fortressn.

Brit.

/ˈfɔːtrᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈfɔrtrəs/

Forms: Middle English forteresse, Scottish fortrace, fortrass, Middle English forceress (? read fort-), Middle English–1600s fortresse, 1500s fortres, Middle English– fortress.

Etymology: < Old French forteresse strength, a strong place, < fort strong; a variant of, or parallel formation with, fortelesce fortalice n.

A military stronghold, fortified place; in modern use chiefly one capable of receiving a large force; often applied to a strongly fortified town regarded from a military point of view.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun]

chestera855

boroughc893

fastnessOE

strength?c1225

warnestore1297

fortress13..

holdc1330

strongholdc1384

motec1390

fortalicec1425

garnisonc1430

garrisonc1430

town of war1441

wall-town1488

strengh1489

afforciament1509

piece1525

forcea1552

citadel1567

fort1569

place1575

holt1600

alcazar1623

fasthold1623

afforcement1642

castle-town1646

post1648

garrison-town1649

bridlea1661

palank1685

place of arms1704

ostrog1761

qila1761

presidio1763

gurry1786

thana1803

pa1823

castrum1836

lis1845

Gibraltar1856

training post1867

kasbah1902

jong1904

13.. K. Alis. 2668 Wel they warden gatis alle, The fortresses and the walle.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7143 When he had alle þys forceresses..Ȝyt he þoughte [etc.].

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiii. 192 Kynge Arthur..hadde wele garnysshed alle the forteresses of his londe.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique Ep. A j Divers stronge Castels and Fortresses were peaceably geven up.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 759 There was a strong Fortress raised close by the City.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 428 Those in garrison at Goletta threatened to give up that important fortress.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 Thick walls and turrets at the angles gave the whole the aspect and the reality of a fortress.

figurative and in extended use.1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 52^v The hertis of good peple ben the castell & forterescis of secretes.a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 36/2 Affeccion towarde him, hadde bene to hys noble children..a meruailouse forteresse and sure armoure.1603 R. Niccols Expicedium sig. A3^v Her countrie was the fortresse of banisht men.1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) xviii. 1 My Rock and Fortress is the Lord.

Compounds

C1. Simple attributive.

fortress-company n.

ΚΠ

1893 Daily News 24 Jan. 5/7 A garrison company of artillery, a fortress company of engineers.

fortress-engineer n.

ΚΠ

1894 Westm. Gaz. 4 Oct. 4/3 A company of fortress engineers.

C2. Appositive.

fortress-castle n.

ΚΠ

1906 Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 2/3 No Imperial fortress-castle is strong enough to Germanise the vast plains where peer and peasant alike are still passionately Polish.

fortress-chapel n.

ΚΠ

1838 J. Pardoe River & Desart II. 52 The fortress-chapel of Nôtre-Dame-de-la-Garde.

fortress-church n.

ΚΠ

1963 Times 9 Feb. 11/2 Characteristic is its fortress-church.

fortress-city n.

ΚΠ

1909 Westm. Gaz. 22 Feb. 1/3 The buried fortress-city of Jericho.

fortress-palace n.

ΚΠ

1905 Westm. Gaz. 11 Sept. 3/1 The gloomy fortress-palaces.

fortress-prison n.

ΚΠ

1955 J. Thomas No Banners viii. 70 A fire-gutted convent which had been transformed under the Franco régime into a fortress prison.

fortress-rock n.

ΚΠ

1838 J. Pardoe River & Desart I. 218 Our fortress-rock of Gibraltar.

fortress-tomb n.

ΚΠ

1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings I. xii. 90 I crossed the Tiber at the fortress-tomb of Adrian.

fortress-town n.

ΚΠ

1937 Discovery Aug. 250/2 The fortress-town..enclosed an area of about 270 by 200 metres.

C3. Also in phrases of the type, [after German Festung Europa]

Fortress America n.

ΚΠ

1951 N.Y. Herald Tribune 25 Feb. 24 The central thesis..is the idea that fortress America could survive alone.

1960 Times 13 Jan. 13/7 American interest in civil defence shelters might be interpreted as implying American belief in a Fortress America.

1966 Guardian 21 Apr. 18/3 A retreat to a ‘fortress America’ concept.

Fortress Europe n.

ΚΠ

1942 Nation 19 Dec. 682 It was the Italian press which first launched the idea of Fortress Europe.

1944 Sat. Evening Post 27 May 12/1 We shall still face the real problem of Fortress Europe, the penetration of the German mind.

1971 Guardian 22 July 4/1 The Prime Minister..said..‘I have never seen a European policy as a policy of withdrawal into a fortress Europe.’

C4. Instrumental.

fortress-guarded adj.

ΚΠ

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 Jan. 1/2 Across the fortress-guarded frontier.

Draft additions September 2018

ˈfortress-like adj.

ΚΠ

1833 N. P. Willis in N.-Y. Mirror 3 Aug. 36/1 Off at the right..rises the fortress-like tomb of Cecilia Metella.

1907 M. Hume Through Portugal ix. 303 A long, low, fortress-like structure, with..turrets.

1931 Amer. Mercury Feb. 240/1 In his later years Vance's fortress-like health began to give way.

2011 National Trust Mag. Summer 70/2 The blue-grey mass of its escarpment looks formidably fortress-like.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fortressv.

Brit.

/ˈfɔːtrᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈfɔrtrəs/

Etymology: < fortress n.

transitive. To furnish with a fortress or fortifications; to protect with or as with a fortress. Chiefly transferred and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > secure or protect

fence1435

munite1533

fortress1542

entrench1559

bulwark1610

antidote1630

retrench1705

vaccinate1809

inoculate1863

immunize1903

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > furnish with fort [verb (transitive)]

fortress1542

1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier xi. sig. F.iiij^v Hytherto I haue fortressed this my treatise w^t the sayenges of y^e godly learned Doctors.

1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (xii.) f. 232 That holy hyghe mount of Sion wel fortreced and turretted.

1546 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. i. lii. 390 Our most puissant..King fortressed his most flourishing monarchy..with all things that a man can invent.

1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida Induct. sig. A4^v So impregnably fortrest with his own content.

1652 G. Wharton tr. J. Rothmann Chiromancy Ded., in Wks. (1683) 2 Learning is best Fortress'd of those by whom she is most understood.

1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. p. xvii Want was the prime foe these hardy exodists had to fortress themselves against.

1857 Fraser's Mag. 56 499 Those grassy banks that fortressed him and his household from the rage of waters.

Derivatives

ˈfortressed adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [adjective] > furnished with fort

fortressed1542

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [adjective] > protected or defended

munite?1440

well-fenced?1510

fortified1538

defended?1572

protected1599

fortressed1895

1542 T. Becon David's Harpe in Wks. (1564) 159 b There was no kyngdom so inuincible, strong, and fortressed, but that he..was able easly to ouercome.

18.. J. R. Lowell To W. L. Garrison in Poems (1890) I. 284 The lesson taught of old..In our single manhood to be bold, Fortressed in conscience.

1895 Reliquary Oct. 194 The stern, severe, massive fortressed work of their sister city, Florence.

ˈfortressing n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun]

warec893

mundbyrdeOE

mundOE

forhillinga1300

hillinga1300

weringa1300

warranting1303

garrisonc1320

defencec1325

defendingc1350

protectionc1350

garnisonc1386

safe warda1398

warrantise?a1400

safeguard1421

safekeeping1425

defension?a1439

defendancec1450

warisonc1450

propugnation1575

guard1576

fortifying1580

debate1581

shielding1581

shrouda1586

patronage1590

shrouding1615

fortressing?1624

munification1653

fencinga1661

castleward1674

fending1771

safeguardance1897

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] > furnishing with fort

fortressing?1624

?1624 G. Chapman tr. Crowne Homers Wks. 107 (Venus) that owes in Fate the fortressing, Of all Maritimall Cyprus.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fortress
释义	fortressn. Brit. /ˈfɔːtrᵻs/, U.S. /ˈfɔrtrəs/ Forms: Middle English forteresse, Scottish fortrace, fortrass, Middle English forceress (? read fort-), Middle English–1600s fortresse, 1500s fortres, Middle English– fortress. Etymology: < Old French forteresse strength, a strong place, < fort strong; a variant of, or parallel formation with, fortelesce fortalice n. A military stronghold, fortified place; in modern use chiefly one capable of receiving a large force; often applied to a strongly fortified town regarded from a military point of view. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] chestera855 boroughc893 fastnessOE strength?c1225 warnestore1297 fortress13.. holdc1330 strongholdc1384 motec1390 fortalicec1425 garnisonc1430 garrisonc1430 town of war1441 wall-town1488 strengh1489 afforciament1509 piece1525 forcea1552 citadel1567 fort1569 place1575 holt1600 alcazar1623 fasthold1623 afforcement1642 castle-town1646 post1648 garrison-town1649 bridlea1661 palank1685 place of arms1704 ostrog1761 qila1761 presidio1763 gurry1786 thana1803 pa1823 castrum1836 lis1845 Gibraltar1856 training post1867 kasbah1902 jong1904 13.. K. Alis. 2668 Wel they warden gatis alle, The fortresses and the walle. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7143 When he had alle þys forceresses..Ȝyt he þoughte [etc.]. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiii. 192 Kynge Arthur..hadde wele garnysshed alle the forteresses of his londe. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique Ep. A j Divers stronge Castels and Fortresses were peaceably geven up. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 759 There was a strong Fortress raised close by the City. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 428 Those in garrison at Goletta threatened to give up that important fortress. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 Thick walls and turrets at the angles gave the whole the aspect and the reality of a fortress. figurative and in extended use.1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 52^v The hertis of good peple ben the castell & forterescis of secretes.a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 36/2 Affeccion towarde him, hadde bene to hys noble children..a meruailouse forteresse and sure armoure.1603 R. Niccols Expicedium sig. A3^v Her countrie was the fortresse of banisht men.1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) xviii. 1 My Rock and Fortress is the Lord. Compounds C1. Simple attributive. fortress-company n. ΚΠ 1893 Daily News 24 Jan. 5/7 A garrison company of artillery, a fortress company of engineers. fortress-engineer n. ΚΠ 1894 Westm. Gaz. 4 Oct. 4/3 A company of fortress engineers. C2. Appositive. fortress-castle n. ΚΠ 1906 Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 2/3 No Imperial fortress-castle is strong enough to Germanise the vast plains where peer and peasant alike are still passionately Polish. fortress-chapel n. ΚΠ 1838 J. Pardoe River & Desart II. 52 The fortress-chapel of Nôtre-Dame-de-la-Garde. fortress-church n. ΚΠ 1963 Times 9 Feb. 11/2 Characteristic is its fortress-church. fortress-city n. ΚΠ 1909 Westm. Gaz. 22 Feb. 1/3 The buried fortress-city of Jericho. fortress-palace n. ΚΠ 1905 Westm. Gaz. 11 Sept. 3/1 The gloomy fortress-palaces. fortress-prison n. ΚΠ 1955 J. Thomas No Banners viii. 70 A fire-gutted convent which had been transformed under the Franco régime into a fortress prison. fortress-rock n. ΚΠ 1838 J. Pardoe River & Desart I. 218 Our fortress-rock of Gibraltar. fortress-tomb n. ΚΠ 1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings I. xii. 90 I crossed the Tiber at the fortress-tomb of Adrian. fortress-town n. ΚΠ 1937 Discovery Aug. 250/2 The fortress-town..enclosed an area of about 270 by 200 metres. C3. Also in phrases of the type, [after German Festung Europa] Fortress America n. ΚΠ 1951 N.Y. Herald Tribune 25 Feb. 24 The central thesis..is the idea that fortress America could survive alone. 1960 Times 13 Jan. 13/7 American interest in civil defence shelters might be interpreted as implying American belief in a Fortress America. 1966 Guardian 21 Apr. 18/3 A retreat to a ‘fortress America’ concept. Fortress Europe n. ΚΠ 1942 Nation 19 Dec. 682 It was the Italian press which first launched the idea of Fortress Europe. 1944 Sat. Evening Post 27 May 12/1 We shall still face the real problem of Fortress Europe, the penetration of the German mind. 1971 Guardian 22 July 4/1 The Prime Minister..said..‘I have never seen a European policy as a policy of withdrawal into a fortress Europe.’ C4. Instrumental. fortress-guarded adj. ΚΠ 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 Jan. 1/2 Across the fortress-guarded frontier. Draft additions September 2018 ˈfortress-like adj. ΚΠ 1833 N. P. Willis in N.-Y. Mirror 3 Aug. 36/1 Off at the right..rises the fortress-like tomb of Cecilia Metella. 1907 M. Hume Through Portugal ix. 303 A long, low, fortress-like structure, with..turrets. 1931 Amer. Mercury Feb. 240/1 In his later years Vance's fortress-like health began to give way. 2011 National Trust Mag. Summer 70/2 The blue-grey mass of its escarpment looks formidably fortress-like. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fortressv. Brit. /ˈfɔːtrᵻs/, U.S. /ˈfɔrtrəs/ Etymology: < fortress n. transitive. To furnish with a fortress or fortifications; to protect with or as with a fortress. Chiefly transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > secure or protect fence1435 munite1533 fortress1542 entrench1559 bulwark1610 antidote1630 retrench1705 vaccinate1809 inoculate1863 immunize1903 society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > furnish with fort [verb (transitive)] fortress1542 1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier xi. sig. F.iiij^v Hytherto I haue fortressed this my treatise w^t the sayenges of y^e godly learned Doctors. 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (xii.) f. 232 That holy hyghe mount of Sion wel fortreced and turretted. 1546 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. i. lii. 390 Our most puissant..King fortressed his most flourishing monarchy..with all things that a man can invent. 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida Induct. sig. A4^v So impregnably fortrest with his own content. 1652 G. Wharton tr. J. Rothmann Chiromancy Ded., in Wks. (1683) 2 Learning is best Fortress'd of those by whom she is most understood. 1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. p. xvii Want was the prime foe these hardy exodists had to fortress themselves against. 1857 Fraser's Mag. 56 499 Those grassy banks that fortressed him and his household from the rage of waters. Derivatives ˈfortressed adj. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [adjective] > furnished with fort fortressed1542 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [adjective] > protected or defended munite?1440 well-fenced?1510 fortified1538 defended?1572 protected1599 fortressed1895 1542 T. Becon David's Harpe in Wks. (1564) 159 b There was no kyngdom so inuincible, strong, and fortressed, but that he..was able easly to ouercome. 18.. J. R. Lowell To W. L. Garrison in Poems (1890) I. 284 The lesson taught of old..In our single manhood to be bold, Fortressed in conscience. 1895 Reliquary Oct. 194 The stern, severe, massive fortressed work of their sister city, Florence. ˈfortressing n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] warec893 mundbyrdeOE mundOE forhillinga1300 hillinga1300 weringa1300 warranting1303 garrisonc1320 defencec1325 defendingc1350 protectionc1350 garnisonc1386 safe warda1398 warrantise?a1400 safeguard1421 safekeeping1425 defension?a1439 defendancec1450 warisonc1450 propugnation1575 guard1576 fortifying1580 debate1581 shielding1581 shrouda1586 patronage1590 shrouding1615 fortressing?1624 munification1653 fencinga1661 castleward1674 fending1771 safeguardance1897 society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] > furnishing with fort fortressing?1624 ?1624 G. Chapman tr. Crowne Homers Wks. 107 (Venus) that owes in Fate the fortressing, Of all Maritimall Cyprus. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.13..v.1542
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