fluoriden.

Brit.

/ˈflʊərʌɪd/,

/ˈflɔːrʌɪd/, U.S.

/ˈflʊˌraɪd/,

/ˈflɔˌraɪd/

Forms:

α. 1800s– fluoride.

β. 1800s– fluorid.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: fluorine n., -ide suffix.

Etymology: < fluor- (in fluorine n.) + -ide suffix. In β. forms probably partly (especially in later use) after German Fluorid (1815 or earlier; < English). Compare French †fluoride (1826 or earlier; < either German or English; now superseded by fluorure fluoruret n.). Compare earlier fluate n.

1. Chemistry. A compound of fluorine with another element or with an organic group; a salt containing the anion F⁻.

ΚΠ

1815 Ann. Philos. 6 76 When a dry fluate is decomposed by a metal, we can only remove one half of the acid; the metallic fluoride combines with the base thus reduced to the state of a subfluoride.

1849 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Geol. (1850) ii. 152 These fluorids are fluorids of calcium and magnesium.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xi. 105 Dry silver fluoride.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) ii. 63 Ethyl fluoride, C₂H₅F. A gas of ethereal odour, which liquefies at −48°.

1935 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 118 424 Fluoride interferes seriously with many methods for determining iron.

1972 R. A. Jackson Mechanism iv. 85 When aliphatic fluorides are dissolved in antimony pentafluoride, a reversible reaction leads to the formation of carbonium ions.

2005 R. E. Newnham Properties of Materials xiv. 143 Piezomagnetism has been demonstrated in cobalt fluoride.

2. Fluorine-containing salts added to water supplies, toothpaste, etc., in order to reduce the incidence of tooth decay in the population.The medical effects of naturally occurring fluorides in water supplies were the subject of much study prior to the introduction of fluoridation: cf. quot. 1932.

ΚΠ

1932 Science 25 Nov. 494/2 Dr. McKay will report that this condition [sc. mottled enamel] has recently been found to be due to excessive amounts of fluoride in drinking water.]

1944 Amer. Jrnl. Orthodontics & Oral Surg. 30 631 To the three million gallons of water the city [sc. Newburgh, N.Y.] uses daily will be added about 45 pounds of fluoride salt.

1964 H. Overstreet & B. Overstreet Strange Tactics Extremism xiv. 216 Fluoride begins to be toxic at about 25 parts per million. Where it is added to water supplies..the proportion used is 1 part per million.

1985 Which? Jan. 20/1 The best way to apply fluoride is a fluoride toothpaste.

1993 New Haven (Connecticut) Reg. 18 Aug. 16/3 The overwhelming benefits of fluoride in water in terms of preventing cavities, allowing young children to have a life of good teeth and maintaining those teeth into older life.

2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) p. II/2 The fluoride put in Irish water is actually a cocktail of chemicals, including arsenic and lead, that is a by-product of fertiliser manufacture.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	fluoride
释义	fluoriden. Brit. /ˈflʊərʌɪd/, /ˈflɔːrʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈflʊˌraɪd/, /ˈflɔˌraɪd/ Forms: α. 1800s– fluoride. β. 1800s– fluorid. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: fluorine n., -ide suffix. Etymology: < fluor- (in fluorine n.) + -ide suffix. In β. forms probably partly (especially in later use) after German Fluorid (1815 or earlier; < English). Compare French †fluoride (1826 or earlier; < either German or English; now superseded by fluorure fluoruret n.). Compare earlier fluate n. 1. Chemistry. A compound of fluorine with another element or with an organic group; a salt containing the anion F⁻. ΚΠ 1815 Ann. Philos. 6 76 When a dry fluate is decomposed by a metal, we can only remove one half of the acid; the metallic fluoride combines with the base thus reduced to the state of a subfluoride. 1849 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Geol. (1850) ii. 152 These fluorids are fluorids of calcium and magnesium. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xi. 105 Dry silver fluoride. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) ii. 63 Ethyl fluoride, C₂H₅F. A gas of ethereal odour, which liquefies at −48°. 1935 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 118 424 Fluoride interferes seriously with many methods for determining iron. 1972 R. A. Jackson Mechanism iv. 85 When aliphatic fluorides are dissolved in antimony pentafluoride, a reversible reaction leads to the formation of carbonium ions. 2005 R. E. Newnham Properties of Materials xiv. 143 Piezomagnetism has been demonstrated in cobalt fluoride. 2. Fluorine-containing salts added to water supplies, toothpaste, etc., in order to reduce the incidence of tooth decay in the population.The medical effects of naturally occurring fluorides in water supplies were the subject of much study prior to the introduction of fluoridation: cf. quot. 1932. ΚΠ 1932 Science 25 Nov. 494/2 Dr. McKay will report that this condition [sc. mottled enamel] has recently been found to be due to excessive amounts of fluoride in drinking water.] 1944 Amer. Jrnl. Orthodontics & Oral Surg. 30 631 To the three million gallons of water the city [sc. Newburgh, N.Y.] uses daily will be added about 45 pounds of fluoride salt. 1964 H. Overstreet & B. Overstreet Strange Tactics Extremism xiv. 216 Fluoride begins to be toxic at about 25 parts per million. Where it is added to water supplies..the proportion used is 1 part per million. 1985 Which? Jan. 20/1 The best way to apply fluoride is a fluoride toothpaste. 1993 New Haven (Connecticut) Reg. 18 Aug. 16/3 The overwhelming benefits of fluoride in water in terms of preventing cavities, allowing young children to have a life of good teeth and maintaining those teeth into older life. 2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) p. II/2 The fluoride put in Irish water is actually a cocktail of chemicals, including arsenic and lead, that is a by-product of fertiliser manufacture. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1815
随便看	remotivating remotivation remotivations remotive remou remoulade remoulade sauce remoulades remould remould tyre remoulded remoulding remoulds remount remount depot remount horse remount stable remounted remounting remounts removabilities removability removable removable and promovable removableness