fistulan.

Brit.

/ˈfɪstjᵿlə/,

/ˈfɪstʃᵿlə/, U.S.

/ˈfɪstʃələ/,

/ˈfɪʃtʃələ/

Inflections: Plural fistulas, fistulae.

Forms:

α. Middle English fustula, Middle English–1600s fystula, Middle English– fistula, 1500s fistelow, 1500s fistilo, 1500s fistulay, 1500s fistuley, 1500s fistuloe, 1500s fystela, 1500s phistilo, 1500s–1600s fistila, 1500s–1600s fistoloe, 1500s–1600s fistulo; U.S. regional 1800s fistelow, 1900s– thistelow.

β. Middle English fistole, Middle English–1500s fistle, Middle English–1500s fystel, Middle English–1500s fystule, Middle English– fistule, 1500s fistill (Scottish), 1500s fystale, 1500s fystle, 1500s fystyl, 1500s fystyll.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fistula, fistle, fistule; Latin fistula.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman fistula and Middle French fistle, fistule (French fistule ) cassia bark (c1200 in Old French as fistle ), narrow suppurating ulcer (13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman, 1314 in continental French; compare earlier festre fester n. in the same sense), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin fistula pipe, tube, tube used for applying medicaments, shepherd's pipe, panpipe, syrinx, naturally occurring tube or cavity in animal bodies, quill (of cassia bark), narrow suppurating ulcer, in post-classical Latin also tube for receiving consecrated wine (from 12th cent. in British sources), of unknown origin. Compare earlier fester n.Compare Old Occitan fistola, festola (13th cent.), Catalan fístula (late 14th cent.), Spanish fistola (c1250), Portuguese fístula (15th cent.), Italian fistola (c1300), and also Middle Dutch festele, fistel (Dutch fistel), Middle Low German vistel, Middle High German (in late sources) vistel (German Fistel), all earliest in the specific medical sense. Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (at cited word) records U.S. regional pronunciations with final /əʊ/ from the 19th and 20th centuries.

1. The golden shower or pudding pipe tree, Cassia fistula, which has long tubular pods; (occasionally also) a pod of this tree. In later use more fully purging fistula. Now rare.Now chiefly in lists of alternative names for the tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > pudding-pipe tree

fistulaa1382

cassia fistulaa1398

pudding-pipe tree1597

cassia-stick tree1756

golden shower1882

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Song of Sol. iv. 14 A closed gardyn..þyn owt sendingis..narde & safrun fystula [L. fistula] & canel.

1549 W. Baldwin Canticles of Salomon iv. sig. F.iii^v The fruites that growe in thee, are lyke a Paradise of Pomegranades, with fruite trees, Camphor, Nardus, and Saffron, Fistula, and Synamom, with al trees of Libanus.

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 14 High and loftie trees, as the..Fistula, Calibash, Cherry.

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 53 This is the purgative fruit or pods of the Cassia Fistula, black or purging Fistula.

1952 Indian Forester 78 119 (table) Purging fistula fruits (Cassia fistula Linn.).

1995 E. Foley Dominican Republic 60 If a woman and her husband are dark in color, the pregnant woman is encouraged to drink the fistula of the Cassia plant dissolved in boiled milk, which purifies the fetus so that the child will be born ‘almost white’.

2. Music. In ancient Rome: any of various types of pipe or reed instrument. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > pipe > [noun] > made of straw

reeda1387

fistulaa1398

oat reeda1522

quill1567

reed pipe1567

oat-pipe1586

oat1587

straw1598

whistle-stalka1657

oaten1825

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxxiv. 1390 A pipe hatte fistula for voice comeþ þerof.

c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle l. 70 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 131 Of hym in-to lowynge Vith hir fistule than can scho synge.

1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 185 One sits upon a Rock playing on a Fistula.

1741 Mem. Martinus Scriblerus 19 in A. Pope Wks. II I will have it [sc. the Whistle] exactly to correspond with the ancient Fistula.

2015 J. W. Ermatinger World Anc. Rome II. 563 The fistula had a number of possible reeds or pipes joined together, four, six, nine, or ten with six being the most common.

a. Medicine. Originally: any abnormal tube-like passage between the skin and an organ or cavity within the body, typically exuding pus or other matter; cf. sinus n. 1. In later use spec.: an abnormal passage between the skin and a hollow organ or structures, or between two hollow organs or structures. Also (as a mass noun): the condition of having such an abnormal passage.lacrimal fistula: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > fistula

fester?c1225

fistulaa1400

sinus1598

thistolow1674

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > ulcer

cankereOE

rankle?c1190

fester?c1225

gutefestre?c1225

malemorte1341

mormalc1387

red gownc1400

ulcerc1400

fistula?a1425

esthiomene?1541

fret1545

exulceration1551

phagedaena1567

sycosis1580

ulceration1580

run1648

ulcuscle1794

festering1804

α.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 289 (MED) Of Emeroidis and fistule in þe ers.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 77 Colyk, stranguyllyon, stone, fystel or kanker or ony other sekenes.

1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Civ It is good for to wasshe the fystules with the same water twyse in a daye.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxxvi A fystle.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 318/2 This cureth all wounds, and all fistles.

1670 G. Harvey Little Venus Unmask'd (ed. 2) 19 At last the Pox ends into fistules, rottenness of the Bones, torturing fixt pains, Dropsies, Consumptions, Fevers, &c.

1715 J. Delacoste tr. H. Boerhaave Aphorisms 95 From hence are easily understood the Origine, Cause, Nature, Place, and Effects of Sinuses, and Fistules.

1876 S. W. Gross Gross's Pract. Treat. Dis. Bladder (ed. 3) i. xiv. 326 Vesico-vaginal fistule is an opening between the bladder and vagina.

β. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lix. 417 And fistula ‘festir’ fretiþ noȝt but rotiþ wiþinne.] ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 30 (MED) Þe juis y-dronke with white wyne..heliþ cankris and fistula.1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 25 This vnguent..doeth also profyte muche in Fistulays.a1583 H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) 5 Towching all kindes of Vlcers, Sores, Phistiloes, wowndes, &c.1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 12 It is good for all woundes, fistilaes, and sores of the mouth.1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry ii. xvi. 143 The Fistula in Hawkes is a cankerous hollow vlcer in any part of a Hawkes body.1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 423 It cools Feavers and cures Ulcers, Fistulas, Cancers.1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 360 It happens sometimes to end in a Fistula.1879 J. R. Green Readings Eng. Hist. xviii. 89 Henry, notwithstanding his fistula and his fever, was able to sit on horseback.1922 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 36 222/2 Foreign bodies may enter the [anal] fissure, or an abscess may form from infection, often resulting in a blind or complete internal fistula.2010 W. Trevathan Anc. Bodies, Mod. Lives v. 104 It is estimated that more than 2 million women in the world are currently affected by obstetric fistulas.

b. Farriery. A disorder of horses characterized by inflammation or infection of the bursa overlying the poll or the withers, which often results in rupture of the bursa with fistula (or sinus) formation, and may be caused by trauma and infections, esp. brucellosis. Also: a fistula (or sinus) associated with this. Cf. poll evil n., fistulous withers n. at fistulous adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > other disorders of horses

trench?a1450

colt-evilc1460

affreyd?1523

cholera1566

crick1566

incording1566

leprosy1566

taint1566

eyesore1576

fistula1576

wrench1578

birth1600

garrot1600

stithy1600

stifling1601

stranglings1601

hungry evil1607

pose1607

crest-fall1609

pompardy1627

felteric1639

quick-scab1639

shingles1639

clap1684

sudden taking1688

bunches1706

flanks1706

strangles1706

chest-founderingc1720

body-founder1737

influenza1792

foundering1802

horse-sickness1822

stag-evil1823

strangullion1830

shivering1847

dourine1864

swamp fever1870

African horse sickness1874

horse-pox1884

African horse disease1888

wind-stroke1890

thump1891

leucoencephalitis1909

western equine encephalitis1933

stachybotryotoxicosis1945

rhinopneumonitis1957

1576 Remedies Dis. Horses sig. B.ii The Fistula, or the Pole yuell.

1678 London Gaz. No. 1311/4 A sorrel Gelding..having formerly had a Fistula.

1779 G. Washington Let. 15 Sept. in Writings (1939) XVI. 291 Bleu-skin has been threatened with a fistula more than three months, so that I have had no use of him.

1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman x. 162 Sylph..having been blistered too severely on the withers where a fistula had evidently been apprehended.

1919 Amer. Jrnl. Vet. Med. 14 133/2 Chloroform anesthesia is the one of choice for the radical operation for fistula.

2007 R. A. Baldwin Tails of Prairie 290 The operation to correct fistula of the withers is very extensive and not really suitable to a ranch environment.

c. figurative. Something resembling a fistula in the body; esp. a hidden source or conduit of moral corruption that is difficult to eradicate.

ΚΠ

1578 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Serm. Christening Certaine Iew sig. B.i How horrible an infection this fretting fistula, vnbeliefe, is adiudged in the sight of God.

1622 W. Whately Gods Husbandry (new ed.) ii. 48 An heart diseased with that grievous fistula of hypocrisie.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 5 The mouth is but a running sore and hollow fistula of the minde.

1810 Lit. Panorama 8 773/1 Loquacity is the fistula of the mind; ever running, and almost incurable.

2013 Pakistan Observer (Nexis) 9 Apr. PML-N would..take stringent measures to remove the fistula of corruption.

d. Surgery. An artificial opening or passage between a hollow organ and the skin, or between two hollow organs, created for therapeutic or research purposes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > incision > [noun] > opening up > openings made surgically

issuea1450

fistula1728

counter-opening1739

fenestration1935

stoma1937

fenestra1941

1728 J. Douglas in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 318 Whether it is not possible in some Measure to relieve those Persons (who by reason of their great Age, bad Habit of Body, &c. cannot submit to any of the great Operations for the Stone with tolerable hopes of Success) by making an Artificial Fistula in the Perinæum?

1855 Dublin Q. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 20 475 The pancreatic secretion, obtained from a well-healed permanent fistula, is a clear colourless fluid of strongly alkaline reaction.

1892 W. W. Keen & J. W. White Text-bk. Surg. II. iii. vi. 691 An intentional gastric fistula may require surgical treatment for its closure if the object for which the fistula was made has been accomplished, as when it has been undertaken with a view of dilating a cicatricial stricture of the cardiac orifice.

1916 A. J. Carlson Control of Hunger in Health & Dis. iii. 51 By a balloon method and with a fistula in the rumen, Dr. Schalk and the writer studied the contractions of this stomach pouch in the goat.

1967 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Dec. 589/1 An arteriovenous fistula was created surgically in 14 patients on regular dialysis treatment in order to provide repeated access to the circulation.

2014 T. Lesperance It was Nevada 101 Scientists had been using small fistulas in cattle for years to study the digestive process.

4. Zoology. A naturally occurring tubular passage or structure in an animal, (in later use) spec. a sponge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > tube or pipe

fistula1601

caecum1753

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xxix. 327 The Locusts lay egges in Autumne, by thrusting downe into the ground the fistule or end of their chine.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 187 The whay..is first of all separated, next because of his thinnesse is deriued through certaine fleshy caruncles strutting out like the nipples of breasts, into very many pipes or fistules, and from these into a membranous hollownes,..and out of it through the vreters into the bladder.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xix. 154 Like cetaceous animals and Whales, the Lamprey hath a fistula spout or pipe at the back part of the head.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B6 The Mollusca..have a fistule above the head.

1754 M. Catesby & G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Carolina (rev. ed.) II. 13/1 The abdomen was oval, joined to the thorax by a small fistula of almost half an inch long.

1848 S. Maunder Treasury Nat. Hist. Gloss. 785/2 Fistula, the intermediate subquadrangular pipe, in insects, formed by the union of the two branches of the antlia, which conveys the nectar to the pharynx.

1960 Jrnl. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 76 230/1 Typical colonies of this species [sc. Polymastia robusta] develop a series of erect, finger-like fistules.

2002 K. Rützler in J. N. A. Hooper & R. W. M. Van Soest Systema Porifera I. 175/2 These large, hollow and blind-ending fistulas were considered by previous authors to be the entire sponge.

5. Christian Church. A tube through which communicants (later esp. the Pope) could receive consecrated wine from the chalice during mass. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > fistula > [noun]

fistula1670

1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 53 The fistula, or pipe of gold wherwith the Pope receiues the consecrated blood of our Sauiour in the Chalice.

1848 Ecclesiologist 8 99 He held the chalice with his right hand, and the fistula in the chalice with his left, while the brethren in order imbibed.

1945 Living Church 110 21/3 In the fifth and sixth centuries women were sometimes communicated by dipping a linen cloth, called the dominicale, in the chalice. More frequently, a reed or fistula was used for sipping the wine, especially by the eighth century.

1998 H. Lane tr. F. S. T. de Mier Mem. 67 The Pope proceeds as before, except that he sips the sanguis through a gold fistula, and the ministers do likewise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	fistula
释义	fistulan. Brit. /ˈfɪstjᵿlə/, /ˈfɪstʃᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈfɪstʃələ/, /ˈfɪʃtʃələ/ Inflections: Plural fistulas, fistulae. Forms: α. Middle English fustula, Middle English–1600s fystula, Middle English– fistula, 1500s fistelow, 1500s fistilo, 1500s fistulay, 1500s fistuley, 1500s fistuloe, 1500s fystela, 1500s phistilo, 1500s–1600s fistila, 1500s–1600s fistoloe, 1500s–1600s fistulo; U.S. regional 1800s fistelow, 1900s– thistelow. β. Middle English fistole, Middle English–1500s fistle, Middle English–1500s fystel, Middle English–1500s fystule, Middle English– fistule, 1500s fistill (Scottish), 1500s fystale, 1500s fystle, 1500s fystyl, 1500s fystyll. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fistula, fistle, fistule; Latin fistula. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman fistula and Middle French fistle, fistule (French fistule ) cassia bark (c1200 in Old French as fistle ), narrow suppurating ulcer (13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman, 1314 in continental French; compare earlier festre fester n. in the same sense), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin fistula pipe, tube, tube used for applying medicaments, shepherd's pipe, panpipe, syrinx, naturally occurring tube or cavity in animal bodies, quill (of cassia bark), narrow suppurating ulcer, in post-classical Latin also tube for receiving consecrated wine (from 12th cent. in British sources), of unknown origin. Compare earlier fester n.Compare Old Occitan fistola, festola (13th cent.), Catalan fístula (late 14th cent.), Spanish fistola (c1250), Portuguese fístula (15th cent.), Italian fistola (c1300), and also Middle Dutch festele, fistel (Dutch fistel), Middle Low German vistel, Middle High German (in late sources) vistel (German Fistel), all earliest in the specific medical sense. Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (at cited word) records U.S. regional pronunciations with final /əʊ/ from the 19th and 20th centuries. 1. The golden shower or pudding pipe tree, Cassia fistula, which has long tubular pods; (occasionally also) a pod of this tree. In later use more fully purging fistula. Now rare.Now chiefly in lists of alternative names for the tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > pudding-pipe tree fistulaa1382 cassia fistulaa1398 pudding-pipe tree1597 cassia-stick tree1756 golden shower1882 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Song of Sol. iv. 14 A closed gardyn..þyn owt sendingis..narde & safrun fystula [L. fistula] & canel. 1549 W. Baldwin Canticles of Salomon iv. sig. F.iii^v The fruites that growe in thee, are lyke a Paradise of Pomegranades, with fruite trees, Camphor, Nardus, and Saffron, Fistula, and Synamom, with al trees of Libanus. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 14 High and loftie trees, as the..Fistula, Calibash, Cherry. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 53 This is the purgative fruit or pods of the Cassia Fistula, black or purging Fistula. 1952 Indian Forester 78 119 (table) Purging fistula fruits (Cassia fistula Linn.). 1995 E. Foley Dominican Republic 60 If a woman and her husband are dark in color, the pregnant woman is encouraged to drink the fistula of the Cassia plant dissolved in boiled milk, which purifies the fetus so that the child will be born ‘almost white’. 2. Music. In ancient Rome: any of various types of pipe or reed instrument. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > pipe > [noun] > made of straw reeda1387 fistulaa1398 oat reeda1522 quill1567 reed pipe1567 oat-pipe1586 oat1587 straw1598 whistle-stalka1657 oaten1825 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxxiv. 1390 A pipe hatte fistula for voice comeþ þerof. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle l. 70 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 131 Of hym in-to lowynge Vith hir fistule than can scho synge. 1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 185 One sits upon a Rock playing on a Fistula. 1741 Mem. Martinus Scriblerus 19 in A. Pope Wks. II I will have it [sc. the Whistle] exactly to correspond with the ancient Fistula. 2015 J. W. Ermatinger World Anc. Rome II. 563 The fistula had a number of possible reeds or pipes joined together, four, six, nine, or ten with six being the most common. 3. a. Medicine. Originally: any abnormal tube-like passage between the skin and an organ or cavity within the body, typically exuding pus or other matter; cf. sinus n. 1. In later use spec.: an abnormal passage between the skin and a hollow organ or structures, or between two hollow organs or structures. Also (as a mass noun): the condition of having such an abnormal passage.lacrimal fistula: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > fistula fester?c1225 fistulaa1400 sinus1598 thistolow1674 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > ulcer cankereOE rankle?c1190 fester?c1225 gutefestre?c1225 malemorte1341 mormalc1387 red gownc1400 ulcerc1400 fistula?a1425 esthiomene?1541 fret1545 exulceration1551 phagedaena1567 sycosis1580 ulceration1580 run1648 ulcuscle1794 festering1804 α. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 289 (MED) Of Emeroidis and fistule in þe ers. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 77 Colyk, stranguyllyon, stone, fystel or kanker or ony other sekenes. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Civ It is good for to wasshe the fystules with the same water twyse in a daye. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxxvi A fystle. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 318/2 This cureth all wounds, and all fistles. 1670 G. Harvey Little Venus Unmask'd (ed. 2) 19 At last the Pox ends into fistules, rottenness of the Bones, torturing fixt pains, Dropsies, Consumptions, Fevers, &c. 1715 J. Delacoste tr. H. Boerhaave Aphorisms 95 From hence are easily understood the Origine, Cause, Nature, Place, and Effects of Sinuses, and Fistules. 1876 S. W. Gross Gross's Pract. Treat. Dis. Bladder (ed. 3) i. xiv. 326 Vesico-vaginal fistule is an opening between the bladder and vagina. β. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lix. 417 And fistula ‘festir’ fretiþ noȝt but rotiþ wiþinne.] ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 30 (MED) Þe juis y-dronke with white wyne..heliþ cankris and fistula.1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 25 This vnguent..doeth also profyte muche in Fistulays.a1583 H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) 5 Towching all kindes of Vlcers, Sores, Phistiloes, wowndes, &c.1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 12 It is good for all woundes, fistilaes, and sores of the mouth.1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry ii. xvi. 143 The Fistula in Hawkes is a cankerous hollow vlcer in any part of a Hawkes body.1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 423 It cools Feavers and cures Ulcers, Fistulas, Cancers.1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 360 It happens sometimes to end in a Fistula.1879 J. R. Green Readings Eng. Hist. xviii. 89 Henry, notwithstanding his fistula and his fever, was able to sit on horseback.1922 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 36 222/2 Foreign bodies may enter the [anal] fissure, or an abscess may form from infection, often resulting in a blind or complete internal fistula.2010 W. Trevathan Anc. Bodies, Mod. Lives v. 104 It is estimated that more than 2 million women in the world are currently affected by obstetric fistulas. b. Farriery. A disorder of horses characterized by inflammation or infection of the bursa overlying the poll or the withers, which often results in rupture of the bursa with fistula (or sinus) formation, and may be caused by trauma and infections, esp. brucellosis. Also: a fistula (or sinus) associated with this. Cf. poll evil n., fistulous withers n. at fistulous adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > other disorders of horses trench?a1450 colt-evilc1460 affreyd?1523 cholera1566 crick1566 incording1566 leprosy1566 taint1566 eyesore1576 fistula1576 wrench1578 birth1600 garrot1600 stithy1600 stifling1601 stranglings1601 hungry evil1607 pose1607 crest-fall1609 pompardy1627 felteric1639 quick-scab1639 shingles1639 clap1684 sudden taking1688 bunches1706 flanks1706 strangles1706 chest-founderingc1720 body-founder1737 influenza1792 foundering1802 horse-sickness1822 stag-evil1823 strangullion1830 shivering1847 dourine1864 swamp fever1870 African horse sickness1874 horse-pox1884 African horse disease1888 wind-stroke1890 thump1891 leucoencephalitis1909 western equine encephalitis1933 stachybotryotoxicosis1945 rhinopneumonitis1957 1576 Remedies Dis. Horses sig. B.ii The Fistula, or the Pole yuell. 1678 London Gaz. No. 1311/4 A sorrel Gelding..having formerly had a Fistula. 1779 G. Washington Let. 15 Sept. in Writings (1939) XVI. 291 Bleu-skin has been threatened with a fistula more than three months, so that I have had no use of him. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman x. 162 Sylph..having been blistered too severely on the withers where a fistula had evidently been apprehended. 1919 Amer. Jrnl. Vet. Med. 14 133/2 Chloroform anesthesia is the one of choice for the radical operation for fistula. 2007 R. A. Baldwin Tails of Prairie 290 The operation to correct fistula of the withers is very extensive and not really suitable to a ranch environment. c. figurative. Something resembling a fistula in the body; esp. a hidden source or conduit of moral corruption that is difficult to eradicate. ΚΠ 1578 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Serm. Christening Certaine Iew sig. B.i How horrible an infection this fretting fistula, vnbeliefe, is adiudged in the sight of God. 1622 W. Whately Gods Husbandry (new ed.) ii. 48 An heart diseased with that grievous fistula of hypocrisie. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 5 The mouth is but a running sore and hollow fistula of the minde. 1810 Lit. Panorama 8 773/1 Loquacity is the fistula of the mind; ever running, and almost incurable. 2013 Pakistan Observer (Nexis) 9 Apr. PML-N would..take stringent measures to remove the fistula of corruption. d. Surgery. An artificial opening or passage between a hollow organ and the skin, or between two hollow organs, created for therapeutic or research purposes. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > incision > [noun] > opening up > openings made surgically issuea1450 fistula1728 counter-opening1739 fenestration1935 stoma1937 fenestra1941 1728 J. Douglas in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 318 Whether it is not possible in some Measure to relieve those Persons (who by reason of their great Age, bad Habit of Body, &c. cannot submit to any of the great Operations for the Stone with tolerable hopes of Success) by making an Artificial Fistula in the Perinæum? 1855 Dublin Q. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 20 475 The pancreatic secretion, obtained from a well-healed permanent fistula, is a clear colourless fluid of strongly alkaline reaction. 1892 W. W. Keen & J. W. White Text-bk. Surg. II. iii. vi. 691 An intentional gastric fistula may require surgical treatment for its closure if the object for which the fistula was made has been accomplished, as when it has been undertaken with a view of dilating a cicatricial stricture of the cardiac orifice. 1916 A. J. Carlson Control of Hunger in Health & Dis. iii. 51 By a balloon method and with a fistula in the rumen, Dr. Schalk and the writer studied the contractions of this stomach pouch in the goat. 1967 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Dec. 589/1 An arteriovenous fistula was created surgically in 14 patients on regular dialysis treatment in order to provide repeated access to the circulation. 2014 T. Lesperance It was Nevada 101 Scientists had been using small fistulas in cattle for years to study the digestive process. 4. Zoology. A naturally occurring tubular passage or structure in an animal, (in later use) spec. a sponge. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > tube or pipe fistula1601 caecum1753 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xxix. 327 The Locusts lay egges in Autumne, by thrusting downe into the ground the fistule or end of their chine. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 187 The whay..is first of all separated, next because of his thinnesse is deriued through certaine fleshy caruncles strutting out like the nipples of breasts, into very many pipes or fistules, and from these into a membranous hollownes,..and out of it through the vreters into the bladder. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xix. 154 Like cetaceous animals and Whales, the Lamprey hath a fistula spout or pipe at the back part of the head. View more context for this quotation 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B6 The Mollusca..have a fistule above the head. 1754 M. Catesby & G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Carolina (rev. ed.) II. 13/1 The abdomen was oval, joined to the thorax by a small fistula of almost half an inch long. 1848 S. Maunder Treasury Nat. Hist. Gloss. 785/2 Fistula, the intermediate subquadrangular pipe, in insects, formed by the union of the two branches of the antlia, which conveys the nectar to the pharynx. 1960 Jrnl. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 76 230/1 Typical colonies of this species [sc. Polymastia robusta] develop a series of erect, finger-like fistules. 2002 K. Rützler in J. N. A. Hooper & R. W. M. Van Soest Systema Porifera I. 175/2 These large, hollow and blind-ending fistulas were considered by previous authors to be the entire sponge. 5. Christian Church. A tube through which communicants (later esp. the Pope) could receive consecrated wine from the chalice during mass. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > fistula > [noun] fistula1670 1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 53 The fistula, or pipe of gold wherwith the Pope receiues the consecrated blood of our Sauiour in the Chalice. 1848 Ecclesiologist 8 99 He held the chalice with his right hand, and the fistula in the chalice with his left, while the brethren in order imbibed. 1945 Living Church 110 21/3 In the fifth and sixth centuries women were sometimes communicated by dipping a linen cloth, called the dominicale, in the chalice. More frequently, a reed or fistula was used for sipping the wine, especially by the eighth century. 1998 H. Lane tr. F. S. T. de Mier Mem. 67 The Pope proceeds as before, except that he sips the sanguis through a gold fistula, and the ministers do likewise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). fistulav. Brit. /ˈfɪstjᵿlə/, /ˈfɪstʃᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈfɪstʃələ/, /ˈfɪʃtʃələ/ Forms: late Middle English fistule, 1500s fystle, 1500s fystule, 1600s 2000s– fistula. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fistula n. Etymology: < fistula n. Compare later fistulate v.Compare Middle French fistuler to form a fistula (15th cent. in an isolated attestation). Medicine. rare after 17th cent. intransitive. To become or form a fistula (fistula n. 3a); to fistulate. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)] > form abscess > form fistula fistula?a1425 fistulate1598 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 142, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Fistulen But ȝif a man cure hem perfitelie þei fistule gladelye, and þerfore it is better to reciste þe malice of ane yuel aforne þat it falle þen to hele it vppe when it is fallen. 1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. xxi. sig. E.iv^v/2 If any body ware shoten or stryken through the body, or that y^e wounde wyll fystule or raacke, so spowte therin y^e same lauament lewke warme. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. x^v If this impediment do encrease and a remedy by tyme nat had, it wyll fester and fystle. 1646 J. Whitaker Danger of Greatnesse 39 Till at last it fistula or gangrene. 2013 E. Ensler In Body of World 118 I do not know..why I have a tumor the size of a mango that has fistulaed and spread. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1382v.?a1425
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fistulan.

fistulav.