forumn.
/ˈfɔːrəm/, U.S. /ˈfɔrəm/ 1.
a. Roman History. The public place or marketplace of a city. In ancient Rome the place of assembly for judicial and other public business.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > open space > public square
placeOE
streetOE
foruma1464
pomery1533
piazza1583
agora1591
pomerium1598
plazaa1661
squarea1684
piazzetta1730
town square1769
place1793
Pnyx1820
zocalo1884
plaza1948
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 25 Þoo places in whech juges herd causes he [sc. Foroneus] cleped hem aftir his name ‘forum’, þat is to sey a hopen place or a market.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 117 The said Scipioes statue erected in the Forum or publick hall.
1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 61 The city of Rome had four great forums or piazzas.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. 15 The principal Forum; which appears to have been of a circular, or rather elliptical form.
1838 T. Arnold Hist. Rome I. 38 He [Tarquinius] made a forum or market place and divided out the ground around it for shops and stalls, and made a covered walk around it.
b. as the place of public discussion; hence figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > place of resort > [noun] > place of assembly
forum1735
venue1857
folk-stead1876
zoo1885
whare puni1911
assembly-place1936
lapa1982
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > discussion > place for
forum1735
1735 J. Thomson Antient & Mod. Italy Compared: 1st Pt. Liberty 160 Foes in the forum in the field were friends.
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cxiv. 60 Rienzi!..The forum's champion, and the people's chief.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii. 5/1 To descend..into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that cannot but exasperate and divide.
2.
a. A court, tribunal. law of the forum: the legal rules of a particular court or jurisdiction.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun]
court1297
justicec1300
benchc1325
consistoryc1386
King's Courtc1400
open court?1456
justiciary1486
justry1489
seat1560
civil court1567
tribunal1590
judicatory1593
judicature1593
law-court1619
judiciary1623
jurisdiction1765
forum1848
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > rule or direction governing > of specific court
law of the forum1848
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 264/1 Forum, the court to the jurisdiction of which a party is liable.
1857 Parsons Contracts (ed. 2) II. ii. ii. §6. 103 Limitation and prescription are applied only according to the law of the forum.
1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law ii. 4 As the law of property is now administered in the different forums..it exhibits a splendid..code of jurisprudence.
b. transferred and figurative. (Cf. medieval Latin in foro interno, in foro conscientiæ).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > place of
barc1375
tribunal1635
forum1690
1690 Case Univ. Oxford 48 A right to be impleaded in their own Forum only.
1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful v. §5. 175 Of this at first view, every man, in his own forum, ought to judge without appeal.
1852 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 365 In every country of Europe, except one, when collision arises between the civil and the religious power in the external forum.
1874 J. Morley On Compromise 115 It [sc. truth] claims in the forum of conscience an undivided allegiance.
3. attributive, as forum-area, forum-orator.
ΚΠ
1812 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 8 347 A forum orator some years ago published a tour.
1893 Archaeologia 53 544 The forum area was trenched but not excavated.
Draft additions 1993
forum-shop v. intransitive (present participle in quot.).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)] > seek favourable court
forum-shop1955
1955 U.C.L.A. Law Rev. III. 104 Under the old doctrine a primary consideration was the prevention of a plaintiff's ‘forum shopping’.
1970 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 19 i. 29 Their Lordships were..alive to the evils of ‘forum shopping’ that Machado v. Fontes has in the past been accused of encouraging.
1983 Times 22 Jan. 3/3 Lord Hailsham's view is that the present system with its ‘forum shopping and scales of costs’ in different courts is ‘hardly an advertisement for a system of justice’.
forum shopping n. Law (originally U.S.) the practice by a plaintiff of deliberately seeking out the court felt likely to determine most favourably in a particular case.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > litigation or going to law > seeking most favourable court
forum shopping1954
1954 Federal Suppl. (U.S.) CXVIII. 235/2 He may have been forum-shopping, but the law has not, particularly in the case of seamen and others in his category, frowned upon this.
Draft additions March 2003
Computing. A facility on a computer network (now usually the internet) for users to share information or opinions; spec. a discussion group which is accessible online (as through a mailing list, a bulletin board system, a newsgroup, or a website), esp. one dedicated to a particular topic.In early use, not always distinguished from the general sense of ‘a place of public discussion’ (see 1b).
ΚΠ
1971 E. Harslem & J. F. Heafner Request for Comments (Network Working Group) (Electronic text) No. 131. 3 We have been proponents of the collective NWG [= Network Working Group] as a forum to raise issues and as a general information transfer mechanism of what sites are doing and thinking.
1984 InfoWorld (Nexis) 18 June 34 A forum or special-interest group (SIG) is a subset of a national network and functions much like a BBS.
1990 Computer Buyer's Guide & Handbk. 8 iii. 34/1 Most people think of BBSs as crude hacker forums where computer nerds trade tips on how to pirate software or break into the Pentagon's computers.
1997 Daily Tel. (Electronic ed.) 1 Nov. In this forum, you can follow or join in conversations as they happen.
2000 Edupage (online newsletter) 25 Aug. The Open eBook Forum is working on standardizing e-publishing and addressing concerns about e-book piracy.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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