with pain, of the anti-ecclesiastic spirit and unevangelical tone which pervades some of the addresses of our Dissenting brethren.
1918 Q. Rev. Apr. 344 Neither the ecclesiastic nor the anti-ecclesiastic has been able to write honest history.
1944 Ethics 54 306/1 Anti-ecclesiastic and anti-clerical journalism flourished as never before.
2003 M. Starbird Feminine Face of Christianity 77/2 Heretics who were deemed anti-clerical and anti-ecclesiastic, and who disdained the sacraments and liturgies of the Roman tradition.
anti-ecclesiastical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻkliːzɪˈastᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iᵻˌkliziˈæstək(ə)l/
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1715 tr. U. Cerri Acct. State Roman-Catholick Relig. 21 A Treatise entitl'd, The Malignity of Lay-Riches: Or, The Diabolical, and Anti-Ecclesiastical Nature of Trade, and Commerce.
1828 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 37 217 This anti-ecclesiastical partisan.
1993 B. Wilson in J. McManners Oxf. Hist. Christianity xvii. 602 The impulses and implications of Charismatic Renewal were largely anti-structural and anti-ecclesiastical.
anti-educational adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɛdjᵿˈkeɪʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌantɪɛdʒᵿˈkeɪʃn̩(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃən(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)iˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃn(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃən(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃn(ə)l/
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1825 Monthly Mag. Dec. 445/2 We recommend this sensible little pamphlet to the serious attention of those anti-educational alarmists.
1905 O. Jespersen Growth & Struct. Eng. Lang. x. 246 That pseudo-historical and anti-educational abomination, the English spelling.
2004 L. Clarke Time of Therapeutic Communities i. 33 The definitive expression of anti-educational rage was a 1968 film called If.
anti-elitist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻˈliːtɪst/
,
/ˌantɪeɪˈliːtɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈlidəst/
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/ˌæn(t)iˌeɪˈlidəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)iiˈlidəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪəˈlidəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌeɪˈlidəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪiˈlidəst/
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1954 S. Lipset in M. Berger et al. Freedom & Control in Mod. Society 117 The more a given group holds a democratic, anti-elitist value system, the more difficult it should be institutionalize oligarchy.
1971 Times 7 Oct. 14/8 The spectacle of Mr Benn as an anti-elitist and as the prototype of the common man has a certain humour about it.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Dec. 31/1 His own sympathies lead him to deal with Steinbeck's flaws defensively, adopting an unattractive anti-elitist tone.
anti-episcopal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻˈpɪskəpl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈpɪskəp(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)iiˈpɪskəp(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪəˈpɪskəp(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪiˈpɪskəp(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1629 A. Leighton Appeal to Parl. 74 The Anti-episcopall government..which by word and writ he had maintained.
1734 J. Richardson & J. Richardson Explanatory Notes Paradise Lost p. xlvi He [sc. Milton] was Always very Anti-Episcopal, and no Lover of Our Establish'd Church.
1837 Confessions of French Catholic Priest 201 There are..the party of episcopals and that of anti-episcopals; the former is composed of the friends of the bishops,..the latter of free-thinkers and independents.
1876 Methodist Q. Rev. July 577 The second are the anti-episcopals, who untruly imagine that the Fathers sustain prelacy.
1909 B. Ward in Dublin Rev. Jan. 65 The Cisalpine party went to great lengths in their anti-episcopal—and even anti-Papal—declamations.
2000 Church Times 4 Feb. 14/2 English republicanism..was militantly hostile to the Church on the grounds of ecclesiastical polity (it was anti-episcopal).
anti-feudal adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfjuːdl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfjud(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈfjud(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈfjud(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1820 New Times 18 Dec. The anti-feudal, or ultra-republican spirit of the Southern States in the American Union.
1844 R. W. Emerson in Dial Apr. 491 The uprise and culmination of the new and anti-feudal power of Commerce.
1956 J. H. Kautsky Moscow & Communist Party of India ii. 31 The difference between the Maoist and neo-Maoist anti-imperialist and anti-feudal strategy..is made strikingly clear.
2006 Asian Theatre Jrnl. 23 76 He sometimes argued that kabuki plays did indeed have meaning—but the meaning was democratic and anti-feudal.
anti-formal adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfɔːml/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfɔrm(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈfɔrm(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈfɔrm(ə)l/
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1841 Brit. Critic Oct. 427 The Scriptural argument for the unformal and antiformal character of the Christian Dispensation, is one of those which prove too much.
1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! v. iv. 316 While romanticism is not specifically anti-formal it is specifically anti-symphonic.
2004 D. R. Como Blown by Spirit 454 The ultimate manifestation of the anti-formal tendency, in which all outward religious observances, duties, and means of worship melted away.
anti-governmental adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɡʌvnˈmɛntl/
,
/ˌantɪɡʌvəˈmɛntl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɡəvər(n)ˈmɛn(t)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌɡəvər(n)ˈmɛn(t)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌɡəvər(n)ˈmɛn(t)l/
ΚΠ
1788 W. Gordon Hist. Independence U.S.A. I. iv. 308 The plans of the Massachusetts anti-governmental party suffered no derangement.
1885 Time Sept. 260 All these sectarian religions..have more or less strongly marked oppositionist and anti-governmental tendencies.
1993 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 1: Former U.S.S.R. (B.B.C.) 26 May SU/1698/B The armed struggle between pro- and anti-governmental forces was at its peak.
anti-hierarchical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪhʌɪ(ə)ˈrɑːkᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌhaɪ(ə)ˈrɑrkək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌhaɪ(ə)ˈrɑrkək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhaɪ(ə)ˈrɑrkək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1609 C. Bagshaw Let. 4 Aug. in M. C. Questier Newslett. Archpresbyterate G. Birkhead (1998) 48 Many conceyve smalle hope from an Antihierarchicall Archpriest of any good.
a1704 T. Brown Dial. Dead in Wks. (1711) IV. 70 Because they held Antimonarchical and Antihierarchical Doctrines.
1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. vi. vi. 265 The popular, anti-hierarchical spirit of the day.
1970 Economist 10 Oct. 18/2 An anti-hierarchical trend which began five years ago with the nominal abolition of all ranks in the army.
2011 C. D. Hemphill Siblings iv. 89 Sibling relations provided an anti-hierarchical model for human relations in the immediate aftermath of the [American] Revolution.
anti-historical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪhɪˈstɒrᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ihɪˈstɔrək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪhɪˈstɔrək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əhɪˈstɔrək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1773 D. Hume Let. 10 Apr. (1932) II. 280 I hear he is employd by the Booksellers to continue my History: But in my Opinion, of all men of Parts, he has the most anti-historical Head in the Universe.
1847 J. D. Nourse Remarks on Past i. 11 Here I beg leave to enter my protest against what may be called the un-historical or anti-historical philosophy so fashionable at the present day.
1937 J. Orr tr. I. Iordan Introd. Romance Linguistics iv. 336 The Dutch scholar, C. de Boer..whose approach..is so definitely anti-historical.
2008 Saving a Cent. (Victorian Soc.) 29 In the anti-historical climate of the 1960s, it [sc. Brunel's train shed in Bristol] could well have been destroyed.
anti-historicist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪhɪˈstɒrᵻsɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ihɪˈstɔrəsəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪhɪˈstɔrəsəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əhɪˈstɔrəsəst/
ΚΠ
1910 Christian Faith & Life Oct. 164/1 The whole anti-historicist criticism, the criticism which denies the thorough historicity of the Scriptures.
1926 F. P. Ramsay Virgin Birth iv. 71 The anti-historicist may value the Scripture very highly..but he does not believe in its historicity.
2001 C. Fiell & P. Fiell Design of 20th Cent. 77 While his approach to architecture and design was much influenced by the British Arts & Crafts Movement, Hoffmann's work was strongly anti-historicist.
anti-homosexual adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪhəʊmə(ʊ)ˈsɛkʃʊ(ə)l/
,
/ˌantɪhɒmə(ʊ)ˈsɛkʃʊ(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
ΚΠ
1934 Chester (Pa.) Times 27 Dec. 12/7 There were 300 arrests early in the month in connection with an Anti-Homosexual drive.
1960 G. Westwood Minority iv. 55 Cults based on Eastern mysticism or the great Oriental religions which do not share the anti-homosexual attitude of Judeo‐Christian traditions.
1992 New Republic 8 June 30/1 The National Conservative Political Action Committee..raised direct-mail funds by generating anti-homosexual hysteria.
2009 I. Thomson Dead Yard iii. 45 The island's anti-homosexual laws..have percolated down to the poor, who are easily manipulated by holy-roller Churches.
anti-ideological adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˌʌɪdɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
/ˌantɪˌɪdɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɪdiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌaɪdiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1935 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 29 356 Questions as to how the law operates as a motivating force..are alien to a ‘Pure Jurisprudence’; ‘Pure Jurisprudence’ has an anti-ideological tendency.
1959 Encounter Sept. 57/2 The basic political drift..has been anti-ideological—that is to say, sceptical of the old rationalist claims.
2010 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 25 Feb. 27/2 All in all, it is a highly nuanced, anti-ideological approach, it is philosophy for adults in an uncertain world.
anti-idolatrous adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪʌɪˈdɒlətrəs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌaɪˈdɑlətrəs/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌaɪˈdɑlətrəs/
ΚΠ
1710 tr. P. Bayle Hist. & Crit. Dict. IV. 2586/2 I have sometimes admired Derodon's zeal, a Protestant, Anti-Papist, and Anti-idolatrous [Fr. anti-idolâtre] zeal.
1831 W. H. Mill Christa Sangítá Pref. 38 Its anti-idolatrous tendency.
1989 Vigiliae Christianae 43 254 The same Pauline text Augustine often invoked in the context of his anti-idolatrous polemics.
anti-infallibilist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪɪnˈfalᵻbl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iᵻnˈfæləbələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪᵻnˈfæləbələst/
ΚΠ
1870 Standard 4 Jan. 4/5 Cardinal Schwartzenberg and Bishop Dupanloup, the two leaders of the anti-infallibilist forces.
1870 Standard 4 Jan. 5/5 If time gained be everything, the anti-infallibilists have reason to be in those high spirits they at present so unreservedly display.
1954 G. G. Windell Catholics & German Unity vii. 205 Of further concern was the possibility that Bismarck himself might intervene in the contest on the side of the German anti-infallibilists.
2008 F. Oakley Conciliarist Trad. (new ed.) v. 205 Hefele..was to emerge at Vatican I as a prominent member of the anti-infallibilist minority.
anti-liberal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlɪb(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌantɪˈlɪb(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlɪb(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈlɪb(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈlɪb(ə)rəl/
ΚΠ
1815 Times 26 Jan. 3/3 The Anti-liberal Party..was composed of the Deputies from Catalonia.
1822 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. June 573/2 We loathe the Bulls, the Chronicles, the Liberals and Anti-Liberals of the day.
1842 T. P. Thompson Exercises VI. 418 The danger of anti-liberal opinions on commerce.
1937 A. Koestler Spanish Test. v. 101 The clergy in Spain has always pursued a strictly anti-liberal and anti-Republican policy.
1996 B. Connolly Rotten Heart of Europe (ed. 2) iii. 65 Here, perhaps, lies part of the attraction of fixed exchange rates to..Christian Democrats, corporatists and anti-liberals of all persuasions.
2007 E. B. Holifield God's Ambasssadors v. 170 The fundamentalists constituted only one segment of the anti-liberal Protestants.
anti-liturgical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪlᵻˈtəːdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iləˈtərdʒək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪləˈtərdʒək(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)ələˈtərdʒək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα 90 Antiliturgicall Preachers.
1797 Monthly Rev. 22 316 Some antiliturgical ministers made a scruple of reciting, at one and the same time, the whole of the Lord's Prayer.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 31 Oct. 6/2 His mind is anti-liturgical, and he is right, we think, in suggesting that the vain repetitions of the liturgy..are a stumbling-block to the average layman.
1999 M. Boyd J. S. Bach 278 Bach, while expressing a piety akin to that of the Pietists, was unsympathetic to their anti-liturgical stance.
anti-materialistic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmətɪərɪəˈlɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iməˌtɪriəˈlɪstɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪməˌtɪriəˈlɪstɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əməˌtɪriəˈlɪstɪk/
ΚΠ
1849 Bibliotheca Sacra Feb. 27 The anti-materialistic view of the resurrection, which the apostle maintains in verses 35 and following.
1942 A. Koestler in Horizon 5 391 Perhaps the common denominator we are looking for can best be described as an ‘anti-materialistic nostalgia’.
2009 Wire Jan. 48/4 Their [sc. hippy romantics'] anti-materialistic ideal of a pre-industrial utopia frequently sounded like an older world.
anti-mentalist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɛntl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɛn(t)l̩əst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɛn(t)l̩əst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɛn(t)l̩əst/
ΚΠ
1922 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 33 484 Boring's analysis..is designed to substantiate the structuralist's position as over against that of the functional-mentalist, and the behaviorist who is presumed to be anti-mentalist.
1923 A. A. Roback Behaviorism & Psychol. viii. 110 J. R. Kantor, a vociferous behaviorist (certainly an anti-mentalist).
1942 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 63 319 Our anti-mentalists refuse to believe in anything beyond the crude sense data.
2003 J. A. Smith in L. Finlay & B. Gough Reflexivity xiii. 177 Mead was not an anti-mentalist however.
anti-mentalistic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmɛntəˈlɪstɪk/
,
/ˌantɪmɛntlˈɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmɛn(t)lˈɪstɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmɛn(t)lˈɪstɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmɛn(t)lˈɪstɪk/
ΚΠ
a1900 H. Sidgwick Lect. Philos. Kant (1905) 28 It is remarkable how little proof Kant ever offers of the anti-mentalistic element in his doctrine.
1952 Archivum Linguisticum 4 67 It may be doubted whether linguists and logicians, even those free from any anti-mentalistic bias, will be satisfied.
2008 K. Mitchell Intention & Text 13 Wittgenstein's anti-mentalistic characterization of intention as something which just is manifest in behaviour.
anti-metaphysical adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪmɛtəˈfɪzᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmɛdəˈfɪzək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌmɛdəˈfɪzək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmɛdəˈfɪzək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1744 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. 12 Nov. in W. Coxe Mem. Sir R. Walpole (1798) II. 343 Your lordship will find some [letters] addressed to Pope, on metaphysical or rather antimetaphysical matters.
1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances II. cxciii. 42 The Trinity, as explained in this Essay,..has nothing anti-metaphysical in it.
1841 New-Eng. Weekly Rev. 20 Mar. 2/5 Those honest folks prone to talk of the anti-metaphysical tendency of the age.
1935 Mind 44 108 The prevailing positivistic and anti-metaphysical philosophies of science.
1950 Jrnl. Philos. 47 681 It is my thesis that this concept of man is the controlling assumption of all the modern anti-metaphysicals.
2007 D. Albright Musicking Shakespeare i. 41 Mercutio is preeminently pragmatic, anti-metaphysical, even anti-poetical.
anti-military adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɪlᵻt(ə)ri/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɪləˌtɛri/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɪləˌtɛri/
ΚΠ
1764 Question Independency Mil. Officers 22 Anti-military principles had got so much possession of the public, that they were blind to the very just and rational representations of the king.
1850 J. J. Hort Horse Guards 100 For the advocates and friends of the service to successfully combat the anti-military feeling abroad.
1907 Daily Nevada State Jrnl. 15 July 8/4 It is thought..that he added the revolutionary agitation of the general federation of labor and the anti-militaries.
2008 T. Tharp Spectacular Now xxiii. 98 People like that go around acting like if you want peace, then you're some kind of anti-American, anti-military traitor scum.
anti-ministerial adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmɪnᵻˈstɪərɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmɪnəˈstɪriəl/
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/ˌæn(t)iˌmɪnəˈstɛriəl/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌmɪnəˈstɛriəl/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌmɪnəˈstɪriəl/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌmɪnəˈstɛriəl/
ΚΠ
1652 N. Homes Plain Dealing v. 50 These Antimagistratical, and Antiministerial men are like Rats and Mice, that gnaw the timber, and wals, and covering of the house, till it fall on their heads.
1766 D. Hume Let. 27 Feb. (1932) II. 19 Lord Bute spoke on the anti-ministerial side.
1940 B. Miall tr. L. Salvatorelli Conc. Hist. Italy xx. 616 Since there was an anti-ministerial movement even in the Radical party, Giolitti resigned.
2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 13 Feb. 7 The name of our mystery MP?.. And the vehicle for his anti-ministerial polemic?
† anti-neologian adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1833 Christian Observer Apr. 248/1 The well-known anti-neologian and evangelical character of their work renders their testimony the more decisive against the aspersions.
1857 S. P. Tregelles tr. F. H. W. Gesenius Hebrew Lex. Introd. 9 These anti-neologian remarks of mine.
anti-nepotic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪnᵻˈpɒtɪk/
,
/ˌantɪnɛˈpɒtɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)inəˈpɑdɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)iˌnɛˈpɑdɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪnəˈpɑdɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌnɛˈpɑdɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)ənəˈpɑdɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌnɛˈpɑdɪk/
now rare
ΚΠ
1837 S. Smith Let. to Singleton (ed. 2) 23 They will be shamed into a more lofty and antinepotic spirit.
1859 Morning Chron. 19 July 5/1 He is married to a strong-minded female, who goads him to his anti-nepotic crimes in one continued parody on Lady Macbeth.
1946 O. Lang Chinese Family & Society ii. xvi. 192 The author had an opportunity to compare this anti-nepotic trend among the educated youth of prewar China with the attitudes of Chinese students in Hawaii.
anti-ontological adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɒntəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɑn(t)əˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌɑn(t)əˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1865 D. Masson Recent Brit. Philos. ii. 167 Transcendental Natural Realism in Hamilton, announcing itself as anti-ontological, but with strong theological sympathies.
1944 Mind 53 254 The claim of the positivists that their anti-ontological epistemology is not necessarily rudimentary and is, possibly, complete.
2001 Hindu (Nexis) 16 Sept. It is to Nietzsche he owes his anti-metaphysical, anti-ontological stance.
anti-papistical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪpəˈpɪstᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)ipəˈpɪstək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪpəˈpɪstək(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əpəˈpɪstək(ə)l/
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1641 R. Baillie Parallel Compar. Liturgie with Masse-bk. v. 53 Most orthodox and antipapisticall.
a1770 J. Jortin Remarks Milton in Tracts (1790) I. 345 The most anti-papistical Poets are inclined to canonize..their friends.
1851 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 10 Aug. 7/1 The distasteful..topics of papistical aggression and anti-papistical repulsion.
2011 M. Morrissey Politics & Paul's Cross Serm. vi. 185 Paul's Cross merely reiterated its traditional anti-papistical themes more vehemently and more regularly.
anti-patriarchal adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪpeɪtrɪˈɑːkl/
,
/ˌantɪpatrɪˈɑːkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/
ΚΠ
?1800 On Devil Worship 10 These rockey oracles of antipatriarchal learning.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xiii. 205 The elder stood in his shirt-sleeves.., engaged in the anti-patriarchal operation of shaving.
1955 Sewanee Rev. 63 418 Our age of psychology and the anti-patriarchal family.
2021 Hindu 31 Oct. The start-up..StayUncle..is considering a name change to reflect its anti-patriarchal, anti-caste, gender-neutral and inter-faith credo.
antipedagogic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪpɛdəˈɡɒdʒɪk/
,
/ˌantɪpɛdəˈɡɒɡɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌpɛdəˈɡɑdʒɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌpɛdəˈɡɑdʒɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌpɛdəˈɡɑdʒɪk/
ΚΠ
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii, in Fraser's Mag. Feb. 187/2 Teufelsdröckh had..expectorated his antipedagogic spleen.
1969 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 382 32/2 Private schools in Puerto Rico..indulge in the antipedagogic practice of teaching everything in English.
2007 Gastronomica Winter 59/2 The most successful TV shows on food..are spectacular, antidomestic and antipedagogic.
anti-philanthropic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪfɪlənˈθrɒpɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌfɪlənˈθrɑpɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌfɪlənˈθrɑpɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌfɪlənˈθrɑpɪk/
ΚΠ
1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. I. i. 5 One day meeting with a passage Anti-Philanthropic [Fr. un passage anti-philantropique], and full of fanaticism, I threw away my book.
1822 London Mag. Aug. 190/2 [They] have ramifications in their various neighbourhoods, active enough in the promotion of their anti-philanthropic objects.
1923 D. H. Lawrence Ladybird: Fox: Captain's Doll 13 So, her reckless, anti-philanthropic passion could find no outlet.
2006 S. Dubow Commonw. of Knowl. iii. 126 Froude's cast of mind was determinedly anti-philanthropic and unashamedly racist towards Africans.
anti-philosophic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪfɪləˈsɒfɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌfɪləˈsɑfɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌfɪləˈsɑfɪk/
ΚΠ
1684 J. Gadbury Cardines Cœli 28 May Gassendus..be allowed to call the Renowned Cartesius—a Toad swell'd with Pride and malicious Venom; and for his so fulsome, and Anti-Philosophick a Character be esteemed otherwise than Ill-natur'd?
1797 R. Clifford tr. A. Barruel Mem. I. ix. 142 Malesherbes, so far from favoring the antiphilosophic works, had reluctantly been obliged to submit to superior orders.
1818 S. T. Coleridge Chronol. & Hist. Assistant Course Lect. (1949) 72 The scheme..as delivered by Hesiod, is an anti-philosophic Atheism.
1916 I. Husik Hist. Mediaeval Jewish Philos. p. xxxix The anti-philosophic attitude adopted by Judah Halevi and Hasdai Crescas.
2010 S. A. Long Natura Pura iii. 117 This is..an invitation to unmitigated anti-philosophic dogmatism or scientism.
anti-philosophical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪfɪləˈsɒfᵻkl/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌfɪləˈsɑfək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌfɪləˈsɑfək(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌfɪləˈsɑfək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1747 J. Barker Ess. Agreem. Anc. & Mod. Physicians ii. 152 The Ringleader of these Anti-Philosophical Reformers was Themison.
1877 F. H. Laing Ld. Bacon's ‘Philosophy’ Examined vii. 74 Bacon..by his anti-metaphysical, i.e., anti-philosophical efforts, brought the whole study..into thorough disrepute.
2002 New Internationalist May 18/3 Theologian Al-Ashari establishes the anti-philosophical Asharite movement.
anti-prelatic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪprᵻˈlatɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iprəˈlædɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪprəˈlædɪk/
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/ˌæn(t)əprəˈlædɪk/
ΚΠ
1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. Postscript 161 The Rooters, the Antiprelaticke party declaim against me.
a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) 113 The preaching of the Word by honest unconform and anti-prelatic men.
1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. May 146/1 He has a good deal o' anti-prelatic dourness in him; but I see he has some spirit, for a' that.
1925 Studies: Irish Q. Rev. 14 507 Protestant Bishop of Kilmore, Scoutmaster-General, or master of the spies, for the anti-prelatic commonwealth.
2003 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 43 213 Milton's antiprelatic tracts make the usual Puritan equations.
anti-prelatical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪprᵻˈlatᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iprəˈlædək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪprəˈlædək(ə)l/
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/ˌæn(t)əprəˈlædək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xviii. 81 He scoffes at the Antiprelaticall Church, and the Antiprelaticall Divisions.
1702 Three Questions of Importance 24 Grotius, a Man of Renown, and known to be neither Antimonarchical, nor Antiprelatical.
1861 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner xxii. 105 Most of our antipapal and anti-prelatical clergymen do really intone their prayers, without suspecting in the least that they have fallen into such a Romish practice.
2008 J. Kerrigan Archipelagic Eng. ix. 276 If an anti-prelatical poet can praise a Catholic Scot, Marvell implies, why cannot bishops tolerate Presbyterian fellow-Protestants?
anti-puritan adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpjʊərᵻt(ə)n/
,
/ˌantɪˈpjɔːrᵻt(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpjʊrətn/
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/ˌæn(t)iˈpjʊrədən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈpjʊrətn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈpjʊrədən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈpjʊrətn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈpjʊrədən/
ΚΠ
1630 W. Prynne Lame Giles 2 The Anti-puritan Authour was here turn'd puritan, in good earnest.
1630 W. Prynne Lame Giles 4 The Brainlesse All-knee Superstitious Anti-puritan.
1785 T. Warton in J. Milton Poems (new ed.) 501 Dr. Samuel Parker..now an antipuritan in the extreme.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 402 The spirit of the Antipuritan reaction.
1996 P. Collinson in C. Durston & J. Eales Culture Eng. Puritanism i. 39 Christopher Windle penned an anti-puritan diatribe in the form of a Latin commentary on the Book of Sports.
2006 M. Konnert Early Mod. Europe (2008) x. 189 Laud, as we have seen, was a staunch anti-Puritan.
anti-radical adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈradᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrædək(ə)l/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈrædək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈrædək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1819 Authentic Narr. Westm. Election 391 He had stood..as a Radical Reforming Foxite Whig, and not as a moderate or Anti-radical Reforming Tierneyite Whig.
1819 Newcastle Courant 13 Nov. We (so short-sighted are anti-radicals!) should have imagined, that the delectable banquet..would have filled the hearts of these reformers to the brim.
1912 E. H. Bierstadt Aspects of Americanization 150 The anti-radicals, and indeed the radicals themselves, the industrial interests, the political and the religious interests—all these and more will try their turn at making the immigrant serve their private ends.
2001 London Rev. Bks. 22 Feb. 25/2 A fateful convergence of international turmoil, economic anxiety, anti-radical hysteria and, yes, garden-variety anti-semitism.
anti-reforming adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈfɔːmɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈfɔrmɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈfɔrmɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈfɔrmɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈfɔrmɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈfɔrmɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈfɔrmɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1687 G. Smalridge Animadversions Eight Theses 60 Neither were the Anti-reforming Bps. unjustly depos'd, nor the Reformers unjustly introduc'd.
1790 Eng. Rev. Apr. 251 The immense establishments which have been formed upon the old plan give a weight and influence to the members of these establishments which they throw into the anti-reforming scale.
1828 T. De Quincey in Edinb. Sat. Post 9 Feb. 316/3 Enormous concession on the side of the Canning (or anti-reforming) party.
1904 D. D. Addison Episcopalians iv. 86 The famous six articles put forth in 1539, which marked a triumph of the anti-reforming party.
2003 J. Innes in J. Hoppit Parl., Nations & Identities Brit. & Ireland ii. 40 The House of Lords increasingly asserted itself as an anti-reforming force.
anti-religious adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈlɪdʒəs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈlɪdʒəs/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈlɪdʒəs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈlɪdʒəs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈlɪdʒəs/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈlɪdʒəs/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈlɪdʒəs/
ΚΠ
1711 J. Trapp Serm. preach'd at Christ-Church Dublin 10 New, Anti-Religious Sects..such as Quakers, Ranters, Muggletonians, and others of different Shapes.
1831 J. W. Croker in J. Boswell Life Johnson (new ed.) I. 255 Hume's anti-religious principles.
1896 J. C. Hedley Christian Inheritance ii. 19 Religion is either the most extreme folly, or else the anti-religious are the most utterly mistaken of men.
1921 I. C. Clarke Tressider's Sister xxv. 263 The Socialists' propaganda was definitely anti-religious.
1974 J. M. Landau Radical Politics Mod. Turkey v. 179 The anti-religious have been labeling all anti-communists and all believers as reactionary.
2001 UFO Mag. Jan. 49/1 We need someone who is a freethinker without being anti-religious.
anti-revolutionary adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪrɛvəˈluːʃn̩(ə)ri/
,
/ˌantɪrɛvəˈljuːʃn̩(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri/
ΚΠ
1716 P. R. Rom. Catholick Syst. of Allegiance iv. 70 'Tis pretended by the Anti-Revolutionary Gentlemen, That what the Nation acted in the Affair of King James, was all Illegal.
1797 Morning Chron. 6 Feb. If it was once necessary to bring two parties, the Jacobins, and the Anti-revolutionaries to conflict.
1830 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Jan. 258 Anti-revolutionary wars.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 1 July 5/1 The anti-revolutionaries..have declined the proposal for an armistice made by the Russian Consul.
1950 E. H. Carr Bolshevik Revol. I. i. iii. 52 The peasantry remained for the Mensheviks an essentially anti-revolutionary force.
2001 F. Ghitis End of Revol. vii. 235 She shouted..that everyone had a right to speak out in Cuba, as long as they don't say anything anti-revolutionary.
anti-ritualistic adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrɪtʃʊəˈlɪstɪk/
,
/ˌantɪrɪtʃᵿˈlɪstɪk/
,
/ˌantɪrɪtʃlˈɪstɪk/
,
/ˌantɪrɪtjʊəˈlɪstɪk/
,
/ˌantɪrɪtjᵿˈlɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌrɪtʃ(əw)əˈlɪstɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌrɪtʃ(əw)əˈlɪstɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌrɪtʃ(əw)əˈlɪstɪk/
ΚΠ
1857 W. Goode Lawful Church Ornaments 71 The most extreme anti-ritualistic directions of the strictest ultra-protestant period of Edward the Sixth's reign.
1867 Evening Standard 6 Aug. 3 An anti-ritualistic form of worship.
2006 New Republic (Nexis) 5 June 27 A resurgent folk piety..which deviates from Khomeini's puritanical, anti-ritualistic version of Islam.
anti-royal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrɔɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrɔɪ(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈrɔɪ(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈrɔɪ(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 18 The Anti-royal Party in our late Troubles.
1884 Times 15 Sept. 2/4 The Royal property being thus coolly reduced into possession by anti-Royal appropriators.
1960 Encounter 14 19 An anti-royal revolution.
1973 Private Eye 30 Nov. 9/2 All the anti-royals were invited [to] ‘stay and watch the show’.
2004 Asian Surv. 44 632 New Delhi ordered all anti-royal Nepali exiles in India to cease their activities.
anti-sacerdotal adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪsakəˈdəʊtl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsæsərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌsækərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsæsərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsækərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsæsərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsækərˈdoʊd(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1714 R. Laurence Suppl. to 1st & 2nd Pts. Lay-baptism Invalid Pref. p. lxii Those Lay, Anti-Sacerdotal, Anti-Episcopal False Baptisms, which, as a Christian, and a Priest, he ought to detest and abhorr.
1857 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity (ed. 2) IV. ix. viii. 87 A great anti-sacerdotal movement.
1935 Times 29 Aug. 13/6 Dr. G. G. Coulton..spoke on ‘The English Layman’, from the unsacerdotal, not the anti-sacerdotal, point of view.
2011 J. K. Deane Hist. Medieval Heresy & Inquisition i. 48 Their antisacerdotal and antisacramental beliefs sound similar to that of ‘Good Christians’.
anti-scholastic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪskəˈlastɪk/
,
/ˌantɪskɒˈlastɪk/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iskəˈlæstɪk/
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/ˌænˌtaɪskəˈlæstɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əskəˈlæstɪk/
ΚΠ
1821 P. S. Du Ponceau in Jrnl. Jurispr. 1 217 The organization of our judiciary renders it impossible to pursue the anti-scholastic system which England has hitherto followed.
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Notes Theol. & Polit. (1853) 264 Anselm, and the anti-scholastic theologians.
1856 H. F. Brownson tr. J. L. Balmes Fund. Philos. II. iv. ix. 45 In their explanation of the purely intellectual order, metaphysicians, both scholastics and anti-scholastics agree.
1911 Amer. Jrnl. Theol. 15 49 It is just here in its antischolastic intellectualism that the Modernists discover their affinity with Newman.
1999 Ambix 46 125 Fludd's experiments belong firmly to that tradition..common to the classical philosophers, and familiar to both scholastics and anti-scholastics at the turn of the century.
2003 Church Times 10 Oct. 14/1 Although the exhibition consciously is not didactic, it is never anti-scholastic.
anti-sexist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsɛksɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsɛksəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsɛksəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsɛksəst/
ΚΠ
1970 Time 24 Aug. 12 Feminists brandished anti-sexist placards beneath the statue of liberty.
1972 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 29 Nov. (headline) How to cope with antisexists.
1989 Social Work Today 23 Nov. 22/3 The development of anti-oppressive practice teaching, that is anti-sexist, anti-classist and anti-racist.
anti-sexual adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsɛksjʊ(ə)l/
,
/ˌantɪˈsɛkʃʊəl/
,
/ˌantɪˈsɛkʃ(ᵿ)l/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsɛkʃ(əw)əl/
ΚΠ
1842 London Jrnl. Bot. 1 623 Two essays on this subject have already appeared before the botanical world; the first by Schleiden, embodied in his memoir on the ovule of Phanèrogames, in support of his novel anti-sexual theory.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xxiv. 437 What might be called the anti-sexual instinct, the instinct of personal isolation, the actual repulsiveness to us of the idea of intimate contact with most of the persons we meet, especially those of our own sex.
1929 B. Russell Marriage & Morals iv. 34 So far we have been considering pro-sexual elements in religion; anti-sexual elements, however, existed side by side.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 9 Apr. 14/1 By temperament and training puritanical, if not virulently antisexual, O'Connor was drawn to the writings of the eminent French Catholic novelist François Mauriac.
anti-simoniacal adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪsɪməˈnʌɪəkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsɪməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌsaɪməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsɪməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsaɪməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsɪməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsaɪməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1816 New Monthly Mag. Dec. 419/2 He takes advantage of the present ill-judged outcry against tithes, to hold forth his scheme of repealing the anti-simoniacal laws.
1881 Liverpool Mercury 18 Apr. 5/3 The abolition of the misnamed anti-simoniacal declaration and penalties.
1989 C. Morris Papal Monarchy (1991) 597 Gilchrist has..analysed the important anti-simoniacal text, the ‘epistola Widonis’.
anti-stadholderian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪstadhəʊlˈdɪərɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌstædhoʊlˈdɪriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌstædhoʊlˈdɪriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌstædhoʊlˈdɪriən/
[ < anti- prefix + stadholder n. + -ian suffix; compare earlier anti-stadholder adj. and n. at sense 3a(b)(ii)]
ΚΠ
1745 Considerations Conduct of Dutch 38 Who can we blame? not the Anti-Stadtholdrian Party, for they have gone as far with us as they could.
1752 London Evening Post 23 Apr. The former Regents, who are, and always will be, Anti-Stadtholderians.
1988 H. H. Rowen Princes of Orange (1990) xi. 214 Efforts to achieve a reconciliation between the House of Orange and the anti-stadholderian party.
anti-substantialist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪsʌbˈstanʃl̩ɪst/
,
/ˌantɪsʌbˈstɑːnʃl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsəbˈstæn(t)ʃələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsəbˈstæn(t)ʃələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsəbˈstæn(t)ʃələst/
ΚΠ
1882 W. James in Princeton Rev. July 62 Anti-substantialist writers strangely overlook this function in the doctrine of substance.
1950 Jrnl. Metaphysics 3 443 Both substantialists and anti-substantialists think the only chance there is of having a self is the substantial self.
2010 P. Taborsky Logic of Cultures ii. 112 An anti-substantialist Platonist might emphasize the metaphysics of participation over the substantialist ontology of forms as such.
anti-supernaturalist adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪsuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəlɪst/
,
/ˌantɪsjuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəlɪst/
,
/ˌantɪsuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩ɪst/
,
/ˌantɪsjuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rələst/
[compare German antisupernaturalistisch (1792 or earlier)]
ΚΠ
1811 Monthly Mag. Feb. 6/1 The anti-supernaturalist christianity of the professors Eichhorn and Paulus.
1811 Monthly Mag. May 343/1 An unpublished dissertation..which espouses the scheme of the antisupernaturalists, was lately circulated, in Fransham's handwriting.
1972 Isis 63 121/2 Although the new philosophy was antisupernaturalist, it was not anti-religious.
2009 W. J. Wildman Sci. & Relig. Anthropol. v. 89 This significant minority of anti-supernaturalists will have nothing to do with superstitious beliefs.
anti-theological adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪθiːəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌθiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌθiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌθiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1754 W. Warburton View Bolingbroke's Philos.: Lett. 1st & 2nd 30 In this pretended anti-theological conspiracy, Divines employed the other common principle, to support Religion against Atheism and Deism.
1880 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 211/1 What few people are so fanatically antitheological as not to deem a great gain to humanity, the foundation of Christianity.
1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 20 Dec. 776/1 Our civilization acquired its secular, scientific, anti-theological character, its ‘this-worldliness’.
2010 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 Nov. 42/3 He preferred pure mystics,..a family of existential outcasts..whose approach to the Christian faith was antitheological and anti-institutional.
anti-totalitarian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˌtəʊtalᵻˈtɛːrɪən/
,
/ˌantɪtə(ʊ)ˌtalᵻˈtɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)itoʊˌtæləˈtɛriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪtoʊˌtæləˈtɛriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)ətoʊˌtæləˈtɛriən/
ΚΠ
1934 Manch. Guardian 16 July 11/3 We had been the most anti-totalitarian nation in the world.
1939 N. Amer. Rev. Autumn 87 We want to go to war; not in the pride of the totalitarians, nor in the rage of the anti-totalitarians.
1969 Life 4 Apr. 34/1 Yale's Bacchae was no more anti-hippie than anti-totalitarian.
2010 New Yorker 17 May 105/2 These proto-Orwellian words are justly famous, and have often appealed to conservatives and anti-totalitarians.
anti-traditional adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪtrəˈdɪʃn̩(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)itrəˈdɪʃ(ə)nəl/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪtrəˈdɪʃ(ə)nəl/
,
/ˌæn(t)ətrəˈdɪʃ(ə)nəl/
ΚΠ
1829 Foreign Rev. 4 442 The romances, so appalling to the critics of the antitraditional school.
1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! 15 The landmarks of pre-war music, such as Le Sacre du Printemps, Pierrot Lunaire and Debussy's Iberia, are all definitely anti-traditional.
1987 G. Lewis Austral. Movies & Amer. Dream vii. 166 Fred Schepisl's 1986 film, Plenty..featured strong female leads living out anti-traditional roles.
anti-usurious adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪjuːˈzjʊərɪəs/
,
/ˌantɪjuːˈʒʊərɪəs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌjuˈʒʊriəs/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌjuˈʒʊriəs/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌjuˈʒʊriəs/
ΚΠ
1787 J. Bentham Def. Usury vi. 45 (heading) Mischiefs of the anti-usurious Laws.
1845 Morning Post 21 Oct. 10/1 The practice of usury must of necessity have been greatly lessened by the influence of anti-usurious laws.
1994 Times (Nexis) 29 Oct. Anti-capitalist, anti-usurious, anti-Semitic movements like Guild Socialism and Social Credit.
(iii) Prefixed to adjectives derived from or relating to proper names.Used esp. with adjectives of this type which signify a particular viewpoint, belief, party, etc., and with adjectives relating to a particular country, people, etc.
anti-Arian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɛriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɛriən/
ΚΠ
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 629 The Orthodox Anti-Arian Fathers.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Contents sig. f2v/2 So did the Trinity of the First Orthodox Anti-Arians herein agree with the Platonick Trinity.
1738 E. A. Burgis Ann. Church IV. 202 Genseric's persecution had reached all sorts of Anti-arian Christians, and obliged the Manichees..to fly away from Africa.
1905 London Q. Rev. July 122 Ambrose..was an ardent anti-Arian.
2010 S. M. Deliyannis Ravenna Late Antiq. v. 144 St. Eusebius of Vercelli was a notable anti-Arian fourth-century bishop.
anti-Athanasian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪaθəˈneɪʃn/
,
/ˌantɪaθəˈneɪʒn/
,
/ˌantɪaθəˈneɪsɪən/
,
/ˌantɪaθəˈneɪzɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌæθəˈneɪʒən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌæθəˈneɪʒən/
ΚΠ
1691 Dialogue Dr. Sherlock (single sheet) 2/2 Sirrah Oates avoid the Room, I'le have no further Conference with an Anti-Athanasian Doctor.
1761 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. V. 390 Yet, continues that warm anti-athanasian [sc. William Whiston], all this is done in such a way of gross ignorance of primitive christianity, as if [etc.].
1952 Church Hist. 21 375/1 Originally the Macedonians were an ecclesio-political grouping who had rallied around the ousted bishop of Constantinople, clearly more anti-Arian than anti-Athanasian.
2006 C. Lindberg Brief Hist. Christianity iii. 27 Constantine allowed an anti-Nicene coalition to take root in his court and by the end of his reign it had become an anti-Athanasian force.
anti-Caledonian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪkalᵻˈdəʊnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌkæləˈdoʊniən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌkæləˈdoʊniən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌkæləˈdoʊniən/
ΚΠ
1763 Gazetteer & London Daily Advertiser 24 June Most of the Poetical Pieces that have lately been published on the Anti-Caledonian Principle.
1763 London Mag. Aug. 443/2 The Comparison between John Churchill, duke of Marlborough, and Charles Churchill, Anticaledonian.
1823 C. Lamb Imperfect Sympathies in Elia 135 An order of imperfect intellects..essentially anti-Caledonian.
1916 ‘W. N. P. Barbellion’ Jrnl. Disappointed Man (1919) 230 How pleased Swift, Johnson, Lamb, and other anti-Caledonians would be.
2009 Daily Mail (Nexis) 21 Oct. [He] attacked his party leader, complaining that the Cabinet contains no members of ethnic minorities but has four white Scotsmen... That's a bit anti-Caledonian, isn't it?
anti-Darwinian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪdɑːˈwɪnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌdɑrˈwɪniən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌdɑrˈwɪniən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌdɑrˈwɪniən/
ΚΠ
1860 Nonconformist 26 Dec. 1035/2 Our only quotation from Mr. Phillips is an Anti-Darwinian one.
1863 Ibis 5 256 The same facts are observed..by a thorough anti-Darwinian—Professor Schlegel.
1881 Athenæum 23 Apr. 562/1 An anti-Darwinian manifesto.
1921 A. F. R. Wollaston Life Alfred Newton viii. 122 The result of the Oxford meeting was of the nature of a drawn battle between the Darwinians and the anti-Darwinians.
1983 S. J. Gould Hen's Teeth & Horse's Toes (1984) x. 138 Such an interpretation is not anti-Darwinian because it does not deny an important role to natural selection.
2003 J. Sapp Genesis xv. 179 Many French biologists placed the inheritance of acquired characteristics at the center of an anti-Darwinian view of evolution.
anti-Dreyfusard adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdreɪfᵿsɑː(d)/
,
/ˌantɪˈdrʌɪfᵿsɑː(d)/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌdraɪfəˈsɑrd/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌdreɪfəˈsɑrd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌdraɪfəˈsɑrd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌdreɪfəˈsɑrd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌdraɪfəˈsɑrd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌdreɪfəˈsɑrd/
ΚΠ
1898 Nation (N.Y.) 4 Aug. 91/1 Writing for the Echo de Paris, the army journal and the bitterest of the ‘anti-dreyfusard’ organs, he succeeded in insinuating skilful allusions.
1898 Observer 4 Sept. 5/5 This decision..satisfies neither the Dreyfusards nor the anti-Dreyfusards.
1984 G. H. Clarfield & W. M. Wiecek Nucl. Amer. v. 148 Conservatives generally behaved like the anti-Dreyfusards of two generations earlier.
2003 Observer 14 Sept. i. 31/3 What Kosmin and Iganski call the new Judeophobia is indeed nothing like the anti-Semitism of the Anti-Dreyfusards.
anti-Dreyfusite adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdreɪfᵿsʌɪt/
,
/ˌantɪˈdrʌɪfᵿsʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdraɪfəˌsaɪt/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈdreɪfəˌsaɪt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdraɪfəˌsaɪt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdreɪfəˌsaɪt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdraɪfəˌsaɪt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdreɪfəˌsaɪt/
ΚΠ
1897 Daily News 7 Dec. 5/7 The ‘Petit Journal’ took care not to risk its great circulation by going in the face of the wind, or tacking. It was point blank anti-Dreyfusite, and hit from the shoulder.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 25 Jan. 5/2 The deputies in fear of the General Election at which the constituencies expect them to pose as anti-Dreyfusites, gave it a fair majority on its decision to respect the chose jugée.
1992 Guardian Weekly 9 Feb. 16/4 Charles Maurras, the anti-Dreyfusite who had founded the paper [sc. L'Action Française] in 1904.
anti-Egyptian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻˈdʒɪpʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈdʒɪpʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪəˈdʒɪpʃən/
ΚΠ
1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. iv. 350 Those Anti-Egyptian Institutions, which I gave as a certain Proof of Moses's Divine Legation.
1814 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 38 35 The anti-Egyptian turn of the book of Exodus.
1954 Tyrone (Pa.) Daily Herald 2 Mar. 4/3 The riots in Khartoum touched off by anti-Egyptians.
2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 15 Aug. 19 There are onions at my local supermarket from Australia and Egypt. I am in no way anti-antipodean, or anti-Egyptian..but we are perfectly able to grow many different types of onions in Britain.
anti-English adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɪŋ(ɡ)lɪʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɪŋ(ɡ)lɪʃ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɪŋ(ɡ)lɪʃ/
ΚΠ
1793 Parl. Reg. Ireland XIII. 133 All the Anti-English measures which have been pursued in this kingdom.
1808 J. Austen Let. 1 Oct. (1995) 141 The Man describes well, but is horribly anti-english.
1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xxii. 467 The chief pillar of the anti-English policy.
1999 Independent 2 June i. 4/8 Edinburgh schools are to record bullying incidents to see if anti-English racism is a problem.
anti-French adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfrɛn(t)ʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfrɛn(t)ʃ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfrɛn(t)ʃ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfrɛn(t)ʃ/
ΚΠ
1743 London Mag. App. 650/1 This gave Courage to the Anti-French Party in Holland to propose an Augmentation of their Troops.
1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 151/1 The immigrant districts of the Grigra and Tiou seem to have been hotbeds of anti-French feeling.
2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 9 June 29/2 Prince Norodom Chaintarainsey, the warlord and former leader of the anti-French resistance group called the Khmer Issarak.
anti-German adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdʒəːmən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdʒərmən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdʒərmən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdʒərmən/
ΚΠ
1801 Monthly Mag. 11 491 This decision was loudly applauded by the anti-German critics.
1869 F. McWhorter tr. H. Zschokke Eccentric in Dead Guest 106/2 I have spoken against our anti-Germans [Ger. gegen euer Undeutsch], our masquerading, hypocritical compliments, [etc.].
1871 C. Abel Lett. Internat. Relations II. 381 Thanks to the anti-Germans, General Fleury remained one of the most honoured members of the corps diplomatique up to the very moment of his departure.
1900 Daily News 7 Sept. 5/2 The anti-German nature of the recent official Russian enunciations.
1937 Life 29 Mar. 51/2 (caption) Dowager Queen Marie,..born an Englishwoman, is strongly anti-German.
2010 Guardian 20 Mar. (Guide to Pets Suppl.) 47/3 Because of anti-German feeling, the breed's first British owners rebranded it the alsatian.
anti-Humean adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhjuːmɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhjumiən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈhjumiən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈhjumiən/
ΚΠ
1879 W. James in Mind 4 330 In the second volume of Lewes's Problems we find this anti-Humean view that the effect is the ‘procession’ of the cause.
1882 Nation 5 Oct. 314/1 Only he holds with the anti-Humians that each fact of feeling is in itself ‘blind’.
1933 Mind 42 140 The more thoroughgoing and more famous anti-Humian arguments of Kant.
2005 Chron. Higher Educ. (Nexis) 22 Apr. 3 In answer to her essay question, I parroted her anti-Humean line without really making much of an argument.
anti-Japanese adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪdʒapəˈniːz/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌdʒæpəˈniz/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌdʒæpəˈniz/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌdʒæpəˈniz/
ΚΠ
1860 N.Y. Herald 2 Dec. 8/2 Joseph L. Perley is a member of the present Board, anti-Japanese and anti-ring.
1899 Daily News 28 Nov. 3/3 If Canada were..to adopt the proposed anti-Japanese legislation.
1992 Esquire Feb. 135/2 Universal Pictures has opted to tone down anti-Japanese language in an upcoming Tom Selleck vehicle.
anti-Jewish adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdʒuːɪʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdʒuɪʃ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdʒuɪʃ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdʒuɪʃ/
ΚΠ
1786 J. Bentham Let. 16 Jan. in Slavonic & East European Rev. (1950) 29 76 I made an Anti-Jewish Meal of Yassi Sausages.
1817 M. Edgeworth Harrington & Ormond I. iii. 57 When Jacob appeared in the school room, the antijewish party gathered round him.
1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest 208 The anti-Jewish feeling that was being fomented here by the Nazis.
2002 O. Figes Natasha's Dance (2003) vi. vi. 508 The tirade in the press..produced a wave of anti-Jewish hatred, and many Jews were evicted from their jobs and homes.
anti-Macedonian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪmasᵻˈdəʊnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmæsəˈdoʊniən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmæsəˈdoʊniən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmæsəˈdoʊniən/
ΚΠ
1808 Edinb. Rev. July 493 The anti-Macedonian party in Athens.
1850 Christian Remembrancer Oct. 282 The strong political and party feeling opposed to Demosthenes, as the leader of the anti-Macedonians.
1993 Economist 19 June 8/2 Greece has with its anti-Macedonian and anti-Bosnian policies demonstrated its basically negative attitude to its neighbours.
anti-Mosaical adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmə(ʊ)ˈzeɪᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmoʊˈzeɪᵻk(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmoʊˈzeɪᵻk(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmoʊˈzeɪᵻk(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1615 J. Robinson Manumission to Manuduction 7 Ministering by an Anti-mosaicall, as do the men of whom we speak, by an Anti-Christian calling.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson II. 38 This fully refuted an anti-mosaical remark introduced into Captain Brydone's entertaining Tour.
1877 C. W. Shields Final Philos. 64 The science [sc. geology] having become so anti-Mosaical.
1949 B. Nelson Idea of Usury p. xix The radical preachers declared interest charges, usury, and in some cases even private property, to be anti-Mosaical and unchristian.
anti-Roman adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrəʊmən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈroʊmən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈroʊmən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈroʊmən/
ΚΠ
1646 R. Vines Hearse Renowned Earle of Essex 25 He was fidè Romana & Anti-Romana, of Roman faithfulnesse, and of Anti-Roman faith.
1661 J. V. Canes Fiat Lux iv. 294 May not Anti-Romans be ashamed to say that Catholicks use not the cup which they use as much as any.
1670 E. Fowler Princ. & Pract. Moderate Divines i. 25 Those men, who were our great Champions in the Anti-Romane Cause.
1833 ‘An Irishman’ Cry to Ireland & Empire ix. 212 Christ was an Anti-Roman, a reformer, a liberator, who aimed at freeing his country from Roman domination and oppression.
1874 W. G. Ward Ess. Devotional & Scriptural Subj. (1879) 256 Dr. Pusey..has in his latest writings entirely abandoned his habit of anti-Roman declamation.
1900 W. B. Carpenter Pop. Hist. Church of Eng. xxii. 235 The Church of England was decidedly anti-Roman.
1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 350/2 Oscan, the official language of the anti-Roman allies in the Social War of 91–88 bc.
anti-Russian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrʌʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrəʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈrəʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈrəʃən/
ΚΠ
1747 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 106/2 Count Tessin chief of the Anti-Russian party in Sweden.
1831 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. 5 i. 324 It is impossible to read the author's account of the Russian campaign without feeling that he is a warm Napoleonist and a fierce anti-Russian.
1850 Househ. Words 11 May 153/1 The Pole with his anti-Russian pamphlet.
1901 Westm. Gaz. 31 Oct. 2/1 Anti-Russian political meetings.
1948 Bull. Atomic Scientists Aug. 242/3 Stimson was not willing to accept the argument of extreme anti-Russians that only force would stop communism.
2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 30 June 73 He..tried to create an anti-Russian unit of British soldiers to fight in the Waffen SS.
anti-Zwinglian adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈzwɪŋɡlɪən/
,
/ˌantɪˈtsvɪŋɡlɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈ(t)swɪŋliən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈ(t)swɪŋliən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈ(t)swɪŋliən/
ΚΠ
1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 489 To suppress the Antizuinglian Doctrine.
1848 tr. M. Meurer Life M. Luther vi. vi. 618 If any should..boast or pretend to them, that he had departed from his former anti-Zwinglian view.
1875 S. H. M. Byers Switzerland & Swiss xiii. 184 All this excess, the Anti-Zwinglians said, is but a part of the Reformer's faith.
1987 Harvard Theol. Rev. 80 352 The anti-Nestorian and anti-Zwinglian thrust of Lutheran christology.
(b)
(i) Prefixed to nouns and noun phrases.Where the second element is a noun of action ending in -ing which is homographic with a participial adjective, the word may in some cases have been formed on the latter.See also sense 3c(c) for some similar uses where use as a corresponding noun is attested earlier than an adjectival use.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately.
ΚΠ
1649 Briefe-answere to Late-resolves 6 Surely they will not heare, neither indeed will they cease for they are a Rebellious House; which appeares by these their Anti-Monarchy Resolves.
1662 H. Foulis Hist. Wicked Plots ii. vi. 86 He was..rail'd at by the (then) significant rabble of the Anti-church-government Puppies.
1767 T. Hutchinson Hist. Province Massachusets-Bay, 1691–1750 iv. 437 Douglass..had wrote well upon the paper currency and had been the oracle of the anti-paper party.
1799 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 2 232 To such individuals I would propose to form themselves into anti-burial societies.
1826 Ipswich Jrnl. 2 Dec. A petition from certain manufacturers of Chalford..signing themselves Members of the Anti-bread Tax Association, No. 1.
1835 T. P. Thompson Exercises III. 268 One great anti-unjust-property-union.
1839 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 26 Feb. 2/4 There is more quiet and less rowdying..here than in Boston, with all its anti-drinking, anti-bellringing and other anti-noise making laws.
1845 E. Miall in Nonconformist 5 275 Great Anti-state-endowment Meeting at Finsbury.
1846 Oxf. & Cambr. Rev. July 83 This present year..has witnessed the formation of an Anti-Malt-Tax Association.
1868 W. D. Whitney in Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 9 p. xxv In these three papers, we have the case of the anti-comment party presented from every point of view and with all desirable fulness.
1882 Cent. Mag. Feb. 578/1 It's the old formula for the anti-capital-punishment fellows.
1906 Daily Chron. 14 Aug. 4/7 As to kissing..could not we start an anti-kissing league?
?1949 D. Thomas Coll. Lett. (1987) 720 He's sensitive as a kid about being tough and anti-pansy—remember when he threw his beer all over that chap with long hair?
1958 New Statesman 15 Nov. 660/2 The result of a vigorous anti-illiteracy campaign is that 1,750,000 are attending classes.
1997 M. Aston & C. Richmond Lollardy & Gentry Later Middle Ages 5 Clauses three, five, eight, eleven and twelve [of the Twelve Conclusions] are..respectively anti-buggery, anti-supranatural, anti-pilgrimage, anti-abortion, and anti-arts and crafts.
2008 B. Goldacre Bad Sci. xv. 275 There was a strong anti-smallpox-vaccine movement in Leicester well into the 1930s, despite its demonstrable benefits.
(ii)
anti-alcohol adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈalkəhɒl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈælkəˌhɔl/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈælkəˌhɑl/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈælkəˌhɔl/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈælkəˌhɑl/
ΚΠ
1835 H. Winslow Christianity applied to our Civil & Social Relations ii. 39 He may be anti-alcohol, to the extent of its complete abandonment from use and traffic.
1919 Everybody's Mag. July 28/3 In Germany, since the anti-alcohol agitation, there has been an increase in the import of opium.
1992 Harper's Mag. Mar. 62/3 The anti-alcohol campaign..led to sugar being bought up for moonshine manufacture.
anti-alien adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈeɪlɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈeɪljən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈeɪliən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈeɪljən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈeɪliən/
ΚΠ
1847 Rock River (Wisconsin Territory) Pilot 13 Oct. The loudness and pertinacity of their native and anti-alien croakings are easily accounted for.
1985 N.Y. Times 17 June a19/5 Le Pen appeals to anti-alien, France-for-the-French bigotry.
1998 Fortean Times July 45/1 His steering committee presumably networks with the government's anti-alien initiative.
anti-authority adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɔːˈθɒrᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɔˈθɔrədi/
,
/ˌæn(t)iəˈθɔrədi/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌɑˈθɔrədi/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌɔˈθɔrədi/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪəˈθɔrədi/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌɑˈθɔrədi/
ΚΠ
1877 Times 14 Sept. 4/2 The anti-Authority party..took the name of the International Association.
1920 G. Lansbury What I saw in Russia v. 81 The Russian character is too ‘anti-authority’ to make it possible for any Government bearing the semblance of democracy to impose upon it a rigid system of organisation.
1989 J. Atkinson in R. Evans Special Educ. Needs ii. ix. 86 Provocative teachers... Saw discipline as a contest teachers had to win... Considered pupils as anti-authority.
2002 Empire Dec. 166/1 [The film] The Killer, with its ying-yang [sic] relationship between a good-hearted hit man and an anti-authority cop.
anti-bank adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbaŋk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈbæŋk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈbæŋk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈbæŋk/
ΚΠ
1798 T. Jefferson Notes on Conversat. 11 Mar. in Papers (2003) XXX. 173 To insert this power, would instantly enlist the whole of the anti-bank party in Pensva [= Pennsylvania].
1862 N.Y. Tribune 23 June Had this Constitution been submitted whole, with all its anti-Bank, anti-Negro imperfections on its head, it would have stood a better chance.
1965 R. B. Flanders Nauvoo (1975) viii. 213 There were pro-National Bank men, including many Democrats, and anti-Bank men.
2011 D. W. Howe in J. J. Yates & J. D. Hunter Thrift & Thriving in Amer. i. ii. 50 Jackson had powerfully invoked both popular antibank feeling and the faith of many ordinary Americans..that they could get along best if left to practice the virtue of thrift on their own.
anti-betting adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbɛtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈbɛdɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈbɛdɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈbɛdɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1838 Hagerstown (Maryland) Mail 14 Sept. After boasting and bragging at a round rate, in the presence of an anti-betting Loco Foco, [he] bantered for a bet of Twenty Dollars, that [etc.].
1905 Daily Chron. 13 July 5/5 (headline) Anti-betting campaign.
2000 Jrnl. Social Hist. 33 590 Most anti-betting pamphlets of the 1860s claimed that betting ‘victims’ tended to be the ‘inexperienced youths of all classes’.
anti-bigotry adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbɪɡətri/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈbɪɡətri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈbɪɡətri/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈbɪɡətri/
ΚΠ
1834 Courier 23 Jan. They hold that the state of Spain will not admit of a juste milieu system; that there must be a decidedly anti-Carlist and anti-bigotry system.
1842 J. Sterling Let. 1 July in T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling (1851) ii. xi. 298 An amount of..liberal antibigotry that would surprise many.
1991 V. N. Parrillo Rethinking Today's Minorities 207 Honest discussion of American diversity within a framework of legitimate group interest, antibigotry, mutual respect, and coalition building.
2008 H. P. Greenwald Organizations ii. 33 Anti-bigotry elements in American culture have limited the success of the Ku Klux Klan.
anti-Bolshevik adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbɒlʃᵻvɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈboʊlʃəˌvɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈboʊlʃəˌvɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈboʊlʃəˌvɪk/
ΚΠ
1917 Observer 11 Nov. 6/3 Whether the strong and varied anti-Bolshevik elements can make the huge, passive, non-Bolshevik majority capable of action remains to be seen.
1918 New Statesman 28 Dec. 250/1 Even the most enthusiastic of Russian anti-Bolsheviks would be satisfied.
1958 Economist 6 Dec. 905/2 The ‘anti-bolshevik’ deals worked almost everywhere.
1973 A. J. P. Taylor Let. 16 June in Lett. to Eva (1991) 132 He was a Fascist, an anti-Bolshevik, with a long-term plan to conquer Russia.
2004 Stamp Mag. Aug. 77/2 The White Russian (anti-Bolshevik) Army, raised by Colonel Avalov-Bermondt in Latvia prepared stamps in the designs of number 3 and 4.
anti-business adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbɪznᵻs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈbɪznᵻs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈbɪznᵻs/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈbɪznᵻs/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈbɪznᵻz/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈbɪznᵻz/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈbɪznᵻz/
ΚΠ
1840 Atlas 21 Mar. 183/2 The story..chiefly consists in the affection of Rose..for a romantic and anti-business clerk of her father's.
1847 ‘T. Crick’ Sketches from Diary of Commerc. Traveller 262 Frequent mimicry and romping, practical joking, laughing and waggery, are too anti-business and absurd to find many adherents.
1938 New Statesman 15 Jan. 100/1 It [sc. the Wall Street market] had been depressed by the anti-business speeches of the President and his lieutenants.
2010 New Yorker 2 Aug. 21/2 Investors pulled capital out of an economy in reaction to anti-business policies.
anti-centralization adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪsɛntrəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌantɪsɛntrl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsɛntrələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌsɛntrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsɛntrələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsɛntrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsɛntrələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsɛntrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1834 Standard 25 Aug. If we may coin a word, the anti-centralisation principle which allows no permanent police but the people—no permanent power but in the intelligent orders of the community.
1936 Social Service Rev. 10 345 The bill meets the anti-centralization critics by giving latitude for various adjustments to meet local conditions and local needs.
1999 Western Morning News (Nexis) 27 Jan. 23 Backbench revolt by anti-centralisation county councillors has spared a homely register office in a Mid-Cornwall clay port from closure.
anti-churchgoing adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈtʃəːtʃɡəʊɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtʃərtʃˌɡoʊɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtʃərtʃˌɡoʊɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtʃərtʃˌɡoʊɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1838 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 24 July They..exhibit themselves as the persecuted pastors of an anti-church-going people.
1882 J. Hawthorne Fortune's Fool (1883) i. xxvii The practice of dissipation and the formation of anti-church-going societies.
2011 Guardian (Nexis) 9 Apr. 11 The book creates a Jesus who conveniently preaches the values of liberal America—pro-gay marriage, pro-abortion, anti-churchgoing.
anti-Comintern adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkɒmᵻntəːn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkɑmənˌtərn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkɑmənˌtərn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkɑmənˌtərn/
ΚΠ
1927 N.Y. Times 1 June 19/2 The expelled groups of M. Maslof and Ruth Fisher,..who are ‘trying to form a separate anti-Comintern party and a counter-revolutionary Fourth International’.
1939 Times 26 Aug. 11/2 It [sc. the Russo-German agreement] has already produced a vigorous protest from Japan, where it is held that the pass has been sold by the leader of the anti-Cominterns.
1997 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Dec. 44/2 It was the Manchurian rivalry..that had led Japan to join the anti-Comintern pact with Germany three years earlier.
anti-conscience adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkɒnʃns/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkɑnʃəns/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkɑnʃəns/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkɑnʃəns/
ΚΠ
1670 W. Penn & W. Mead Peoples Liberties Asserted App. 47 Jurors..scared into an Anti-conscience Verdict.
1847 Tri-weekly Flag & Advertiser (Montgomery, Alabama) 3 Aug. The leaders of anti-conscience whiggery.
1963 H. Fingarette Self in Transformation ii. iv. 147 This moral outlook is different from the anticonscience, hedonistic one suggested above.
anti-conscription adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkənˈskrɪpʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikənˈskrɪpʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkənˈskrɪpʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkənˈskrɪpʃən/
ΚΠ
1841 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 2 Jan. 395/2 The baron..begged him in courtesy to allow the ceremony first to pass, to which request M. Florestan, being an anti-conscription man, gave his consent.
1920 A. Huxley Limbo 72 The Weekly International organized a great anti-conscription campaign, in which Hyman and Dick were the leading spirits.
1992 R. MacNeil Burden of Desire iii. 250 Even one of his own election meetings had been broken up by anticonscription rioters.
anti-corn-law adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkɔːnlɔː/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkɔrnˌlɔ/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈkɔrnˌlɑ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkɔrnˌlɔ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkɔrnˌlɑ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkɔrnˌlɔ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkɔrnˌlɑ/
ΚΠ
1826 Evans & Ruffy's Farmers' Jrnl. 11 Dec. 394/1 This class of distressed people are seldom thought worthy of mention in papers under the influence of the Anti-Corn-Law mania.
1834 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) III. 102 No thoroughly informed leader on the Anti-corn-law side.
1843 J. M. Neale Songs & Ballads for People 15 I am an English yeoman! And we yeomen know no change: Though anti-corn-law lecturers About the country range.
1935 S. Maccoby Eng. Radicalism v. 93 Such propositions and answers..show how easily anti-Corn Law propaganda developed into a complete frontal attack on the whole of the social position and activities of the governing caste.
1991 R. Brown Church & State Mod. Brit. xiii. 409 On 4 February 1839 a delegate meeting of all the anti-Corn Law associations was held in London.
anti-crime adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkrʌɪm/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkraɪm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkraɪm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkraɪm/
ΚΠ
1894 Trans. Minnesota State Med. Soc. 57/1 The injection of some ‘anti crime’ solution into the inmates of all prisons and reformatories.
1968 Mrs. L. B. Johnson Diary 18 Jan. in White House Diary (1970) 620 Many women leaders concerned with anticrime efforts.
2009 C. S. Graham Solomon Effect (2010) xx. 105 Designed for counter-terror and high-profile anti-crime operations, it offered silent firing and superior penetration.
anti-discrimination adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪdᵻskrɪmᵻˈneɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)idᵻˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪdᵻˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)ədᵻˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1838 Extra Globe (Washington, D.C.) 14 June 186/3 The friends of the Administration voted for the anti-discrimination resolution.
1945 Business Week 30 June 94/2 At least 21 antidiscrimination bills were introduced during 44 legislative sessions this year.
1993 Chicago Tribune 27 Apr. i. 1/5 A controversial ballot measure..banning anti-discrimination laws protecting homosexuals.
anti-draft adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdrɑːft/
,
/ˌantɪˈdraft/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdræft/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdræft/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdræft/
ΚΠ
1862 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Madison) 17 Nov. (headline) Threatened anti-draft mob in Brown County.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 1/4 The head of the Toronto Anti-Draft Program last night predicted a considerable increase in the numbers of draft-dodgers coming to Canada.
1993 Roll Call 15 Nov. 6/1 Defend America First..held anti-draft rallies in Washington just as Perot is now rallying the anti-NAFTA contingent on television.
anti-drug adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdrʌɡ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdrəɡ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdrəɡ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdrəɡ/
ΚΠ
1846 Med. Times 12 Dec. 211/1 I cannot think that these anti-drug writers intend to charge any considerable number of their brethren with this vile and unmanly practice.
1967 Time 31 Mar. 90/3 Colleges, universities and high schools are suddenly eager for effective antidrug literature.
1992 Independent 27 Apr. 10/7 US anti-drug agents in Miami yesterday announced the arrest of two alleged ‘kingpins’ in the Colombian Cali cocaine cartel.
anti-education adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɛdjᵿˈkeɪʃn/
,
/ˌantɪɛdʒᵿˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1827 Westm. Rev. Apr. 293 This is a fact not known to the anti-education mass, we are well aware.
1840 T. P. Thompson Exercises V. 90 The same anti-education devil that in America enters into a planter, in the old country enters into a bishop.
1911 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 92 It is hardly likely that even among classes of the emptiest leisure anti-health or anti-education movements will manifest themselves.
2010 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 Nov. 7 He needs to convince anti-education and anti-government conservatives that school budgets and curriculums aren't appropriate places to fight the culture wars.
anti-evolution adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪiːvəˈluːʃn/
,
/ˌantɪɛvəˈluːʃn/
,
/ˌantɪiːvəˈljuːʃn/
,
/ˌantɪɛvəˈljuːʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɛvəˈluʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌɛvəˈluʃən/
ΚΠ
1873 Literary World (Boston) May 182/2 It will be long, we think, before the Anti-Evolution argument has an abler statement than these pages give it.
1877 Nation (N.Y.) 4 Jan. 16/1 Thou canst not read, nobody can read, this lay of Anti-Evolution, though only twenty five pages long.
1925 N.Y. Times 17 June 20/7 He made a ‘sharp dig at Tennessee’, attacking the Government and the Legislature for the recent anti-evolution enactment in the State.
1989 Nature 25 May 267/1 Anti-evolution is a worldwide phenomenon.
2010 J. Bowen If You can read This 98 Anti-evolution creationists can be heard giving critiques that epitomize a straw man argument.
anti-exporting adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻkˈspɔːtɪŋ/
,
/ˌantɪɛkˈspɔːtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɛkˈspɔrdɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌɛkˈspɔrdɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1859 All Year Round 12 Nov. 58/1 A series of anti-exporting acts of Parliament.
1977 Chem. Week (Nexis) 7 Sept. 16 Prime Minister Fraser..does not think that the Labor party will have a chance to implement an antiexporting policy.
2011 A. Fleury & M. T. L. Fleury Brazilian Multinationals ii. vi. 156 An anti-exporting culture that predominated at least until the mid 1980s.
anti-family adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfam(ᵻ)li/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfæm(ə)li/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfæm(ə)li/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfæm(ə)li/
ΚΠ
1831 G. Newbury Two Lett. i. 9 Our anti-family Baptist brethren.
1937 Mind 46 117 Emphasis on universal love (which in Christ's teaching has a definite anti-family bias) is found also in India, China, Greece.
1992 New Republic 5 Oct. 25/1 The disinformation that feminists are anti-family.
anti-felon adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfɛlən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfɛlən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfɛlən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfɛlən/
ΚΠ
1845 Courier (Hobart, Austral.) 11 Jan. The anti-felon prejudice..would in the last degree be absurd in Port Phillip.
1857 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1858) I. xxv. 97 We of the anti-felon portion of society.
2005 Columbia Law Rev. 105 701 Gray's testimony before the committee..highlights how much more important the antiprostitution provisions of the Page Law were in practice than the antifelon portions.
anti-felony adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfɛləni/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfɛləni/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfɛləni/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfɛləni/
ΚΠ
1832 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Jan. 14 The great Anti-felony Association of modern times.
1998 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 4 Dec. 11 The Illinois Appellate Court has upheld the anti-felony law in a Chicago Heights case.
anti-fraud adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfrɔːd/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfrɔd/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈfrɑd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfrɔd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfrɑd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfrɔd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfrɑd/
ΚΠ
1836 Reg. Deb. Congr. 12 4593/1 Is there..another party which declares open, undisguised war against fraud? If so, then I am proud to proclaim myself as belonging to the anti-fraud party.
1972 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 24 Oct. 3/4 Antifraud claims in complaints by shareholders who purchased shares before..the allegedly illegal acts of defendants.
2007 V. Jewiss tr. R. Saviano Gomorrah i. 8 In April 2005, the Antifraud unit of Italian Customs..confiscated..450,000 figurines, puppets, Barbies, and Spider-men.
anti-free-trade adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˌfriːˈtreɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌfriˈtreɪd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌfriˈtreɪd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌfriˈtreɪd/
ΚΠ
1828 Age 16 Mar. 84/3 The system which was to have ruined the commerce and manufactures of our country—(the Anti-free-trade-system).
1839 T. P. Thompson Exercises II. 466 An Anti-Free-Trade orator, at that time of high consideration with his party.
1954 A. Briggs Victorian People ii. 25 Increasing prosperity was influencing the recalcitrant Protectionists unobtrusively to drop some of their anti-Free-Trade slogans.
2004 Foreign Affairs Jan. 54 [He] had responded to this growing link between the two issues, taking a number of anti-WTO, anti-free trade positions.
anti-gambling adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɡamblɪŋ/
,
/ˌantɪˈɡambl̩ɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɡæmb(ə)lɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɡæmb(ə)lɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈɡæmb(ə)lɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1829 Statesman & Gaz. (Natchez, Mississippi) 14 Feb. The citizens of Savannah have established not only an anti-duelling but also an anti-gambling society.
1894 Idler Sept. 222 The Anti-Gambling Society, if it proposes to be consistent, has a good deal of work cut out for it.
1990 Time 14 May 32 (heading) Heavily armed pro-and antigambling factions have battled for control of the main road through the reservation.
anti-hunting adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhʌntɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhən(t)ɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈhən(t)ɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈhən(t)ɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1831 Sporting Mag. May 49/1 The key..to fit the lock of the fetters of anti-hunting capabilities, which have so long been said to have held in chains this fair portion of England.
1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough 79 Anti-hunting weather.
1918 Fins, Feathers & Fur June 6/2 The alien anti-hunting law..has resulted in keeping many irresponsible and destructive shooters from the woods and fields.
2008 M. Woods New Labour's Countryside vi. 98 Labour remained at the forefront of the anti-hunting campaign during the 1980s and early 1990s.
anti-levelling adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlɛvl̩ɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlɛv(ə)lɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈlɛv(ə)lɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈlɛv(ə)lɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1793 J. Thelwall Peripatetic III. 135 Those whom bigotry, or dread of their displeasure, might induce to subscribe to their anti-levelling association.
1817 W. Hazlitt Characters Shakespear's Plays 70 The principle of poetry is a very anti-levelling principle.
1914 T. H. S. Escott Club Makers & Club Members ii. 45 The tone of the Rota debates grew..more anti-levelling and contemptuously opposed to ‘mob rule’.
1994 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 7 May 1151/2 The battle against unemployment ceded priority to that against inflation. This had a profoundly anti-levelling social impact.
anti-litter adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlɪtə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlɪdər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈlɪdər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈlɪdər/
ΚΠ
1916 Amer. City July 67/2 A determined campaign to keep New York City looking clean and neat has been launched... It is called the ‘Anti-Litter League’.
1917 School & Society 15 Sept. 313/2 Cooperation in anti-litter squads or class organizations.
1995 Leader (Canada) Mar. 18/3 They will use funds to clean up 6 km of roadside ditches, buy and place three recycle bins, paint and erect anti-litter signs, [etc.].
2011 D. Porter & D. Prince Frommer's Bermuda ii. 15 Environmental protection takes the form of stiff anti-litter laws, annual garbage cleanup campaigns..and other measures.
anti-machinery adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪməˈʃiːn(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iməˈʃin(ə)ri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪməˈʃin(ə)ri/
,
/ˌæn(t)əməˈʃin(ə)ri/
ΚΠ
1830 Times 25 Sept. The anti-machinery philosophers, whose principle would, if carried far enough, leave mankind at last with no tools to work with but their fingers.
1937 Polit. Sci. Q. 52 20 Even as late as 1881, there were serious anti-machinery riots in the same area.
2001 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 29 Sept. 3692/1 Gandhi's extreme anti-machinery doctrine seems to have been modified over the years to accommodate the use of some machinery.
anti-negro adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈniːɡrəʊ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈniɡroʊ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈniɡroʊ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈniɡroʊ/
ΚΠ
?1797 J. Wright tr. F. A. Stanislaus Voy. St. Domingo vii. 52 Let our anti-negro men do the same.
1844 H. Playfair Brother Jonathan xiii. 118 What with the tempest of politics, and the religious zealots, and the anti-abolitionists, and anti-negroes, nearly all over the Northern States.
1947 M. M. Lewis Lang. in Society x. 217 Books..have been..used to intensify anti-Negro attitudes.
1962 J. R. Taylor Angry Theatre 51 Savaging the church, the aristocracy,..anti-semites, anti-Negroes and anti-anti-H-Bomb demonstrators, and just about every other imaginable bête noire of the discontented intellectual.
2004 Times Higher Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 24 Sept. 28 The Klan reverted to a southern working-class concentration on anti-Negro activities.
anti-opium adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈəʊpɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈoʊpiəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈoʊpiəm/
ΚΠ
1835 Moral Reformer Feb. 66 We should have no strong objection to Anti-Tobacco, Anti-Opium, and Anti-Dosing-of-various-kinds Societies.
1893 W. Forbes-Mitchell Reminisc. Great Mutiny 293 He had no sympathy with the anti-opium party.
2006 J. Buxton Polit. Econ. Narcotics iii. 29 Parallel anti-opium organizations..sprang up in other British colonies such as Sri Lanka and Burma.
anti-people adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpiːpl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpip(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈpip(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈpip(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1852 T. J. Vaiden Rational Relig. & Morals 655 Such characters are anti-people and anti-god, and value the good of man on earth only in proportion to their own advancement.
1969 Times 13 Oct. (India Suppl.) p. iii/3 She [sc. Indira Gandhi] branded her critics as ‘anti-people’.
2010 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 1 July The Indian government needs to be condemned for its anti-people policies.
anti-plurality adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪplʊəˈralᵻti/
,
/ˌantɪplɔːˈralᵻti/
,
/ˌantɪplᵿˈralᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iplᵿˈrælədi/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪplᵿˈrælədi/
,
/ˌæn(t)əplᵿˈrælədi/
In quot. 1783 as the pseudonym of a correspondent opposed to members of the clergy holding more than one benefice or living at the same time; see plurality n. 2a.
ΚΠ
1783 Public Advertiser 19 Sept. A Correspondent who signs himself ‘Anti-Plurality’, desires to know if he is told the same Story still.
1831 Times 1 Sept. 2/5 Archbishop Whitgift's Nine Reasons against the anti-plurality Bill of his days.
1850 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. (ed. 2) I. 141 In opposition to the Antiplurality doctrine of Parmenides and Zeno.
1981 Speculum 56 662 With respect to the anti-plurality decree Execrabilis, Wright confirms the accepted opinion that lay benefices were virtually immune from papal provision.
anti-pollution adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪpəˈluːʃn/
,
/ˌantɪpəˈljuːʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ipəˈluʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪpəˈluʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əpəˈluʃən/
ΚΠ
1847 Colonial Times (Hobart, Austral.) 15 June It is an extraordinary fact, demonstrative of the real feelings of the anti-pollution howlers, that [etc.].
1871 Wrexham & Denbighshire Advertiser 5 Aug. 6/1 (heading) River Dee anti-pollution society's meeting.
1920 Amer. City Feb. 148/2 The effluent is well within the requirements of the Texas stream anti-pollution law.
2006 S. Saguaro Garden Plots iii. 190 The Crying Indian..was widely used in an anti-pollution Public Service Announcement to ‘Keep America Beautiful’.
anti-porn adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpɔːn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpɔrn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈpɔrn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈpɔrn/
ΚΠ
1971 Economist 7 Aug. 24/2 The anti-porn lobby, lent tone by Lord Longford's private commission, is certainly more vociferous.
1998 Chicago Tribune 6 July xiii. 6/6 [She] traces her conversion from anti-porn college girl to editor of Future Sex.
anti-poverty adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpɒvəti/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpɑvərdi/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈpɑvərdi/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈpɑvərdi/
ΚΠ
1879 San Francisco Chron. 7 Dec. 6/9 (headline) An anti-poverty society.
1887 Standard (N.Y.) 7 May 2/1 The undersigned associate themselves together in an organization to be known as the Anti-Poverty society. The object of the society is to spread..a knowledge of the truth that God has made ample provision for the needs of all men during their residence upon earth, and that poverty is the result of..human laws.
1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 24 June 3 a/1 Pope Paul Wednesday praised American Catholics for their ‘sustained piety and generosity’, singling out the church's domestic antipoverty effort and its overseas relief work.
2006 Fast Company May 104 Some of the most effective antihunger and antipoverty programs in developing nations are small-scale projects run by local or regional social entrepreneurs.
anti-prostitution adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪprɒstᵻˈtjuːʃn/
,
/ˌantɪprɒstᵻˈtʃuːʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌprɑstəˈt(j)uʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌprɑstəˈt(j)uʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌprɑstəˈt(j)uʃən/
ΚΠ
1860 Polynesian (Honolulu) 16 June When his own aforesaid anti prostitution Act was thrown out on wire-drawn technicalities.
1976 Billings (Montana) Sunday Gaz. 11 July 2 a/2 (heading) Lawyers, women's groups fight ‘vague’ antiprostitution law.
1990 Tribune (Oakland, Calif.) 23 Oct. a5/6 Police..have said they do more anti-prostitution enforcement in the area around St. Andrews than in any other place in the city.
anti-reform adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈfɔːm/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈfɔrm/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈfɔrm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈfɔrm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈfɔrm/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈfɔrm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈfɔrm/
ΚΠ
1793 Morning Post 18 Jan. The names of the Clergy are very abundant in all the lists of the modern anti-reform clubs.
1835 J. S. Mill in London Rev. Apr. 255 They..will fight the battle of half-reform with anti-reform artillery.
1907 Pacific Monthly Apr. 411/1 A bursting bomb could hardly have created a more profound sensation in the anti-reform camp.
2007 M. C. Goldstein Hist. Mod. Tibet II. 535 Many Tibetans remained vehemently anti-reform and anti-Chinese.
anti-rent adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrɛnt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrɛnt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈrɛnt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈrɛnt/
ΚΠ
1834 Age 2 Nov. 351/1 We shall now have an anti-rent war.
1883 Cent. Mag. Mar. 726/2 The great manors and the anti-rent riots of a later period were results of the Dutch patroonships.
1945 Peabody Jrnl. Educ. 23 188/2 This is the story of the anti-rent rebellion in New York State in the 1840's.
1995 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 22 Jan. d1 He had official business with Gov. Rockefeller and had to walk through some sort of anti-rent protest to reach the governor's door.
anti-restoration adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪrɛstəˈreɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1820 Retrospective Rev. 2 250 Serjeant Maynard, the acknowledged ‘anti-restoration lawyer’.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 177 In these days of anti-restoration.
1974 V. J. Bruno Parthenon (1996) 144 Others..took an even more purist, anti-restoration position, asserting that the fragment had nothing to gain from modern additions.
2009 J. R. Pendlebury Conservation in Age of Consensus ii. 117 Following Ruskin, anti-restoration was gradually taken up by others, including Sidney Colvin.
anti-ritual adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrɪtʃʊəl/
,
/ˌantɪˈrɪtʃ(ᵿ)l/
,
/ˌantɪˈrɪtjʊəl/
,
/ˌantɪˈrɪtjᵿl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrɪtʃ(əw)əl/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈrɪtʃ(əw)əl/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈrɪtʃ(əw)əl/
ΚΠ
1851 Morning Post 23 Jan. 2/2 The whole mass of society is leavened with an Anti-ritual and captious spirit which breaks out into a cry of ‘No Popery’ at the first attempt of the clergy to obey the laws of the Church.
1909 W. C. E. Newbolt in H. M. Villiers Perfect through Suffering p. xii Villiers' incumbency at St. Paul's synchronised with some of the worst periods of anti-ritual fanaticism and persecution.
2000 R. Love Muslims, Magic & Kingdom of God xi. 177 By nature, I recoil from rituals. I come from a church background that is anti-ritual.
anti-segregation adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪsɛɡrᵻˈɡeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsɛɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsɛɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsɛɡrəˈɡeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1888 Morning Oregonian (Portland) 1 Mar. 3/2 The last session almost unanimously passed an anti-segregation memorial.
1902 Jrnl. Educ. (Univ. of Boston School of Educ.) 9 Oct. 243/1 The election of officers showed the strong anti-segregation sentiment.
1912 C. C. Quale Thrilling Stories White Slavery 81 Many citizens appeared before a committee of aldermen... Anti-segregation had decidedly the best of the argument.
1958 New Statesman 28 June 839/2 Churches, trade unions and professional organisations are being torn apart by the refusal of their members in the South to follow national anti-segregation policies.
2007 Financial Mail (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 24 Aug. 86 The belief that all American pop music is fuelled by black innovation underwrites the movie's anti-segregation message.
anti-sex adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsɛks/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsɛks/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsɛks/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsɛks/
ΚΠ
1868 Examiner 29 Aug. 546/2 The anti-sex theory does not set up a mere claim for equal justice, equal consideration, equal dignity, and equal right; it insists upon indistinguishability in all that concerns the human mind.
1936 Discovery Nov. 360/2 Headmasters with an anti-sex bias.
1955 C. Kirkpatrick Family as Process & Inst. 583 Contrasting antisex and prosex attitudes.
1998 Independent 17 July i. 3/8 Chocolate willies do not float my boat not because I am anti-sex but because they are a cheap laugh made with even cheaper chocolate.
anti-smog adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsmɒɡ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsmɔɡ/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈsmɑɡ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsmɔɡ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsmɑɡ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsmɔɡ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsmɑɡ/
ΚΠ
1940 Denton (Texas) Record-Chron. 19 Oct. 2/2 What it [sc. the Detroit News] said will do for an anti-smog campaign slogan: ‘Grime does not pay’.
1994 N.Y. Times 4 Mar. d6/2 11 Eastern states and the District of Columbia asked the Federal Government to impose California's stringent anti-smog rules on them.
2004 J. Sherman Gasp! 231 Tucker..said that the city ought to take a cautious approach about passing anti-smog ordinances and rules.
anti-smoking adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsməʊkɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsmoʊkɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsmoʊkɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsmoʊkɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1840 Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 33 440 Rip Van Winkle never smoked more lustily than puffed the anti-smoking monarch.
1849 H. Melville Redburn ix. 65 I was a member of an Anti-Smoking Society that had been organized in our village by the Principal of the Sunday School there.
1968 Christian Sci. Monitor 30 Jan. 5/1 The formation of the brand new Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) to act as a legal arm of the antismoking forces.
2010 S. Fry Fry Chrons. 58 I had been a most vocal apologist for smoking and a noisily belligerent enemy of the anti-smoking lobby.
anti-snob adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsnɒb/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsnɑb/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsnɑb/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsnɑb/
ΚΠ
1846 Satirist 22 Mar. 94/3 (signature of letter) Anti-Snob.]
1858 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 99/1 The anti-snob cant which Mr. Thackeray has set afloat, is just as insincere and double-faced as any other cant whatsoever.
1911 19th Cent. & After Dec. 1097 He is probably anxious above all things—thanks to the anti-snob satirists—to dissimilate his snobbishness.
1992 Economist 26 Dec. 91/3 Consumers are abandoning the excess and ostentation of the 1980s in favour of the anti-snob appeal of firms such as The Gap.
anti-Soviet adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsəʊvɪət/
,
/ˌantɪˈsɒvɪət/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsoʊviət/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈsoʊviˌɛt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsoʊviət/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsoʊviˌɛt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsoʊviət/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsoʊviˌɛt/
ΚΠ
1918 Times 6 Feb. 6/4 (headline) Polish anti-Soviet rising.
1918 Waterloo (Iowa) Evening Courier 3 June 7/4 (headline) Anti-Soviets hang Cossack Organizer against Kaledines.
1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 182 To bring Poland into the anti-Soviet coalition.
2000 A. Rashid Taliban (2001) 13 The Afghan Mujaheddin were to become the US-backed, anti-Soviet shock troops.
anti-squatting adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈskwɒtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈskwɑdɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈskwɑdɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈskwɑdɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1836 Sydney Gaz. 6 Aug. Further consideration of the Anti-squatting Bill, lately before Council, is, it seems, deferred for the present.
1843 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 30 Aug. 2/1 The reclamation, on sound principles and on a well-ordered anti-squatting system, of the millions of acres of wastes capable of improvement.
1977 Guardian 27 Jan. 6/3 Lambeth has been in the forefront of the London boroughs anti-squatting campaign.
2004 Jrnl. Southern Afr. Stud. 30 50 Calls for legislative intervention and enforcement of existing anti-squatting measures.
anti-stadholder adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈstadhəʊldə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈstædˌhoʊldər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈstædˌhoʊldər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈstædˌhoʊldər/
ΚΠ
1728 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 14 Dec. (1932) (modernized text) II. 80 I think it is pretty clear that it will [promote his becoming Stadtholder of Gueldres], from the dread that all the Anti-Stadtholder party have of that match.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xlviii. 329 The anti-stadt-holders, who wish to see the prince pulled out of his seat.
1879 J. Geddes Hist. Admin. J. de Witt I. iv. v. 231 The bolt of the national wrath fell..upon the anti-stadholder government.
1978 Jrnl. Contemp. Hist. 13 744 The former ‘states oriented’ (therefore anti-stadtholder) party of the regents of Holland.
2004 B. Jackson tr. J. Kloek & W. Mijnhardt Dutch Culture in European Perspect. II. ii. 24 The Patriot movement..grew from the old anti-stadholder traditions of the regents of Holland.
anti-state adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsteɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsteɪt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsteɪt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsteɪt/
ΚΠ
1735 Powers claim'd by Hierarchy Examined 51 'Tis this avowed treasonable and anti-state Principle, which makes Papists dangerous here.
1872 Bulwark Aug. 43 Declaring himself unable to say how far the anti-State poison has spread among the Jesuits, he [sc. Prince Bismarck] stamps them out.
1917 Weekly Disp. 3 June 1/1 Anti-State tendencies..are leading Russia with gigantic strides to catastrophe.
2004 B. Milton-Edwards Islam & Politics Contemp. World v. 146 Islamism becomes a vehicle for the expression of anti-state discontent.
anti-state church adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˌsteɪt ˈtʃəːtʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsteɪt ˈtʃərtʃ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsteɪt ˈtʃərtʃ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsteɪt ˈtʃərtʃ/
ΚΠ
1835 Eclectic Rev. June 422 Of the two evils, the Church and State system and the Anti-State Church System, we have already said, we deem the former by far the less.
1841 Northern Star 10 Apr. 7/1 Giving England the most conclusive and unerring proof of anti-tithe and anti-State Church feeling.
1959 Hist. Jrnl. 2 91 Shearman came to the League from the Anti-State Church movement.
2001 W. P. Griffith in R. Pope Relig. & National Identity iii. 72 They seemed to represent a rejection of Establishment religion, similar to the anti-state church sentiment then emerging in Wales.
anti-strike adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈstrʌɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈstraɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈstraɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈstraɪk/
ΚΠ
1853 Manch. Examiner & Times 17 Dec. 5/1 Why should not an Anti-Strike League be formed?
1922 B. G. de Montgomery Brit. & Continental Labour Policy vi. 58 The bus-traffic and road transport were organized by the members of the ‘yellow’ or anti-strike syndicates and by the bourgeois class.
1985 Times 29 June 2/8 The comments..will be seen as evidence that the anti-strike philosophy is beginning to spread beyond the right wing of the labour movement.
2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1123/1 Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government and the introduction of tough new anti-strike legislation had provided a political context that was bound to result in such a battle.
anti-takeover adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈteɪkəʊvə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈteɪkˌoʊvər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈteɪkˌoʊvər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈteɪkˌoʊvər/
ΚΠ
1954 Irish Times 3 Sept. 8/5 Consent was given to the temporary raising of funds to finance the anti-takeover operation.
1990 Science 17 Aug. 748/2 Much more damaging interventions are coming from state antitakeover laws.
2007 New Yorker 22 Jan. 32/3 Network ties affect how likely companies are to adopt anti-takeover strategies.
anti-tax adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈtaks/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtæks/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtæks/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtæks/
ΚΠ
1816 Dublin Jrnl 10 Oct. Let me again solicit your indulgence for the admission of some further remarks on the Anti-Tax Resolvers.
1900 Public (Chicago) 19 May 92/2 In Spain anti-tax riots have risen almost to the dignity of civil war.
1980 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts. June 418/1 In some countries..sometimes twelve..per cent of the electorate vote for anti-tax parties.
2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 4 June a1/5 He will have just 90 days to sell it to a famously anti-tax populace.
anti-taxation adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪtakˈseɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌtækˈseɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌtækˈseɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌtækˈseɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1795 Oracle & Public Advertiser 2 Mar. Some Anti-taxation Demireps..have already combed out the powder, and look as black as so many Savages from America.
1879 Independent Statesman (Concord, New Hampsh.) 2 Jan. 108/3 I am amazed at the dense idiocy of my anti-taxation opponents.
1994 Financial Post 25 Jan. i. 5/3 The anti-taxation message is likely to return as a dominant theme at the final conference.
anti-taxpaying adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈtaksˌpeɪɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtæksˌpeɪɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtæksˌpeɪɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtæksˌpeɪɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1832 Globe (Washington, D.C.) 27 Oct. Wolf's greatest opposition was the anti-tax-paying portion of the community.
1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem I. xlv. 177 Cockering up the anti-tax-paying rich with the notion that the tax was to be put an end to.
1922 Crisis Mar. 207/2 A man..who threatens..to lead his people in an anti-tax paying crusade.
2007 San Antonio (Texas) Express-News (Nexis) 11 Nov. 5 h The shortsightedness of you and your anti-taxpaying comrades who refuse to see how connected your lives are to those of your neighbors.
anti-temperance adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈtɛmp(ə)rəns/
,
/ˌantɪˈtɛmp(ə)rn̩s/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtɛmp(ə)rəns/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtɛmp(ə)rəns/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtɛmp(ə)rəns/
ΚΠ
1829 Western Intelligencer (Hudson, Ohio) 14 July It will not avail any thing to say that anti-temperance men, constitute a majority of the People.
1829 Torch Light & Public Advertiser (Hagerstown, Maryland) 5 Nov. The most confirmed drunkard we ever knew was an old man..who possessed the greatest of all possible abhorrence for anti-temperance.
1912 P. F. Powers Hist. Northern Michigan I. iii. 65 The conflict between the advocates of temperance and anti-temperance which has continued to this day.
1998 G. J. Lankevich N.Y. City (2002) iv. 88 In the 1850s liquor interests mobilized foreign-born voters into a strong anti-temperance bloc.
anti-tobacco adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪtəˈbakəʊ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)itəˈbækoʊ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪtəˈbækoʊ/
,
/ˌæn(t)ətəˈbækoʊ/
ΚΠ
1826 Boston News-let. 4 Mar. 130/2 Dr. Waterhouse, that anti-tobacco champion.
1864 Home News 19 Dec. 6/1 Prosecuted at the instance of the Anti-Tobacco Society.
1942 Cooperative Consumer 28 Feb. 5/3 Some anti-tobacco groups warned against using enriched bread because it would foster the cigaret habit.
2001 Mother Jones Mar. 55/2 The antitobacco attorneys..note that large jury awards are often the only way to punish reckless or irresponsible businesses.
anti-vice adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈvʌɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈvaɪs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈvaɪs/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈvaɪs/
ΚΠ
1821 Brit. Monitor 15 July 8682/1 It appeared..that an indictment has been very lately preferred by this same anti-vice Society against a bookseller for publishing a new edition of an old pamphlet.
1937 E. St. Vincent Millay Conversat. at Midnight iii. 85 The women aren't the only old maids; Who's at the head of all these Anti-Vice Crusades?
2012 R. M. Brown Murder Unleashed 107 He needed his incendiary anti-vice approach or his political career was dead in the water.
anti-vivisection adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪvɪvᵻˈsɛkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃən/
ΚΠ
1863 Daily News 2 Oct. 2/3 Are these anti-vivisection agitators prepared to take upon themselves the responsibility of restricting the progress of science?
1876 York Herald 21 June 5/3 Anti-vivisection continues to be a fashionable sentiment.
1997 Dazed & Confused June 58/1 Alan found him carving ‘Meat Rules—BNP!’ on his front door, next to the anti-vivisection sticker his girlfriend had put there.
anti-war adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈwɔː/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈwɔr/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈwɔr/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈwɔr/
ΚΠ
1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 12 Dec. 232/2 Virginia will, at least, maintain her ground; it is more than probable she will have but 5 anti-war members.
1856 S. G. Goodrich Recoll. Lifetime (1857) II. 51 The democrats were overjoyed that Colonel S. took pains to show his hatred and contempt for the anti-war party.
1945 H. Read Coat of Many Colours xv. 73 The spate of anti-war literature.
2007 Bitch Winter 41/1 In Copenhagen, other anti-war knitters covered an army tank in a pink knit ‘cozy’ with a pom-pom hanging from the end of its gun barrel.
(c) Prefixed to proper names.
ΚΠ
1787 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 XXII. 228 Had there existed in the kingdom such a faction as an Anti-Brunswick faction, to that faction he should have certainly imputed the invention of so malicious a falsehood.
1810 Covent Garden Jrnl. 210 This provoked from the Anti-Kemble party a violent hiss.
1855 Gen. Index Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 219/1 Great Britain,..the anti-Russia mania in.
1860 Brit. Controversialist 3rd Ser. 4 360/1 Mr. Philips, taking the anti-Darwin side of the question, is nearly ready.
1898 Speaker 12 Mar. 313/2 It is these who are the chief promoters of the anti-Dreyfus and anti-Zola agitation.
1940 T. Harrison & C. Madge War begins at Home ix. 241 Comedy songs that are anti-Hitler the public are at first inclined to go for.
1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 311 Saadi and his followers were sent to Lisbon temporarily and the anti-Saadi wing..were sent to Beirut.
1975 J. P. Morgan House of Lords & Labour Govt. ii. 75 Favourites of the 1966–70 Parliament were decimal currency, the two-tier postal service, and the anti-Stansted campaign.
2007 New Yorker 2 Apr. 14/1 Their new record, ‘Do the Stalinistka’, features a darkly funny anti-Putin title track.
b.
(a)
(i) Prefixed to suffixed nouns, forming nouns with the sense ‘a person opposed or antagonistic to what is denoted or implied by the second element’, and hence also homographic adjectives with the sense ‘opposed or antagonistic to what is denoted or implied by the second element’. Also combined ad hoc with a word, name, or stem together with a suffix (even when this suffixed form is already established as an independent word) to form a noun with the sense ‘a person opposed or antagonistic to what is denoted or implied by this word, name, or stem’.These formations are analogous to those at 3a(a), but in these cases the noun is the earlier (and sometimes the only) formation, rather than being a later development from the homographic adjective.Where the second element denotes a person holding a particular belief or position, as is often the case with suffixes such as -arian, -ist, and -ite, the sense may be expressed more straightforwardly as ‘(a person) holding the opposite belief or position to this’.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately.
ΚΠ
1649 Church-levellers 7 Is not the world full of Atheists, Antiscripturists.., Antispiritists (πνευματομάχοι they were called of old) and may not we call a spade a spade?
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Oxf. 337 John of Oxford was..a great Anti-Becketist.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wilts. 156 The Anti-Friarists maintaining, that such were Rogues.
1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iii. vii. 214 Having given the proper Hypotheses of the Predeterminants,..we now procede to lay down the proper Antitheses of the Antipredeterminants.
1682 H. More Annot. Lux Orientalis 14 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. This Anti-Pre-existentiary is such a Trifler.
1751 J. Jortin Remarks Eccl. Hist. I. 238 The Anti-Jansenists of the Church of Rome.
1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) Antiadiaphorists..the rigid Lutherans who disavowed the episcopal jurisdiction, and many of the church-ceremonies, retained by the moderate Lutherans.
1786 Ann. Agric. 5 441 One simple, general plan once sketch'd out to him, by either the fallowist or anti-fallowist, would be his infallible ‘jus et norma’ to square by.
1807 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 24 24 Whether Dr. Watkins, or the Anti-Bucerist, has been the more attentive reader of English ecclesiastical history.
1818 ‘W. Whistlecraft’ & ‘R. Whistlecraft’ Prospectus National Work King Arthur (ed. 2) iii. xxxi. 16 A prudent monk, their reader and librarian..(Himself an anti-tintinnabularian).
1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth I. 219 Neither the ascetics, nor the anti-ascetics, seem to be aware that [etc.].
1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. iii. 89 Maintained by the antiatonementists.
1839 W. M. Thackeray in Fraser's Mag. Dec. 683/1 Your humble servant and other antihumbuggists.
a1845 R. H. Barham Let. in R. H. D. Barham Life & Lett. R. H. Barham (1870) II. ix. 139 I, as one of the anti-surplicians, not liking to show anything of the white feather.
1880 W. Wren in Daily News 28 Jan. 2/4 The Local Optionists, the Anti-contagious-Diseasists.
1882 Sun 14 May 6/5 The anti-lacrossers cheered.
1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 29 Nov. 2/4 He is by no means an anti-Wagnerite.
1906 Country Life 15 Dec. 866/1 The ‘anti-dolly-ists’ (I am an anti-dolly-ist) maintain that the player has no right to know where the tee is.
1925 Amer. Mercury Oct. 193/1 The New Dawn about to be ushered in by the birth-controllers, anti-child-laborites, pacifists, modernists [etc.].
1983 I. Britain in I. Donaldson Transformations Mod. European Drama ii. 27 Clement Scott, one of the most vehement anti-Ibsenites among London's theatre-critics at the time.
2004 N. Devon Jrnl. (Nexis) 26 Aug. 47 Are all those anti-wind farm-ites leading a green lifestyle and biking to work, reading by candle etc?
(ii)
anti-abolitionist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪabəˈlɪʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌæbəˈlɪʃənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌæbəˈlɪʃənəst/
ΚΠ
1792 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 XXXII. 373 It had been urged by the anti-abolitionists..that Parliament had not a right to prevent the planters from supplying themselves with negroes, or making the most of their estates.
1807 Christian Observer Apr. 252/1 Indeed we must say for our anti-abolitionist friends in general, that they are but very moderate tacticians.
1862 Sat. Rev. 13 648/1 This year's division list..showed the anti-abolitionist party in a majority.
1970 J. F. Kirkham et al. Assassination & Polit. Violence iv. 215 Abolitionists used violence to oppose slavery..and anti-abolitionists resorted to violence to support slavery.
1995 R. R. John Spreading News iv. 142 Washington was rocked by antiabolitionist riots during the summer of 1835.
2005 Wellington (Somerset) Weekly News (Nexis) 12 Jan. 15 I have no doubt that the anti-abolitionists argued that the country could not afford to do without it [sc. the slave trade].
anti-academic n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪakəˈdɛmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌækəˈdɛmɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌækəˈdɛmɪk/
ΚΠ
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. 48 A noble Person (but great Anti-Academick) met Dr. Harvey one morning overseeing his workmen.
1697 J. Edwards Brief Vindic. Fund. Articles Christian Faith 24 I own him to be..Great Master of the Anti-Academick Order.
1830 Lancet 23 Jan. 367/1 While exclusively a denizen of Surgeon's Square..he enacted the tribune of that anti-academic settlement.
1991 G. Murray Toulouse-Lautrec 159 [Raffaëlli's] admirers included van Gogh, who interpreted his call for character in art as anti-academic.
1995 R. M. Pyle Where Bigfoot Walks xiv. 186 Bigfoot buffs have been nonacademics, if not antiacademics.
anti-aggressionist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪəˈɡrɛʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈɡrɛʃənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪəˈɡrɛʃənəst/
ΚΠ
1851 Manch. Examiner & Times 26 Mar. 4/5 This the House of Commons thinks a little too personal for an anti-aggressionist.
1939 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 22 Mar. 6/1 The entire British press to-day discussed ‘Stop Germany’ by a coalition of anti-aggressionist nations.
2011 Isis 102 293 Conflicting loyalties—as a popularizer, as an anti-aggressionist, and as a scientist—shaped Montagu's reaction to Ardrey over the course of the decade.
anti-alcoholist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪalkəˈhɒlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌælkəˈhɔləst/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌælkəˈhɑləst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌælkəˈhɔləst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌælkəˈhɑləst/
ΚΠ
1858 Macphail's Edinb. Eccl. Jrnl. Feb. 30 Intemperance of study..may have sent an anti-alcoholist, whose life was worth that of thousands of the scum of society, to a premature grave.
1902 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 48 190 Anticipating that this heresy would be supported by the Vienna Anti-alcoholist Congress, he has accordingly confided to the columns of the Wiener medizinische Presse.
1945 J. C. Flügel Man, Morals & Society 159 One is an ardent anti-alcoholist, another an equally fervent anti-tobacconist, while the third is never tired of stressing the virtues of bodily cleanliness.
2008 C. Bertha & D. E. Morse tr. G. Páskándi in Silenced Voices 182 An anti-alcoholist poster. And we were drunk, so we were, that's why we pissed on it.
anti-annexationist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪanɛkˈseɪʃn̩ɪst/
,
/ˌantɪanəkˈseɪʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌæˌnɛkˈseɪʃənəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌænəkˈseɪʃənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌæˌnɛkˈseɪʃənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌænəkˈseɪʃənəst/
ΚΠ
1844 New World 18 May 623/2 The extension and perpetuation of slavery by means of the annexation [of Texas], is now the leading topic of the anti-annexationists.
1849 Daily News 30 June 4/2 In Upper Canada, which seems to be so decidedly anti-annexationist, the population has scarcely any French admixture.
1993 I. Lustick Unsettled States, Disputed Lands i. 16 With the continuation of rapid settlement expansion in the West Bank, anti-annexationist reaction to Benvenisti's warnings of irreversibility began to change.
1997 M. A. Morrison Slavery & Amer. West i. 25 Whig antiannexationists rejected their opponents' argument that expansion would strengthen slavery.
anti-atheist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈeɪθɪɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈeɪθiᵻst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈeɪθiᵻst/
ΚΠ
1664 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania: 2nd Pt. vi. 201 It is not to be apprehended by what Artifice any Anti-atheist should perswade Mankind to imbrace such a belief, but that it was correspondent to the natural sense of their Souls.
1855 I. Taylor Restor. Belief (1856) 250 Our hostile friends—the antichristian anti-atheists.
1877 Times 11 Oct. 11/3 Others equal to them..periodically sat side by side with the most prominent and advanced sceptical and anti-atheist writers of the day.
1989 Internat. Jrnl. Philos. Relig. 26 123 Hume..responded to the challenge of the anti-atheists to show how there can be a system of morals independent of religious belief.
2008 B. Bickel & S. Jantz I'm Fine with God iii. 57 The name of their movement and the headline in Time were enough to send most people into an anti-atheist binge.
anti-Athenian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪəˈθiːnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈθiniən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪəˈθiniən/
ΚΠ
1709 Christian's Gaz. p. xiii If any Anti-Athenian shou'd be yet so stupid as to deny that Arts and Sciences may be new, I wou'd ask such a foolish Critick what then must become of the Foundation the Port Royal has laid.
1828 Daily National Jrnl. (Washington, D.C.) 18 June We should charitably hope that this Virginia blood is not so anti-Athenian in its character.
1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. lxi. 337 The leading anti-Athenians in the town.
2000 E. E. Cohen Athenian Nation 21 Lysias..was ousted in anti-Athenian disturbances and thereupon returned to Attika.
anti-Austrian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɒstrɪən/
,
/ˌantɪˈɔːstrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɔstriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈɑstriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɔstriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɑstriən/
ΚΠ
1761 H. Stanley Let. 29 June in F. Thackeray Hist. W. Pitt (1827) II. 529 We anti-Austrians love Madame de Marsan for having humbled the pride of M. de Caunitz.
1791 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 2/2 From Bolingbroke..it was that he probably caught his first Anti Austrian ideas.
1928 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 305 While the Austrophile Obrenovitches were on the throne anti-Austrian work was impossible.
2009 C. Paces Prague Panoramas iv. 86 Nationalist leaders who had been anti-Austrians before the war took leadership in the new government.
anti-Bolshevist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbɒlʃᵻvɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈboʊlʃəvəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈboʊlʃəvəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈboʊlʃəvəst/
ΚΠ
1917 Times 27 Nov. 8/3 (heading) Anti-Bolshevists rallying.
1917 N.Y. Times 29 Nov. 2/1 The Military Cadets and virtually all of the officers of the anti-Bolshevist troops in the Moscow district..have gone to join General Kaledines.
1994 M. Shain Roots of Antisemitism S. Afr. iv. 78 The war years also witnessed the emergence of a powerful anti-Bolshevist ideology.
2010 M. Challinger Anzacs in Arkhangel x. 130 The Mail predicted more violence—and facilitated it by giving details of when and where the anti-Bolshevists would assemble.
anti-Bonapartist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbəʊnəpɑːtɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈboʊnəˌpɑrdəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈboʊnəˌpɑrdəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈboʊnəˌpɑrdəst/
ΚΠ
1806 Secret Hist. Court of St. Cloud I. xvii. 195 From the most violent anti-Buonapartists, they instantly became the strenuous adherents of Napoleone the First.
1829 J. G. Lockhart Hist. Napoleon Buonaparte (new ed.) II. 323 He saw, say even the anti-Buonapartist historians, that France was invaded.
1954 J. B. Hubbell South in Amer. Lit. iv. 570 The Anti-Bonapartists controlled the French press in 1832.
2002 D. G. Grigsby Extremities ii. 92 In 1814, an anti-Bonapartist writer, Michaud de Villette, published a history of the Napoleonic wars.
† anti-cathedralist n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1819 ‘A Christian Observer’ (title) The anti-cathedralist: being an exposition of the impropriety of exacting the sum of one million from the British people, for the purpose of increasing the number of edifices termed ‘national churches’.
1853 Sc. Mag. June 282 It would have been as well if the anti-cathedralists had selected another Corypheus than the respected Incumbent of Pittenweem.
† anti-churchian n. and adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1644 T. Welde Answer to W. R. 4 Some, there, are contrary to us in their opinions, Antinomians, Familists, Antichurchians, &c.
a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1681) I. i. xxxi. 411 It may be said they are Anti-Churchian, but not Antichristian.
1901 I. Ladoff Passing of Capitalism viii. 46 This is the reason why Socialism in Europe is outspokenly anti-churchian, and, so far as church and religion are identical, anti-religious.
anti-classicist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈklasᵻsɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈklæsəsəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈklæsəsəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈklæsəsəst/
ΚΠ
1830 Dublin Lit. Gaz. 6. Mar. 156/3 What the state of things would be, were the anti-classicists to obliterate all vestiges of Ancient Literature and Arts.
1856 Literary Churchman 27 Dec. 516/1 He indeed overstates the anti-classicist position.
1902 Archit. Rec. Sept. 416 Not even the most bigoted anti-classicist can complain when the modern architect has an opportunity to use the classic orders as the ancients used them.
1963 M. B. Scolari Medardo Rosso 61 Rosso, the impassioned anti-classicist, should have welcomed this cry of rebellion.
2000 J. L. Porter Nietzsche & Philol. of Future v. 246 The anticlassicist implications are plain to see, and Nietzsche is quick to draw them.
anti-colonialist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkəˈləʊnɪəlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikəˈloʊnjələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)ikəˈloʊniələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkəˈloʊnjələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkəˈloʊniələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkəˈloʊnjələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkəˈloʊniələst/
ΚΠ
1831 Bury & Norwich Post 4 May Every line breathes the tone of a determined anti-colonialist.
1932 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 4 442 An anti-colonialist ministry..proceeded to reorganize Eritrea on more modest and realistic lines.
1960 Times 27 June 13/7 Anti-colonialists say that the western countries dug themselves in commercially even in Siam.
2011 A. Lentin Racism & Ethnic Discrim. ii. 29 During his studies Fanon was politically active and took part in anti-colonialist demonstrations.
anticonceptionist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkənˈsɛpʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikənˈsɛpʃənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkənˈsɛpʃənəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkənˈsɛpʃənəst/
ΚΠ
1822 Monthly Rev. 99 App. 458 The physical preventatives recommended by the modern anti-conceptionist, Mr. Place.
1926 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Mar. 579/1 Every anticonceptionist practice must be condemned.
1990 R. A. Francis et al. tr. J. Ríos Larva 542 I am the last descendant of the family. And I'm an anticonceptionist.
anti-confederationist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkənfɛdəˈreɪʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikənˌfɛdəˈreɪʃənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkənˌfɛdəˈreɪʃənəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkənˌfɛdəˈreɪʃənəst/
ΚΠ
1865 Daily Tel. 9 Nov. 7/4 His place was taken by an anti-confederationist.
1876 Colonies 30 Sept. 255/1 Such emphatic censure on the part of a high English functionary is more likely to perpetuate anti-confederationist opposition.
1946 Winnipeg Free Press 9 Feb. 9/4 Mr. Smith..described himself as ‘anti-confederationist’ and supporter of provincial rights.
2009 S. Zeller Inventing Canada v. 107 A subsequent wave of mining speculation by outside capitalists met with a burst of anti-Confederationist feeling in the colony.
anti-conscriptionist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkənˈskrɪpʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikənˈskrɪpʃənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkənˈskrɪpʃənəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkənˈskrɪpʃənəst/
ΚΠ
1868 Contemp. Rev. Oct. 316 Sir Charles is a strong anti-conscriptionist.
1913 Scotsman 15 May 9/1 (headline) Anti-conscriptionist meeting in Glasgow.
1985 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 4: Middle East, Afr. & Latin Amer. (B.B.C.) 22 June ME/7984/B/1 All the literature..was aimed primarily at schools, churches, political pressure groups and anti-conscriptionists.
2011 J. Connor Anzac & Empire v. 90 Speakers at anti-conscriptionist meetings..regularly called their audiences for a show of hands against conscription.
anti-contagionist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪkənˈteɪdʒn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikənˈteɪdʒənəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkənˈteɪdʒənəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkənˈteɪdʒənəst/
[ < anti- prefix + contagion n. + -ist suffix]
ΚΠ
1809 J. Roberton Treat. Med. Police I. i. i. iii. §i. 207 Whether as contagionists or anti-contagionists,..all of them agree that diseases of various kinds are produced by obstructed ventilation, nastiness, &c.
1831 Foreign Q. Rev. Nov. 264 We cannot forget how narrowly the government of Lord Liverpool..escaped being seduced by our anti-contagionist reasoners.
2011 N. Krieger Epidemiol. & People's Health iii. 69 To the anti-contagionists, the ‘obvious’ solution was not quarantine but rather to clean up filth.
anti-episcopalist n.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻˈpɪskəpl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈpɪskəpələst/
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/ˌæn(t)iiˈpɪskəpələst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪəˈpɪskəpələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪiˈpɪskəpələst/
ΚΠ
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα 603 Of Episcopacy and Anti-episcopalists.
1970 S. Burckhardt Drama of Lang. 6 Anti-royalist and anti-episcopalist though he was, Milton knew of the dignity and differentiating concreteness possessed by creatures that are hierarchically ordered.
† anti-episcopist n. [ < anti- prefix + episcop- (in episcopal adj., etc.) + -ist suffix] Obsolete
ΚΠ
1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie ii. §20. 200 What noyse is this I hear from our Antepiscopists?
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Marginalia (1998) IV. 591 Of Presbyterians, i.e. Anti-episcopists, there were at that time but few.
anti-Gothicist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɡɒθᵻsɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɡɑθəsəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈɡɑθəsəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈɡɑθəsəst/
ΚΠ
1867 A. Barry Life & Wks. Sir C. Barry ix. 317 M. Hittorf is clearly a strong Anti-Gothicist.
1882 Liverpool Mercury 2 Dec. 5/7 There is..not so much balance as to evince the classic feeling for which the anti-Gothicists yearn.
1979 Renaissance Q. 32 610 Many leading figures of the Italian culture..appear in this book, with their ‘Gothicist’ or ‘Anti-Gothicist’ views.
1999 C. Kidd Brit. Identities before Nationalism x. 283 The Scottish Enlightenment was both Gothicist (in its rejection of Scotland's traditional myth of Gaelic origins) and anti-Gothicist in the way it cut the English Gothic myth down to size.
anti-Hanoverian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪhanə(ʊ)ˈvɪərɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌhænəˈvɪriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌhænəˈvɛriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌhænəˈvɪriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌhænəˈvɛriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhænəˈvɪriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhænəˈvɛriən/
ΚΠ
1730 J. Swift Vindic. Ld. C—— 37 Favouring none but High-Church, High-flyers,..Tip-top-gallon-men, Jacobites, Tantivyes, Anti-Hanoverians..and the like.
1744 Def. People 140 A Collection of Anti-Hanoverian Passages, taken out of the Case of the Hanover-Troops.
1846 John Bull 4 July 422/1 This anti-Church and anti-Hanoverian publication is put forth as the organ of our two old Universities.
2006 S. Conway War, State, & Society Mid-18th-cent. Brit. & Ireland 99 Shebbeare..was one of the most virulent anti-Hanoverians of his day.
anti-harmonist n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhɑːmənɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhɑrmənəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈhɑrmənəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈhɑrmənəst/
ΚΠ
1748 E. Carter Let. 20 Jan. in Series of Lett. E. Carter & C. Talbot (1808) I. 163 As soon as these antiharmonists would consent to part with their card tables; we had a dance.
1823 Eclectic Rev. Sept. 215 The Quakers are the most consistent anti-harmonists; they..banish instruments, and music, and singing together.
1991 G. Ligeti in D. Fosler-Lussier Music Divided (2007) 154 I was an anti-harmonist because..tonal harmony was permitted in Communist Hungary and chose dissonances and clusters because these were forbidden.
anti-hierarchist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhʌɪ(ə)rɑːkɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhaɪ(ə)ˌrɑrkəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈhaɪ(ə)ˌrɑrkəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈhaɪ(ə)ˌrɑrkəst/
ΚΠ
1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie i. §11 39 This great Antihierarchist.
1840 W. Howitt Visits to Remarkable Places 462 Milton, the stern republican and anti-hierarchist.
1970 H. J. Spiro Politics as Master Sci. ii. 17 Those who follow a more skeptical theory of knowledge usually tend to be anti-elitist and anti-hierarchist.
2000 M. K. Bloodsworth in T. F. Murphy Reader's Guide Lesbian & Gay Stud. 207 Trebilcot considers herself more of an anti-hierarchist than a philosopher or a lesbian.
anti-Hitlerite n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhɪtlərʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhɪtləˌraɪt/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈhɪtləˌraɪt/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈhɪtləˌraɪt/
ΚΠ
1931 N.Y. Times 18 Oct. 1/6 Serious street fights between Hitlerites and anti-Hitlerites occurred here [sc. Brunswick] today.
1933 Illustr. London News 15 Apr. 523/1 (caption) Jews compelled by Nazi ‘storm troops’ to clean anti-Hitlerite inscriptions off a fence.
1939 War Illustr. 18 Dec. 474/2 The anti-Hitlerites are getting more daring.
1944 W. S. Churchill in Hansard Commons 22 Feb. 698 Some kind of friendly working agreement should be arrived at to..enable all anti-Hitlerite forces to work together.
1985 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 1: U.S.S.R. (B.B.C.) 18 May SU/7954/A4/3 This treaty paved the way for Iran's participation in the anti-Hitlerite alliance.
2010 I. Nowell Painters Eleven 133/2 In the early 1930s he marshalled an underground network of anti-Hitlerites that would spread throughout several European countries.
anti-humanitarian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪhjʊˌmanᵻˈtɛːrɪən/
,
/ˌantɪˌhjuːmanᵻˈtɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌhjuˌmænəˈtɛriən/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌhjuˌmænəˈtɛriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhjuˌmænəˈtɛriən/
ΚΠ
1850 Examiner 2 Mar. 133/3 The anti-humanitarian is right in so far as he maintains that vicious propensities are not to be eliminated from man except by the actual cautery.
1858 Crayon Jan. 37/1 The anti-humanitarian influences which constantly hover around the Hebrew woman.
1945 K. R. Popper Open Society I. vi. 76 His [sc. Plato's] political demands are purely totalitarian and anti-humanitarian.
1978 Ms. Oct. 8/1 What hypocrisy to call such anti-humanitarian people ‘pro-life’. Call them what they are—antichoice.
2000 J. W. Burrow Crisis of Reason ii. 93 Extreme laissez-faire theorists, statists, nationalists, utilitarians, racialists, anti-humanitarians, even utopian believers in a future of universal peace and cooperation.
anti-idealist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪʌɪˈdɪəlɪst/
,
/ˌantɪʌɪˈdiːəlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌaɪˈdi(ə)ləst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌaɪˈdi(ə)ləst/
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1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. vi. 304 Even Mr. Arnauld himself, as great an Anti-Idealist as he is, will in this large Sense not scruple to allow that all things are in God.
1844 Brownson's Q. Rev. Jan. 30 We have characterized the decline of metaphysics in the eighteenth century, as an anti-idealist epoch.
1887 W. James Let. 6 Feb. (1920) I. 265 Since you too are an anti-idealist, I wish..you would try your critical teeth upon it.
1891 G. B. Shaw Let. 10 Nov. (1965) I. 327 Strike a blow for the anti-idealist side.
1990 Independent 14 Nov. 17/4 Much of Gehry's most interesting work is utterly unromantic and anti-idealist.
anti-innovationist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪɪnəˈveɪʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɪnəˈveɪʃənəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌɪnəˈveɪʃənəst/
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1804 J. Bentham Let. 22 Sept. in Corr. (1998) VII. 277 The man at the head of legislation..is an anti-innovationist—but is among the people of the old school, who have little credit.
1867 Ballou's Monthly Mag. May 346/2 Anti-innovationists saw in them [sc. horse-cars] a dangerous experiment.
1902 National Rev. Mar. 82 He was anti-innovationist—that is, he was opposed to innovation for innovation's sake.
1994 F. Cervantes Devil in New World iii. 93 As God's greatest cosmic antagonist, the devil..could be welcomed by less anti-innovationist Chichimec leaders.
anti-Latinist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlatɪnɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlætn̩əst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈlætn̩əst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈlætn̩əst/
ΚΠ
1878 Year-bk. Educ. (U.S.) 183/1 The leader on the side of the anti-Latinists is the well-known author and teacher, K. Knudsen.
1926 H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 188/2 Foreword..is a word invented fifty years ago as a Saxonism by anti-latinists.
1963 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 19 June 1/6 The anti-Latinist patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic churches.
2002 B. Cummings Literary Culture of Reformation (2007) iii. 38 Erasmus..was adopted as a model for vernacularity by such a virulent anti-Latinist as William Tyndale.
anti-libertarian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪlɪbəˈtɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌlɪbərˈtɛriən/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌlɪbərˈtɛriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌlɪbərˈtɛriən/
ΚΠ
1844 W. Cairns Treat. Moral Freedom ii. i. 58 By thus rejecting a self-determining power, they of course reject the only thing which the others regard as proper liberty. Hence, they are sometimes called Antilibertarians.
1894 Philos. Rev. 3 339 From the anti-libertarian standpoint there is no break in the process; the fact of temptation and the fact of choice are related.
1959 New Statesman 17 Jan. 63/2 Cole revolted against the Webbs; their state Socialism seemed to him bureaucratic and anti-libertarian.
1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 18 Oct. 62/1 George Bush's..gamble that we will put habit before conscience as he surrenders to the antilibertarian beliefs of what he mistakenly considers our party's core.
anti-liturgist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlɪtədʒɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlɪdərdʒəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈlɪdərdʒəst/
ΚΠ
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα 91 Our late anti-liturgists thought forms of prayer might do well at sea.
1813 J. Nightingale Beauties Eng. & Wales XIII. i. 117 After the separation which took place between the Liturgists and the Anti-liturgists of the Old Chapel, Mr. Fownes continued minister.
1911 J. Wordsworth National Church of Sweden vi. 255 Petrus Jonæ, one of the anti-liturgist professors, who had in 1586 been elected Bishop of Strengnäs.
2007 G. D. Peterson Warrior Kings of Sweden x. 99 The anti-liturgists, anti-imperialists and clergy must have pondered their future.
anti-Marxist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɑːksɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɑrksəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɑrksəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɑrksəst/
ΚΠ
1886 A. Smith Rep. Internat. Trades Union Congr. 23/2 Both Marxists and anti-Marxists are ardent admirers of the profound economic works of Dr. Karl Marx.
1906 Social-Democrat 15 Apr. 206 How extensive must be Bax's knowledge of the Marxist and anti-Marxist literature for him not to know that he is merely repeating the humdrum bourgeois criticisms!
1989 Christian Sci. Monitor 24 Jan. 19/5 It would be folly to stand shoulder to shoulder with UNITA, whatever its anti-Marxist (and pro-South African) credentials.
2005 Independent 1 Oct. 36 Baathism in all its forms was avowedly anti-Marxist and eschewed all class analysis and politics.
anti-materialist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪməˈtɪərɪəlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iməˈtɪriələst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪməˈtɪriələst/
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/ˌæn(t)əməˈtɪriələst/
[compare French anti-matérialiste (1742 or earlier)]
ΚΠ
1748 Gentleman's Mag. 18 Index Anti-materialists in Virgil.
1833 Evangelical Mag. Sept. 394/1 Every Anti-materialist disputant falls into the egregious and extraordinary absurdity of confounding the act with the agent.
1857 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity (ed. 2) VI. xiv. iii. 284 No Eastern anti-materialist ever guarded the primal Godhead more zealously from any intrusive debasement.
1921 Monist 31 256 It is seldom easy to know the exact idea of the physical world held by either materialists or anti-materialists.
2000 J. Kent in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 196/2 His [sc. George Berkeley's] brilliantly obscure anti-materialist apologetic had no effect on his contemporaries.
anti-matrimonialist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmatrᵻˈməʊnɪəlɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmætrəˈmoʊniələst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌmætrəˈmoʊniələst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌmætrəˈmoʊniələst/
[ < anti- prefix + matrimonial adj. + -ist suffix]
ΚΠ
1688 Pleasures Matrimony ii. 64 Your Anti-Matrimonialists, that cry down Matrimony, because they would have all Women lie common.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xix. 87 If she make a private purse, which we are told by anti-matrimonialists, all wives love to do.
1911 10th Year Bk. (Bibliophile Soc., Boston (Mass.)) 113 Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin..was the legitimate daughter of two renowned ‘anti-matrimonialist’ philosophers of a hundred to a hundred and twenty years ago.
1992 A. Leighton Victorian Women Poets iii. 103 She could be as scornful on the subject [of marriage] as the notorious anti-matrimonialist, George Sand.
anti-metaphysician n.
Brit. /ˌantɪmɛtəfᵻˈzɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmɛdəfəˈzɪʃən/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌmɛdəfəˈzɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmɛdəfəˈzɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1832 Hopkinsian Mag. 31 Oct. 517 I saw in my dream that their disciples generally left the ‘establishment’ thorough going anti-metaphysicians.
1941 Mind 50 187 The reactionary anti-metaphysician is primarily a reactionary in science and only secondarily a reactionary in metaphysics.
2010 S. Sandford Plato & Sex v. 139 Taylor was no anti-metaphysician—far from it.
anti-militarist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɪlᵻt(ə)rɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɪlədərəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɪlədərəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɪlədərəst/
ΚΠ
1872 Standard 2 Sept. 4/3 The extravagances of the peace fanatics, and the calumnies of the anti-militarists.
1894 Manch. Guardian 4 Jan. 5/3 The anti-militarist resolutions passed by the representatives of Continental workmen at their various international congresses.
1905 Daily Chron. 27 Dec. 1/7 The trial of twenty-eight anti-militarists was begun yesterday in Paris.
1955 G. P. Chapman Dreyfus Case xviii. 323 [He] published..a series of anti-militarist, anti-patriotic articles, inviting the troops to mutiny, to lay down their arms, to insult the flag and so forth.
2006 Daily Tel. 27 Mar. 19/4 Mr Kember, a vehement peace activist and anti-militarist.
anti-ministerialist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmɪnᵻˈstɪərɪəlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmɪnəˈstɪriələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌmɪnəˈstɛriələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmɪnəˈstɪriələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmɪnəˈstɛriələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmɪnəˈstɪriələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmɪnəˈstɛriələst/
ΚΠ
1732 Gentleman's Mag. July 851/2 The Antiministerialists having often asked, What Good hath this Ministry done? they will not take it amiss..if we take our Turn to examine what Good they have done?
1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 169 The antiministerialists began now to perceive [etc.].
1822 Brit. Monitor 15 Sept. 9169/3 The anti-Ministerialist writer finds this out and accordingly his object is to give a high flavour to the dish.
1902 R. C. Praed My Austral. Girlhood xvii. 251 The wives and daughters of ministerialists and anti-ministerialists would scarcely bow to each other.
2003 P. Gauci Polit. Trade vi. 263 In the following month anti-ministerialists..made gains over the Tories at the London common council elections by championing opposition to the treaty.
anti-missioner n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɪʃn̩ə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɪʃənər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɪʃənər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmɪʃənər/
ΚΠ
1809 R. Southey in Q. Rev. Feb. 223 This madman, as it pleases the anti-missioners to call him.
1904 J. T. Mann ‘First Church’ (1907) vii. 167 Anti-mission doctrine is the ‘tare’ of missionary doctrine. Anti-missioners plant and cherish that seed until this day.
2000 K. E. Eitel Paradigm Wars iii. 40 Both Graves and the Anti-missioners were concerned about trends toward federalizing the control of missionary activities.
anti-moralist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɒrəlɪst/
,
/ˌantɪˈmɒrl̩ɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɔrələst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɔrələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmɔrələst/
ΚΠ
1727 W. Warburton Crit. & Philos. Enq. Causes Prodigies & Miracles i. 26 There is a Sect of Anti Moralists, who have our Hobbes, and the French Duke de la Rochfoucault for their Leaders.
1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 137 In opposition to Hobbes and the Anti-Moralists.
1881 J. Mills Too Fast to Last (1882) lv. 371 As a family of social freebooters and anti-moralists, I begin to think that society would be greatly benefited by our total extinction.
1920 J. W. Cunliffe Eng. Lit. during Last Half Cent. vii. 145 A number of critics and interpreters have..made it clear that he [sc. George Bernard Shaw] has a set of very definite ideas—that he is anti-moralist, anti-utilitarian, anti-Darwinist,..and so on.
2003 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 10 Apr. 70/1 Williams is a principled anti-moralist, a brilliant anti-theorist, an original blend of logic and humanism.
anti-motorist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈməʊtərɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmoʊdərəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmoʊdərəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmoʊdərəst/
ΚΠ
1899 Motor-car Jrnl. 25 Aug. 401/2 Despite the sneers of anti-motorists, we shall one day hear the hum of the merry motor as it rapidly conveys a load of ‘sports’ to their destination.
1902 Pall Mall Mag. Nov. 408/2 A good deal of the dislike of the anti-motorist public for the new locomotion arises from ignorance.
1963 A. Bird & F. Hutton-Stott Veteran Motor Car Pocketbk. 124 The more waggish anti-motorists of the 'nineties exercised their wits on the name of the Hurtu.
1998 S. O'Connell Car & Brit. Soc. v. 150 The role that the car came to have in this process is then explained, as are the reactions to these developments from motorists and anti-motorists.
anti-nihilist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈnʌɪ(h)ᵻlɪst/
,
/ˌantɪˈnɪhᵻlɪst/
,
/ˌantɪˈniː(h)ᵻlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈnaɪələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈniələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈnaɪələst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈniələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈnaɪələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈniələst/
ΚΠ
1876 Westm. Rev. Apr. 599 The article on Nirvana..is a lucid and masterly summary of the case as between the Nihilists and the anti-Nihilists.
1879 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 May 6/1 The secret police commissioned a well-known writer to produce a series of anti-Nihilist articles.
1971 Ironwood (Mich.) Daily Globe 24 Feb. 4/2 Vice President Spiro Agnew, the Administration drum-beater for the anti-nihilists.
2009 B. Diken Nihilism 13 Overcoming nihilism is a complicated matter; anti-nihilist attempts always run the risk of establishing new idols, new illusions.
anti-nosarian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪnə(ʊ)ˈzɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌnoʊˈzɛriən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌnoʊˈzɛriən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌnoʊˈzɛriən/
[ < anti- prefix + nose n. + -arian suffix] rare
ΚΠ
1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IV. Slawkenbergius's Tale 51 He can do nothing, replied the Antinosarians.
1838 Q. Rev. June 85 There are two great vulture parties, who may be termed Nosarians and Anti-nosarians... The former..hold..that the vulture has a real nose..while the latter..insist that the bird is directed by his eye alone.
1996 B. Edginton Charles Waterton 169 A specimen of a turkey buzzard's nose, which the Reverend John Bachman..had refused to look at, on the grounds that the anti-nosarian case had already been proved.
anti-opiumist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈəʊpɪəmɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈoʊpiəməst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈoʊpiəməst/
[ < anti- prefix + opium n. + -ist suffix]
ΚΠ
1842 Times 27 Dec. 7/4 Neither our interest nor our duty would warrant our establishing a coast guard in a foreign country, which is, in fact, what..the anti-opiumists..appear to expect.
1892 Times 27 July 3/6 (heading) The anti-opiumist ‘machine’.
2002 K. McMahon Fall of God of Money iv. 88 Anti-opiumists hoped the commission would be favorable to their cause.
† anti-opiumite n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1882 Glasgow News No. 2610. 4/2 Allegations made by the anti-opiumites.
1913 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 61 764/1 The anti-opiumites have now at last fought out their dogged assaults..to a conclusive and most fateful victory over the Opium Revenues of India.
anti-papist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpeɪpɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpeɪpᵻst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈpeɪpᵻst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈpeɪpᵻst/
[compare post-classical Latin antipapista]
ΚΠ
1630 M. Godwin tr. F. Godwin Ann. Eng. i. 178 Good God, how do the People make a shift to live here, where both Papists are hanged; and Antipapists [L. Antipapistae] burned?
a1658 A. Farindon Forty Serm. (1663) II. xxxviii. 604 The Antipapist Jesuite looketh into it, and findeth the draught and model of a new Discipline.
1703 E. Stephens Unaccourtable Dealings Rom. Catholick Missionars 2 That the Root of all our Confusions and Troubles did proceed from Two opposite Factions, of Papists and Antipapists.
1821 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 4 1310 The orphan heretic might be robbed by any anti-papist plunderer of his patrimony.
1937 L. B. Osborn Life, Lett. & Writings J. Hoskyns iv. 24 In the matter of religion, he was anti-Papist but conservative.
2009 R. Rauser Theol. in Search of Found. 204 It would appear to my fellow anti-papists that in shunning all things Catholic I am acting with supreme doxastic wisdom.
anti-Pelagian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪpᵻˈleɪdʒ(ɪ)ən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ipəˈleɪdʒ(i)ən/
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/ˌæn(t)əpəˈleɪdʒ(i)ən/
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1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 136 In shew a professed Anti-Pelagian.
1657 T. Pierce Divine Philanthropie iii. 81 I declare my meaning in the second of those Grounds, to be as Anti-Pelagian as can be wish't.
1758 Universal Mag. Oct. 194/1 Luther in a letter this year to Spalatinus, shews himself a zealous Augustinian and Anti-pelagian.
1865 E. B. Pusey Eirenicon 290 The Anti-Pelagian statements of Faith.
2005 Traditio 60 303 The staunch anti-Pelagian, Gregory of Rimini.
anti-populationist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪpɒpjᵿˈleɪʃn̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənəst/
[ < anti- prefix + population n.1 + -ist suffix]
ΚΠ
1815 S. Gray Happiness of States viii. 357 Our anti-populationists seem strongly inclined to take the ratio of the increase of population in the United States of America, as the natural ratio of the increase of population when unchecked.
1917 A. Loria in E. Paul & C. Paul Population & Birth-control 59 The reflections of Malthus upon the excess of production were condemned equally by his own anti-populationist exaggerations.
1990 J. L. Simon Population Matters (1996) vi. 93 Even the most zealous anti-populationists no longer claim that population growth is the cause of the tragedy.
anti-prelatist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈprɛlətɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈprɛlədəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈprɛlədəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈprɛlədəst/
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1645 J. Tombes Examen Serm. S. Marshal 143 in Two Treat. Infant-baptisme With that book Dr. Featley in his late..Tract against Anabaptists, and Antiprelatists concurs.
1834 Brit. Mag. Sept. 276 I must leave these difficulties to Mr. Rippon and his anti-prelatist minority of sixty-seven.
1927 Virginia Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 35 316 The ecclesiastical Puritan was an anti-ritualist and later an anti-prelatist.
2004 P. C.-H. Lim Pursuit Purity, Unity, & Liberty i. 15 His anti-popery, anti-Prelatist views, and opposition to antinomianism.
anti-reformist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈfɔːmɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈfɔrməst/
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/ˌæn(t)iriˈfɔrməst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈfɔrməst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈfɔrməst/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈfɔrməst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈfɔrməst/
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1776 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. 507 Not even by any of the most determined anti-reformists of the present day..would the reform, if such it may be called, be termed either intemperate or immoderate.
1811 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Apr. 907 Paper-money is a child of Pitt's Anti-reformist War.
1866 Church Times 3 Feb. The anti-reformist clergy.
1957 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 29 July 8/3 Unofficial calculations thus far..gave the pro-reformists at least 75 seats to the anti-reformists 35.
2011 A. Lieven Pakistan ii. 67 Would-be reformist administrations have to depend on traditional—and strongly anti-reformist—power-holders to maintain their rule.
anti-revolutionist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrɛvəˈluːʃn̩ɪst/
,
/ˌantɪrɛvəˈljuːʃn̩ɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌrɛvəˈluʃənəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌrɛvəˈluʃənəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌrɛvəˈluʃənəst/
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1711 P. H. Impartial View Two Late Parl. 54 The Factions of High-Church, Non-jurors, and Anti-Revolutionists, were broke..by the ascendant Vigilance and Union of Parliament.
1801 Amer. Rev. & Literary Jrnl. 1 50 Some invectives against the monarchy from the work of the anti-revolutionist Robison.
1828 J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. 9 272 The marquis de Ferrières,..a decided royalist and anti-revolutionist.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel (1907) iii. 24 Mr Jellyband and his fellow John Bulls..were royalist and anti-revolutionists to a man.
1992 G. M. Hamburg Boris Chicherin & Early Russ. Liberalism vii. 228 The inaugural lecture opened Chicherin to the charge that..he was nothing but a reactionary anti-revolutionist.
2003 D. C. Williams Mythic Meanings Second Amendment iv. 120 Modern antirevolutionist theorists of the Second Amendment are thus carrying on a venerable tradition of thought.
anti-Romanist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrəʊmənɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈroʊmənəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈroʊmənəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈroʊmənəst/
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1636 J. Fisher Priest's Duty & Dignity 31 The Anti-romanist will obey his Pastor no further then he speaks [the] apparent Word of God.
1806 Anti-Jacobin Rev. & Mag. Feb. 169 With all our Anti-Romanist, and Anti-Gallican prejudices, (if prejudices they be), we fear not to declare our opinion.
1931 R. A. J. Walling in J. Bright Diaries vii. 125 Nobody in England was a more ardent anti-Romanist than he on the religious plane.
2001 J. Reston Galileo iv. 72 Donà had made a career of opposing Vatican influence in Venice and was the leader of the anti-Romanist party.
anti-royalist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈrɔɪəlɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrɔɪələst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈrɔɪələst/
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1627 R. Sybthorpe Apostolike Obed. 16 To make use of Anti-royalists.
1648 W. Prynne Plea for Lords 25 The Duke of Gloucester..was the principall Anti-royalist.
?1790 W. Radcliffe tr. I. F. H. Drevon Journey Sweden 276 The King making his greatest exertions in the military department, in order to protect himself against the anti-royalist party.
1840 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Popes of Rome II. vi. 192 It is impossible to find anything more anti-royalist than the diatribes which Jean Boucher thundered from the pulpit.
1896 Æ. J. G. Mackay Hist. Fife & Kinross vii. 151 As cathedral towns have produced the most vehement Dissenters, so the most determined anti-Royalists were bred in the vicinity of the palace.
1932 H. R. James Mary Wollstonecraft 80 Her information came almost entirely from anti-royalist circles and she never spares the Court or the ministers.
2008 J. A. Tyner Killing of Cambodia ii. 38 The French well understood how most Khmers—excluding, of course, the anti-royalists—felt about the king.
anti-sacerdotalist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪsakəˈdəʊtl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsæsərˈdoʊdələst/
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/ˌæn(t)iˌsækərˈdoʊdələst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌsæsərˈdoʊdələst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌsækərˈdoʊdələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsæsərˈdoʊdələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsækərˈdoʊdələst/
ΚΠ
1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity IV. ix. viii. 174 The simple Anti-Sacerdotalists..repudiated the authority of the clergy.
1871 Westm. Rev. July 230 Dr. Vaughan is Protestant in a certain sense; that is to say, he is anti-Sacerdotalist.
2003 H. Abelove Deep Gossip 72 The anti-sacerdotalist and populist ideals of the Spanish Republic.
2009 E. A. Sanabria Republicanism & Anticlerical Nationalism in Spain 83 To anti-sacerdotalists, clergy members become symbols or representatives of an opposed institution.
† anti-satisfactionist n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1805 R. Wright (title) The anti-satisfactionist; or the salvation of sinners by the free grace of God.
1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. ii. 48 Crellius, the most subtle and elaborate of all the antisatisfactionists.
1905 C. M. Mead Irenic Theol. x. 342 The Satisfactionist alleges that this [sc. the maintenance of God's justice] is done by the vicarious punishment of an innocent person. The Anti-satisfactionist objects..that this would not be an exercise of justice, but rather of injustice.
anti-scientist n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsʌɪəntɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsaɪən(t)əst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈsaɪən(t)əst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈsaɪən(t)əst/
ΚΠ
1875 Sci. Amer. 20 Mar. 176/3 Fortunately, the anti-scientist cannot be unreasonable in all things.
1916 C. Winchester Flying Men & their Machines i. 13 Once more would the anti-scientist wail at the event and proclaim that aeronautical experiments must be forbidden by law.
1994 Guardian 8 Jan. 22/1 The rise of anti-scientists has to be resisted.
anti-sensationalist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪs(ɛ)nˈseɪʃn̩l̩ɪst/
,
/ˌantɪs(ɛ)nˈseɪʃnəlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)nələst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌsɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)nələst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)nələst/
ΚΠ
1851 J. Cairns Fragm. College & Pastoral Life 29 The distinction between our derived and underived knowledge..had divided the schools into sensationalist and anti-sensationalist.
1857 Monthly Relig. Mag. Sept. 214 The author is..a fair metaphysician of the anti-sensationalist school.
1867 Times 18 Oct. 9/3 A class of fiction which, in spite of all the prophecies of the anti-sensationalists, seems year by year becoming more common.
1922 Jrnl. Philos. 19 182 In laboratories of marked sensationalist tendency, imageless thought was never discovered, while in laboratories of an anti-sensationalist turn, it was.
1998 L. Pykett in J. Simons & K. Fullbrook Writing, Woman's Business i. 21 Anti-sensationalists deplored the fact that women were disproportionately represented among both the writers and readers of the genre [of the sensation novel].
anti-Socinian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪsə(ʊ)ˈsɪnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsoʊˈsɪniən/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌsoʊˈsɪniən/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌsoʊˈsɪniən/
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a1670 J. Hacket Cent. Serm. (1675) 553 And let any equal Auditor judge if Job were not an Anti-Socinian.
1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 122 What has been already said by our many Learned Anti-Socinian Writers.
1740 W. Lamb (title) Remarks upon a book entitled, a plain account of the nature and end of the sacrament of the Lord's supper... To which is added a plainer and anti-Socinian account of the same.
1868 Westm. Rev. Oct. 269/2 Though Anti-Socinian he was yet in a very true sense Unitarian.
2009 M. Lærke Use of Censorship in Enlightenment 165 We might expect a sincere Lutheran such as Leibniz to join the choir of anti-Socinians.
anti-sophist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsɒfɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsɑfəst/
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/ˌæn(t)iˈsoʊfəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈsɑfəst/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsoʊfəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈsɑfəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsoʊfəst/
[compare classical Latin antisophistēs, noun and its etymon Hellenistic Greek ἀντισοϕιστής]
ΚΠ
1710 C. Gildon Life T. Betterton 86 They like the Antisophist of Virginius, travell'd a many Miles in their Declamations.
1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxvii. 546 Sokrates deserves our admiration..not indeed as an anti-Sophist.
1860 W. Whewell Platonic Dialogues II. p. v The Dialogues I now publish I term ‘the Antisophist Dialogues’, inasmuch as they are mainly occupied with discussions in which persons who have been called ‘Sophists’..are represented as refuted, perplexed, or silenced.
2001 P. Friedrich in J. W. Fernandez & M. T. Huber Irony in Action xi. 234 The grand philosophical tradition that leads to the sophists and that most sophisticated anti-sophist, Socrates.
2008 M. Carruthers Bk. Memory (ed. 2) iv. 189 In this he is in the company of Quintilian and the anti-Sophist Roman tradition.
anti-statist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsteɪtɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsteɪdᵻst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈsteɪdᵻst/
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1865 Daily Miners' Reg. (Central City, Colorado) 1 Sept. It seems that our Police Court..has been transformed into a seat of discriminating mercy..from the way in which Anti-Statists escape chastisement at the magistrate's hands.
1886 Time Jan. 74 This party took at first the name of federalist, then of anti-statist or anti-authoritan.
1990 K. O. Morgan People's Peace 141 The venerable Austrian anti-statist, Friedrich von Hayek, a critic of encroaching government since before the 1945 election.
2004 J. Bell Liberal State on Trial p. xvi The Cold War played a role in the revitalization and reconfiguration of long-standing anti-statist sentiment in the Republican Party.
anti-suffragist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsʌfrᵻdʒɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsəfrədʒəst/
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1847 Northern Star 4 Sept. Such crack-brained fellows—as Protectionists, Peers, and Anti-Suffragists, should be handed over to Dr Oxley.
1885 Cent. Mag. Mar. 797/1 Her position as an anti-suffragist advocate of the cause of women.
1914 E. Pankhurst & R. C. Dorr My Own Story ii. ii. 110 Mr. Asquith was questioned in the House of Commons by a slightly alarmed anti-suffragist member.
2003 Church Times 25 Apr. 19/1 ‘Charlie’ Stanford—later an anti-suffragist—fought to get women accepted into Cambridge University Musical Society.
anti-theologian n.
Brit. /ˌantɪθiːəˈləʊdʒ(ɪə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈθiəˌloʊdʒən/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈθiəˌloʊdʒən/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈθiəˌloʊdʒən/
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1851 Reasoner No. 229. 15 The anti-theologian..sometimes gets bewildered amongst the many paths which religious belief chalks out.
1878 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 306 Theologians and anti-theologians may argue the matter as they will.
2000 Mod. Lang. Rev. 95 196 Wilde's emphasis on energetic creativity as an escape from the slavery that is born of religion places him in a line of anti-theologians stretching from Friedrich Nietzsche to Walter Benjamin.
† anti-tobacconal n. [ < anti- prefix + tobaccon- (in tobacconist n., etc.) + -al suffix1; compare earlier anti-tobacconist n. and adj.] Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1862 F. E. Anstie in Cornhill Mag. Nov. 614 Excessive smoking is carried to a pitch that would make the hair of any anti-tobacconal stand on end with horror.
1863 Reynolds's Newspaper 11 Jan. 2/4 The anti-tobacconals..go too far in their animosity against the asserted evil.
anti-tobacconist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪtəˈbakənɪst/
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/ˌantɪtəˈbakn̩ɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)itəˈbækənəst/
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/ˌæn(t)ətəˈbækənəst/
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1835 G. T. Burnett Outl. Bot. II. 990 Of the sincerity of the royal anti-tobacconist there can be no doubt.
1836 Tait's Edinb. Mag. June 385/1 I cannot resist here transcribing the title of an anti-tobacconist poem.
1995 Jrnl. Soc. Hist. 28 597 Medical findings..were far from conclusive, allowing smokers to quickly ignore the evidence and often ascribe it to the anti-tobacconist alarmists.
1998 M. Hilton & S. Nightingale in S. Lock et al. Ashes to Ashes ii. 45 The anti-tobacconists accused those in favour of smoking..as being infiltrators to the debate from the tobacco trade.
anti-vivisectionist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪvɪvᵻˈsɛkʃn̩ɪst/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃənəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃənəst/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃənəst/
[ < anti- prefix + vivisection n. + -ist suffix]
ΚΠ
1842 G. F. Etherington Vivisection investigated & Vindicated ii. ii. 141 Our literature affords no trace of the existence of a race of Anti-Vivisectionists, previous to the time of Haller and Hunter.
1875 Scotsman 4 Dec. 9/6 My former letter may have dropped..into the camp of the anti-vivisectionist party.
a1958 E. Jones Free Assoc. (1959) iv. 78 Anti-vivisectionist meetings were among the occasions when large bodies of medical students would collect for special purposes.
2011 Sunday Times (Nexis) 10 July 23 The company is the target of vociferous campaigning by anti-vivisectionists.
anti-Wagnerian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪvɑːɡˈnɪərɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌvɑɡˈnɛriən/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˌvɑɡˈnɛriən/
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/ˌæn(t)əˌvɑɡˈnɛriən/
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1869 Musical World 20 Feb. 123/1 M. Pasdeloup's Popular Concert of Sunday last was again disturbed by unharmonious hisses from anti-Wagnerians.
1870 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 May 12/2 ‘La Sonnambula’ is the most anti-Wagnerian opera ever written, which accounts for the immense popularity which it has enjoyed.
1963 J. Stein tr. H. Gal Johannes Brahms 83 Kalbeck was riding his hobbyhorse as a violent anti-Wagnerian and making some inflammatory speeches.
2008 Guardian (Nexis) 5 June 32 Erik Satie..loved a good hoax, like his non-existent anti-Wagnerian opera, Tristan's Bastard.
† anti-Wycliffist n. and adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Bristol 35 John of Milverton..was a great Anti-Wicliffist.
1722 Mem. Lit. (ed. 2) VII. 427 He was particularly accused of causing an Anti-Wicliffist Cutler to be imprisoned.
(iii) Prefixed to nouns without a suffix, with the same meaning as that described at sense 3b(a)(i).
anti-aristocrat n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈarᵻstəkrat/
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/ˌantɪəˈrɪstəkrat/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈrɪstəˌkræt/
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1832 True Sun 22 Aug. Assassins and anti-aristocrats being, in their eyes, the same persons.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. i. 10 Great is the fire of Anti-Aristocrat eloquence.
1936 N.Y. Times 19 Aug. 20/6 They all are anti-militarists, anti-clericals, anti-capitalists, anti-aristocrats.
1959 Life 15 June 38/2 Fidel Castro's hairy new anti-aristocrat regime in Cuba had a silly idea for a new way of raising money.
1997 Éire-Ireland Spring 65 The Chronicle was decidedly anti-aristocrat and somewhat radical until it was purchased by Peelites in 1848.
anti-Freemason n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfriːˌmeɪsn/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfriˌmeɪs(ə)n/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈfriˌmeɪs(ə)n/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈfriˌmeɪs(ə)n/
ΚΠ
1828 Olive Branch 31 May 37 The proceedings of the convention of Anti-Freemasons in favour of our free constitutions.
1836 W. O'Bryan Narr. Trav. U.S. 74 Anti-Freemason publications have been published in every direction.
1897 Speaker 30 Jan. 110/2 His Clerical opponent avowed himself to be..a Socialist, an anti-Semite, and an anti-Freemason.
1960 Life 11 Apr. 34/2 A Ku Klux Klan-like organization which..is almost as anti-Freemason, anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish as it is anti-native.
1998 M. O. Lee Season of Opera (2000) 32 It was his [sc.Joseph II's] successor,..Leopold II, who was the real anti-Freemason.
anti-freethinker n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfriːˌθɪŋkə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfriˌθɪŋkər/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈfriˌθɪŋkər/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈfriˌθɪŋkər/
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1824 S. Hibbert Sketches Philos. Apparitions Notes to App. 458 A host of needy romance-writers, who got up ‘well-authenticated’ ghost-stories as fast as the anti-freethinkers were able to swallow them.
1860 Boston Investigator 22 Aug. 141/1 We will define as near as may be the two kinds of men, the Free Thinker and the Anti-Free Thinker.
1943 A. Post Pop. Freethought Amer. viii. 202 The special object of the calumnies of the anti-freethinkers was Thomas Paine.
anti-missionary n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɪʃn̩əri/
,
/ˌantɪˈmɪʃn̩ri/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɪʃəˌnɛri/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɪʃəˌnɛri/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɪʃəˌnɛri/
ΚΠ
1809 R. Southey in Q. Rev. Feb. 224 The Anti-missionaries cull out from their journals and letters all that is ridiculous.
1810 Christian Observer Sept. 579/2 The..admission, we will not say by the anti-missionary controversialists themselves, but by the public at large, of the main points which Dr. Buchanan laboured to establish.
1893 A. West Hist. Methodism Alabama xx. 481 The Baptists then in that region were mostly anti-missionaries, who opposed Missionary Societies and Sunday-schools.
1911 Cent. Mag. Mar. 763/1 An anti-missionary British consul in western China was speaking to me of the trying climate of Szechuen.
1948 T. Morgan Hawaii vii. 116 Anti-missionaries lectured on the ‘unnatural habits of life’ inculcated by the missionaries.
2006 India Today (Nexis) 27 Feb. 82 The anti-missionary speeches..drew a sharp response from the Christian community.
anti-Mormon n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɔːmən/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɔrmən/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɔrmən/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɔrmən/
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1833 Boston Investigator 25 Oct. (signature of letter) Anti-Mormon.]
1833 Missouri Republican 15 Nov. (heading) The Mormons and the Anti-Mormons.
1838 Christian Secretary 23 Nov. An Anti-Mormon body of 2,500 men had assembled in Ray county, Missouri.
1991 Dispatch (Gilroy, California) 26 July d2/4 I prefer my anti-Mormons straight up.
2008 L. Woodworth-Ney Women Amer. West v. 157 Anti-Mormon legislation was accompanied by an onslaught of non-Mormon settlement to northern Utah.
anti-Tory n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈtɔːri/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtɔri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtɔri/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtɔri/
ΚΠ
1769 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 3 June (signature of letter) Anti-Tory.]
1818 Morning Post 13 Nov. Thus equipped he put forward this new Anti-Tory, Over bottles and glasses to babble.
1823 Republican 30 May 673 The Anti-Tory Society.
1892 Fortn. Rev. Oct. 514 The landed Whigs were among the most tenacious of the anti-Tories.
1931 H. Nicolson Diary 24 Nov. (1966) 97 At this, Cimmie, who is violently anti-Tory, screams loudly.
1992 Financial Times 11 Apr. 4/4 A Lib-Lab anti-Tory coalition.
anti-zealot n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈzɛlət/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈzɛlət/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈzɛlət/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈzɛlət/
ΚΠ
1702 in R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Wks. Index 1127/2 Zealots and Anti-zealots.
1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 91 What shou'd we say to one of these Anti-Zealots, who, in the Zeal of such a cool Philosophy, shou'd assure us [etc.].
1809 E. Blomfield Life Jesus Christ 584 The faction divided themselves into zealots and anti-zealots.
2000 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 18 Dec. 10 By temperament John Hirst is an anti-zealot.
(b)
(i) Prefixed to agent nouns, forming nouns with the sense ‘a person opposed to the action, practice, policy, etc., expressed by the verb implied by the second element’.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately.
ΚΠ
1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 520 The two parties were distinguished by the name of lifters and anti-lifters.
1846 Knickerbocker Jan. 79 The anti-hangers raged furiously against the hangers for their blood-thirstiness and non-obedience to the commandments.
1914 A. A. Milne Once a Week 299 It was Venables..who day after day had paraded London dressed in the costume of a brown dog, until arrested for biting an anti-vivisector in the leg.
1961 Financial Times 6 May 6/3 (headline) The anti-decimalisers counter attack.
1992 Independent 29 Sept. 13/3 The anti-screeners point out that the disease is predominantly a disease of old men.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Dec. 35/1 Emerson..was as great an anti-systematizer as Nietzsche.
(ii)
anti-cheater n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈtʃiːtə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtʃidər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtʃidər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtʃidər/
ΚΠ
1655 Chymical, Medicinal, & Chyrurg. Addr. 65 I have professed my self to be an Anti-cheator.
1968 M. A. Bouchard tr. J.-P. Schaller Our Emotions & Moral Act iv. 103 The anti-cheaters..are very numerous.
2000 alt.games.diablo 13 Aug. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 5 Jan. 2012) Fuck all those goody goody wimp ass anti cheaters.
anti-covenanter n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkʌv(ə)nəntə/
,
/ˌantɪˈkʌvn̩əntə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkəvənən(t)ər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkəvənən(t)ər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkəvənən(t)ər/
ΚΠ
1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 3 Dec. (1855) 120 To have the tymber maid worke..that perteinit to Mr. James Scott, ante-covenanter.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xiv. 138 How to be a Covnanter and Anticovnanter, how at once to be a Scot, and an Irish Rebell.
1873 D. Masson Drummond of Hawthornden xvii. 388 The Anti-Covenanters or Malignants are described, Hudibrastically.
2000 D. G. Mullan Sc. Puritanism, 1590–1638 ii. 75 David Mitchell of Garvock (later of Edinburgh, an anti-covenanter and a Restoration Bishop).
anti-innovator n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɪnəveɪtə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɪnəˌveɪdər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɪnəˌveɪdər/
ΚΠ
1798 B. D. Perkins Infl. Metallic Tractors 30 This subterfuge being exposed, a rational man would have conceived that those anti-innovators..would have effected the best retreat they could.
1826 R. Whately Elements Logic iii. 197 The strong hold of bigoted anti-innovators.
2004 T. R. Machan Putting Humans First iv. 108 The more we do, the more contempt we earn from the anti-innovators.
anti-reformer n.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈfɔːmə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈfɔrmər/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈfɔrmər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈfɔrmər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈfɔrmər/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈfɔrmər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈfɔrmər/
ΚΠ
1641 T. Ford Reformation Sure & Stedfast 17 Anti-reformers are sure of ruine.
1793 Leicester Herald 12 Jan. Whigs and Tories, Painites and Anti-Painites—Reformers and Anti-Reformers.
1831 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Dec. 479 English Bishops have been always anti-reformers.
2003 High Country News 23 June 6 We anti-reformers who favour Bad Government..were dubious.
anti-smoker n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsməʊkə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsmoʊkər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsmoʊkər/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsmoʊkər/
ΚΠ
1831 B. L. Love Apol. for Smokers 23 Let us now examine what the anti-smokers have to say against it, and, if possible, refute them.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 8/1 It has never been suggested that..a branch of a manufacturing tobacconist is more objectionable from the point of view of the anti-smoker than a shop owned by a private tradesman.
1992 Time 20 Jan. 61/1 Antismokers will be displeased to find that Davis also exalted smoking as a proper activity in a man's world.
c.
(a) Prefixed to (usually suffixed) nouns denoting a particular belief, standpoint, practice, etc., forming nouns with the sense ‘opposition or antagonism to, or disavowal of, what is denoted by the second element’. Also combined ad hoc with a word, name, or stem together with a suffix to form a noun with the sense ‘opposition or antagonism to, or scepticism regarding, what is expressed by the word, name, or stem, or the principles associated with it’; this is often the sense even where the second element is already an established word.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately.
ΚΠ
1683 W. Baxter (title) Anti-Dodwellisme, being two very curious tracts, formerly written by the renowned Hugo Grotius.
1841 ‘An Indian Officer’ Society in India I. x. 131 Besides the anti-mango-and-curry-ism, there is the broad-cloth school of notoriety.
1843 E. Miall in Nonconformist 3 446 The potentiality of antiturnpikeism is proclaimed.
1865 Churchman 14 Dec. 1405/2 Anti-pewism has come out against Protestantism.
1892 G. B. Shaw Let. 21 Apr. (1965) I. 337 C. S. [= Clement Scott]..is now the recognised leader of anti-Ibsenism.
1893 G. B. Shaw Let. 28 Apr. (1965) I. 393 Superstitious atheism—sensational anti-Goddity all over.
1900 Amer. Economist 2 Nov. 210/2 Anti-imperialism and anti-old gloryism have been made to appear so absurd that [etc.].
1907 W. James in Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 4 465 If that be my friend Pratt's definition of a pragmatist, I can only concur with his antipragmatism.
1920 Jrnl. Burma Res. Soc. 10 109/1 He has given a series of public lectures on Buddhism in Berlin which have had a remarkable success in that late stronghold of Anti-Yellow-Peril-ism.
1928 Times 5 May 10/2 The new anti-Wagnerism, expressing itself on the one hand in music which rejects his technical bases and on the other in the revived interest in the classics.
1993 Guardian 6 Nov. (Weekend Suppl.) 61/2 It's possible to go overboard with anti-saucism.
(b) With second elements ending in -ism.Formations in this sense are also often used as a modifier.
anti-alcoholism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈalkəhɒlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪˈalkəhəlɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈælkəˌhɔˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈælkəˌhɑˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈælkəˌhɔˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈælkəˌhɑˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1861 Med. Times & Gaz. 9 Nov. 482/1 We are likely to see the establishment of a new Medical sect, with Anti-alcoholism as their motto.
1886 Jrnl. Inebriety Apr. 81 The Austrian Anti-alcoholism Society tries to have the number of brandy-shops settled by authority in a strict and appropriate manner.
1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth 235 People were forbidden to drink spirits at the bistro and forced to buy them by the bottle, in the name of anti-alcoholism.
1994 N.Y. Times 21 Jan. d17/1 Beset by hallucinations, particularly in the form of a manic anti-alcoholism preacher on a skateboard.
anti-alienism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈeɪlɪənɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈeɪljəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈeɪliəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈeɪljəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈeɪliəˌnɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1892 A. White Destitute Alien in Great Brit. Introd. 2 The consequent alliance of those forces of ignorance and of strength..are producing much the same effects as the anti-alienism of the United States.
1960 L. P. Gartner Jewish Immigrant in Eng. ii. 28 Stirrings of anti-alienism or anti-Semitism were seldom underestimated.
2000 Hist. Today Nov. 17/2 Ramsay MacDonald..led attacks on restriction and anti-alienism.
anti-anthropomorphism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪanθrəpəˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌænθrəpəˈmɔrˌfɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌænθrəpəˈmɔrˌfɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1846 S. Coleridge Let. 24 Dec. in Mem. & Lett. (1873) II. ii. 91 For other such anti-anthropomorphisms my father has been set a mark against.
2009 Z. A. Shah Astronom. Calculations & Ramadan i. 26 His anti-anthropomorphism can be seen in his strong opposition to any anthropomorphic description of the Qur'anic phrases that apparently describe Allah in human terms.
anti-atheism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈeɪθɪɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈeɪθiˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈeɪθiˌɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1834 N.Y. Christian Messenger 26 July 309/3 (heading) Anti-atheism.
1855 I. Taylor Restoration of Belief iii. 257 We want to see what can be done in making good a scheme of anti-christian anti-atheism, by men who have that modesty and self-respect which inspires respect for an opponent.
1975 Florida Hist. Q. 54 169 Anti-evolutionists in the legislature had failed to obtain the passage of even the ‘anti-atheism’ bill.
2008 USA Today (Nexis) 17 Nov. 15 a Anti-atheism might have found its ugliest public expression during an episode in the Illinois Legislature this spring.
anti-Bolshevism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbɒlʃᵻvɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈboʊlʃəˌvɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈboʊlʃəˌvɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈboʊlʃəˌvɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1918 Times of India 13 May 8/1 (heading) Anti-Bolshevism in Siberia.
2009 Time Out (Nexis) 10 Sept. 66 Ophuls seeks reasons for collaboration and submission to Nazi rule..and the answers range from anti-Bolshevism to simple self-preservation.
anti-colonialism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪkəˈləʊnɪəlɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikəˈloʊnjəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)ikəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkəˈloʊnjəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkəˈloʊnjəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1874 St. J. Corbet Separation i, in Quiver: Bent Bow Christmas Issue 41/1 She showed no signs..of anti-colonialism; she wearied nobody with silly regrets.
1955 Ann. Reg. 1954 97 This cloud was the advent of the ‘quit Africa’ policy of anti-colonialism.
1970 Jet 12 Nov. 45/1 A group of Asian, African and Latin American nations successfully proposed an anti-colonialism program to the United Nations.
2001 V. Prashad Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting ii. 37 Anticolonialism in the entire oppressed world threw down a severe challenge to colonial puissance.
anti-Darwinism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdɑːwᵻnɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdɑrwəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdɑrwəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdɑrwəˌnɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1869 J. M'Cann (title) Anti-Darwinism.
1870 Nature 14 Apr. 606/1 There is a still more amazing statement put forward in this appendix by the champion of Anti-Darwinism.
2007 N. C. Comfort Panda's Black Box i. 9 Only vestiges of creationism remain in the public case for anti-Darwinism.
anti-egotism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈiːɡətɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪˈɛɡətɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈiɡəˌtɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈiɡoʊˌtɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈiɡəˌtɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈiɡoʊˌtɪzəm/
In quot. 1822 as the pseudonym of a correspondent to a journal.
ΚΠ
1822 Monthly Gaz. Health Mar. To Correspondents The Editor does not agree with ‘Anti-egotism’, that the ‘Verbose Medicine’ of Dr. James Johnson is unworthy of his notice.
1827 Monthly Mag. Sept. 244 There was in his talk a guardedness on every topic pointing to himself—an anti-egotism—which evinced his wish to preserve the incognito.
1982 A. Habegger Gender, Fantasy, & Realism Amer. Lit. xi. 108 The anti-egotism James got from his father enabled him to study the romantic agony of a Roderick Hudson or the suicidal transcendentalism of the Bostonians.
anti-elitism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪᵻˈliːtɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪeɪˈliːtɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iəˈliˌdɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌeɪˈliˌdɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)iiˈliˌdɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪəˈliˌdɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌeɪˈliˌdɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪiˈliˌdɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1959 in M. J. Vincent & J. Mayers New Found. Industr. Sociol. xxii. 252 A view of anti-elitism is necessary to round out the theory of the elite.
1977 J. Simon in Esquire Oct. 68/2 Ignorance..will be upheld on the still more sacred grounds of antiracism and antielitism.
1990 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 148/1 The blatantly tacky anti-elitism of Roseanne, Married..with Children, and The Simpsons.
anti-foreignism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfɒrᵻnɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪˈfɒrn̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfɔrəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈfɑrəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfɔrəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfɑrəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfɔrəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfɑrəˌnɪzəm/
[ < anti- prefix + foreign adj. + -ism suffix; compare foreignism n. 2]
ΚΠ
1856 B. J. Sage in J. B. Sanderson Republican Landmarks xlii. 363 All the votes we have received, would have been ours, on the ground of anti-foreignism, while we have lost thousands every where, on the ground of anti-Catholicism.
1926 Brit. Weekly 18 Nov. 203/2 The bloodshed of May 30 in Shanghai carried anti-foreignism to fever heat throughout the country.
2002 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 35 367 Hostetler cites..the anti-foreignism that resulted from growing Western economic and diplomatic pressure as reasons for suspicion about Western technology.
anti-Germanism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdʒəːmənɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdʒərməˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdʒərməˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdʒərməˌnɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1759 Let. from Duchess of M—r—gh, in the Shades 16 Then was the time for you to plume yourself upon your late high-sounded anti-Germanism.
1847 ‘Verax’ Abuses National Gallery 83 Mr. Coningham, I am told, glories in anti-Germanism.
1910 Daily Chron. 9 Apr. 1/3 For Great Britain anti-Germanism is not merely a matter of ill-temper..nor even of dogma, but a view of world affairs which has grown up on historical and religious grounds.
2003 Foreign Affairs May 168/2 Since 1870, the Germans have thrice soundly whipped the French militarily. So why not French anti-Germanism?
† anti-ghostism n. [ < anti- prefix + ghost n. + -ism suffix; compare ghostism n.] Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) II. 213 Hume..could not but have had faith in this Ghost.., let his anti-ghostism have been as strong as Samson.
anti-historicism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪhɪˈstɒrᵻsɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ihɪˈstɔrəˌsɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪhɪˈstɔrəˌsɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əhɪˈstɔrəˌsɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1910 Bible Student & Teacher Oct. 162/2 How utterly groundless is this anti-historicism, since it fails so conspicuously to justify itself in the hands of one of its ablest and most attractive advocates.
1943 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 4 431 The anti-historicism of Descartes and Malebranche expresses itself also in the fact that they failed to realize another essential aspect of history, namely, its social and cumulative character.
2003 D. Lightfoot in R. Hickey Motives Lang. Change vii. 103 There was a virulent anti-historicism in the writing of structuralists Franz Boas, Leonard Bloomfield and Edward Sapir.
anti-humanism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhjuːmənɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhjuməˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈhjuməˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈhjuməˌnɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1866 Radical Sept. 36 We do not libel this at once for what it seems, the coldest anti-humanism.
1964 I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 38 An opportunity fudged by the anti-humanism of its sociological assumptions.
2008 B. Elling Rationality & Environment ii. 50 Nietzsche's anti-humanism lies in the fact that he does not see reason as being other than the outcome of the will to power.
anti-Japanism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪdʒəˈpanɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)idʒəˈpæˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪdʒəˈpæˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)ədʒəˈpæˌnɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1907 N.Y. Times 19 Dec. 1/5 Our only fear is that the dispatch of the fleet may encourage anti-Japanism on the Pacific Coast.
1938 Times 20 Jan. 12/1 Japan prepared to destroy the Kuomintang and its armed forces, the hotbed of anti-Japanism.
2012 S. Garon Beyond our Means x. 296 Even after independence, despite official anti-Japanism, Korean elites continued to study Japanese policies.
anti-liberalism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlɪb(ə)rəlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪˈlɪb(ə)rl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlɪb(ə)rəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈlɪb(ə)rəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈlɪb(ə)rəˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1822 Brit. Monitor 7 Apr. 8984/2 Russia may and will eventually introduce anti-Liberalism in the civilized States of Europe.
1926 J. H. Leckie Secession Memories iv. 114 He must sometimes have taught Relief liberality as illiberally as Gib did the anti-liberalism of the Antiburghers.
1992 Raritan Summer 55 Brotherhood..is, like authority, closely tied to military discipline and, consequently, strongly imbued with antiliberalism.
anti-mentalism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɛntl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɛn(t)lˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɛn(t)lˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmɛn(t)lˌɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1924 Jrnl. Relig. 4 353 The essence of idealism is not mentalism, nor does anti-mentalism imply freedom from the idealistic motive.
1964 Language 40 124 Bloomfield's own version of Bloomfieldian antimentalism is taken as my point of departure.
2000 C. Roy in A. Vandevelde Gifts & Interests iii. 169 The anti-mentalism of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Gilbert Ryle.
anti-militarism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɪlᵻtərɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɪlədəˌrɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɪlədəˌrɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmɪlədəˌrɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1888 Reynolds's Newspaper 18 Mar. 3/4 The relationship of the Empress to Queen Victoria, and the well-known Liberalism and anti-militarism of her husband.
1906 J. Joyce Let. 19 Aug. (1966) II. 151 He was ridiculing..antimilitarism.
1913 Life 14 Aug. 274/2 An anti-militarism tract in the form of a soldier's diary.
2000 P. Steiner Deserts of Bohemia i. 30 At the First Congress of Soviet Writers in 1934..Borin elevated Švejk to a symbol of anti-militarism.
anti-modernism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɒdn̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɑdərˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɑdərˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmɑdərˌnɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1874 Southern Rev. July 2 They are the depositaries of Bourbonism and anti-modernism in general.
1918 M. D. Petre Modernism ix. 188 The character of anti-modernism is more easily defined than that of its opposite.
1989 Lit. Rev. Aug. 40/2 They were contemporaries at their Oxford college who..both brandished a certain crusty anti-modernism.
anti-moralism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɒrəlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪˈmɒrl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɔrəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɔrəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmɔrəˌlɪzəm/
[compare German Antimoralismus (1800 or earlier), Antimoralism (1822 or earlier)]
ΚΠ
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) I. 349 The antimoralism of Paley.
1851 S. Coleridge Mem. & Lett. II. 434 The irrationality and antimoralism..involved in the popular religion.
1921 G. Turquet-Milnes Some Mod. French Writers 151 Anatole France..fell into the ironical state of mind of a Swift and arrived at absolute antimoralism.
2011 Irish Independent (Nexis) 14 Jan. The dogma of anti-moralism is actually harming women because no woman can really believe it is an ideal thing to have to resort either to the morning-after pill or worse, to an abortion.
anti-Negroism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈniːɡrəʊɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈniɡroʊˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈniɡroʊˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈniɡroʊˌɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1835 Eclectic Rev. Dec. 437 This exposure of the true character of American Slavery and Anti-negroism.
1863 Notes & Queries 3 Oct. 264/1 With veritable Northern anti-negroism.
1996 Ebony Feb. 42/1 The arrival of 5 million White immigrants..led to virulent anti-Negroism on at least two levels.
anti-nominalism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈnɒmᵻnl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈnɑmənəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈnɑmənəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈnɑmənəˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1897 W. James Let. 22 Dec. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) II. 419 What I should like is anti-nominalism categories.
1960 Encounter Mar. 41/1 The two lines of anti-nominalism meet..in French existentialism.
2007 R. P. Mullin Soul Classical Amer. Philos. 123 The relationship between Peirce's pragmatism and his antinominalism can be seen in his early thinking.
anti-professionalism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪprəˈfɛʃn̩l̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪprəˈfɛʃnəlɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iprəˈfɛʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪprəˈfɛʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əprəˈfɛʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1896 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 18 Apr. 3/4 Amongst the older and more distinguished players who have been found in the [Sheffield] Wednesday ranks in the days of anti-professionalism are [etc.].
1973 ABA Jrnl. Oct. 1167/1 The broadspread anti-intellectualism and antiprofessionalism of eighteenth century America.
2010 S. Rogowski Social Work v. 116 Anti-professionalism became a key feature of social work during the 1970s.
anti-revolutionism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪrɛvəˈluːʃn̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪrɛvəˈljuːʃn̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɪzəm/
[ < anti- prefix + revolution n. + -ism suffix; compare slightly later revolutionism n. 2]
ΚΠ
1794 R. Heron Information Powers at War i. 43 The fate of Lyons, and the other seats of Anti-Revolutionism..struck terrour into the hearts of those who had not yet risen against the Republic.
1849 G. L. Craik Pict. Hist. Eng. VII. i. 75/1 He declared that the guard was rotten with aristocracy and anti-revolutionism, and that liberty and equality could not be safe until it was disbanded.
1930 L. Fischer Soviets in World Affairs II. xvii. 535 The elements of his credo were monarchy, anti-revolutionism and anti-Westernism.
2005 L. Bowling Shapers of Great Deb. 149 His own hard-earned philosophy of free enterprise, antirevolutionism..and a rock-solid Catholic faith.
anti-scepticism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈskɛptᵻsɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈskɛptəˌsɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈskɛptəˌsɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈskɛptəˌsɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1702 H. Lee (title) Anti-scepticism: or, notes upon each chapter of Mr. Lock's Essay concerning Humane Understanding.
1895 Calif. Educ. Rev. June 2 The anti-skepticism of the Scottish school.
2009 H. Bauer & E. Brighi Pragmatism in Internat. Relations 8 Festenstein reviews pragmatism in terms of its commitment to holism, fallibilism, antiscepticism and the primacy of practice.
antiscientism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsʌɪəntɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsaɪənˌtɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsaɪənˌtɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsaɪənˌtɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1894 National Observer 2 June 78/1 The anti-scientism which rouses the choler of the Darwinian.
1919 C. G. Shaw Ground & Goal of Human Life 86 His irrationalism has assumed the form of anti-scientism, his immoralism appears in the guise of anti-social ethics.
1994 R. Silverberg Hot Sky at Midnight 63 The pure reactionary trip, the complete know-nothing antiscientism, absolutely medieval.
anti-sensationalism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪs(ɛ)nˈseɪʃn̩l̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪs(ɛ)nˈseɪʃnəlɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1846 J. D. Morell Hist. & Crit. View Speculative Philos. II. vii. 289 With the anti-sensationalism of the author we fully coincide.
1867 Morning Post 13 June 3/4 The former [sc. points of resemblance to Mrs. Gaskell] consist in..the absence of all straining after effect, the anti-sensationalism of her style, [etc.].
1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe vii. 277 To say nothing of your traditional Oxford devotion to Aristotle and Plato, the leaven of T. H. Green probably works still too strongly here for his anti-sensationalism to be outgrown quickly.
2009 Guardian (Nexis) 24 Dec. 11 As an exercise in quiet compassion and anti-sensationalism, Wallander is as good as modern crime drama gets.
anti-sexism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsɛksɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsɛkˌsɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsɛkˌsɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsɛkˌsɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1972 Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Advance-Titan 13 Apr. 15/2 People are only paying lip service to anti-racism and anti-sexism.
1986 Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 20 July 10 Anti-sexism..in this case seems to mean hostility to anything which a lot of boys do together.
2007 G. Thomas Sexual Demon of Colonial Power vi. 152 Her point was that he should radicalize his militancy with anti-sexism.
antislaveryism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsleɪv(ə)rɪɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsleɪv(ə)riˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsleɪv(ə)riˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsleɪv(ə)riˌɪzəm/
[ < anti- prefix + slavery n. + -ism suffix]
ΚΠ
1833 United Service Jrnl. Sept. 27 In these vehicles of communication [sc. the English newspapers] they read the fierce sentiments of anti-slaveryism.
1863 E. Dicey Six Months in Federal States II. 188 Moderate anti-slaveryism is obviously the correct thing.
1905 J. F. Hume Abolitionists 159 The issue between Pro-Slaveryism and Anti-Slaveryism came up.
2006 H. A. Snyder Populist Saints xix. 369 Hosmer's outspoken ‘antislaveryism’ was very evident at the 1856 Methodist General Conference.
anti-statism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsteɪtɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsteɪdˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsteɪdˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsteɪdˌɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1907 Internat. Socialist Rev. July 38 Marx's anti-state-ism..seems to me happily expressed in this phrase from ‘The Civil War in France’.
1920 S. S. Koteliansky & L. Woolf tr. M. Gorky Reminisc. Tolstoi 37 What is called Tolstoi's ‘anarchism’..expresses our Slav anti-stateism, which..is really a national characteristic and desire..to scatter nomadically.
1993 Harper's Mag. May 20/2 The right—which in recent years has been attracted to anti-statism—would oppose these measures in the name of privacy.
anti-supernaturalism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪsuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪsjuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪsuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌantɪsjuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rəˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1808 Christian Observer Jan. 17/2 Somewhere a Clarke might have instituted his Arianism; yonder a Middleton his Anti-supernaturalism.
1918 Christian Reg. 14 Feb. 151/2 Ever since Emerson's day the community has been exposed to the virus of anti-supernaturalism.
2006 R. Hanna Rationality & Logic i. 13 Logical cognitivism explicitly accepts anti-supernaturalism.
anti-teetotalism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪtiːˈtəʊtl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtiˌtoʊdlˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtiˌtoʊdlˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtiˌtoʊdlˌɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1838 Penny Satirist 6 Oct. 1/2 He stumbled over a fellow who was lying in a blessed state of anti-teetotalism in the middle of the carriage-way.
1856 W. H. Smyth Descr. Catal. Roman Family Coins 191 The anti-teetotalism of this stern reprover of others.
1965 B. Mansfield Austral. Democrat ii. 44 All the themes of O'Sullivan's political career in the 1880s are given a first statement in his speeches in West Sydney in 1882: political democracy, anti-teetotalism, trades unionism, [etc.].
anti-vivisectionism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪvɪvᵻˈsɛkʃn̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃəˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌvɪvəˈsɛkʃəˌnɪzəm/
[ < anti- prefix + vivisection n. + -ism suffix]
ΚΠ
1877 Q. Jrnl. Sci. Apr. 159 We should have nothing against the sportsman if he would only do two things:—first, eschew anti-vivisectionism; and, secondly, make better use of his splendid opportunities for the study of animated nature.
1947 J. Huxley Unesco ii. 37 Unscientific or anti-scientific movements, such as antivivisectionism.
1990 Sci. Amer. June 8/3 The vanguard of antivivisectionism has surrounded itself with right-minded people who wish to be kind.
anti-Wagnerism n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈvɑːɡnərɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈvɑɡnəˌrɪzəm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈvɑɡnəˌrɪzəm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈvɑɡnəˌrɪzəm/
(c) With second elements not ending in -ism.See also sense 3a(b) for some similar uses where use as a corresponding adjective is attested earlier than a noun use.
anti-bibliolatry n.
Brit. /ˌantɪbɪblɪˈɒlətri/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌbɪbliˈɑlətri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌbɪbliˈɑlətri/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌbɪbliˈɑlətri/
ΚΠ
1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 156 Charged with popish principles on account of their Anti-bibliolatry.
a1897 W. C. Lake in Memorials (1901) ii. 24 Somewhat scandalizing his more devout pupils..by a reckless anti-bibliolatry.
1991 Victorian Stud. 34 325 To chart Meredith's anti-Bibliolatry across four novels of his most productive years.
anti-nationalization n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪnaʃn̩l̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌantɪnaʃnəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌnæʃ(ə)nəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌnæʃ(ə)nələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌnæʃ(ə)nəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌnæʃ(ə)nələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌnæʃ(ə)nəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌnæʃ(ə)nələˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1862 Examiner 22 Feb. 113/3 Seventy years of fraud and force have obliterated no trace of the original injustice, and have facilitated in no respect projects of anti-nationalisation.
1919 Manch. Guardian 9 May 4/4 What the anti-nationalisation members of the Commission failed to make clear was that national ownership was..less efficient than other forms of large-scale operation.
1990 Sunday Times 14 Oct. iii. 6/2 The modern Labour party—dominated by public relations, pro-free market, anti-nationalisation—may yet prove to be Margaret Thatcher's most enduring legacy to the nation.
anti-popery n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈpəʊp(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈpoʊp(ə)ri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈpoʊp(ə)ri/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈpoʊp(ə)ri/
ΚΠ
1679 R. L'Estrange Case put, Succession Duke of York 37 'Tis but the Rubbing of a Libel with a little Anti-Popery, to give it the Popular smack.
1714 Examiner 14 June [He] is at last fallen into the lowest Quackery of the Quill, and Trades altogether in Anti-Popery.
1823 Morning Chron. 26 Apr. The punch-drinking Duke of Richmond—his [sc. the King's] Anti-Popery Secretary.
1902 Nation (N.Y.) 30 Oct. 350/3 Interwoven in its warp and woof are allusions to the Bible.., and as many to anti-popery, anti-masonry, and anti-deism.
1960 C. Beals Brass-knuckle Crusade iii. 56 He was invariably asked to give an anti-Popery sermon at each meeting of the National Presbyterian Assembly.
2003 R. Paulson Hogarth's Harlot ii. 52 A group of communities..with a basic Protestant antipopery and anti-priestcraft at its center.
d.
(a) Forming adjectives with the sense ‘that inhibits, limits, or counteracts an action, process, condition, etc., denoted or implied by the second element, or the undesirable effects produced by this’, and hence also forming homographic nouns to denote an agent, device, product, etc., having such an inhibiting, limiting, etc., effect. Also rarely forming verbs relating to such adjectives and nouns: see anticoagulate v.
(i) With suffixed adjectives formed on or corresponding to a noun denoting an action, process, condition, effect, etc.Used particularly with reference to the treatment of disease. See also antibiotic adj. and n., anti-coagulant n., anti-convulsant n., anti-oxidant n., antipruritic adj., etc.
anti-allergenic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪaləˈdʒɛnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌælərˈdʒɛnɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌælərˈdʒɛnɪk/
ΚΠ
1937 Hahnemannian Monthly Sept. 764 Anti-allergenic foods relieve the pain and reduce the gastric acidity (according to the author) just as do belladonna and the alkalies, a diet of compatible foods giving complete relief, freeing the patient from medication, interval feedings and hospitalization.
1985 J. Graedon & T. Graedon New People's Pharmacy ix. 346 The prescription-only drug Benadryl (diphenhydramine) was, and still is, one of the most frequently prescribed antiallergenics for hives and hay fever.
2009 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 Aug. 290/1 Antihistamines are widely recommended in anaphylaxis for their anti-allergenic properties.
anti-corrosive adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪkəˈrəʊsɪv/
,
/ˌantɪkəˈrəʊzɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikəˈroʊsɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)ikəˈroʊzɪv/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkəˈroʊsɪv/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkəˈroʊzɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkəˈroʊsɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkəˈroʊzɪv/
ΚΠ
1815 Times 24 Feb. (advt.) Cheap impenetrable anti-corrosive paint, patronised by the Society of Arts.
1818 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 507/2 The iron-work and ornaments being coated over with an anticorrosive of a stone colour, would be rendered indestructible for ages.
1908 R. S. Ball Nat. Sources of Power vii. 142 All parts of the turbine and supports which are exposed to the action of the water are to receive two coats of anti-corrosive paint.
1975 Pop. Mech. July 99/2 The factories leave it to local dealers in high-rust areas to spray in anti-corrosives as the market demands.
2002 J. C. Payne Motorboat Electr. & Electronics Man. i. 7 Anti-corrosive additives are used to protect the injection system.
antidiarrheal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪdʌɪəˈriːə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌdaɪəˈriəl/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌdaɪəˈriəl/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌdaɪəˈriəl/
ΚΠ
1835 London Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 25 Apr. 396/2 Antidiarrhœal Enema.
1957 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 7 May tm12/1 Entero-Vioform... For antidiarrheal agent.
1972 Tijdschr. Voor Gastro-Enterol. 15 337 Difenoxine is the active metabolite of diphenoxylate, a safe and widely used antidiarrhoeal.
2006 Wellness Options 15 Aug. 30/3 Diarrhea in IBS [= irritable bowel syndrome] may be alleviated with the use of an antidiarrheal drug.
antifermentative adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪfəˈmɛntətɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ifərˈmɛn(t)ədɪv/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪfərˈmɛn(t)ədɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)əfərˈmɛn(t)ədɪv/
ΚΠ
?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. sig. M3v The Fumes of burning Sulphur have a great anti-fermentative, anti-corruptive, or preservative Power upon vegetable juices.
1889 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 98 494 She has improved much by regulation of diet, exercise, and the administration of alkalies and antifermentatives.
2008 S. Sandoval in M. M. Tighe & M. Brown Mosby's Comprehensive Rev. Vet. Technicians (ed. 3) xxv. 476/2 Antifermentative and antifrothing agents are usually administered.
antiflatulent adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈflatjᵿlənt/
,
/ˌantɪˈflatʃᵿlənt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈflætʃələnt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈflætʃələnt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈflætʃələnt/
ΚΠ
1792 J. Hamilton Culpeper's Eng. Family Physician (rev. ed.) II. Index to Herbal 361 Masterwort. The root; anti-flatulent, stomachic, deobstruent.
1888 Lancet 24 Mar. 567/2 Had the woman been able to get rid of the wind by belching, either with or without the aid of an anti-flatulent, she might have outlived the temporary attack of cardiac dyspnœa.
2005 J. M. Wible Pharmacol. Massage Therapy ix. 136 A major antiflatulent drug currently in use is simethicone.
antihaemorrhoidal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪhɛməˈrɔɪdl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌhɛm(ə)ˈrɔɪd(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌhɛm(ə)ˈrɔɪd(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhɛm(ə)ˈrɔɪd(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1792 J. Trapp tr. A. Rochon Voy. Madagascar 359 Uvang-biri. A parasite plant bearing large square pods, the seeds of which are anti-hemorrhoidal [Fr. anti-hémorrhoïdale].
1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. v. 153 The Antihæmorrhoidal ointment of Cullen.
1945 Foreign Commerce Weekly 23 June 22/1 Fifth category:..antihemorrhoidals; embolics and emmenagogues [etc.].
2006 G. Colucci et al. in G. G. Delaini Inflammatory Bowel Dis. & Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 137/1 Loperamide, an antihemorrhoidal drug frequently used by patients with IBD [= inflammatory bowel disease], must be taken cautiously and exclusively by patients where probable benefits are higher than the risks.
antihectic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhɛktɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhɛktɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈhɛktɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈhɛktɪk/
[compare post-classical Latin antihecticus (1645 or earlier)] now historical and rare Quot. 1658 shows an earlier use of antihectical in the same sense; cf. hectical adj.
ΚΠ
1658 G. Starkey Pyrotechny 30 Out of Hellebore may be made a noble specifick against the Gout..and out of Myrrh, Aloes, and Saffron, an excellent Antihectical medicine.]
1670 G. Harvey Little Venus Unmask'd (ed. 2) 159 After ten daies continuance of this Anti-hectick broath, it's requisite to add two ounces of excellent new Sarsaparil, or..the like quantitie of Burdock roots.
1753 R. Colborne Plain Eng. Dispensatory 277/2 Take Poterius's Antihectic, half an Ounce.
1989 B. Ayoub tr. J. Wolff Sci. Cancerous Dis. ii. 72 The most important was to provoke a change and particularly to cure the scrofula. Externally, lime water and chloride of lime were used; internally, the scrophular and antihectic powder.
antihydrophobic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪhʌɪdrəˈfəʊbɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌhaɪdrəˈfoʊbɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌhaɪdrəˈfoʊbɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌhaɪdrəˈfoʊbɪk/
now chiefly historical and rare
ΚΠ
1791 Med. Commentaries for1790 Decade 2nd 5 126 He concludes, that these animals will probably be found to afford an excellent vermifuge, an antihydrophobic remedy, and a specific against the venereal disease.
1889 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 8 June 1272/2 In July, 1885, the boy Meister, terribly bitten by a rabid dog, was the first to undergo the anti-hydrophobic inoculation.
1960 Geogr. Rev. 50 19 For a generation or more it continued to be used as a leading antihydrophobic before it was at last proved ineffective.
anti-infective adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪɪnˈfɛktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iᵻnˈfɛktɪv/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪᵻnˈfɛktɪv/
ΚΠ
1841 R. Thomson Myst. Old St. Paul's iii. 18 Lawrence, taking it for a kindly farewell, grasped it, but immediately found his hands full of strong scented anti-infective lozenges, plague-drops, and healthy-root.
1899 Eng. Mech. & World of Sci. 8 Dec. 380/2 The address of the president of the Royal Society (Lord Lister) had reference chiefly to the modern systems of dealing with infectious diseases, by inoculation of ‘anti-toxins’ and ‘anti-infectives’.
1967 Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 1966 444/1 The experimental animal model employed in these studies is suitable for the evaluation of potential urinary-tract anti-infectives.
2010 W. Trevathan Anc. Bodies, Mod. Lives vi. 114 The anti-infective properties of vernix are equally important in hospital births where it may protect babies from hospital-acquired infections.
antimaniacal adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪməˈnʌɪəkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əməˈnaɪək(ə)l/
now chiefly historical
ΚΠ
1751 R. Russell Let. to Mr. T. Bigg 47 This plainly shews the use of Antimaniacal remedies, not only when a person is actually in a state of Insanity, but likewise when he is intirely free from it; to prevent its return, and to brighten the wit and understanding during a lucid interval.
2014 P. B. Mitchell & D. Hadzi-Pavlovic in S. Bloch et al. Psychiatry xviii. 337 Another commonly employed sedative was camphor. Its use as an antimaniacal remedy was first recorded by Kinnear in 1758.
antimelancholic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪmɛlənˈkɒlɪk/
,
/ˌantɪmɛləŋˈkɒlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmɛlənˈkɑlɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmɛlənˈkɑlɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmɛlənˈkɑlɪk/
ΚΠ
1704 tr. G. Baglivi Pract. Physick i. xiv. 184 For the Remedies in the Apothecaries Shops, that go by the Name of Exhilarating, Antimelancholick [L. antimelancolica], Comforters of the Heart and Memory, Whets for the Genius, &c. are rather invented to favour the Pomp of the Art, than to dispel the bitter Cares of the Mind, or to rouze a drooping Spirit.
1877 R. Hughes Man. Therapeutics (ed. 2) i. xiii. 181 Aurum..is also a well-known anti-melancholic.
1998 New Eng. Q. 71 268 One drug that would soon be hailed (erroneously, it would be discovered) as an effective anti-melancholic, cocaine, had only just made its appearance in the United States.
2007 C. M. Swartz & E. Shorter Psychotic Depression 275 It [sc. bupropion] is a first choice antimelancholic drug for males over age 40 who have no seizure risk.
antimicrobic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪmʌɪˈkrəʊbɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmaɪˈkroʊbɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmaɪˈkroʊbɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmaɪˈkroʊbɪk/
ΚΠ
1883 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 15 Sept. 299/2 MM. Audrien and Raoul Bravais presented a communication upon ‘Anti-microbic Medication’; under the name of ‘anti-epidemic granules’, they presented some pills composed of ‘monosulphure de magnésium anhydre’. These they claimed, when taken in proper doses, would remove the susceptibility to infectious disease.
1963 Sarasota (Florida) Herald-Tribune 22 Mar. 4/3 Dr. Hobart A. Reimann..complained of what he termed indiscriminate use of antimicrobics such as penicillin.
2001 Environmental Health Perspectives 109 893/1 It [sc. garlic] has been used empirically as a vermifuge, antiseptic, antimicrobic, antipyretic, and analgesic.
antimutagenic n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪmjuːtəˈdʒɛnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌmjudəˈdʒɛnɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌmjudəˈdʒɛnɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌmjudəˈdʒɛnɪk/
ΚΠ
1953 Sci. News Let. 20 June 375/2 Second answer to the problem will come when scientists can develop a new kind of antibiotic, which Dr. Bryson called an antimutagenic.
1963 Biochem. & Biophysical Res. Communications 13 93 Intercalation can reasonably be expected to be responsible for the antimutagenic action of A0 reported here.
2013 U. Bhattacharya & A. K. Giri in V. R. Preedy Tea in Health & Dis. Prevention xlv. 544 The radical-scavenging action of catechins may indeed contribute to the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of green tea.
antineuritic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪnjᵿˈrɪtɪk/
,
/ˌantɪnjʊəˈrɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)in(j)ʊˈrɪdɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪn(j)ʊˈrɪdɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)ən(j)ʊˈrɪdɪk/
now chiefly historical
ΚΠ
1878 Practitioner Sept. 212 The general result of the observations made by these authors was to show that copper possessed a well-marked anti-neuralgic and anti-neuritic action, and that it was capable of modifying various conditions of innervation.
1916 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 23 Dec. 1931/1 These substances, which act as antineuritics and antiscorbutics, Funk has designated as ‘vitamins’, and the diseases which arise from their lack as deficiency diseases or ‘avitaminoses’.
2009 D. J. Lanska in S. Finger et al. Hist. Neurol. xxx. 448/1 Grijns tested other foods and discovered that both mung beans and ‘pigeon peas’ had antineuritic properties.
antiphylloxeric adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˌfɪlɒkˈsɪərɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌfɪləkˈsɪrɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌfɪləkˈsɛrɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌfɪləkˈsɪrɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌfɪləkˈsɛrɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌfɪləkˈsɪrɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌfɪləkˈsɛrɪk/
[ < anti- prefix + phylloxera n. + -ic suffix, after French antiphylloxerique (1873 or earlier)] now rare
ΚΠ
1874 Commissioners of Patents' Jrnl. 28 Aug. 2309/1 Lecherpin, of Paris, for ‘Insecticide and antiphylloxeric manure.’—Dated 28th January, 1874.
2020 J. Berković tr. J. Sokolić & N. Starc in tr. N. Starc Notion Near Islands xi. 256 The sandy soil on which the vines had thrived for centuries proved too acidic for the pest and even came to be known as antiphylloxeric soil.
antiplethoric adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈplɛθ(ə)rɪk/
,
/ˌantɪplɛˈθɒrɪk/
,
/ˌantɪplᵻˈθɒrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈplɛθərɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)ipləˈθɔrɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈplɛθərɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪpləˈθɔrɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈplɛθərɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əpləˈθɔrɪk/
now rare
ΚΠ
1744 Westm. Jrnl. 4 Feb. 1/1 The next Nostrum, Gentlemen, I here shew you, is entirely for your own Use and Benefit. I call it my cathartic antiplethoric Pills. It is one of the oldest Prescriptions in the whole Dispensatory.
1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 189 The action of sulphate of Magnesia is..decidedly antiplethoric and antiphlogistic.
1988 F. M. Tappan Healing Massage Techniques (ed. 2) xxx. 294 To the casual observer, the manual techniques even resemble the antiplethoric manipulations of classical massage.
anti-putrefactive adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪpjuːtrᵻˈfaktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌpjutrəˈfæktɪv/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌpjutrəˈfæktɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌpjutrəˈfæktɪv/
ΚΠ
1789 Argus 18 Nov. (advt.) Dr. Freeman earnestly recommends his hermetic, antiscorbutic, deobstruent, and antiputrifactive pills.
1819 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. 430 Sugar, alcohol, volatile oils, and many other substances also stand in the list of anti-putrifactives.
1914 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 28 374/2 As the end products in yeast life are the nascent lactic and succinic acids and alcohol, we have very potent anti-putrefactives.
1995 D. F. N. Harrison Anat. & Physiol. Mammalian Larynx i. 11 Only spirit of wine possessed adequate anti-putrefactive powers for long-term storage [of anatomical specimens].
anti-putrescent adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪpjuːˈtrɛsnt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌpjuˈtrɛs(ə)nt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌpjuˈtrɛs(ə)nt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌpjuˈtrɛs(ə)nt/
ΚΠ
1750 J. Huxham Ess. on Small-pox ii, in Ess. on Fevers 212 Here..some anti-putrescent pectoral Medicines are necessary.
1777 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 15 July (1778) I am in hopes that it will act as an antiputrescent, and preserve it from mould and must.
1875 in J. Coleman Cattle Great Brit. iv. 47 Sulphurous acid..acts as an anti-putrescent by its affinity for oxygen, absorbing that gas and preventing other bodies combining with it.
1996 B. W. Edginton Charles Waterton viii. 63 He soaked his skins in a solution of bichloride of mercury and alcohol, which..made them anti-putrescent.
antiquartan n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkwɔːtn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkwɔrtn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkwɔrtn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkwɔrtn/
now historical and rare
ΚΠ
1686 tr. J. Doläus Systema Medicinale iv. ix. 164 Riverius his Antiquartan [L. Riverii antiquart.] was made of Antimony and Mercury.
1892 Trans. Coll. Physicians Philadelphia 14 3 I determined to prescribe for its cure the anti-quartan mixture of Cotunnio, which I had long used for quartan fevers, and always with entire success.
1993 S. Jarcho & F. Torti Quinine's Predecessor 80 In 1663, one Christophorus Rothmann, whose fame, like that of his professor Paulus Ammann, does not overburden the annals of our art, produced a thesis on what he called ‘the Peruvian antiquartan’.
anti-recessionary adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈsɛʃn̩(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈsɛʃəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈsɛʃəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈsɛʃəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈsɛʃəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈsɛʃəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈsɛʃəˌnɛri/
ΚΠ
1954 Financial Times 5 Apr. 1/1 Failure of employment to rise in March would be a signal calling for the use of fresh anti-recessionary measures.
1974 N.Y. Times 2 Dec. 19/1 President Ford said he would take some kind of anti-recessionary steps if unemployment increased from 6 to 6.5 per cent.
1994 Times 24 Feb. 25/7 The CBI said that the increase..in central government paybills..restricted the Government's ability and willingness to take necessary anti-recessionary measures, such as providing tax relief or capital investment in public projects.
anti-reflective adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈflɛktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈflɛktɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈflɛktɪv/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈflɛktɪv/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈflɛktɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈflɛktɪv/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈflɛktɪv/
ΚΠ
1913 tr. F. Hansen in A. Stange Deutschland und Kanada: Germany & Canada 316 These are constructed in such a manner that a non-actinic coloured, i. e., anti-reflective gelatine, coating is applied between the coating of emulsion and the glass plate [Ger. zwischen der Emulsionsschicht und der Glasplatte noch eine unaktinisch gefärbte, also der Reflexion entgegenwirkende Gelatineschicht angebracht ist].
2018 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Jan. (Life & Style section) If you wear glasses, some experts recommend buying lenses with anti-reflective coatings. This reduces the glare your eyes are exposed to.
antirheumatic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪruːˈmatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌruˈmædɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌruˈmædɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌruˈmædɪk/
ΚΠ
1698 G. Wilson Compl. Course Chymistry ii. viii. 217 Animal Volatile Alkalies, which is one of the chiefest Ingredients in the Composition of that Excellent Anti-Rheumatick Tincture, which Fifteen or Sixteen Years ago Cur'd me of a violent Rheumatism, that Afflicted me Three Years successively.
1817 J. Austen Sanditon (1954) ii. 373 The Sea air & Sea Bathing..were nearly infallible..; They were..anti-bilious & anti-rheumatic.
1910 A. Abrams Diagnostic Therapeutics iii. 253 The only reliable antirheumatics are the salicylates.
2008 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 12 Aug. f7 In addition to antirheumatic drugs to reduce inflammation, Dr. Kremer recommends fish oil.
antistimulant adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈstɪmjᵿlənt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈstɪmjələnt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈstɪmjələnt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈstɪmjələnt/
ΚΠ
1782 W. Stevenson Candid Animadversions 99 Cold and hot, stimulant and anti-stimulant, compounded secundem artem medicorum regii collegiæ Londonensis, by negativing each other, that is, forming two negatives, affirmatively may cure.
1869 Eng. Mechanic 1 Oct. 43/1 The hydrochlorate is a..powerful anti-stimulant.
2013 D. Wolfe Longevity Now 247 Reishi is also an excellent anti-stress and antistimulant herb.
antithyroid adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈθʌɪrɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈθaɪˌrɔɪd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈθaɪˌrɔɪd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈθaɪˌrɔɪd/
ΚΠ
1895 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 7 Sept. 420/1 Results are claimed both from extirpation of the gland and from thyroid feeding, as well as from ingestion of thymus, considered as anti-thyroid in its action.
1958 Med. Res. Veterans' Admin. 314 In none of these patients was it necessary to administer antithyroids.
2016 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 12 May 10 Antithyroid medicines, such as carbimazole, can reduce the level of thyroid hormone back to normal, but take several weeks to work.
antitubercular adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪt(j)ᵿˈbəːkjᵿlə/
,
/ˌantɪtʃᵿˈbəːkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)itəˈbərkjələr/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌt(j)uˈbərkjələr/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪtəˈbərkjələr/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌt(j)uˈbərkjələr/
,
/ˌæn(t)ətəˈbərkjələr/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌt(j)uˈbərkjələr/
ΚΠ
1844 W. H. Ranking tr. J. G. Lugol Researches & Observ. Causes Scrofulous Dis. 169 This we learned from a physician who resided there [sc. Montpellier] for his health, but who derived no benefit whatever from its vaunted anti-tubercular climate.
1968 Current Sci. 37 347/1 (heading) Some new potential antituberculars: benzothiazolyl guanidines.
2008 T. V. Shanbhag Pharmacol.: Prep Man. Undergraduates xi. 409 Chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis It is the prophylactic use of antitubercular drugs to prevent the development of active tuberculosis in patients who are at risk.
antituberculous adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪt(j)ᵿˈbəːkjᵿləs/
,
/ˌantɪtʃᵿˈbəːkjᵿləs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)itəˈbərkjələs/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌt(j)uˈbərkjələs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪtəˈbərkjələs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌt(j)uˈbərkjələs/
,
/ˌæn(t)ətəˈbərkjələs/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌt(j)uˈbərkjələs/
ΚΠ
1846 Annalist 15 Nov. 77 Indeed I am disposed to look upon alcohol, as rather an anti-tuberculous remedy.
2014 Jrnl. Avian Med. & Surg. 28 287 Antituberculous drugs may vary in their ability to kill mycobacteria, depending on whether they are located in cavitary or closed caseous lesions or within the cells.
(ii) With nouns denoting an action, process, condition, effect, etc. In later use also with verbs expressing such an action, process, etc.
anti-anxiety adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪaŋˈzʌɪᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌæŋˈzaɪədi/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌæŋˈzaɪədi/
ΚΠ
1946 F. Künkel & R. Gardner What do you Advise? i. i. 54 He must defend his new creed as his only anti-anxiety insurance.
1991 Sci. Amer. Mar. 76/1 Buspirone, an antianxiety medication, apparently binds with serotonin—another neurotransmitter.
2013 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 17 May d9 Will, with the help of wonderful special teachers, undergoes similar anti-anxiety routines plus other child-geared calming practices.
anti-colic n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkɒlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkɑlɪk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkɑlɪk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkɑlɪk/
[After post-classical Latin anticolicus (1599 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xix. 684/2 The Spirit of Nitre is an Anticolick [L. anticolicus].
1704 tr. G. Baglivi Pract. Physick i. ix. 86 Diaphoreticks joyn'd to Opiats are happy Anticolick Med'cines.
1896 F. P. Foster Ref.-bk. Pract. Therapeutics I. 107/1 Anticolics are remedies used for the alleviation of colic. They include external applications, carminatives, and anodynes.
2005 Baby & You Feb. 78/1 The new selection of products includes nipple-mimicking silicone teats, anti-colic bottles with 30° angled necks, and drop-shaped soothers.
anti-crease adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈkriːs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈkris/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈkris/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈkris/
ΚΠ
1921 San Antonio (Texas) Light 1 June 2/5 (advt.) Heat-repelling—anti-twist, anti-crease—summer suits.
2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 30 Sept. 24 [His] face and clothing are so rumpled that he looks like he's been put through the tumble dryer without the anti-crease option.
anti-dazzle adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdazl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdæz(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdæz(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdæz(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1908 Motor Age 24 Dec. 26/2 The Royal Automobile Club is organizing a competition of headlights and of anti-dazzle attachments.
1916 Automobile Jrnl. 19 Feb. 14/1 Anti-Dazzle is a quick drying liquid for producing frosting on the glass.
2000 Sunday Times 23 July i. 16 (advt.) All Golfs come with..anti-dazzle rear view mirror.
anti-drag adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈdraɡ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈdræɡ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈdræɡ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈdræɡ/
ΚΠ
1914 Aeronaut. Jrnl. Oct. 318 Wires intended mainly to resist forces in the opposite direction to the drag are sometimes called ‘anti-drag wires’.
2017 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 22 Oct. (Lifestyle section) 9 Anti-fog and anti-drag technology mean these goggles help you see further and swim faster.
anti-fallout adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfɔːlaʊt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfɔlˌaʊt/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈfɑlˌaʊt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfɔlˌaʊt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfɑlˌaʊt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfɔlˌaʊt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfɑlˌaʊt/
ΚΠ
1956 Lawton (Okla.) Constit. 11 July (Final ed.) 16/2 The national training exercise will bring these anti-fallout measures into realistic operation.
1993 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 24 July a1 In a televised speech..he announced he was asking for more federal funding for anti-fallout bomb shelters.
anti-ferment n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfəːmɛnt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfərˌmɛnt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfərˌmɛnt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfərˌmɛnt/
ΚΠ
1695 T. Byfield Short Disc. Small-pox 21 And if this proves an Antiferment, 'twill often save the Hazard of Bleeding in many Diseases.
1876 R. Bartholow Pract. Treat. Materia Med. iii. 482 The antiseptic and antiferment properties of chlorine.
1979 M. B. Quinion Drink for its Time (Mus. Cider, Hereford) 17 There were a number of preservatives sold by local chemists, designed to stop the cider becoming sick or otherwise going off, called ‘cider anti-ferment’, or some similar name.
antifoam adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfəʊm/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfoʊm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfoʊm/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfoʊm/
ΚΠ
1918 Railway Rev. (U.S.) 2 Feb. 162/2 It is only in extreme cases that anti-foam compounds are necessary and many of these are injurious to the boiler if used for long periods.
1958 Engineering 21 Feb. 253/1 The development of suitable anti-foams to increase the utilisation of coil area of existing plant.
2015 B. H. Lee Fund. Food Biotechnol. (ed. 2) i. 77 Foaming is controlled by mechanical foam destruction devices using single, rotary, or multiple rotating plates..or the addition of sterile antifoam agents.
anti-foaming n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈfəʊmɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈfoʊmɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈfoʊmɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈfoʊmɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1906 Pop. Mech. Feb. 232/1 Many of the so-called anti-foaming boiler compounds contain sodium acetate which is said to partially alleviate this difficulty.
1990 Which? Apr. 188/1 Automatic detergents include anti-foaming agents to allow them to wash well without producing too many suds.
anti-glare adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɡlɛː/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɡlɛ(ə)r/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɡlɛ(ə)r/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈɡlɛ(ə)r/
ΚΠ
1894 Pottery Gaz. May (Fancy Trades Suppl.) 6/2 These are called anti-glare spectacles, and are said to be really useful for sportsmen or travellers in sunny countries.
1910 Motor Feb. 112e/2 An additional feature..is a second small lever at the side of the car by means of which the lamps can be tilted either up or down... As an anti-glare device it is particularly satisfactory.
1994 CompuServe Mag. Mar. 27/2 Take the monitor back to the store and buy the same one with the vendor's antiglare coating on the screen.
anti-halation adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪhəˈleɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ihəˈleɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌheɪˈleɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪhəˈleɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌheɪˈleɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əhəˈleɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌheɪˈleɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1896 Lancet 16 May 1359/1 Mr. Lucy handed round the skiagraph of a Hand and Forearm taken on a Thomas's antihalation plate with a Newton's ‘focus tube’ and one minute's exposure by Mr. Oakley.
2019 Tartan (Carnegie Mellon Univ.) (Nexis) 17 Feb. (Scitech section) 1 Photographic film is made of four layers: the protective coating, emulsion, base, and anti-halation backing.
anti-ice adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈʌɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈaɪs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈaɪs/
ΚΠ
1931 U.S. Patent 1,821,776 1 (heading) Antiice airplane and improved wing construction therefor.
1935 Aircraft Engin. Nov. 279/3 The application of anti-ice dopes..is..hardly a practical solution of the problem.
1997 N.Y. Times 23 May a12/2 The safety board..urgently recommended that pilots be trained to turn on anti-ice devices as a precaution.
anti-locust adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈləʊkəst/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈloʊkəst/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈloʊkəst/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈloʊkəst/
ΚΠ
1875 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 376/1 Last May the Governor of Missouri proclaimed a day of fasting and humiliation as a stratagem in the anti-locust war.
1946 Nature 17 Aug. 231/2 During the War, the Anti-Locust Research Centre concentrated on forecasting and advisory services for anti-locust campaigns in Africa and the Middle East.
2000 Isis 91 400/1 [He] discovered coccobacilli in the guts of dead or sick locusts and..suggested that these bacilli could be used in antilocust campaigns.
anti-mixing adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɪksɪŋ/
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U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɪksɪŋ/
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/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɪksɪŋ/
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/ˌæn(t)əˈmɪksɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ii. §127 47 This anti-mixing property in water.
2004 A. D. Dalmedico in M. N. Wise Growing Explanations ii. 83 It started with the problem of resolving ‘real’ problems that sought to obtain precise mixtures.., to stabilize mixtures, to carry out antimixing processes (preventing pollution or diffusion in soils).
anti-mosquito adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪməˈskiːtəʊ/
,
/ˌantɪmɒˈskiːtəʊ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iməˈskidoʊ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪməˈskidoʊ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əməˈskidoʊ/
ΚΠ
1844 Morning Post 24 Oct. (advt.) The anti-mosquito envelopes, so highly recommended in Murray's Hand Book.
1931 J. S. Huxley What dare I Think? i. 35 Deliberate anti-mosquito campaigns.
1997 Sporting Life (Nexis) 5 Oct. 6 Lawley..was clearly taken aback by [Peter] O'Sullevan's request for a can of anti-mosquito spray as his ‘one luxury’.
anti-nausea adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈnɔːsɪə/
,
/ˌantɪˈnɔːzɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈnɔziə/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈnɔʒə/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈnɑziə/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈnɑʒə/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈnɔziə/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈnɔʒə/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈnɑziə/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈnɑʒə/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈnɔziə/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈnɔʒə/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈnɑziə/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈnɑʒə/
ΚΠ
1848 W. B. Jerrold Disgrace to Family xxxi. 280 There ought to be a measure..to compel painters to mix their colours with Eau de Cologne, or even lavender water would be an improvement upon the present detestable compound. The measure might be called the Anti-Nausea Bill.
1863 Ipswich Jrnl. 18 July 2/4 (advt.) This Anti Nausea preparation requires no further recommendation than its wonderful immediate and almost miraculous effect.
1967 Acta Oto-laryngol. 64 96 The second aim of the investigation was to study the effect of antinausea drugs on the cupulogram.
2018 MailOnline (Nexis) 11 May The spice [sc. ginger] is believed to restrain the cells which cause children to be sick, causing anti-nausea effects at the brain and gut level.
anti-radiating adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈreɪdɪeɪtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈreɪdiˌeɪdɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈreɪdiˌeɪdɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈreɪdiˌeɪdɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) vii. §368 183 The Anti-radiating influence of clouds.
2003 Renewable & Sustainable Energy Rev. 7 320 Francia demonstrated the effectiveness of these anti-radiating cells in medium to high temperature solar energy absorbers.
anti-radiation adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪreɪdɪˈeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1905 Trans. Manch. Assoc. Engineers 1904 161 If these were built with air cavities, as could now be very simply and economically done by a new serrated anti-radiation brick.
2010 Naval War Coll. Rev. 63 iv. 95 It might employ antiradiation missiles [ARMs] to attack Patriot radars.
anti-recession adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈsɛʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈsɛʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈsɛʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈsɛʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈsɛʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈsɛʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈsɛʃən/
ΚΠ
1938 Times 25 Jan. 19/1 Buyers were timid of aspect in the determination to await a concrete anti-recession programme by Washington.
1970 N.Y. Times 1 Mar. iv. 6/1 The Administration is relying heavily upon the Federal Reserve Board to accomplish most of the antirecession work.
1991 Atlantic Feb. 52/1 Even as a short-term anti-recession strategy, increasing public investment makes sense.
anti-reflection adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪrᵻˈflɛkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)irəˈflɛkʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iriˈflɛkʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪrəˈflɛkʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪriˈflɛkʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)ərəˈflɛkʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əriˈflɛkʃən/
ΚΠ
1920 U.S. Patent 1,345,049 1/2 My invention is usually constructed to embody as a unitary device the hollow body member, acoustic diaphragm, the sound passages means and the anti-pressure and anti-reflection means.
2021 Peace Arch News (Surrey, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 10 May The blue, anti-reflection coating blocks radiation from your screen.
anti-scald adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈskɔːld/
,
/ˌantɪˈskɒld/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈskɔld/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈskɑld/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈskɔld/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈskɑld/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈskɔld/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈskɑld/
ΚΠ
1910 U.S. Patent 967,339 1/1 I..have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Anti-scald-Valves.
1985 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 11 Dec. 32 (caption) This sleek, single-lever Swiss faucet offers anti-scald and water pressure controls.
2000 Ebony Apr. 122/2 Prevent hot water burns by affixing anti-scald valves to your faucets.
anti-shrink adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈʃrɪŋk/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈʃrɪŋk/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈʃrɪŋk/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈʃrɪŋk/
ΚΠ
1898 12th Ann. Rep. Factory Inspector State N.Y. 1897 235 (table) Clarendon's Anti Shrink Laundry.
1946 Nature 19 Oct. 554/2 The unshrinkable finish is produced by means which differ from those suggested for the majority of other anti-shrink reagents.
1991 B. A. Purdy Art & Archaeol. Florida's Wetlands v. 291 Its [sc. polyethylene glycol's] antishrink effect on wood was discovered almost immediately after its manufacture began around 1950.
anti-skid adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈskɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈskɪd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈskɪd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈskɪd/
ΚΠ
1903 Automotor Jrnl. 21 Feb. 212/1 A competition for anti-skid devices is to be arranged by the A.C. de France.
1993 Offshore Oil Internat. Sept. 33/1 The identification markings and anti-skid coatings for the main deck can be added.
anti-skidding adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈskɪdɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈskɪdɪŋ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈskɪdɪŋ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈskɪdɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1880 Trans. Soc. Engineers 1879 194 The anti-skidding blocks were placed 6 inches apart.
1906 Daily Chron. 17 July 5/5 Constable Tripp said that the car had no anti-skidding appliances, and the road was slippery.
1995 Daily Mail (Nexis) 14 Jan. 40 The carpal pad..is an anti-skidding or braking device when the cat lands after a jump.
anti-spin adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈspɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈspɪn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈspɪn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈspɪn/
ΚΠ
1926 Aviation (U.S.) 1 Feb. 149/2 (heading) The anti-spin feature.
1941 Aeroplane Spotter 29 May 195/3 Should the aeroplane develop a flat spin from which it cannot be pulled out the pilot releases the anti-spin parachute.
2007 R. Stowell Light Airplane Pilot's Guide to Stall/Spin Awareness xiv. 242 All other factors being equal, the rudder's anti-spin contribution is strongest when a large, unshielded surface acts on a long moment arm against a steeper spin.
anti-splash adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsplaʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsplæʃ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsplæʃ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsplæʃ/
ΚΠ
1881 Sanitary Rec. 15 May 419/1 The accompanying engraving represents one of their ‘anti-splash’ tip-up lavatories.
1959 Times 27 Apr. (Rubber Industry Suppl.) p. x/4 An anti-splash tip to the sink tap.
1994 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 23 July 5 By 1800 the variety [of dressers] was formidable, with bottle drawers, napery compartments, anti-splash curtains, cupboards below, in fact any combination you could wish for.
anti-vibration adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪvʌɪˈbreɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌvaɪˈbreɪʃən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌvaɪˈbreɪʃən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌvaɪˈbreɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1837 Flowers of Fiction 44/1 We had a long trajet across the plain, and unlooping an anti-vibration tablet,..I let off my poetical vein.
1886 Birmingham Daily Post 15 Mar. 5/1 It is..fitted with the ‘automatic steering’ gear, and with an anti-vibration spring.
1991 Professional Heating Sept. 30/3 The fan is horizontal and set in antivibration mountings for quieter operation.
(b)
(i) Biology and Physiology. Forming names of agents that are inhibitors, antagonists, or inactivators of another substance; spec. (Immunology) forming names of antibodies or antisera directed against another substance. Also rarely forming adjectives relating to such nouns. See also antihistamine n., antitoxin n. Cf. antibody n.
antiauxin n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɔːksɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɔksən/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈɑksən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɔksən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɑksən/
ΚΠ
1949 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 36 86/2 It may lead to the synthesis of anti-auxins, or to nonspecific inhibitors of growth.
2008 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 5635/2 Thus, the addition of a methyl group in the butyl chain of 4 is all that is required to convert an auxin to an antiauxin.
anticholinesterase n.
Brit. /ˌantɪkəʊlᵻˈnɛstəreɪz/
,
/ˌantɪkɒlᵻˈnɛstəreɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌkoʊləˈnɛstəˌreɪs/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˌkoʊləˈnɛstəˌreɪz/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌkoʊləˈnɛstəˌreɪs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌkoʊləˈnɛstəˌreɪz/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌkoʊləˈnɛstəˌreɪs/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌkoʊləˈnɛstəˌreɪz/
ΚΠ
1938 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 June 1370/2 Of the anticholinesterases studied prostigmin has proved to be the most useful, both for its stimulating action on the bowel and, more especially, for its dramatic ameliorative effects in myasthenia gravis.
2002 Bon Appétit Sept. 52/1 (advt.) Co-administration of..agents interfering with neuromuscular transmission (e.g., curare-like nondepolarizing blockers.., anticholinesterases, succinylcholine chloride) should only be performed with caution.
anticoagulin n.
Brit. /ˌantɪkəʊˈaɡjᵿlɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)ikoʊˈæɡjələn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪkoʊˈæɡjələn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əkoʊˈæɡjələn/
[After French anticoaguline.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > [noun]
antagonist1842
anti-enzyme1893
sensibilizer1900
anticoagulin1901
antihormone1908
antivitamin1919
antimetabolite1945
agonist1955
1901 Therapeutic Gaz. 15 July 435/2 Bordet and Gengou have experimented with fibrin ferment and have succeeded in producing an ‘anticoaguline’—i. e., a serum which prevents coagulation of blood to which it is added—by injecting animals with blood and fluids rich in the fibrin ferment.
1952 New Biol. 13 86 The saliva [of the bed-bug] contains an anticoagulin which prevents the blood from clotting and so facilitates its passage through the narrow feeding channel.
2012 Pediatric Nephrol. 27 1194/1 Lupus anticoagulins and antinuclear autoantibodies were negative.
anti-enzyme n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɛnzʌɪm/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɛnˌzaɪm/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɛnˌzaɪm/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > [noun]
antagonist1842
anti-enzyme1893
sensibilizer1900
anticoagulin1901
antihormone1908
antivitamin1919
antimetabolite1945
agonist1955
1893 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 37 Special attention is directed to the hair-fringe of the cells. This the author supposes to have a protective function, and suggests that it may be saturated with an anti-enzyme.
1967 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 Mar. 635/1 Being an enzyme test, it is subject to the influence of anti-enzymes such as uric acid.
2002 Current Opinion Pharmacol. 2 249/2 The liquid [sc. mucus] is a dilute aqueous solution of electrolytes, enzymes, antienzymes, antioxidants, antibacterials, lipids, mediators and high-molecular-weight mucous glycoproteins (termed mucins).
antiglobulin adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɡlɒbjᵿlɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɡlɑbjələn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɡlɑbjələn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈɡlɑbjələn/
ΚΠ
1900 Lancet 14 July 98/1 This antiglobulin serum had no action on egg albumen or upon Witte's ‘peptone’.
1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 64/2 Cephalothin therapy is associated with a positive direct antiglobulin test in 3% to 65% of patients receiving the drug.
2003 Analyt. Biochem. 320 194/1 Biotinylated antiglobulins are a common reagent used to identify primary antibodies bound to antigens in immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.
antihormone n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈhɔːməʊn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈhɔrˌmoʊn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈhɔrˌmoʊn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈhɔrˌmoʊn/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > [noun]
antagonist1842
anti-enzyme1893
sensibilizer1900
anticoagulin1901
antihormone1908
antivitamin1919
antimetabolite1945
agonist1955
1908 Med. Press & Circular 10 June 635/2 Hormones are changed to anti-hormones on hypodermic injection as soon as they reach the lymphatics.
2000 New Scientist 14 Oct. 69/2 (advt.) A major focus of our drug chemistry research is on steroid hormones/antihormones and eicosanoids.
antilipoid adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈlɪpɔɪd/
,
/ˌantɪˈlʌɪpɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈlɪˌpɔɪd/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈlaɪˌpɔɪd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈlɪˌpɔɪd/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈlaɪˌpɔɪd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈlɪˌpɔɪd/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈlaɪˌpɔɪd/
ΚΠ
1911 Arch. Internal Med. 7 245 We..have undertaken animal experimentation in the hope of preparing a serum of sufficient antilipoid potency to be of service in the passive immunization of human cases.
1930 Arch. Pathol. 9 1105 The relative amount of antilipoids and antiproteins varies in different batches of antiserums.
2012 K.-P. Hunfeld & H.-J. Hagedorn in J. M. Zenilman & M. Shahmanesh Sexually Transmitted Infections xx. 190/1 Reagin-based assays that use precipitation, flocculation, or complement fixation to qualitatively measure antilipoid IgM- and IgG-antibodies.
antimetabolite n.
Brit. /ˌantɪmᵻˈtabəlʌɪt/
,
/ˌantɪmɛˈtabəlʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iməˈtæbəˌlaɪt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪməˈtæbəˌlaɪt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əməˈtæbəˌlaɪt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > [noun]
antagonist1842
anti-enzyme1893
sensibilizer1900
anticoagulin1901
antihormone1908
antivitamin1919
antimetabolite1945
agonist1955
1945 Science 19 Oct. 402/2 Thus the inhibitory properties of these two antimetabolites for one organism lie in the reverse order found with the other organism.
2002 L. Gold Good Hosp. Guide 487 Over 20 substances are in common use [in chemotherapy], the major classes being alkylating agents; antimetabolites, vinca alkaloids and antitumour antibiotics.
antiprothrombin n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪprə(ʊ)ˈθrɒmbɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌproʊˈθrɑmbən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌproʊˈθrɑmbən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌproʊˈθrɑmbən/
ΚΠ
1912 Jrnl. Physiol. 45 124 This would lead us further to expect that anti-thrombin would be also an anti-prothrombin, a point which will be dealt with later.
2001 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 110 188/2 There is a strong and specific association between various types of antiprothrombin antibodies with severe preeclampsia and spontaneous abortion.
antistreptolysin n.
Brit. /ˌantɪstrɛptə(ʊ)ˈlʌɪsɪn/
,
/ˌantɪstrɛpˈtɒlᵻsɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌstrɛptəˈlaɪsn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌstrɛptəˈlaɪsn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌstrɛptəˈlaɪsn/
Quot. 1903 shows an earlier use of antistreptocolysin in the same sense; cf. streptocolysin, variant of streptococcolysin n. at strepto- comb. form .
ΚΠ
1903 Progressive Med. Mar. 282 It does not exercise any toxic action upon animals, and all efforts along the usual lines to obtain an antistreptocolysin have failed.]
1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) x. 158 Streptolysin O elicits a neutralizing Ab, designated antistreptolysin O (ASO), but streptolysin S is nonantigenic.
2001 D. M. Mancini & A. Beniaminovitz in R. A. O'Rourke et al. Hurst's The Heart (ed. 10) xxxiii. 567 Laboratory tests suggestive of rheumatic fever include antibodies to antistreptolysin O and anti-DNAase B, an elevated ESR, and C-reactive protein.
antithrombin n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈθrɒmbɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈθrɑmbən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈθrɑmbən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈθrɑmbən/
ΚΠ
1901 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 80 ii. 118 Many authors distinguish the action of so-called peptone from such a substance as leech extract by saying that the latter contains an anti-thrombin, whilst the action of peptone is to first produce an anti-thrombin within the body by acting on some organ like the liver.
2003 Science 21 Mar. 1815/1 Serpins, like antithrombin and antitrypsin, inhibit serine proteases, and when they are lacking or mutated contribute to a range of disorders including hepatitis, emphysema, and thrombosis.
antitrypsin n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈtrɪpsɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈtrɪpsᵻn/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈtrɪpsᵻn/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈtrɪpsᵻn/
ΚΠ
1901 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 80 ii. 564 Ehrlich's explanation of the failure to obtain anti-rennin of great strength seems applicable to the case of antitrypsin.
2000 L. McTaggart Being Catholic Today xxii. 187 For about $1 million you can make a flock of sheep genetically altered to produce the protein alpha-1 antitrypsin in their milk, to treat emphysema.
antivitamin n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈvɪtəmɪn/
,
/ˌantɪˈvʌɪtəmɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈvaɪdəmən/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈvaɪdəmən/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈvaɪdəmən/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > [noun]
antagonist1842
anti-enzyme1893
sensibilizer1900
anticoagulin1901
antihormone1908
antivitamin1919
antimetabolite1945
agonist1955
1919 Cold-storage Legislation: Hearings Comm. Agric. (66th Congr. 1st Sess., U.S. House Representatives) 848 The child..must also not be deprived of the antiscorbutic principle, nor of the antivitamine against polyneuritis, which is the real classic name of beriberi.
1997 J. Steingarten Man who ate Everything (1998) iii. 147 Raw red cabbage, brussels sprouts, and beets contain an antivitamin that binds with the B vitamin thiamine and stops its absorption.
(ii) Immunology. Forming adjectives designating an antiserum or antibody directed against a specific blood group antigen (e.g. A, B, etc.). Also forming homographic nouns denoting such an antiserum or antibody.
anti-A adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈeɪ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈeɪ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈeɪ/
ΚΠ
1919 Lancet 18 Oct. 676/1 In the second square are the black blood corpuscles B with the shaded anti-A agglutinins.
1929 O. C. W. Prausnitz Standardisation Therapeutic Sera 51 The designation [of diagnostic sera] should also indicate the blood corpuscle groups with which they reacted, thus: ‘Test serum A (anti-B)’ and ‘Test serum B (anti-A)’.
2000 M. Fukuda in M. Fukuda & O. Hindsgaul Molecular & Cellular Glycobiol. i. 18 It has been shown that erythrocytes of the neonate react weakly with anti-A or anti-B IgG antibodies when the erythrocytes of the neonate suffer from hemolytic disorders due to ABO-incompatible pregnancies.
anti-B adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈbiː/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈbi/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈbi/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈbi/
ΚΠ
1919 Lancet 18 Oct. 676/1 If the individual has in the blood corpuscles the A property, he has in his serum agglutinin anti-B and vice versa.
1943 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Oct. 521/2 In two of the cases in which the mother was Rh-positive the destruction of the foetal erythrocytes was apparently due to very potent immune anti-B agglutinins.
1968 Bibliotheca Haematologica 29 i. 378 (title) Evidence of monospecificity of anti-A and anti-B in Group 0 serum.
2009 R. F. Becker Criminal Invest. (ed. 3) v. 113 If serum containing anti-B is added to red blood cells carrying the antigen B, the antibodies will attach themselves to the cells.
anti-Rh adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪɑːrˈeɪtʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌɑrˈeɪtʃ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌɑrˈeɪtʃ/
ΚΠ
1941 K. Landsteiner & A. S. Wiener in Jrnl. Exper. Med. 74 310 The serum of these patients contained anti-Rh isoagglutinins.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 18 Nov. 1248/2 Rh isoimmunization in volunteers receiving Rh-positive cells can be prevented by the administration of anti-Rh containing gamma globulin or serum.
2020 J. Bangham Blood Relations iv. 85 They soon found evidence that this anti-rhesus serum (anti-Rh) could also be found in samples derived from patients who had suffered deadly hemolytic reactions following transfusion.
anti-Rhesus adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈriːsəs/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈrisəs/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈrisəs/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈrisəs/
ΚΠ
1941 K. Landsteiner & A. S. Wiener in Jrnl. Exper. Med. 74 309 Certain anti-rhesus immune sera contain agglutinins specific for the human agglutinogen M.
1985 European Jrnl. Immunol. 15 742 Observations reported here on a cloned LCL [= lymphoblastoid cell line] producing anti-Rhesus(D) may provide an explanation for the low success rate.
2000 B. C. Lamb Appl. Genetics xiii. 232 Rhesus women should only be given Rhesus negative blood in transfusions, to avoid anti-Rhesus antibody production.
(iii) Immunology. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘designating or relating to antibodies or antisera prepared from the blood of an animal denoted by the second element’.
ΚΠ
1900 Lancet 14 July 98/2 The agglutinating action was only present in the anti-sheep's globulin serum.
1902 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 4 Oct. 22369/3 The anti-human serum gives a precipitate with the blood of the anthropoid apes that is not to be distinguished from that obtained from human blood.
1932 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Feb. 396/1 In the case of the duck tumour, neutralization was possible with an anti-duck serum and with an anti-tumour serum.
1993 Cell 73 245/1 The cells were incubated with..biotinylated goat anti-rat immunoglobulin G.
2008 Toxicon 51 10 Specific immunoassays were developed to detect anti-horse, anti-chicken and anti-bovine immunoglobulins in human IgG preparations.
(c)
(i) Prefixed to nouns to form adjectives designating equipment, measures, etc., intended to defend against or combat specific weapons, vehicles, types of attack, etc.Some of the more established formations of this type are treated separately. See also anti-aircraft adj. and n., anti-tank adj.
ΚΠ
1909 Times 12 Apr. 13/3 (headline) Anti-airship armament.
1919 L. R. Freeman Sea-hounds ix. 198 Probably some sort of patrol or anti-U-boat worker, for a guess, perhaps, a ‘Q’.
1934 J. Hilton Good-bye, Mr. Chips xiv. 95 The anti-air-raid blinds that had to be fitted on all the windows.
1937 New Castle (Pa.) News 21 July 4/1 Taking the United States into the lead insofar as anti-bomber fighters are concerned.
1952 McKean County (Pa.) Democrat 29 May 1/2 The proximity fuse actually gave an anti-aircraft and anti-guided missile shell a brain.
1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army xvii. 198 Accommodation is generally in Portakabins surrounded by blast-proof walls..and covered by anti-mortar roofs.
2005 B. West No True Glory iii. 27 Every night the rifle companies sent out anti-IED patrols.
(ii)
anti-armour adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈɑːmə/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈɑrmər/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈɑrmər/
ΚΠ
1922 Jrnl. Royal Artillery Nov. 365 Support is..likely to be supplied..by armoured anti-armour guns—viz., another form of tank.
1991 Air Internat. Oct. 179/2 (caption) Found fully armed with AT-2 ‘Swatter’ anti-armour missiles at Talil, this Mil Mi-24 ‘Hind D’ is now at Fort Bliss, USA.
anti-missile adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈmɪsʌɪl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈmɪs(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈmɪs(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈmɪs(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1946 N.Y. Times 1 July 4/4 Some automatic system..of anti-missile and anti-aircraft fire.
1950 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 9 June 16/2 It's obvious that any anti-missile missile, to be effective, would have to be sitting on the ground, loaded, cocked and connected to a radar device.
2007 Esquire Nov. 151/1 A warning to the United States to abandon plans for its anti-missile shield in Eastern Europe.
anti-satellite adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈsatəlʌɪt/
,
/ˌantɪˈsatl̩ʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈsædlˌaɪt/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsædlˌaɪt/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsædlˌaɪt/
ΚΠ
1957 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 8 Nov. 4/6 The Pentagon..have now devised a provisional anti-satellite-satellite.
1961 New Scientist 20 July 140/3 To avoid interception and destruction by anti-satellite missiles, Midas III carries a number of small vernier rockets that enable its course to be changed.
2003 M. Rees Our Final Hour iii. 31 Anti-satellite weapons are entirely feasible and would be relatively easy to develop.
anti-ship adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈʃɪp/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈʃɪp/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈʃɪp/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈʃɪp/
ΚΠ
1948 A. E. Percival Operations Malaya Command 1941–2 (2nd Suppl. London Gaz. 20 Feb.; No. 38215) 1309/2 Singapore..comprised a large area of land and water with strong anti-ship defences.
1954 Jane's Fighting Ships 1953–54 31 ‘Daring Class Ships’..can also act as excellent anti-submarine or anti-ship craft.
1991 Ships Monthly Apr. 9/1 She will be equipped with an impressive array of modern sensors and weapons, including..Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles.
anti-submarine adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪsʌbməˈriːn/
,
/ˌantɪˈsʌbməriːn/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌsəbməˈrin/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈsəbməˌrin/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌsəbməˈrin/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈsəbməˌrin/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌsəbməˈrin/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈsəbməˌrin/
ΚΠ
1900 Irish Times 6 Sept. 4/9 While the Admiralty has been pursuing experiments with a submarine vessel, it has also been experimenting with what may be described as an anti-submarine boat.
1919 C. W. Domville-Fife Submarines & Sea Power 80 Those fast vessels required for anti-submarine operations to protect a big surface war fleet.
1942 Ann. Reg. 1941 272 The anti-submarine net guarding the harbour was open.
1993 W. Canada Aviation Sept. 8/2 The Hercules and EH1O1..will replace three fleets..in the SAR and tactical anti-submarine warfare roles.
anti-torpedo adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪtɔːˈpiːdəʊ/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˌtɔrˈpidoʊ/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˌtɔrˈpidoʊ/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˌtɔrˈpidoʊ/
ΚΠ
1869 A. H. Gilmore in Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 13 33 I have here what I call an anti-torpedo vessel.
1881 Times 28 Jan. 3/6 The anti-torpedo gun adopted in the Royal Navy.
1992 N. Stephenson Snow Crash lix. 391 The Enterprise has a belt of thick antitorpedo armor.
anti-vehicle adj.
Brit. /ˌantɪˈviːᵻkl/
,
/ˌantɪˈviːhᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌæn(t)iˈviək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)iˈviˌhɪk(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈviək(ə)l/
,
/ˌænˌtaɪˈviˌhɪk(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈviək(ə)l/
,
/ˌæn(t)əˈviˌhɪk(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1942 Times 16 Dec. 4/1 Delayed action mines.., anti-personnel, and anti-vehicle mines are among those which are now being dug up.
1991 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army (rev. ed.) xvii. 245 An anti-vehicle grenade with half a pound of shaped explosive packed in a large baked-beans tin fastened to a throwing handle.
2000 Press Gaz. 14 Jan. 13/1 Wherever there are anti-vehicle mines there are likely to be anti-personnel mines too.
e. With reduplication of the prefix, forming adjectives and nouns expressing the idea of opposing opposition to something, counteracting counteraction, etc. See also anti-anti adj. and n.In quot. 1765 as part of the pseudonym of a correspondent to a periodical.
ΚΠ
1765 Public Advertiser 11 Oct. (signature of letter) Anti-anti-Sejanus.
1829 Vermont Watchman & State Gaz. 17 Mar. We are not, after all, so much of an anti-anti-mason, but that we can cheerfully support an anti-masonic candidate for congress, in preference to [etc.].
1865 J. C. Gray Let. 21 Apr. in War Lett. J. C. Gray & J. C. Ropes (1927) 472 I suppose I am a dreadful old fogy, but my anti-anti-slavery feeling has only been deepened by the events of the war.
1876 Contemp. Rev. July 346 In my judgment, an English politician should neither be philo-Turk nor pro-Christian. He should be Anti-anti-Turk and Anti-anti-Christian.
1937 Foreign Affairs 16 37 There must now be a tank mounting an anti-anti-tank gun, which can..overwhelm the anti-tank guns with rapid fire.
1953 Times 7 Dec. 24 A well-worn anti-anti-Communist technique; he denounced..Brownell's handling of the White case as ‘McCarthyism’.
1956 Time-Bull. (Van Wert, Ohio) 2 July 4/8 By 1960 we can have an anti-missile missile. That leaves it up to someone to cook up an anti-anti-missile missile.
1994 Nature 14 July 92/3 The restraint that Maddox criticizes in Holton's anti-anti-science stance is an essential aspect of science.
2010 Guardian 20 Mar. (Review section) 17/2 The Turbin family..are romanticised—at once liberal, open-hearted and anti-antisemitic (if not philosemitic), while also devoutly Orthodox.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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