field marshaln.

Brit.

/ˈfiːld ˌmɑːʃl/,

/ˌfiːld ˈmɑːʃl/, U.S.

/ˈfil(d) ˌmɑrʃəl/

Forms:

α. See field n.¹ and marshal n.

β. 1600s–1700s felt marshall (Scottish), 1700s feldt marshal, 1700s felt marshal.

γ. 1700s veld marshal, 1700s veld marshall.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; perhaps modelled on a German lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: field n.¹, marshal n.

Etymology: < field n.¹ + marshal n., after German Feldmarschall (c1550) or its model Middle French, French maréchal du camp (see marshal n.). Compare Dutch veldmaarschalk (late 16th cent.), Swedish fält-marskalk, †fält-marsk (late 16th cent.), Russian fel′dmaršal (early 18th cent. or earlier).The t of the β. forms reflects the pronunciation of German Feldmarschall or perhaps, in some instances, of Swedish fält-marskalk or Russian †fel′tmaršal′′ (common in 18th cent.). In γ. forms showing remodelling of the first element after Dutch veldmaarschalk.

1. In early use: an officer subordinate only to the captain general or general, responsible for the control of the encampment and provisioning of the army. In later use: an officer of the highest rank in any of a number of continental armies. Also used as a title prefixed to a person's name. Cf. marshal of the field at marshal n. 9a.Quot. c1650 refers to Leslie's rank in the Swedish army.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > quartermaster-general

marshal of the field?a1560

camp-mastera1569

field marshal1614

quartermaster general1616

marshal of the campa1628

tent-master1648

camp-marshal1670

camp-master-general1693

QMG1758

D.A.Q.M.G.-

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) Pref. sig. A ij^v The Marshall of the fielde shall..appoynt place conuenient for his Campe.

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 234 The high Marshall of the fielde, or maister of the Campe.]

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 325 The Tribuni Militum (as it were, Field Marshalls).

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 167 Felt Marshall Leslie..marchit from Abirdene with the foot army south.

1706 London Gaz. No. 4201/2 Field-Marshal-General Herbeville continued there.

1710 C. Whitworth Acct. Russia (1758) 66 He was made Prince of the Empire in 1706..and Felt Marshal in 1709.

1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 475 The Russian army..had passed under the command of Field-marshal Paskewitch.

1919 F. A. McKenna Battery A—103rd Field Artillery in France 36 Field Marshal Von Hindenburg's troops..were reported in the sector opposite.

1939 War Illustr. 21 Oct. 169 The German Luftwaffe..has been built up by Field-Marshal Goering and General Milch into a formidable force both in size and quality.

2000 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 10 June a16 Sergeyev, a Russian field marshal, did not disclose much to reporters.

2. In British or Commonwealth contexts.

†a. An officer who supervises the custody or punishment of (military) offenders. Cf. provost marshal n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > military police > military policeman

provost marshal1535

provost1590

field marshal1690

provost sergeant1825

Jack1854

military policeman1883

MP1889

redcap1919

shore patrolman1944

snowdrop1944

1690 in J. Wise Two Narr. of Exped. against Quebec 23 The Deposition of Caleb Ray Field Marshal.

a1722 J. Lauder Hist. Notices Sc. Affairs (1848) II. 550 The felt marshall carried chains, axes, bolts and all the other ingins by which delinquent souldiers use to be punished.

b. An officer of the highest rank in the British and other Commonwealth armies. Also used as a title prefixed to a person's name.The title was first conferred in 1736 (see quot. 1736), and was subsequently awarded to generals of distinguished service and to senior members of the royal family. Now the rank is rarely awarded in peacetime.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > field-marshal

velt-marshal1709

field marshal1736

1736 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 56/1 D. of Argyle, and E. of Orkney, Field-Marshals of Great Britain.

1760 Whitehall Evening-post 24–27 May His Majesty's Fourth Regiment of Dragoons, commanded by his Excellency Field Marshal Sir Robert Rich, Bart.

1811 Gen. Regulations & Orders Army 11 A Field-Marshal is to be saluted with the Colours and Standards of all the Forces, except the Horse and Foot Guards.

1887 London Gaz. 29 Nov. The Queen has been pleased, by Letters Patent..to appoint Field-Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G., to be Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's Forces.

1904 Standard 20 Dec. 5/3 Field Marshal Earl Roberts, V.C., K.G., has been appointed Master Gunner of St. James's Park.

1944 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 12 Apr.–26 Sept. 523 (caption) Field-Marshal Montgomery stops his car to have a word with a Maquis guard.

2004 Lincs. Echo (Nexis) 10 Aug. 29 He broke with tradition by becoming the only man to rise to the rank of field marshal from a private.

3. In figurative and extended use: a commander; a leader.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > [noun] > one who has or exercises command

commanderc1384

field marshal1809

1809 Connecticut Courant 25 Jan. He has served long enough in the senate with the field-marshal of Virginia jacobinism.

1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists ii. 61 The greatest literary chief in England, the veteran field-marshal of letters.

1906 First Citizens of Republic 67/2 It has been truly said of him that he is the field-marshal of a vast financial army.

1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 39/1 Field marshal, the chief (master-mind) of kidnap gang.

1941 Life 31 Mar. 107 (heading) A Danish immigrant boy is now field marshal of U.S. industry.

1997 Denver Post (Nexis) 11 June 8 Pratt, a decorated Vietnam veteran, held the rank of field marshal in the Black Panthers.

2008 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 24 Jan. 16 A majority of the state's county clerks—the field marshals of the voting system—supported a statewide all-mail-in election.

Derivatives

ˌfield ˈmarshalship n.

ΚΠ

1803 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 27 Aug. 278 As to the objection founded on the field-marshalship of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, that might have been obviated by placing the Prince at the head of the irregular army.

1906 J. F. Rhodes Hist. U.S. VI. xxxix. 383 His field-marshalship brought him £7000 a year aside from his pay as commander in the field.

2003 Indian Express (Nexis) 2 Apr. The joke caused a furor in Parliament and nearly cost him his field marshalship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	field marshal
释义	field marshaln. Brit. /ˈfiːld ˌmɑːʃl/, /ˌfiːld ˈmɑːʃl/, U.S. /ˈfil(d) ˌmɑrʃəl/ Forms: α. See field n.¹ and marshal n. β. 1600s–1700s felt marshall (Scottish), 1700s feldt marshal, 1700s felt marshal. γ. 1700s veld marshal, 1700s veld marshall. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; perhaps modelled on a German lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: field n.¹, marshal n. Etymology: < field n.¹ + marshal n., after German Feldmarschall (c1550) or its model Middle French, French maréchal du camp (see marshal n.). Compare Dutch veldmaarschalk (late 16th cent.), Swedish fält-marskalk, †fält-marsk (late 16th cent.), Russian fel′dmaršal (early 18th cent. or earlier).The t of the β. forms reflects the pronunciation of German Feldmarschall or perhaps, in some instances, of Swedish fält-marskalk or Russian †fel′tmaršal′′ (common in 18th cent.). In γ. forms showing remodelling of the first element after Dutch veldmaarschalk. 1. In early use: an officer subordinate only to the captain general or general, responsible for the control of the encampment and provisioning of the army. In later use: an officer of the highest rank in any of a number of continental armies. Also used as a title prefixed to a person's name. Cf. marshal of the field at marshal n. 9a.Quot. c1650 refers to Leslie's rank in the Swedish army. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > quartermaster-general marshal of the field?a1560 camp-mastera1569 field marshal1614 quartermaster general1616 marshal of the campa1628 tent-master1648 camp-marshal1670 camp-master-general1693 QMG1758 D.A.Q.M.G.- ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) Pref. sig. A ij^v The Marshall of the fielde shall..appoynt place conuenient for his Campe. 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 234 The high Marshall of the fielde, or maister of the Campe.] 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 325 The Tribuni Militum (as it were, Field Marshalls). c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 167 Felt Marshall Leslie..marchit from Abirdene with the foot army south. 1706 London Gaz. No. 4201/2 Field-Marshal-General Herbeville continued there. 1710 C. Whitworth Acct. Russia (1758) 66 He was made Prince of the Empire in 1706..and Felt Marshal in 1709. 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 475 The Russian army..had passed under the command of Field-marshal Paskewitch. 1919 F. A. McKenna Battery A—103rd Field Artillery in France 36 Field Marshal Von Hindenburg's troops..were reported in the sector opposite. 1939 War Illustr. 21 Oct. 169 The German Luftwaffe..has been built up by Field-Marshal Goering and General Milch into a formidable force both in size and quality. 2000 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 10 June a16 Sergeyev, a Russian field marshal, did not disclose much to reporters. 2. In British or Commonwealth contexts. †a. An officer who supervises the custody or punishment of (military) offenders. Cf. provost marshal n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > military police > military policeman provost marshal1535 provost1590 field marshal1690 provost sergeant1825 Jack1854 military policeman1883 MP1889 redcap1919 shore patrolman1944 snowdrop1944 1690 in J. Wise Two Narr. of Exped. against Quebec 23 The Deposition of Caleb Ray Field Marshal. a1722 J. Lauder Hist. Notices Sc. Affairs (1848) II. 550 The felt marshall carried chains, axes, bolts and all the other ingins by which delinquent souldiers use to be punished. b. An officer of the highest rank in the British and other Commonwealth armies. Also used as a title prefixed to a person's name.The title was first conferred in 1736 (see quot. 1736), and was subsequently awarded to generals of distinguished service and to senior members of the royal family. Now the rank is rarely awarded in peacetime. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > field-marshal velt-marshal1709 field marshal1736 1736 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 56/1 D. of Argyle, and E. of Orkney, Field-Marshals of Great Britain. 1760 Whitehall Evening-post 24–27 May His Majesty's Fourth Regiment of Dragoons, commanded by his Excellency Field Marshal Sir Robert Rich, Bart. 1811 Gen. Regulations & Orders Army 11 A Field-Marshal is to be saluted with the Colours and Standards of all the Forces, except the Horse and Foot Guards. 1887 London Gaz. 29 Nov. The Queen has been pleased, by Letters Patent..to appoint Field-Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G., to be Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's Forces. 1904 Standard 20 Dec. 5/3 Field Marshal Earl Roberts, V.C., K.G., has been appointed Master Gunner of St. James's Park. 1944 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 12 Apr.–26 Sept. 523 (caption) Field-Marshal Montgomery stops his car to have a word with a Maquis guard. 2004 Lincs. Echo (Nexis) 10 Aug. 29 He broke with tradition by becoming the only man to rise to the rank of field marshal from a private. 3. In figurative and extended use: a commander; a leader. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > [noun] > one who has or exercises command commanderc1384 field marshal1809 1809 Connecticut Courant 25 Jan. He has served long enough in the senate with the field-marshal of Virginia jacobinism. 1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists ii. 61 The greatest literary chief in England, the veteran field-marshal of letters. 1906 First Citizens of Republic 67/2 It has been truly said of him that he is the field-marshal of a vast financial army. 1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 39/1 Field marshal, the chief (master-mind) of kidnap gang. 1941 Life 31 Mar. 107 (heading) A Danish immigrant boy is now field marshal of U.S. industry. 1997 Denver Post (Nexis) 11 June 8 Pratt, a decorated Vietnam veteran, held the rank of field marshal in the Black Panthers. 2008 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 24 Jan. 16 A majority of the state's county clerks—the field marshals of the voting system—supported a statewide all-mail-in election. Derivatives ˌfield ˈmarshalship n. ΚΠ 1803 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 27 Aug. 278 As to the objection founded on the field-marshalship of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, that might have been obviated by placing the Prince at the head of the irregular army. 1906 J. F. Rhodes Hist. U.S. VI. xxxix. 383 His field-marshalship brought him £7000 a year aside from his pay as commander in the field. 2003 Indian Express (Nexis) 2 Apr. The joke caused a furor in Parliament and nearly cost him his field marshalship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1614
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