firedadj.

Brit.

/ˈfʌɪəd/, U.S.

/ˈfaɪ(ə)rd/

Forms: see fire v.¹ and -ed suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: fire v.¹, -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < fire v.¹ + -ed suffix¹. In early use frequently after classical Latin ignītus ignite adj.

†1. Designating gold whose purity has been tested by heating it with fire. Chiefly figurative, in or with reference to Psalm 119:140 (118:140 in the Vulgate): (of the word of God) proved pure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [adjective] > epithet of gold > pure or refined

smeatc725

fireda1382

fiery?1526

beaten1535

obrize1629

obrizum1670

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms cxviii. 140 Fyrid [L. probatus] is thi speche hugeli.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. iii. 18 I counseile thee, for to bye of me gold fijrid [L. aurum ignitum probatum].

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxviii. §140. 431 Ffyrid [L. ignitum] gretly thi worde, and thi seruand lufid it. That is, thi worde..is fyry thorgh the halygast.

1538 Prymer in Eng. after Vse of Sarum sig. Qv Thy worde is excedyngly fyred [L. ignitum]: and thy servaunt loued it.

a. That has been set on fire; burning, fiery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [adjective] > setting on fire or alight > set on fire or alight

light?1387

fireda1425

lightedc1450

enkindled1549

inflamed1603

incensed1663

igniteda1691

conflagrated1814

incendiated1922

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > attended with or full of

fierya1300

fireda1425

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. xxi. 6 The Lord sente firid serpentis [L. ignitos serpentes] in to the puple.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 929 The fired nuttis [L. nucem..incensam] smolder.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lvii. 130 Euerie peece..Hath a spider gonner; with redy fired mach.

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 5 Were he of stone, as thawed yse should melt, And kindeled finde his brest with fired flame.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 957 The Holland ships also attempted to succour their fired [L. conflagrantibus] Vessels.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 197 To quench a fir'd House.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 205/2 When the surface of the fired powder is not confined by a heavy body, the flame dilates itself.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Dec. 2/1 The gases from the fired gunpowder.

1984 M. A. Radzinowicz Amer. Colonial Prose 79 The sounds and sights of destruction, first visible by the light of the fired houses.

2013 A. Cozyn Buried Secrets 154 Fatima found a fired torch and started to lead the way inside.

b. Heraldry. Esp. of a fireball (fireball n. 1a(b)): represented with flames issuing from the surface.

ΚΠ

?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica II. sig. G^v/2 Ball, ar a chev. betw. three fire-balls sa. fired ppr.

1894 Notes & Queries 4 Aug. 97/1 The grenade, fireball, or bombshell, fired, proper, is the crest of the families of Collison and Leeds.

1993 B. J. Stein U.S. Army Heraldic Crests 139/2 The functions of the organization are represented by the bundle of dynamite sticks bound with a fired fuse.

3. Esp. of a person's mental or emotional state: fervent, inflamed; stimulated; animated. Cf. fire v.¹ 2 and fired-up adj. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > [adjective]

fieryc1325

sorec1449

vehementa1492

fired1561

passionate1567

vivid1853

the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [adjective]

hotOE

anguishous?c1225

fire-burningc1275

burninga1340

ardentc1374

warm1390

fervent14..

fieryc1430

fired1561

feverous1576

glowinga1577

fervorous1602

ferventeda1627

tropica1631

torrid1646

fervid1656

candenta1687

ardurousa1770

tropical1795

aestuous1844

thermal1866

thermonous1888

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] > vehement

violent?1518

vehement1529

loud1530

flame-coloured1598

saltpetre1598

dithyrambic1608

fired1725

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Gg.iiii^v A straunge place and time was bed and night to view with fired minde the pure beawty which is said Socrates loued without anye vnhonest desire.

1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) vii. sig. N3 Cæsar th'inciting fury of his men.., rides through all parts Adding new fury to their fired hearts.

1725 tr. J. R. de Segrais Montrose in Five Novels 12 Our Thoughts flow faster from our fired Imagination, than the swiftest Hand can pen them.

1796 Evangelical Mag. Jan. 7 I feared my bowels would rend with the burning and boiling of the fired conscience.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 105 With fired brain and nerves o'erstrung.

1888 Baptist Q. Rev. Apr. 203 A fired heart is a better instrument for heaven than a heated brain.

1913 M. Hewlett Lore Proserpine 34 The grass-stems spired up to my fired fancy like great trees.

1953 Archery Mar. 6/2 Milker's rock is still there... No one has had a fired desire to add the hunk of stone to their rock collection.

2011 E. Drake-Boyt Lat. Dance i. 23 The tango is a serious and intense dance of complex relationships and fired emotions kept strictly—if barely—in check.

4. Of (a part of) a plant (originally flax): having a scorched appearance as the result of disease or adverse growing conditions. Cf. fire v.¹ 7b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > of or having abnormal mark or discolouration

fired1783

sap-stained1910

sap-staining1910

vein banding1928

1783 Trans. Soc. Arts 1 204 The backings are all I employ, except fired or mildewed flax, both..being improper for the linen cloth.

1814 W. S. Mason Surv. Ireland I. xiii. ix. 264 The leaves..are, by the wet, laid flat upon the stem, the flax instantly appears fired (which is a number of black specks appearing upon the stem).

1856 in N. E. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) 271 The corn on Belgrade is fired veary bad.

1887 Rep. Surveyor Gen. 68 in Sessional Papers Canada (6th Parl., 1st Sess.) VI. ii If the ground is watered after the fired crop of timothy has been taken off, the growth is so rapid that a second crop..may be obtained.

1947 in J. I. Rodale Org. Method on Farm (1949) xiii. 69 Corn in adjoining fields is badly fired.

1948 Plant Dis. Reporter Dec. 508 Brown spot developed rapidly on these fired leaves during wet weather between September 6 and 15.

5. Baked in a kiln, furnace, etc. Frequently with modifying word, esp. indicating the manner or temperature of firing or the character of the finished article, as hard-fired, high-fired, kiln-fired, low-fired, soft-fired, etc. See also over-fired adj., under-fired adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1807 tr. J.-A.-C. Chaptal Chem. Arts & Manufactures III. 261 The paste intended for making the bricks of a glass-house furnace, is prepared by mixing crude with fired clay.

1882 Art Amateur 7 57 They [sc. underglaze colours] are often subjected to great heat (technically, they are said to be very ‘hard-fired’ or ‘full-fired’) so as to unite them thoroughly with the glaze.

1892 Pop. Sci. Monthly Jan. 298 The porous, low-fired biscuit is dipped into a liquid puddle of glaze.

1901 Engin. Rec. 25 May 491/3 The tower panels are filled with fired gold tile.

1961 Preassembled Building Components (National Res. Council (U.S.)) 142 It is reasonably free from the extreme brittleness of the high-fired porcelain.

1983 O. Andrews Living Materials ii. 12/2 Fired earthenware ranges from a light pink to a deep ‘terra-cotta’ red.

2002 Wanderlust Feb. 60/2 The first few floors are built from dark stone, the upper storeys of fired brick.

6. Of a cartridge case or primer: having had the cartridge discharged; spent, used.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [adjective] > types of cartridge > condition of cartridge

live1747

reloaded1808

fired1870

1870 Nature 1 Sept. 360/2 At any point the firing may be stopped, and the fired cartridges be replaced.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 402/2 The extractor holds a cartridge and a fired case ready to be pushed into the empty breech and ejector-tube respectively.

1994 Fighting Firearms Autumn 45/2 The bolt is cammed to unlock and the fired case is ejected.

2006 S. Fadala Compl. Blackpowder Handbk. xiv. 127/2 The basics of blackpowder cartridge loading follow modern cartridge loading procedure—decapping to remove the fired primer; resizing the case [etc.].

7. Originally U.S. Of a person: dismissed from employment; sacked. Cf. fire v.¹ 22.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > dismissing or discharging

fired1902

dehiring1970

1902 R. Linthicum & M. V. Hinshaw Dramatic Reciter 334/2 What about the hired man, Hired man, tired man—And after while the fired man—Who's concerned for him?

1933 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 12 Jan. 13/2 (headline) ‘Fired’ teacher wins back pay and position.

1985 A. Gordon Evol. Labor Relations in Japan ii. 78 The men..formulated demands for the reinstatement of the fired workers, a pay raise, and several other reforms.

2014 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 9 Jan. 2 Parliamentary Service has hit back at claims that severance payments given to fired employees were effectively ‘hush money’.

Compounds

With adverbs, forming adjectives corresponding to phrasal verbs at fire v.¹

† fired-off adj. Obsolete rare designating a kiln in which the fire has ceased to burn, but which is still hot; cf. to fire off 5 at fire v.¹ Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [adjective] > of kiln: fired off

fired-off1884

1884 C. T. Davis Pract. Treat. Manuf. Bricks 284 If it is desired to admit hot air to the upper part of any kiln, this may be done by opening the dampers..at the top of a fired-off kiln.

fired-up adj. stimulated, energized; enthused, determined; cf. to fire up 1 at fire v.¹ Phrasal verbs.In quot. 1847: intoxicated.

ΚΠ

1847 J. M. Field Drama in Pokerville 50 Dr. Slunk.., tolerably ‘fired up’ and in an evident ill humour, ‘paraded himself’.

1923 Youth's Compan. 5 July 394/1 He had my imagination all fired up.

1930 Lubbock (Texas) Morning Avalanche 25 Nov. 8/1 Paradeaux..was playing with a fired-up football club.

1955 Rotarian Apr. 15/2 He..has all of them all fired up about the Anniversary.

1997 C. Bohjalian Midwives (1998) xv. 245 I'm not a fired-up kind of lady.

2008 New Yorker 19 May 82/1 Members of the International Contemporary Ensemble, or ICE, gave fired-up performances under the rhythmically vibrant baton of Jayce Ogren.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fired
释义	firedadj. Brit. /ˈfʌɪəd/, U.S. /ˈfaɪ(ə)rd/ Forms: see fire v.¹ and -ed suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: fire v.¹, -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < fire v.¹ + -ed suffix¹. In early use frequently after classical Latin ignītus ignite adj. †1. Designating gold whose purity has been tested by heating it with fire. Chiefly figurative, in or with reference to Psalm 119:140 (118:140 in the Vulgate): (of the word of God) proved pure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [adjective] > epithet of gold > pure or refined smeatc725 fireda1382 fiery?1526 beaten1535 obrize1629 obrizum1670 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms cxviii. 140 Fyrid [L. probatus] is thi speche hugeli. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. iii. 18 I counseile thee, for to bye of me gold fijrid [L. aurum ignitum probatum]. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxviii. §140. 431 Ffyrid [L. ignitum] gretly thi worde, and thi seruand lufid it. That is, thi worde..is fyry thorgh the halygast. 1538 Prymer in Eng. after Vse of Sarum sig. Qv Thy worde is excedyngly fyred [L. ignitum]: and thy servaunt loued it. 2. a. That has been set on fire; burning, fiery. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [adjective] > setting on fire or alight > set on fire or alight light?1387 fireda1425 lightedc1450 enkindled1549 inflamed1603 incensed1663 igniteda1691 conflagrated1814 incendiated1922 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [adjective] > attended with or full of fierya1300 fireda1425 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. xxi. 6 The Lord sente firid serpentis [L. ignitos serpentes] in to the puple. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 929 The fired nuttis [L. nucem..incensam] smolder. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lvii. 130 Euerie peece..Hath a spider gonner; with redy fired mach. 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 5 Were he of stone, as thawed yse should melt, And kindeled finde his brest with fired flame. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 957 The Holland ships also attempted to succour their fired [L. conflagrantibus] Vessels. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 197 To quench a fir'd House. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 205/2 When the surface of the fired powder is not confined by a heavy body, the flame dilates itself. 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Dec. 2/1 The gases from the fired gunpowder. 1984 M. A. Radzinowicz Amer. Colonial Prose 79 The sounds and sights of destruction, first visible by the light of the fired houses. 2013 A. Cozyn Buried Secrets 154 Fatima found a fired torch and started to lead the way inside. b. Heraldry. Esp. of a fireball (fireball n. 1a(b)): represented with flames issuing from the surface. ΚΠ ?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica II. sig. G^v/2 Ball, ar a chev. betw. three fire-balls sa. fired ppr. 1894 Notes & Queries 4 Aug. 97/1 The grenade, fireball, or bombshell, fired, proper, is the crest of the families of Collison and Leeds. 1993 B. J. Stein U.S. Army Heraldic Crests 139/2 The functions of the organization are represented by the bundle of dynamite sticks bound with a fired fuse. 3. Esp. of a person's mental or emotional state: fervent, inflamed; stimulated; animated. Cf. fire v.¹ 2 and fired-up adj. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > [adjective] fieryc1325 sorec1449 vehementa1492 fired1561 passionate1567 vivid1853 the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > [adjective] hotOE anguishous?c1225 fire-burningc1275 burninga1340 ardentc1374 warm1390 fervent14.. fieryc1430 fired1561 feverous1576 glowinga1577 fervorous1602 ferventeda1627 tropica1631 torrid1646 fervid1656 candenta1687 ardurousa1770 tropical1795 aestuous1844 thermal1866 thermonous1888 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] > vehement violent?1518 vehement1529 loud1530 flame-coloured1598 saltpetre1598 dithyrambic1608 fired1725 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Gg.iiii^v A straunge place and time was bed and night to view with fired minde the pure beawty which is said Socrates loued without anye vnhonest desire. 1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) vii. sig. N3 Cæsar th'inciting fury of his men.., rides through all parts Adding new fury to their fired hearts. 1725 tr. J. R. de Segrais Montrose in Five Novels 12 Our Thoughts flow faster from our fired Imagination, than the swiftest Hand can pen them. 1796 Evangelical Mag. Jan. 7 I feared my bowels would rend with the burning and boiling of the fired conscience. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 105 With fired brain and nerves o'erstrung. 1888 Baptist Q. Rev. Apr. 203 A fired heart is a better instrument for heaven than a heated brain. 1913 M. Hewlett Lore Proserpine 34 The grass-stems spired up to my fired fancy like great trees. 1953 Archery Mar. 6/2 Milker's rock is still there... No one has had a fired desire to add the hunk of stone to their rock collection. 2011 E. Drake-Boyt Lat. Dance i. 23 The tango is a serious and intense dance of complex relationships and fired emotions kept strictly—if barely—in check. 4. Of (a part of) a plant (originally flax): having a scorched appearance as the result of disease or adverse growing conditions. Cf. fire v.¹ 7b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > of or having abnormal mark or discolouration fired1783 sap-stained1910 sap-staining1910 vein banding1928 1783 Trans. Soc. Arts 1 204 The backings are all I employ, except fired or mildewed flax, both..being improper for the linen cloth. 1814 W. S. Mason Surv. Ireland I. xiii. ix. 264 The leaves..are, by the wet, laid flat upon the stem, the flax instantly appears fired (which is a number of black specks appearing upon the stem). 1856 in N. E. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) 271 The corn on Belgrade is fired veary bad. 1887 Rep. Surveyor Gen. 68 in Sessional Papers Canada (6th Parl., 1st Sess.) VI. ii If the ground is watered after the fired crop of timothy has been taken off, the growth is so rapid that a second crop..may be obtained. 1947 in J. I. Rodale Org. Method on Farm (1949) xiii. 69 Corn in adjoining fields is badly fired. 1948 Plant Dis. Reporter Dec. 508 Brown spot developed rapidly on these fired leaves during wet weather between September 6 and 15. 5. Baked in a kiln, furnace, etc. Frequently with modifying word, esp. indicating the manner or temperature of firing or the character of the finished article, as hard-fired, high-fired, kiln-fired, low-fired, soft-fired, etc. See also over-fired adj., under-fired adj. 2. ΚΠ 1807 tr. J.-A.-C. Chaptal Chem. Arts & Manufactures III. 261 The paste intended for making the bricks of a glass-house furnace, is prepared by mixing crude with fired clay. 1882 Art Amateur 7 57 They [sc. underglaze colours] are often subjected to great heat (technically, they are said to be very ‘hard-fired’ or ‘full-fired’) so as to unite them thoroughly with the glaze. 1892 Pop. Sci. Monthly Jan. 298 The porous, low-fired biscuit is dipped into a liquid puddle of glaze. 1901 Engin. Rec. 25 May 491/3 The tower panels are filled with fired gold tile. 1961 Preassembled Building Components (National Res. Council (U.S.)) 142 It is reasonably free from the extreme brittleness of the high-fired porcelain. 1983 O. Andrews Living Materials ii. 12/2 Fired earthenware ranges from a light pink to a deep ‘terra-cotta’ red. 2002 Wanderlust Feb. 60/2 The first few floors are built from dark stone, the upper storeys of fired brick. 6. Of a cartridge case or primer: having had the cartridge discharged; spent, used. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [adjective] > types of cartridge > condition of cartridge live1747 reloaded1808 fired1870 1870 Nature 1 Sept. 360/2 At any point the firing may be stopped, and the fired cartridges be replaced. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 402/2 The extractor holds a cartridge and a fired case ready to be pushed into the empty breech and ejector-tube respectively. 1994 Fighting Firearms Autumn 45/2 The bolt is cammed to unlock and the fired case is ejected. 2006 S. Fadala Compl. Blackpowder Handbk. xiv. 127/2 The basics of blackpowder cartridge loading follow modern cartridge loading procedure—decapping to remove the fired primer; resizing the case [etc.]. 7. Originally U.S. Of a person: dismissed from employment; sacked. Cf. fire v.¹ 22. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > dismissing or discharging fired1902 dehiring1970 1902 R. Linthicum & M. V. Hinshaw Dramatic Reciter 334/2 What about the hired man, Hired man, tired man—And after while the fired man—Who's concerned for him? 1933 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 12 Jan. 13/2 (headline) ‘Fired’ teacher wins back pay and position. 1985 A. Gordon Evol. Labor Relations in Japan ii. 78 The men..formulated demands for the reinstatement of the fired workers, a pay raise, and several other reforms. 2014 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 9 Jan. 2 Parliamentary Service has hit back at claims that severance payments given to fired employees were effectively ‘hush money’. Compounds With adverbs, forming adjectives corresponding to phrasal verbs at fire v.¹ † fired-off adj. Obsolete rare designating a kiln in which the fire has ceased to burn, but which is still hot; cf. to fire off 5 at fire v.¹ Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [adjective] > of kiln: fired off fired-off1884 1884 C. T. Davis Pract. Treat. Manuf. Bricks 284 If it is desired to admit hot air to the upper part of any kiln, this may be done by opening the dampers..at the top of a fired-off kiln. fired-up adj. stimulated, energized; enthused, determined; cf. to fire up 1 at fire v.¹ Phrasal verbs.In quot. 1847: intoxicated. ΚΠ 1847 J. M. Field Drama in Pokerville 50 Dr. Slunk.., tolerably ‘fired up’ and in an evident ill humour, ‘paraded himself’. 1923 Youth's Compan. 5 July 394/1 He had my imagination all fired up. 1930 Lubbock (Texas) Morning Avalanche 25 Nov. 8/1 Paradeaux..was playing with a fired-up football club. 1955 Rotarian Apr. 15/2 He..has all of them all fired up about the Anniversary. 1997 C. Bohjalian Midwives (1998) xv. 245 I'm not a fired-up kind of lady. 2008 New Yorker 19 May 82/1 Members of the International Contemporary Ensemble, or ICE, gave fired-up performances under the rhythmically vibrant baton of Jayce Ogren. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1382
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