animal spiritn.

Brit.

/ˌanᵻml ˈspɪrɪt/, U.S.

/ˌænəm(ə)l ˈspɪrᵻt/

Forms: see animal adj. and spirit n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; perhaps partly modelled on a Latin lexical item, or perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: animal adj., spirit n.

Etymology: < animal adj. + spirit n., in sense 1 after either post-classical Latin spiritus animalis (a1250, 1620 in British sources) or Middle French esprit animal (14th cent.). With sense 1 compare animal adj. 1a. With senses 2 and 3 compare animal adj. 2.

a. Medicine and Physiology. The (supposed) agent responsible for sensation and movement, originating in the brain and passing to and from the periphery of the body through the nerves; nervous action or force. Now historical.In later use usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > vital principle > [noun]

souleOE

lifeOE

spiritusOE

bloodOE

ghostOE

life and soulOE

quickship?c1225

quicknessc1230

breatha1300

spirita1325

spark1382

naturec1385

sparkle1388

livelinessa1398

rational soula1398

spiracle1398

animal spirit?a1425

vital spiritc1450

soul of the world1525

candle1535

fire1576

three souls1587

vitality?1592

candlelight1596

substance1605

vivacity1611

animality1615

vividity1616

animals1628

life spring1649

archeus1651

vital1670

spirituosity1677

springs of life1681

microcosmetor1684

vital force1702

vital spark (also flame)1704

stamen1718

vis vitae1752

prana1785

Purusha1785

jiva1807

vital force1822

heartbeat1828

world-soul1828

world-spirit1828

life energy1838

life force1848

ghost soul1869

will to live1871

biogen1882

ki1893

mauri1897

élan vital1907

orgone1942

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 11 (MED) Bi elaboracioun of þe spirit uitale is made þe animale [v.r. spiritus animalis].

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 2386 (MED) The spirite vitalle in þe herte dothe dwelle; The spirite natural..To dwel in the lyver is..fayne, But spirite animal dwellith in the brayne.

1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. §§.iii/2 Physitions teache that there ben thre kindes of spirites, animal, vital, & naturall. The animal spirite hath his seate in the brayne, and is spredde in to all the bodye by synnowes, gyuyng facultie of mouynge, and felynge. It is called animal, bycause it is the first instrument of the soule, whych the latines call animam.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 53 Al my spreitis vital ande animal.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. To Rdr. sig. a8 The braine for the Animall spirite, the heart for the Vitall, and the liuer for the Naturall.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 348 Those conducts through which the spirits annimall doe giue feeling and mouing to the body.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. ix. 116 That part of the Brain from whence all those Nerves that conduct the Animal spirits up and down the Body take their first Original.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 805 If..he might taint Th' animal Spirits that from pure blood arise.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iv. iv. 213 Animal Spirits..are the Messengers, which running to and fro in the Nerves, preserve a Communication between the Soul and outward Objects.

1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xvi. 217 The doctrine of animal spirits.

1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! III. i. 2 The doctor talked mere science, or nonscience, about humours, complexions, and animal spirits.

1881 Science 29 Oct. 510/2 (note) This is communicated to the pore by the thread and causes it to open, the consequence of which is that the ‘animal spirit’ contained in the ventricular cavity enters the tube and is conveyed by it to the muscles.

1901 M. Foster Lect. Hist. Physiol. 268 If we substitute in place of the subtle fluid of the animal spirits, the molecular changes which we call a nervous impulse.., Descartes' exposition will not appear so wholly different from the one which we give to-day.

2000 Isis 91 427/2 Sutton traces the ancestry of distributed connectionist models back to Descartes, showing the place of his brain theory in the much older tradition of animal spirits coursing through the pores of the brain.

†b. figurative. In plural. Nerves, sinews. Obsolete. rare.Cf. ‘sinews of war’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of > strength or force behind war, state, nation, etc.

sinew1560

nerves1598

animal spirit1719

stamina1779

brawn1883

1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 295 The Increase of our Foreign Trade..whence has arisen all those Animal Spirits, those Springs of Riches which has enabled us to spend so many millions for the preservation of our Liberties.

†2. In plural. Nerve; physical or ‘animal’ courage. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > spirit > nerve > [noun]

bravour1695

animal spirits1696

nerve1809

moxie1930

1696 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: 3rd Pt. i. ii. 16 Dinner will strangely dull thy Animal Spirits, which I shall presently have occasion for... Within this Hour..thou and I must fight with all this Company.

1700 Hicks in Pepys Corr. 372 Sights..which others of more passive tempers, and a less stock of animal spirits, could not so well endure.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 53 That the Surprise may not drive the Animal Spirits from the Heart.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xlvi. 111 The player, who had more animal spirits, and less prudence, than Slyboot,..jogged Mr. Bragwell..and threatened to cudgel him.

3. In plural. Nervous vivacity, natural liveliness of disposition; healthy physicality.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [noun] > cheerful liveliness

taitea1400

lightsomeness?a1425

alacritya1460

life1583

sprightfulness1602

airiness1628

alacriousness1657

animal spirits1701

spirits1716

chirpiness1867

form1877

chipperness1887

1701 S. Parker Sylva 211 Old People should not be so generally obnoxious to Scepticism as Young... A Spring-tide of Animal Spirits easily overflows the Judgment before it's grown up.

1739 J. Wesley Jrnl. 13 June in Extract of Jrnl. (1742) 59 Blaspheming His Work among us, imputing it either to Nature, to the Force of Imagination and Animal Spirits, or even to the Delusion of the Devil.

1792 Edelfrida I. 16 The manners are tinctured with that thoughtless levity which is often only the offspring of great animal spirits.

1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. ix. 100 She had high animal spirits .

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. i. v. 57 He..had great animal spirits, and a keen sense of enjoyment.

1847 C. Brontë Let. 14 Dec. (1955) I. 574 Nor do I possess..those unflagging animal spirits..which..is an indispensable requisite to success.

a1903 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1916) vii. 33 At school he was..too dull and deficient in animal spirits to be popular.

1930 A. Christie Murder at Vicarage ii. 15 Miss Cram is a healthy young woman,..noisy in manner, with a high colour, fine animal spirits and a mouth that always seems to have more than its fair share of teeth.

1961 D. Craig Sc. Lit. & Sc. People, 1680–1830 i. 28 The amazing energy and animal spirits of the common people.

1996 J. Lanchester Debt to Pleasure (1997) 65 The upsurge in animal spirits that accompanies the onset of spring.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	animal spirit
释义	animal spiritn. Brit. /ˌanᵻml ˈspɪrɪt/, U.S. /ˌænəm(ə)l ˈspɪrᵻt/ Forms: see animal adj. and spirit n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; perhaps partly modelled on a Latin lexical item, or perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: animal adj., spirit n. Etymology: < animal adj. + spirit n., in sense 1 after either post-classical Latin spiritus animalis (a1250, 1620 in British sources) or Middle French esprit animal (14th cent.). With sense 1 compare animal adj. 1a. With senses 2 and 3 compare animal adj. 2. 1. a. Medicine and Physiology. The (supposed) agent responsible for sensation and movement, originating in the brain and passing to and from the periphery of the body through the nerves; nervous action or force. Now historical.In later use usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > vital principle > [noun] souleOE lifeOE spiritusOE bloodOE ghostOE life and soulOE quickship?c1225 quicknessc1230 breatha1300 spirita1325 spark1382 naturec1385 sparkle1388 livelinessa1398 rational soula1398 spiracle1398 animal spirit?a1425 vital spiritc1450 soul of the world1525 candle1535 fire1576 three souls1587 vitality?1592 candlelight1596 substance1605 vivacity1611 animality1615 vividity1616 animals1628 life spring1649 archeus1651 vital1670 spirituosity1677 springs of life1681 microcosmetor1684 vital force1702 vital spark (also flame)1704 stamen1718 vis vitae1752 prana1785 Purusha1785 jiva1807 vital force1822 heartbeat1828 world-soul1828 world-spirit1828 life energy1838 life force1848 ghost soul1869 will to live1871 biogen1882 ki1893 mauri1897 élan vital1907 orgone1942 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 11 (MED) Bi elaboracioun of þe spirit uitale is made þe animale [v.r. spiritus animalis]. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 2386 (MED) The spirite vitalle in þe herte dothe dwelle; The spirite natural..To dwel in the lyver is..fayne, But spirite animal dwellith in the brayne. 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. §§.iii/2 Physitions teache that there ben thre kindes of spirites, animal, vital, & naturall. The animal spirite hath his seate in the brayne, and is spredde in to all the bodye by synnowes, gyuyng facultie of mouynge, and felynge. It is called animal, bycause it is the first instrument of the soule, whych the latines call animam. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 53 Al my spreitis vital ande animal. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. To Rdr. sig. a8 The braine for the Animall spirite, the heart for the Vitall, and the liuer for the Naturall. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 348 Those conducts through which the spirits annimall doe giue feeling and mouing to the body. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. ix. 116 That part of the Brain from whence all those Nerves that conduct the Animal spirits up and down the Body take their first Original. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 805 If..he might taint Th' animal Spirits that from pure blood arise. View more context for this quotation 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iv. iv. 213 Animal Spirits..are the Messengers, which running to and fro in the Nerves, preserve a Communication between the Soul and outward Objects. 1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xvi. 217 The doctrine of animal spirits. 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! III. i. 2 The doctor talked mere science, or nonscience, about humours, complexions, and animal spirits. 1881 Science 29 Oct. 510/2 (note) This is communicated to the pore by the thread and causes it to open, the consequence of which is that the ‘animal spirit’ contained in the ventricular cavity enters the tube and is conveyed by it to the muscles. 1901 M. Foster Lect. Hist. Physiol. 268 If we substitute in place of the subtle fluid of the animal spirits, the molecular changes which we call a nervous impulse.., Descartes' exposition will not appear so wholly different from the one which we give to-day. 2000 Isis 91 427/2 Sutton traces the ancestry of distributed connectionist models back to Descartes, showing the place of his brain theory in the much older tradition of animal spirits coursing through the pores of the brain. †b. figurative. In plural. Nerves, sinews. Obsolete. rare.Cf. ‘sinews of war’. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of > strength or force behind war, state, nation, etc. sinew1560 nerves1598 animal spirit1719 stamina1779 brawn1883 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 295 The Increase of our Foreign Trade..whence has arisen all those Animal Spirits, those Springs of Riches which has enabled us to spend so many millions for the preservation of our Liberties. †2. In plural. Nerve; physical or ‘animal’ courage. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > spirit > nerve > [noun] bravour1695 animal spirits1696 nerve1809 moxie1930 1696 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: 3rd Pt. i. ii. 16 Dinner will strangely dull thy Animal Spirits, which I shall presently have occasion for... Within this Hour..thou and I must fight with all this Company. 1700 Hicks in Pepys Corr. 372 Sights..which others of more passive tempers, and a less stock of animal spirits, could not so well endure. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 53 That the Surprise may not drive the Animal Spirits from the Heart. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xlvi. 111 The player, who had more animal spirits, and less prudence, than Slyboot,..jogged Mr. Bragwell..and threatened to cudgel him. 3. In plural. Nervous vivacity, natural liveliness of disposition; healthy physicality. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [noun] > cheerful liveliness taitea1400 lightsomeness?a1425 alacritya1460 life1583 sprightfulness1602 airiness1628 alacriousness1657 animal spirits1701 spirits1716 chirpiness1867 form1877 chipperness1887 1701 S. Parker Sylva 211 Old People should not be so generally obnoxious to Scepticism as Young... A Spring-tide of Animal Spirits easily overflows the Judgment before it's grown up. 1739 J. Wesley Jrnl. 13 June in Extract of Jrnl. (1742) 59 Blaspheming His Work among us, imputing it either to Nature, to the Force of Imagination and Animal Spirits, or even to the Delusion of the Devil. 1792 Edelfrida I. 16 The manners are tinctured with that thoughtless levity which is often only the offspring of great animal spirits. 1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. ix. 100 She had high animal spirits . View more context for this quotation 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. i. v. 57 He..had great animal spirits, and a keen sense of enjoyment. 1847 C. Brontë Let. 14 Dec. (1955) I. 574 Nor do I possess..those unflagging animal spirits..which..is an indispensable requisite to success. a1903 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1916) vii. 33 At school he was..too dull and deficient in animal spirits to be popular. 1930 A. Christie Murder at Vicarage ii. 15 Miss Cram is a healthy young woman,..noisy in manner, with a high colour, fine animal spirits and a mouth that always seems to have more than its fair share of teeth. 1961 D. Craig Sc. Lit. & Sc. People, 1680–1830 i. 28 The amazing energy and animal spirits of the common people. 1996 J. Lanchester Debt to Pleasure (1997) 65 The upsurge in animal spirits that accompanies the onset of spring. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
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