| 释义 |
filmn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian filmene , in uncertain sense with reference to a part of the human body, probably ‘skin’ < the Germanic base of Old English felma (see note), Middle Dutch velm , vilm film, membrane, disease of the cornea ( < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek πέλμα sole of the foot (see pelmatogram n.); ultimately cognate with fell n.1) + the Germanic base of -en suffix1. The English word (in senses relating to photography and cinematography: see branch II.) was borrowed into many other languages; compare e.g. French film (1889), Italian film (1889), German Film (1896), Swedish film (1896), Hindi film (see filmi adj. and n.).Form history. In Old English usually a strong feminine (like Old Frisian filmene ); but a strong masculine or neuter in sense ‘foreskin’. With the β. forms compare discussion at maid n.1 Early modern English spellings with initial ph- show alteration by association with words of Latin or Greek origin showing this spelling (see discussion at P n.). Notes on specific senses. In sense 6 originally after the corresponding use of classical Latin membrāna membrane n. (in Simulacra..Quae quasi membranae summo de corpore rerum Direptae volitant (Lucretius De rerum natura 4. 35, the passage translated in quot. 1682)); in later use commonly as a translation of ancient Greek εἴδωλον (see idol n.); compare Lucretius's use of classical Latin simulacrum simulacrum n. in the text translated in quot. 1682. Old English felma. Old English felma is securely attested in the compound ǣgerfelma membrane of an egg (one isolated attestation), and apparently also as simplex in the gloss felmum (dative plural, rendering Latin cittis ) in a mid 10th-cent. manuscript (Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek 32) copied by a continental scribe, although this has sometimes been regarded as an error for *felmenum (compare quot. OE at sense 1a both for the probable source and for a close parallel to the presumed error). I. In general senses. 1. the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > outer covering > skin or membrane eOE (Royal) (1865) ii. xxi. 204 Her sint tacn aheardodre lifre, ge on þam læppum & healocum & filmenum. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens (1974) 183 [Mala punica] cittis [granisque rubentibus referta] : i. tenuis pellis, fylmenum [altered from fylmum]. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 241 Rethina, þat is þe þinne skyn..þat is clepid þe vilm of þe iȝe. (Harl. 221) 160 Fylme of a notte, or oþer lyke, folliculus. 1530 J. Palsgrave 220/1 Fylme that covereth the brayne, taye. 1562 W. Turner f. 31v Rounde cornes diuided one from an other by filmes yt rynne betwene. 1572 J. Jones ii. f. 18 A skinne, pellicle, or philme. 1583 P. Barrough i. ix. 10 The filmes and tunicles of the stomacke. 1615 H. Crooke vii. xxv. 611 In the hole of Hearing neere that hard bone, there is a thin Filme like a Cobweb the driest of all the Membranes of the body. 1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Anat. Brain in i. 57 Besides, this Meninx or Film of the Brain admits two Arteries from either side. 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Reflect. Agric. vi. 47 in In a Wallnut..one part goes to make a Green, Tough, and Bitter Bark, another part the Shell lin'd with Films. 1743 W. Ellis (ed. 2) III. 193 Twelve Eggs, their Shells being only bruised, but the Films not broken. 1764 T. Harmer i. vii. 313 The papyrus, a sort of bulrush..whose stalk was covered with several films, or inner skins, on which they wrote. 1888 9 76 It is well..to separate some clean portions of the outer or dermal film. 1888 J. M. Clarke in 2 254 The visual area..may be covered by a smooth, continuous epithelial film or cornea. 1904 A. H. Buck (rev. ed.) VII. 298/1 Here the terminal mass of gray matter is surrounded only by a thin film of white matter. 1939 E. A. Bessey (new ed.) xi. 311 The spore-fruits are external and vary from a more or less felt-like film to a thin crust or to firm shelf-like structures standing out from the substratum. 2010 B. Hulin 138 Remove the film covering the brain and any sinews or veins. the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > glans penis > integument of OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) vi. 226 Swa hwilc hysecild swa ne bið ymbsniden on þam fylmene his flæsces, his sawul losað: for þan ðe he aydlode min wed. OE Ælfric (Claud.) xvii. 11 Emsniðað þæt flæsc eowres fylmenes [c1175 Cambr. Univ. Libr. fylmennes]; þæt beo tacn mines weddes betwux me & eow. the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [noun] > tongue a1656 Bp. J. Hall (1660) ii. 101 This loose, and busie filme, which we carry in our mouths. 2. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > film or web the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > film or web > specifically in dying person OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) xxvii. 401 Ða mid þysum wordum feollon swilce fylmene of his eagum, & he þærrihte gesihðe underfeng, & to fulluhte beah. 1575 G. Turberville 300 There is another disease in the eye, called a Filme, whiche commeth sometimes of disease in the head. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. 367 The webs, filmes, and cataracts which trouble the eyesight. 1680 8 The Film or Cataract is Cured by the Pouder of Sugar-Candy, Tutty, white Coperas, mixt equal parts. 1712 A. Pope Messiah in No. 349 He from thick Films shall purge the visual Ray. 1730 W. Burdon 58 If a Philm grows over the Eye. 1762 L. Sterne VI. x. 45 The film forsook his eyes for a moment. 1822 W. Hazlitt I. vii. 147 An odd fancy, like a film before the eye. 1876 L. Morris ii. 26 O'er his glaring eyes the films of death Crept. 1910 M. F. Smithes iii. 17 His poor eyes with the white films drawn over them. 1919 C. A. Wood in III. 45 The skim-milk film of vernal conjunctivitis is not seen on the lid in trachoma. 2000 S. Henderson i. ii. 70 His shiny black eyes turned dull with the film of death. 2007 G. M. Woerlee v. 133 Light entering her eyes must pass through this thick white film covering the corneas of both her eyes. 1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin I. i. 60 The euill spirit, instantly spreadeth a filme [Fr. taye] ouer theyr eyes. a1711 T. Ken Psyche iv, in (1721) IV. 253 From sensual Films when free'd, she saw strange sights. 1846 G. Grote I. i. xvi. 598 They looked at the past with a film of faith over their eyes. 1878 E. Bayley iv. 82 You cover the pupil of the spiritual eye with a thick film of deceit. 1933 Dec. 7/2 Lou tried, by blinking, to dispel the thin film of rage before his eyes. 1982 29 July 18/3 He..had a little film of anger covering his eyes when the guard at the gate up at Attica tried to shake hands goodbye. 2000 A. K. Nardo in K. A. Pruitt & C. W. Durham 74 Whereas Adam's vision must be purged of the film of sin, Dorothea's innocent blindness is purged by bitter experience. the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer > thin 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach iv. f. 184 The Hony..is couered with a thinne rine, or filme [L. membrana]. 1665 (Royal Soc.) 1 34 A slimy film floated on the top of the water. 1705 F. Fuller 21 Cover'd with an oily Film of several Colours. 1730 J. Thomson Winter in 220 An icy gale..o'er the pool Breathes a blue film. 1785 W. Cowper iv. 292 The sooty films that play upon the bars. 1806 15 148 A semi-transparent white film, which proved to be new cuticle. 1812 H. Davy 294 A reddish film which burns like phosphorus is deposited. 1851 J. Ruskin I. xx. 218 The pearly film of the Nautilus shell. 1902 13 June 5/2 After the storm had subsided all the rain-water butts were covered with a film of yellow powder. 1965 M. Spark vi. 199 She dipped her face cloth below the surface of the dusty film on the water in the jug. 1971 Mar. 13 The clothes, the twin mattresses and my brother's bedside table are covered with a dark grey greasy film. 2010 19 Sept. (Homesplus section) g3/1 You'll see uneven coloration as the thin film of plastic wears off those areas nearby that have more wood fibres than plastic. the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [noun] > thread-like object 1597 W. Shakespeare i. iv. 64 The collers crickets bones, the lash of filmes . View more context for this quotation 1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid i. 19 Slender filmes her softer sides inuest. Haire into leaues, her Armes to branches grow. 1781 W. Cowper 73 When..floating films envelope every thorn. a1822 P. B. Shelley Magic Plant in (1862) 19 Floating on the line Which, like a film in purest space, divided The heaven beneath the water from the heaven Above the clouds. 1849 J. Ruskin iv. 102 A riband..spoils all that is near its wretched film of an existence. 1859 I. Taylor 203 We must not trust ourselves to any such films of correspondence. 1923 23 July A monster half her size, now stalking her, a film of thread dangling from its horrid mouth, evidently intent upon a meal. 1978 15 Nov. 14/7 Their faces soon became..masked by cobwebby films. 2003 O. Phillips vi. 41 You should see a delicate whitish film or thread of astral substance, faintly luminous, stretching from each fingertip. the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > thin plate or layer > extremely thin 1635 F. Quarles ii. x. 102 The painted filme but of a stronger Bubble. 1642 H. More 11 The externall form of this large flowing stole, My Muse so as she might above displaid: But th' inward triple golden film to unroll. 1747 W. Gould 54 These wings are composed of exceeding fine and thin Films. 1803 J. Robison II. 677 An ingot..appears fine, even when cut through with a chizel, because this carries a film along with it from the surface, which covers the rest. 1831 D. Brewster xvi. 138 Even silver and gold, when beaten into thin films, are transparent. 1853 J. F. W. Herschel (1873) vi. §29. 245 As if the two media were separated by an exceedingly thin film of air. 1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in (London ed.) 22 A tube made of a film of glass. 1923 M. Pupin x. 305 He showed that the cathode rays penetrated easily through thin films of metal, like gold and aluminum foil. 1959 25 Jan. (Republic Mag.) 26/2 Mrs. Brothers then lightly scatters chopped tart apples, raisins, cinnamon, almonds and butter over the delicate film of dough. 2006 F. R. Spellman iv. 53 Sometimes the soft nature of metals is useful, such as gold being beaten into a film. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Epicureanism > elements of 1682 T. Creech tr. Lucretius iv. 103 Images of Things, Which like thin films [L. quasi membranae] from bodies rise in streams. 1692 R. Bentley i. 9 Those fleeting superficial films of bodies. 1785 T. Reid ii. xx The films of Epicurus..are the productions of human fancy. 1806 28 509 He mentions the opinions of Aristotle and Epicurus concerning the images, phantasms, or films of external objects. 1860 J. T. Champlin App., 196 Democritus adopted substantially the doctrine held by Empedocles, of perception through the emanation of material particles or films from objects, brought into contact with corresponding atoms in the human frame. 1910 R. D. Hicks vi. 216 Films from external objects enter the sense-organs and the mind, thus causing sensation and thought. 1994 R. D. McKirahan xvi. 331 Leucippus offered a simple theory: these films..strike the eye, where they form a reflection of the object in the pupil. In this way vision occurs. Democritus modified this theory. 2009 H. Dyson iv. 86 Perception occurs when a stream of these films is received by the mind, either directly or through the sense organs. 7. 1833 L. Ritchie 31 The interminable vineyards of the Loire, already covered with the film of early twilight. 1847 H. Miller xiv. 270 An incipient frost, in the form of a thin film of blue vapour. 1883 10 Aug. 2/3 The brown..walls show through a film of peach and almond blossoms. 1922 L. Dalrymple xliv. 344 In the gray film of dusk, police and firemen charged. 1970 19 Apr. b18/3 A thin film of cloud unrolled like a curtain over the sky. 2014 (Nexis) 19 Jan. (Travel section) 26 A thin film of mist clung to the rice paddies. the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [noun] > a covering > concealing 1837 S. Smith Let. to Singleton in (1859) II. 265/1 A slight film thrown over convenient injustice. 1859 E. M. Long 199 Though covered with a film of crime, they are still immortal beings. 1901 10 179 Be patient with me..while I venture to remove even the faintest film of suspicion from one of the ablest and fairest opinions. 1963 10 Sept. 22/2 There will, indeed, be a World Series..but whether the Dodgers..will be a party to it is now shaded by more than a film of doubt. 2004 15 Aug. (Opinion section) c3 I write this letter to clarify what I believe remains a film of uncertainty regarding my actions. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > wrapping film 1917 184 360 A large quantity of thin viscose film, 0.001 inch thick, is produced in France, and is sold in this country under various trade names, such as cellophane, which is used as a transparent protection over candy boxes, in wrapping candies, etc. 1933 40 31/3 Among new products..are included rayon, plastics, cellulose wrapping film. 1951 No. 2030. 53 Ready-to-cook poultry (whole birds)..should be individually wrapped, or each bird should be placed in a bag made of film. 1988 (1990) iii. 23/2 The whole pack is then shrink-wrapped in film and heat-sealed. 2009 (Nexis) 13 Sept. 58 Tip the mixture into the..cake tin, cover with film and put in the fridge for at least 4 hours. II. In senses relating to photography and cinematography. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > chemicals > [noun] > coating or backing society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film 1840 17 218 We must separate carefully the chemical changes which iodide of silver undergoes in the sunbeam, from the mechanical changes which happen to the sensitive film. 1874 16 July 205/2 There is the most striking difference in the behaviour of films containing iodide of silver only to those containing the bromide alone. 1895 Spring & Summer 217/1 1 Roll Film, for 25 exposures. 1928 12 Apr. 8/6 A length of film, comprising a number of small photographs, is placed in the transmitter. 1969 M. J. Langford xv. 317 The top, blue sensitive layer of a multilayer colour film is also sensitive to near ultra-violet radiation. 2011 11 Oct. (G2 section) 21 I continue to shoot negative film to this day. 10. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [noun] 1899 Sept. 36 The very highest perfection in animated pictures is demonstrated... All the latest Edison and Foreign Films, including the Spanish-American War Films, the Oberammergau Passion Play Films, [etc.]. 1905 21 Jan. 3/2 A firm who took cinematograph films of his operations... The films once obtained have been sold and even exhibited at country fairs. 1911 22 Sept. 6/2 The great majority of heroic and patriotic films shown here make United States sailors and roughriders the heroes. 1912 14 Sept. 548/2 A cinema film of myself boxing a round or two. 1913 14 May 388/2 When half-a-dozen persons in the same film write letters they all do it in the same hand-writing. 1923 F. A. Talbot 72 The films emanating from the European studios. 1957 12 Jan. 34/1 It was her favorite kind of film, a musical comedy in full color. 1980 (Nexis) 30 Dec. The winning film, directed by Robert Redford, stars Donald Sutherland and Mary Tyler Moore. 1992 Apr. 77/5 An uncharismatic leading man..and action that doesn't start until halfway through the film. 2010 8 Mar. 11/3 All three of the major [game] consoles have struck deals with Netflix to allow customers of that service to instantly stream films to their TVs. 2013 L. Tropp iv. 65 Most of the film is about trying to rid the astronaut of this creature inside of her. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > [noun] > films or the cinema 1915 June 9/2 Her mother..nursed an idea that her talented daughter's true field was in the new art of the film. 1929 H. G. Wells i. 8 (heading) The Film, the Art Form of the Future. 1954 I. Murdoch ii. 33 Anna never tried to get into films. 1962 12 Apr. 645/2 Is film any more fundamentally mechanical than, say, architecture? 1985 E. Buscombe in B. Nichols II. 94 In other respects too film has developed like other industries. 2010 C. Robé i. 43 Both works still viewed film as an elaboration upon older art forms rather than as a distinct medium in its own right. Compounds C1. a. Compounds relating to photographic or cinematographic film and cameras. 1881 E. L. Wilson 352 The film-carriers..may be purchased of any dealer. 1938 17 Jan. 98/1 These mounts are inserted in the projector between two glasses separated by ⅛″ shims at top and bottom, which replace the regulation film carrier or glass slide holder. 2010 41 60 The ScanPro 2000..allows users to choose their lens, film carrier, and more. 1885 22 May 325/2 The herein-described photographic film-holder. 1967 E. Chambers viii. 106 Vacuum filmholders permit the use of contact screens. 2002 Oct. 38/3 Using a view camera for a moving subject requires anticipation and some luck since the film holder blocks the viewfinder at the moment of exposure. 1914 7 Feb. 16/4 It is the plan to have Convention Commissioner Raphun..illustrate his invitations by use of the film projector. 1942 30 May 27/1 Plippin.., former comedian and minstrel man, [died] May 7 of burns sustained while operating a film projector. 2014 J. R. Holloway (ed. 3) xxxvi. 402 DLP [sc. Digital Light Processing] is the preferred technology for very high-end projectors such as are used in a movie theatre as a replacement for a traditional film projector. 1899 Sept. 58/2 The camera outfit includes..automatic film punch, which is a novel device for marking the film between the incidents photographed. 1923 F. A. Talbot (rev. ed.) 88 The film-punch for indicating exposure changes upon the edge of the film in a camera. 2005 K. Malkiewicz & M. D. Mullen (ed. 3) vii. 178/2 There are many small items that are needed:..white gloves, tissue paper, a demagnetized film punch and scissors, [etc.]. 1885 5 272 My outfit consisting of a so-called pocket camera, by Walker, the inventor of the present Eastman film roll holder. 1949 W. H. Offenhauser xii. 549/2 Matte rolls are a pair of film rolls used as light modulators. 2006 M. Wijesinghe 237 I longed for a flood. Preferably before the film roll finished. 1857 15 Jan. 34/1 Paint on the film side with indian ink rubbed on a plate. 1912 G. W. French vii. 151 The film side has a dull surface. 2000 M. Langford (ed. 7) iv. 56 (caption) Metal bladed focal plane shutter opening sequence, as shown from the film side. b. Compounds relating to films and filmmaking. 1903 22 Mar. 3/5 It is probable that no film picture of Mr. Chamberlain..has ever presented that statesman's lineaments so perfectly as the present one being shown at the Palace Theatre. 1907 6 Mar. 4/2 Mr. Laemmle is already recognized as a power in the film business of the west. 1908 Mar. 493/2 It periodically exposes the nickel theater, the film show and the penny picture slot. 1910 14 Mar. 2/5 The companies pay from $10 to $100 for these plots, written by men whose names mean nothing to the film audiences. 1912 F. A. Talbot 329 The Hepworth Manufacturing Company..recently has produced several powerful and excellent film-plays. 1913 Jan. 8/3 The children..can..benefit from the educational film service if the school authorities..undertake educational film matinees. 1942 21 Nov. 11/1 Her film performances deteriorated steadily;..her work in The Philadelphia Story..emphasized her film mistakes. 1964 Aug. 49 The film story, by Burton Wohl, is not biographical but nevertheless closely parallels Charles' life. 1982 N. Gordimer in Oct. 44/3 There his letter was, among circulars from film clubs, bills, and aerogrammes. 1995 P. Buhle & E. F. Rice-Maximin i. 11 He often returned Saturday mornings from a film matinee to the public library. 2012 8 Apr. 23/1 The growing influence of film audiences via social networking and online forums. 1915 18 Mar. 6/6 Suffice it to say that it is the grandest and most thrilling pictorial triumph since film history began. 1915 V. Lindsay xvii. 228 The [newspaper] notice does not imply that at times the story takes pains to be gentle. This bit of writing is all too typical of film journalism. 1948 3 Feb. 4/4 Perhaps an English film journalist may try to paint a truer picture. 1969 L. Gish & A. Pinchot xii. 157 The Birth of a Nation has become the all-time money maker in film history. 1971 A. Rosenthal (1972) 1 The technique of individual film analysis is..not new. Lillian Ross used it to great advantage in her classic report on the making of The Red Badge of Courage. 1976 J. D. Andrew Introd. 3 Film theorists make and verify propositions about film or some aspect of film. 1980 7 June ii. 27/4 Rank's decision was another blow to the ailing British film industry, film analysts said. 1987 D. Clandfield p. vii I have adopted the taxonomy usually favoured by traditional film-historians, as well as film-making and granting agencies. 1990 Sept. 140/2 Clever reviewers or film journalists tend to adopt a superior attitude to what they call Tinseltown. 2001 K. M. Anderson-Levitt in R. B. Métraux & M. Mead Introd. p. x In a contemporary review, David Landes found the film analysis the weakest part of the book. 2010 2 July 28/1 The Twilight series may be the only vampire saga in film history in which the vampires fear the virgins. (c) 1913 7 Aug. 7/3 Suzanne Grandais in France stands for all that is best in studio film acting. 1954 6 Mar. 17/5 He studied dramatic art,..going on to stock and film acting and thence into radio and video production. 2000 Apr. 454 Black's film acting has won him notice from Hollywood. 1911 Apr. 365/2 Film actors and actresses get large salaries. 1981 J. Monaco (rev. ed.) i. 33 It has become a truism that a stage actor acts with his voice, while a film actor uses his face. 2008 R. Moore & G. Owen (2009) v. 118 There was a great deal of snobbery about being a film actor versus a television actor. 1911 Apr. 365/2 Film actors and actresses get large salaries. 1973 A. Slide vi. 93 Lillian Gish must surely be the only film actress from the silent era to have become a legend in her own lifetime. 2010 (National ed.) 25 Jan. c4/4 Film actresses as famous as Ms. Johansson tend to create their own discomfort zones onstage. 1912 31 May 1/7 (advt.) ‘The Vagabonds’ a film adaptation of Trowbridge's famous poem. 1960 23 Apr. d6/3 David Niven is the drama critic, Doris Day his patient wife in the Capitol's film adaptation of..‘Please Don't Eat The Daisies’. 2011 S. Kanfer iv. 101 The author grumbled about film adaptations of his work. 1915 11 May 10/2 Some of the movies..are incorporated in the ‘film archives’, which already contain over 2,000 films for future use. 1987 D. Clandfield vi. 112 From 1927 to 1935 he made six silhouette films that are now in the National Film Archives. 2011 C. Frick iv. 115 The regional film archives existing in Latin America were largely privately run. 1908 16 May 3/2 The Berien Springs bank was turned over to the film company and the sign which adorned its front was changed to read ‘The Northfield Bank’. 1962 10 Aug. 4/5 A young Dublin man who recently formed his own film company has just finished producing his first feature film. 2015 (Nexis) 19 Mar. More Chinese film companies are making further inroads into the international market. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] 1919 11 May 3/3 The film crew went into action. 1976 14 Aug. 592/2 Sudan barred the entry into the country of a British Broadcasting Co. film crew. 2012 R. Zone xviii. 220 To photograph fast action on the track, the film crew had two highspeed camera cars. 1914 6 Nov. (headline) Film director went after substantial thrills, and pictures show he obtained them. 1936 Sept. 296/1 A tireless film director who was forever having ideas and would not rest until they were put into effect successfully. 2009 L. Mosiello & S. Reynolds iii. 52 She earned her own stripes as an actress, film director, producer, and Academy Award-winning screenwriter. 1913 6 Nov. 4/6 The smaller theatres on the company's premises are used for film editing. 1960 37/1 Paul J. Weatherwax, twice winner of an Academy Award for film editing, died yesterday. 2006 G. D. Phillips i. 21 Lean remained fascinated by the art of film editing to the end of his days. 1914 14 Sept. 4/1 None of the films of the cardinals were taken in Rome although this was the impression the film editor was trying to give. 1965 24 Apr. 385/2 Film editors usually cut Sir Alec to sound more coherent on television than he does in his actual speeches. 2007 (Nexis) 15 Jan. Film editors are not in front of the camera, but they..play a critical role. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > going to film shows > [noun] > film-goer or lover 1908 1 Sept. 8/3 Both pictures..are well calculated to stir the risibles of the San Antonio film fans. 1974 25 Sept. a19/5 As a film fan, I note with amusement the often strange..synopses of movies given in your TV Channels booklet. 2009 26 Dec. 101/3 The author has cast a spell on readers and film fans alike. 1910 24 Jan. 2/3 She had expected to behold her film hero. 1955 P. Babitsky & J. Rimberg iv. 218 Soviet film heroes..as a rule shared the ethnic nationality and socio-economic class of Communist Party members. 2012 W. Teays ii. vi. 217 In 2003 the American Film Institute voted Finch the greatest film hero of all time. 1912 31 July 6/5 If we single out one picture for comment..it is merely because a romance of film-making attaches to it. 1944 J. S. Huxley iii. 37 Wartime film-making..is making the movie a comprehensive and faithful mirror for the wartime life and purpose of peoples. 2016 18 Apr. 8/2 The meta-fiction blends..a kaleidoscopic twist on the very concept of personal filmmaking with the intimate astonishments of the directors' do-it-yourself artistry. 1916 C. Van Vechten 54 Illustration, comment, piquant or serious, that's what the new film music should be. 1982 25 July 41/6 In his film music he made bold use of the technique of montage. 2014 (Nexis) 15 Dec. Film music is significant because it deepens the audiences' understanding of the dialogue and imagery in the movie. 1914 R. Grau xiii. 275 Daniel Frohman, who attends all the film premières, was not in evidence. 1958 11 Aug. 11/3 Mrs. Roebling..is usually to be seen..at film premières, at art shows, at headline parties. 2001 20 Mar. ii. 14/5 Only 240 days to go until the Harry Potter film premiere. 1905 22 Dec. 1002/2 Where is the remedy for cinematograph film piracy?.. Reputable film producers should..take concerted action in the matter. 1967 Nov. 140/2 Film producers had begun to realise the theoretical possibilities of montage. 2011 B. A. Drew 324 George Pelecanos has also been a film producer and was a..writer for the HBO series The Wire. 1908 15 Aug. 10/3 Picture fans are revelling in the charms of the very latest Edison film production. 1935 H. G. Wells 13 The incorporation of original music in film production is still..an unsolved problem. 2010 (Nexis) 1 Apr. 20/6 The outlook for UK film production may be sunnier than last year, but competition..is heating up. 1908 28 Nov. 10/1 Late Film Review. In the review of films which follows it will be observed that the approach of the holiday season has its influence. 1957 Mar. 3/4 Some people may find it rather odd, in a journal professedly devoted to training and education for industry, to come across film reviews. 2004 B. Kosta in A. C. Mueller (2007) 165 In a film review in the fashion magazine Bazaar, Richard Rayner describes Potente as ‘a performer of potentially mythic charisma’. 1913 2 July (Films Suppl.) 85/2 We have an efficient staff of experienced Film Reviewers. 1970 6 Mar. 50/1 Rex Reed,..as an interviewer and film reviewer, has already left his mark on Hollywood. 2005 M. Pramaggiore & T. Wallis ii. 6 When a film reviewer writes about that film, does she present the same ideas as the friends who informally share their opinions? 1911 14 Nov. 8/6 There is a deal on with two picture concerns, and the film rights are expected to net from $15,000 to $20,000. 1933 A. Brunel 194 Selling the film rights at an immensely exaggerated figure. 2014 (Nexis) 27 Sept. It's not every day that the film rights to one of your books gets [sic] snapped up by Hollywood royalty. 1924 5 181 By the constant use in film scores of the ‘Marseillaise’ and ‘Nearer My God to Thee’, they might be considered the most popular tunes in America. 1972 May 41/1 The motion picture freaks..buy film scores made up of classical selections. 1982 B. Hopkins tr. A. Betz iii. 168 Concurrent work on chamber music and film scores became his main occupation. 2009 24 July 18/1 Film scores are composed to support or add emotional context to images on a screen. 1917 Feb. 20/1 The booklet tells without reserve how enormous the demand is for ideas for film scripts and short stories. 1948 D. Thomas Let. 17 Nov. in (1966) 323 My fee for my next unspecified filmscript. 2008 R. Zhang iv. 75 The film script had to gain approval from the studio before shooting. 1935 30 June 14/5 Harry Luce..recently organised an opinionative newsreel broadcast over the American radio network, with its slogan, now repeated on the film soundtrack, ‘Time Marches On’. 1978 (Nexis) 29 Dec. These long, suite-like compositions..bear a strong resemblance to film soundtracks. 2007 29 May 9/1 Film soundtracks..provided atmosphere or..showed off the director's taste. 1912 25 May 29/2 We've a little farm now, a mile the other side of the film studio. 1935 Oct. 309/1 In film studios the necessity for absolute silence demands an air-tight enclosure. 2015 P. Fischer 208 The film studio had plenty of auditoriums big enough to gather everyone in. 1909 17 Apr. 63/2 The president, vice-president, council, secretary are prominent men in the British film trade. 2010 C. Robé iii. 154 Hollywood gained a stranglehold on the world's film trade. 1911 9 Nov. A beautiful film version of Sir Walter Scott's great poem. 1957 J. R. R. Tolkien 7 Sept. (1995) 261 You will receive on Monday the copy of the ‘Story Line’ or synopsis of the proposed film version of The Lord of the Rings. 2013 23 Nov. (South/West ed.) 65/2 In this film version [of Hair]..director Milos Forman fails to capture the enormous energy of the original 1960s stage show. 1907 9 Nov. 43/2 The Great Western Film Manufacturing Co. is the name of the new concern, of which D. B. Baker, well-known in the film world, is at the head. 1985 M. H. Heim & A. W. Bouis tr. V. Aksyonov (1989) iii. 50 We thought perhaps the film world would change our minds: movie people were always live wires. 2003 P. Lovesey (2004) ix. 110 He was..a witty, confident speaker with a fund of stories about the film world. C2. Parasynthetic. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [adjective] > relating to limbs > relating to wings or fins > having wings or fins > having transparent wings a1789 J. Wilson Clyde ii, in J. Leyden (1803) 102 In the film-winged bee's industrious hive, Some stretch their wings for flight. 1875 S. Lanier Symphony in 139 All shynesses of film-winged things. 1912 June 51 I saw him just now, steeplechasing over the clouds on that gigantic film-winged, horn-protected beetle he loves so. C3. the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > measurement of ionizing radiation > [noun] > device measuring exposure 1945 H. D. Smyth viii. 90 The Health Division later introduced ‘film badges’, small pieces of film worn in the identification badge. 1968 24 260/2 Counting of breaks and dicentrics is a surer index of damage than film-badge monitoring. 2005 164 613/1 The subjects were exposed to X radiation over a period of 8–28 years and were routinely monitored with film badges. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > base 1888 2 Nov. 700/1 What I claim is..the combination with alginates, algin, algulose, or similar alginous compounds, of silicates and resins for a photographic film base, substantially as described. 1941 19 Aug. 23/6 The Kodachrome process consists of three emulsions coated on a single film base. 2011 7 163 The thin black border on the images..is the positive result of printing the clear part of the film base surrounding the negative image. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [adjective] > hernia or rupture a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 281 Men þat weren filme broke [L. ruptorum]. 1610 G. Markham 34 If he groane when he is downe, it shewes either a sicke spleene, moist yellowes, chollicke, bots, or filme broken. 1961–2 Winter 41/2 It is to be hoped that next year..critics, and dedicated film buffs can be persuaded to attend. 1992 J. Stern & M. Stern 220/2 For film buffs..the opportunity to purchase favorite movies to see over and over again in ‘home theater’ comfort..is mouthwatering. 2003 1 Sept. 18/1 Matthew..frequents the cinémathèque , soaking up classic films. There he meets two other film buffs. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > hernia or rupture 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens i. lvi. 83 The leaues pound and layde too healeth filme [printed filine] burstings [Fr. hergnes, Du. geschuertheyt]. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > [noun] > general types of 1893 28 July It combines the advantages of a glass plate machine with the compactness of a film camera. 1920 July 73 Charlie Chaplin must practise his own funniments before the film camera. 1975 P. Weiss iii. 50 A performer helps constitute an incident before a film camera, and for and before a film director. 2014 (Nexis) 14 Aug. (Arts section) 1 Warhol began using his first film camera, a 16-millimeter Bolex, in 1963. society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun] > metal, with a lid society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > cartridge or cassette 1921 13 Feb. (Features section) 3/3 We have had ‘Hearts Aflame’, ‘Marooned Hearts’ and ‘Sealed Hearts’ among others in the film cans. 1939 Jan. 218/2 Another convenient way to fill and empty the film cans is to roll the negatives tightly and bind with a rubber band. 1988 J. Ellroy vi. 69 One of the film cans was snatched out of the RKO editing department. 2007 Nov. 121/3 The Apollo programme produced many famous images and a number of unforgettable lines..but nobody has ever thought to open the old film cans and splice the stuff together in a dramatic way. 1931 A. J. Siggins ii. 21 Tinsmiths and other craftsmen who were making various articles, from tin film canisters to tents. 1968 15 Feb. 3/2 It [sc. cannabis] was given to her in a film canister which she put into her handbag. 1989 C. Bram viii. 171 A grim screening room with folding chairs, a linoleum floor with missing tiles, and film canisters stacked in the corners. 2009 T. A. Bass 171 He used..to work through the night photographing documents... He disguised his film canisters to look like nem ninh hoa, grilled pork wrapped in rice paper. 1892 24 Dec. p. xxiii (advt.) Uses ‘light-proof film cartridges’ which can be inserted and removed anywhere. 1965 8 May 7/5 The ‘Super 8’ camera's self-setting mechanisms are triggered by notches in the edge of the film cartridge. 2013 (Nexis) 11 Dec. All you need to do is load the camera with disposable film cartridges. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > editing > [noun] > editing equipment 1897 C. M. Hepworth xi. 87 The ‘solution’ or ‘film cement’ with which the joints of film are effected is either a solution of celluloid and, possibly, one or two other substances, in a solvent such as acetone or amyl, acetate, or else the latter chemical used alone. 1933 A. Brunel 94 I have myself edited..35 mm. films with just a bench, scissors..winder, film cement, a brush to put it on with, and a bin to unroll my film into. 2012 T. Bond vii. 126 Lying on the floor..were film cans, additional reels, pump vacuum to free the film from dust, film cement, an extra splicer and film leader. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [noun] > extract from 1942 17 June 2/1 The New York Museum of Modern Art has requested a film clip from John Barrymore's final picture. 1958 3 July 30/2 Film clips from Jose Ferrer's film ‘Moulin Rouge’. 1967 3 June 1/2 Norman Prescott has been hired to produce the film clip, which will also serve to introduce the act's latest single. 1997 May 29 (advt.) The first specialised cd focusing on Business..contains..almost 200 fully searchable film clips. 2015 (Nexis) 3 Apr. The film clips all symbolise Sia's..battle with being in the musical spotlight. 1874 30 Dec. 575/1 Another patent medicine in the shape of a film-coated pill. 1921 6 Oct. 23/3 (advt.) Film-coated teeth don't shine. 2002 (Nexis) 24 Aug. f3 Where inexpert eyes couldn't tell the difference, say, between etched glass and cheaper film-coated glass, he chose the latter. the world > matter > colour > [noun] > filmy appearance 1921 32 64 D. Katz characterizes the film-color as ‘indefinite’ in localization. 1964 1 7/1 The term ‘film-color’ will do as an example. To get the reader to understand this technical term of visual phenomenology, we instruct him to look at some fairly distant object through a paper tube. 2003 113 259 The nature for surface color could be different for that of volume color and film color. 1921 Oct. 105/2 And herein lies the difference between the technique of Mr. Silvers and that of the other film composers. 1948 Feb. 67 Vaughan Williams is, as a film composer, best at moments such as these. 2008 (Nexis) 5 Apr. (My Career section) 6 A film composer is usually selected in pre-production, and works closely with the director. society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > rocket > [noun] > types of rocket engine > cooling method 1910 Apr. 15/2 For the class of installation capable of being handled on the pond, tank, or spray systems, film cooling is to be recommended. 1950 15 82 Film cooling [sc. in a space rocket]... Small holes are drilled through the wall of the combustion chamber so that fuel can leak through from the jacket... It boils and forms a protective film of comparatively cool vapour between these gases and the metal wall. 2011 (Nexis) 25 Nov. (Local section) 21 She returned to the University of Tasmania..after three years at Oxford University developing film cooling for gas turbines in jet engines. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > [noun] > technique of 1918 18 June 2/5 This represents a masterpiece of filmcraft, the scenes of the Arabs, their houses, and the desert being very fine. 1963 9 Feb. 5/5 Its sixty minutes contain no remarkable feat of filmcraft. 2013 (Nexis) 4 May 49 One could say there is a concentration on filmcraft at the expense of spontaneity and humour. 1936 5 Sept. 20/3 (heading) Associate Producers To Get Film Credits. Abolishing a long established screen custom which condemns assistants to labor anonymously, Samuel Goldwyn has announced that he will give screen credits to..his two production aides..in the future. 1960 27 Mar. 86/6 His film credits included the role of the courtly Saladin in Cecil B. DeMille's ‘The Crusades’. 2014 26 July (South/West ed.) 33/3 For what amounted to three days' work, I had earned my first ever film credit. 1911 Apr. 182 He..is a regular weekly contributor to The Film Index, for which he was formerly film critic. 1953 R. Spottiswoode & N. Spottiswoode Introd. 4 Established film critics..questioned whether such a film could be said to have any aesthetic conventions. 2015 (Nexis) 5 Jan. (Entertainment section) a9 The society includes many of the nation's leading film critics. 1922 22 Jan. 20/6 His film criticism is unbiased and is real criticism. 1952 15 Nov. Our Union speeches, film-criticisms and party conversations were quite indistinguishable from present ones. 1988 M. Hansen in R. Poirier (1990) 146 Traditional film criticism..had assumed a role analogous to that of literary criticism. 2014 (Nexis) 12 Sept. r3 I would be lying as a filmmaker if I denied the power..of film criticism. 1918 H. Croy vi. 134 The director..gives him what might be called his film cues. 1959 18 Oct. 8/2 (headline) Archie Moore likes film cues better than punches. 1962 14 Apr. 36/3 Capitol has promoted Bud Harden..to director of the department, handling custom recording..as well as the label's TV film cue library. 1975 14 June 51/1 The cuts really sound like separate film cues. 2006 26 Apr. (Arts section) e7/1 The ‘Shower Scene’ with its stabbing violin figures, one of the most memorable film cues ever written. 1912 5 Sept. 3/2 Reports from many film distributors show that the fly pictures have been very popular. 1958 17 Sept. 360/1 Any Wardour Street film-distributor knows that the public wants a boy-girl story, a happy ending..and sensational spectacle. 2005 4 July (24 Seven Suppl.) 9/1 Film distributors are increasingly releasing movies globally on exactly the same day, in an attempt to counteract piracy. the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns 1855 C. Johnson 76 Wilson's Film Fern. 1865 P. H. Gosse 352 Out of the same crevices many species of Film-ferns..project their tufts of pellucid fronds. 1913 M. Hartog ii. 64 In many Film-ferns, instead of producing spores, the leaves grow out into scale-plates bearing sexual organs. 1915 28 July 1/6 Jack Hayes..attended the film fest at the Strand Tuesday Evening... His brother, Frank, was on the screen in a Keystone comedy. 1937 4 Sept. 8/8 They scrap their way around the world in the fastest film fest of the new season. 1959 11 Apr. 14 (headline) 4NCNW's Film ‘Women, Unite’ Gets American Film Fest Award Choice. 2014 (Nexis) 22 July 56 West London's favourite pop-up is back this weekend for its second We Love the '90s film fest. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > [noun] > festival 1913 28 Dec. 10/4 (advt.) Second day of the holiday film festival. 1951 N. Mitford ii. i. 162 She discouraged Hughie from following her to Venice, saying vaguely that she would be taken up with the film festival. 2011 31 Jan. 13/3 The eclectic film festival, now in its fifteenth season at the Walter Reade, has something for everyone. 1933 10 June 1/7 The plaintiff is owner of the Boulevard theater..and leases of the sound equipment and film franchises. 1986 Feb. 106/2 A television station in Windsor, Ontario, was losing its MGM film franchise. Viewers were asked to request their favorite ten MGM films for one last television run. 1989 July 35/2 Producer Albert R. Broccoli heads the family dynasty that runs the 007 film franchise. 2009 M. K. Booker & A.-M. Thomas ii. 44 Star Trek Generations..served as a transition film that killed off Captain Kirk and handed the baton of the film franchise over to the cast and crew of Star Trek: The Next Generation. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > clearly visible > sharp or distinct 1880 R. Browning 2nd Ser. 140 From each web of mist Utterly film-free—entered on her race The naked Moon. 1947 15 Sept. 152/3 (advt.) Leaves glass film-free..and crystal clear. 2014 (Nexis) 27 June 15 This keeps the filter film-free and stops sediment from entering the pump cylinder. 1904 1/1 Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of said mechanism shown with the film-gate removed and portions of the mechanism broken away. 1949 4 Dec. ii. 24/4 The camera features a ‘no-jam’ film gate, which opens wide for loading or cleaning. 2015 P. W. Rea & D. K. Irving (ed. 5) x. 208/1 Once the film claw has moved a frame through the film gate, the shutter opens to allow light to hit the film. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [noun] > mottled appearance 1921 14 Oct. 619/2 The film grain is unpleasantly apparent at two diameters (quarter to whole-plate). 1968 J. Upatnieks in (National Acad. Sciences) 36 The result is an extremely fine granular pattern that looks somewhat like film grain. 2015 (Nexis) 15 Nov. (Arts & Leisure section) 25 A particular standout among the set's newly restored films is Bruce Baillie's 10-minute ‘Castro Street’ (1966), transferred with rich, subtle colors and evident film grain intact. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > [noun] > films or the cinema > realm of 1911 D. S. Hulfish II. 112 The film industry is definitely separated into three branches: manufacturer, renter, and exhibitor. 1968 3 Dec. d6/3 On the question of financing the film industry the committee was somewhat fuzzy. 2008 3 Feb. 68/2 He moved to Los Angeles, doing odd jobs in the film industry. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > [noun] > film library 1906 Advertiser The Micrograph Film Library. Films on hire. 1955 7 Dec. 47/1 The pending sale of the studio's film library for television exhibition. 1989 18 Aug. 10/1 Eisner has decided to plunder the vaults of Disney's animation film library for the home video market. 2005 P. Decherney 209 With the introduction of television, cable TV, and VCRs, studios found a way to turn a profit from their film libraries. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > type of film > [noun] > other types society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming equipment > [noun] > film > loop of society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming equipment > [noun] > film > types of 1906 16 Mar. 214/1 The position of this roller determines the length of film loop between the gate and the said adjusting roller, that is to say, controls the length of film which is fed through the gate by the dog as it revolves. 1934 Spring 40/2 We are still faced with the noise caused by air displacement of the two film loops. 1959 W. S. Sharps (at cited word) Film loop, a length of film having its ends joined together and so able to run continuously through a projector. 1965 20/1 The development and use of a multi-image film loop for training purposes. 2005 E. Aquino in J. Budney & A. Blackwell 98/1 I also created a 16mm film loop of household objects flying through the screen for the McGill gallery. 1843 W. J. Hooker III. 2831 (heading) Hymenostomum obliquum. Dwarf-clustered Film-Moss. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > types of film 1871 63 In printing from these film negatives my practice is to lay them down on glass by means of water and the squeegee. 1932 21 Mar. 11/2 Several hundred thousand feet of film negative were shot during the expedition. 1941 Feb. 207/1 Put film negatives in transparent envelopes or wrap them in Cellophane before storing them. 2014 J. Carlson x. 278 Before the advent of digital photography, a contact sheet or contact proof was produced by laying strips of film negatives directly onto a sheet of photographic paper, which was then exposed in the darkroom to create a printed preview of every shot on the roll. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > film pack 1902 A. H. Hinton p. xvii (advt.) Insist on seeing our new ‘Premo Film Packs’. 1941 20 July x. 11/4 The Medalist normally uses No. 620 roll film, but it has an accessory back which permits the use of 2¼x3¼ cut film and film packs. 2013 D. A. Marshall vi. 275 Film packs were the salvation for wedding photography. society > communication > broadcasting > television > [noun] > recorded material society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > [noun] > incorporation of sound track society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming equipment > [noun] > film > sound stripe 1907 VIII. 335 h/1 Its function is to build up to a respectable value (+10 decibels for disc recording, and -2 decibels for film recording) the feeble output power of the microphone amplifiers. 1937 19 Feb. 429/1 His studies of optical systems, film resolution, and printing mechanisms have been instrumental in the development of high-quality film recording. 2014 (Nexis) 7 Dec. 3 Parts of Australia's historic collection of indigenous audio and film recordings will disintegrate within a decade without increased funding for their preservation. 1891 (U.S. Patent Office) 13 Oct. 236/2 In a roll-holder, the combination, with a film-reel, a take-up roll, and a measuring-roll over which the film passes in transit from the film-reel to the take-up roll, [etc.]. 1898 Apr. 111/1 The Bioscope Automatic Film Take-up is an attachment for the rapid and careful winding of films. It..takes film reels up to 11 inches diameter, and a thousand feet capacity. 1918 55 200/2 Packed in round cans, the film reels..make their way to the projectors in thousands of picture theaters. 1986 T. Robinson (2008) 215 In 1976..American cinematologist George Stoney..came across a fascinating hoard of huge wooden film reels. 2009 G. Studlar in H. Addison et al. v. 95 [In the 1920s] even if they remained virgins in the final film reel, modern women with sex appeal were in. the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > measurement of ionizing radiation > [noun] > device measuring exposure 1947 Dec. 66/2 Film rings can be used with any of the films described above. 1955 (B.S.I.) 67 Film ring, a film badge worn as a ring to measure the dose of radiation, usually beta radiation, received by the fingers. 2006 F. R. Spellman vi. 173 Widely used devices include film badges, pocket chambers, pocket dosimeters, and film rings. 1935 16 June 9/4 Many never attend any other film screening, saving their enjoyment for weeks until a Will Rogers picture shows up. 1975 9 Apr. d15/2 The free series of Tuesday noon film screenings continues at The New York Public Library's Harlem Branch. 2002 (Glasgow & Edinb. Events Guide) 4 July 90/1 Five rooms of madness ranging from film screenings, open mic spots and tribal beats in the Drum Club. 1956 4 Oct. 458/2 Like a skilful director at a film shoot, he brings the revealing shaft of light to bear from the correct angles. 1997 R. Ebert 146 Most film shoots are a state of semi-controlled chaos, a carnival of last-minute rewrites, late production schedules, star egos, [etc.]. 2010 D. K. Irving iv. 68 Weather is one of the great unknowns on a film shoot, unless the shoot is entirely interior. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > going to film shows > [noun] > society 1914 11 Oct. 5/5 James Slevin,..vice-president and manager of the Sacred and Historical film society, is now a knight. 1968 27 Dec. 4/8 Film societies..have increased in membership. 2002 (National ed.) 6 Oct. ii. 28 (advt.) The Film Society has rooted out 20 of the nastiest, hardest-to-find and scariest movies in recent memory. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > actors or characters > [noun] > film star 1911 14 Mar. ii. 2/3 It was the first time the wife of the noted film star handled the hound in the ring herself. 1923 Mar. 180/1 A number of very beautiful women have earned untold riches as ‘film-stars’. 2010 F. Inglis vi. 146 The young film star falls, of course, hopelessly in love with him. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > unexposed film 1905 15 Nov. 6/5 (advt.) Don't forget that our film stock is complete and absolutely fresh. 1979 24 Mar. 18/1 Gusman distributed this film stock to various contemporaries. 2007 J. Udden in M. Hjort & D. Petrie xviii. 146 With film stock being such a precious commodity, producers used as little as possible. 1926 (Dept. Sci. & Industr. Res.) 89 These direct tests of film strength are more significant and unambiguous than any other single test of a glue. 1962 14 Apr. 5 (advt.) So strong in film strength that it never suffers from the split-second breakdowns that speed engine wear. 2014 (Nexis) 17 Nov. The nanotechnology utilised in the Nanodrive oils reduces friction, without compromising film strength. society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > teaching aids > specific society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > type of film > [noun] > sequence of still pictures 1896 9 May 3/9 The camera is provided with a continuous strip of sensitive film, and..a negative is made of it upon the sensitive film strip. 1962 16 Nov. 649 Three new filmstrips, intended for training student electronic engineers. 2004 B. Greene (2005) i. iii. 53 Each page is a ‘time slice’—like a still frame in a filmstrip. 1915 14 Oct. 3/1 ‘Film struck’ is the way a Fishkill (N. Y.) husband described his wife's love for movies in a divorce suit. 1975 7 Aug. 360/3 The film-struck teenager could overlay the face of her ardent but pimply swain with the commanding visage of Omar Sharif. 2002 (Nexis) 20 June 21 Jokes are combined with..melodrama in her story of a film-struck youth from the Bombay slums. 1937 14 Mar. d6 Women who are directing film studies for their organizations. 1946 1 287/1 It is fitting that this ‘Institute of Advanced Film Studies’ (Institut des Hautes Etudes Cinématographiques), the first school of its kind, should be established in France. 1961 30 Jan. 14/2 (headline) Film studies at the university. 2000 J. Caughie i. 16 Film studies has grown up with some kind of shared language, a system of references which provides the points of consensus or argument. 1918 17 Aug. 6/1 The jazzy ‘artists’ of the cabaret..are to be hauled out of office along with some ‘ham’ actors and the film supers. 1955 H. Kubly vi. 105 Most of the town's wine growers and shopkeepers have acted as film supers. 1908 3 Nov. 5/2 (heading) Lyceum name of new film theater. 1932 W. Lewis i. xv. 133 Those he exploits to their detriment are quietly seated far away, in the European film theaters and of those of the U.S.A. 1996 21 May 6/6 The four-storey wing [at the Science Museum] will also have a film theatre and scientific garden. 2015 (Nexis) 15 Jan. The National Film Theatre is currently running a two-month retrospective that offers a few clues into Herzog's Weltbild. 1924 6 Nov. 1/4 The thorough, theoretical German mind is determined to make something of the movies... In Berlin the Lessing Technical school offers courses in ‘film writing, film theory, film acting, film technic and the cultural significance of motion pictures’. 1976 J. D. Andrew 13 By 1929 the number of journals devoted to film theory..indicate that a significant world community looked at cinema as an artform. 2007 30 Apr. 44/2 Film theory has dwelled, with justice, on what is called the objectifying male gaze. 1923 3 60 The distance between the motor and the axis of the film-transport gear is constant, no matter at what angle the projector may have to be tilted on its hinge. 1979 Jan. 36/1 The AE-1 is..an automated system camera. It includes a power winder for auto film transport, a speedlite for auto flash photography and an automatic exposure control. 2003 P. Wheeler vii. 25 In the camera, which is usually close to the microphone picking up the sound, the film transport mechanism has to be very quiet. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] 1922 30 Dec. 4/2 Estates of the famous Kentucky racing world were turned over to the film unit for use in the picture. 1951 ‘M. Innes’ iii. vii. 113 Film units..descend upon the place. 2006 G. D. Phillips xiii. 296 Spiegel negotiated a six-week hiatus for the film unit before resuming production in Spain. 1910 H. A. Franck vii. 147 I swung round in time to find him complacently turning the film-wind of my kodak. 1958 55 All 35 mm. cameras have film-wind mechanisms. 2015 A. Mirabella v. 69 He holds down the shutter and raises the film wind knob to advance to the next frame. 1888 (U.S. Patent Office) 4 Sept. 1086/1 In a camera such as described,..with the box or case open at the rear end..a detachable key passing through said box or case and engaging the film-winding devices. 1937 14 Dec. (Christmas Suppl.) 12/1 (advt.) The latest model of the famous Rolleiflex range incorporates new and useful features, including automatic film winding. 2008 E. Wildi (ed. 7) viii. 158 Do not turn the film winding crank until the end of the film. 1954 10 Mar. 17/7 Remove cellophane or film wrap from un-frozen poultry before placing in the refrigerator. 1992 Aug. 439/2 Nearly all the supermarket staff used tongs, film wrap or gloves to handle the ham. 2012 M. Talbott 134 Add garlic paste to the basil pine nut mixture... Cover with film wrap until ready to use to prevent oxidation. 1946 K. K. Burgum 6/2 Product had been trimmed and was packaged in transparent film in two different ways: (1) Bunches completely wrapped in film, and (2) Film-wrapped bunches with tips uncovered. 1987 G. Tindall (1989) i. 18 Sunlight had come. They must be above the clouds. Toy breakfasts were being brought round on film-wrapped trays. 2014 (Nexis) 8 Jan. Strawberries from Morocco or Spain, green beans from Kenya and sad, film-wrapped baby asparagus all the way from Peru. 1911 R. P. Stoddard The accompanying scenario is offered for use at your regular rates... Very truly yours, A Film Writer, Chicago. 1916 29 July 825/2 (heading) Film writer gets real assignment... Mr. Craig is well known.., being editor of the Constitution's moving picture section. 2003 19 Nov. 89/2 Veteran Voice film writer J. Hoberman..compares The Night of the Living Dead to the SDS, The Exorcist to Patty Hearst, [etc.]. 2009 in E. Grove 272 I think the most important lesson the film writer can learn is that there can't be too many rewrites; everything can get better. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). filmv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: film n. the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > with a thin coating 1604 W. Shakespeare iii. iv. 138 It will but skin and filme the vlcerous place. View more context for this quotation a1656 Bp. J. Hall (1660) ii. 251 Grosse infidelity that hath filmed up thine eyes. 1700 C. Davenant Introd. 7 They do but film over a Sore, which breaks out afterwards with greater Rancour. 1796 S. T. Coleridge Relig. Musings in 150 And curse your spells, that film the eye of Faith. 1834 June 515 That flattering unction which, when once laid to the soul, has no better effect than that of filming over the ulcerous place, and of suffering rank corruption to carry on. 1876 F. W. Farrar xxix. 290 Would you linger by the stagnant pool because its surface is filmed with the iridescence of decay? 1910 S. E. White viii. 446 The inner surface..was shiny with pitch... This pitch had filmed over the old blaze, protecting it against the new wood. 1924 D. S. Muzzey II. vi. 443 They let streams of oil flow from the wells to film the rivers of western Pennsylvania. 1972 Oct. 23/1 Her copper surface filmed by weather to softest green. 2013 R. L. Naquin xiii. 182 I could barely see through the tears filming my eyes. the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > grow dim or lose brightness [verb (intransitive)] the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > of vision: become disordered [verb (intransitive)] > become dim or poor the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > become indistinct 1844 E. B. Barrett II. 272 Straight her eyeballs filmed with horror. 1851 J. M. Neale 34 Eyes are filming o'er in death. 1877 S. Lanier Florida Ghost in 5 Past far-off palms that filmed to nought. 1912 Sept. 105/1 I looked into the pale, frightened face—the dark eyes filming with tears. 1957 17 Jan. 19/3 Then the open water in the fishing holes began to film over rapidly with ice. 2003 (Nexis) 2 Feb. (Travel section) 1 But as he talked his eyes filmed over. 3. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (transitive)] 1899 21 Sept. 4/1 Professors of medicine are ‘filming’ their patients' muscles. 1912 F. A. Talbot xv. 174 He succeeded in persuading Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree to let him film the Shakespearean production of Henry VIII. 1920 11 Sept. 7 Churchmen are invited to write thrilling Biblical scenarios to be filmed for exhibition at afternoon services. 1954 25 Sept. 2/2 A unique plan for filming a TV series composed of pilots was announced this week. 1971 20 Oct. 12/8 Cameras were allowed for the first time to film their lordships inside their red-carpeted sanctum. 1989 R. Graef Introd. 9 The BBC asked me to produce a lengthy television series..observing and filming the police in their normal work. 2005 13 May 6/6 They were intending to frame him in a ‘happy slappy’ attack, in which assaults are filmed on camera or on mobile phones by thugs. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (intransitive)] 1913 28 Aug. 7/5 They did a play in the West end, and..had a very exciting time on Saturday while filming in Piccadilly-circus. 1957 G. Pearson iii. 40 In a mood of high adventure we started filming in the new studio. 1967 J. Wain 174 The chief cameraman began filming with one camera. 1997 S. B. Davis (1998) vii. 108 Brad was to spend all of June 1980 filming in London and Liverpool. 2015 R. Odin in A. Fox et al. xxvii. 600 It then invites them to reenact them [sc. iconic scenes from films] by filming with their mobile, following which, they can place their film online. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (intransitive)] > novel, script, etc. 1937 9 Jan. 25/2 It is filming at the new grand-international studios. 1986 Summer 1/1 ‘Heartbreak Ridge’ filming this summer for release at Christmas. 1994 12 May 11/1 A four-hour television mini-series for the Disney Channel..will film in Wicklow. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > show [verb (transitive)] 1915 A. S. Neill viii. 93 I have seen Hamlet filmed. 1957 17 Oct. 13/6 (advt.) It thrilled thousands when filmed on TV. 2013 (Nexis) 3 Feb. Police..were filmed on television beating and dragging a naked man to an armoured vehicle. 5. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > [verb (intransitive)] > be suitable for 1916 12 Feb. 968/1 His clear cut face films well, and one understands every syllable uttered. 1934 W. Saroyan (1935) 204 I always knew I had the sort of face that would film well and look good on the screen. 1946 26 Oct. 5/8 Two large bars of saddle soap, which films nicely in technicolour. 1996 W. A. Francis in G. Hoppenstand & R. B. Browne iii. 140 The vampire makeup did not film well in the hot, humid night air. 2005 A. L. Press & B. A. Williams in M. D. Jacobs & N. W. Hanrahan xi. 183 The applicants are picked partly because they film well, as evidenced by their demonstration tapes. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (transitive)] > take part as actor society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (intransitive)] > of actor: participate in making film 1920 26 Mar. British actors and actresses..had been filming a picture, the plot of which was laid in Red Russia. 1976 30 Nov. 17/8 The comedy actor Terry-Thomas, 65, is ‘severely ill’ with pneumonia... He had been filming in Switzerland. 1980 23 Aug. 11/6 The bear..was filming a commercial in the Western Isles when he swam off. 2011 R. D. Kibbey 148 When word leaked that Pat Boone was filming his new movie there, curious fans made the visitor numbers swell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOE v.1604 |
