fetaladj.

Brit.

/ˈfiːtl/, U.S.

/ˈfid(ə)l/

Forms: 1700s– foetal, 1800s– faetal, 1800s– fetal.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fetus n., -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < fet- (in fetus n.) + -al suffix¹. Compare French fœtal (1790), post-classical Latin foetalis (1783).

a. Of or relating to a fetus; that is a fetus; in the condition of a fetus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > [adjective]

embryonal1659

embryonated1670

embryonical1670

embryonate1693

fetal1736

embryonic1740

embryotic1742

embryonary1833

embryoid1863

preborn1962

1736 R. Nesbitt Human Osteogeny i. 31 By the many experiments of this kind, which I have made on fœtal bones, I find those which are most solid lose, by lying a sufficient time in vinegar..rather more than two thirds of their weight.

1793 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 83 159 There is a very material difference between the nature of the life of the more perfect animals, during their time of fœtal existence, and after that they are born.

1801 Crit. Rev. Apr. 413 The vessels of the mother, as well as of the fetus, mutually pass into the fetal and maternal part of the cake.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species xiv. 397 The presence of teeth in fœtal whales.

1885 J. A. Ryder On Devel. Viviparous Osseous Fishes 138 This hypertrophy of the hind-gut and remarkable development of elongated villi in the embryos of the surf-perches has some important function to subserve during fetal life.

1913 J. W. Jenkinson Vertebr. Embryol. vii. 183 The foetal membranes are the amnion, the false amnion or chorion, the yolk-sac, and the allantois.

1940 N. J. Eastman Expectant Motherhood (1947) i. 8 Our forebears were wont to say that when fetal movements were first felt, ‘quickening’ or ‘coming to life’ of the baby had occurred.

1973 N. Freedman Joshua 44 It would be reassuring to karyotype fetal cells and rule out chromosomal abnormalities.

2002 Independent 16 Oct. (Review section) 8/2 At first the obstetrician was concerned about..the presence of some meconium (stools normally passed by a baby during the first few days of life, or before if there is fetal distress).

b. In figurative contexts and figurative. Cf. embryonic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adjective] > unready or immature

green?a1300

rawa1398

indigest1398

unmatured?a1425

unripea1500

unseasonable1515

unbuilded1519

inchoate1534

unripened1561

uncivil1572

unmellowed1573

unmanured1577

unblown1587

ungrown1593

unpolished1594

rudimental1597

rude1600

unsalted1602

unseasoned1602

unlicked1612

embryon1613

unbakeda1616

unbloweda1616

unfledged1615

unmellow1615

sappya1627

embryous1628

unconcocteda1631

unkneaded1633

immature1635

sucking1648

vacuous1651

embryo1659

unelaborate1663

unmature1673

unformed1689

undeveloped1736

infantile1772

uncultivated1796

unelaborated1817

fetal1820

embryotic1823

embryonic1825

embryonary1833

sophomoric1837

seedling1843

rudimentary1851

unwrought1869

juvenescent1875

vealy1890

under-developed1892

1820 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1836) I. 88 Meteorology, a science so misnamed, which so far from being in its infancy is not yet in its fetal state.

1890 J. H. Stirling Gifford Lect. v. 88 Their life was as yet fœtal in the State, their mother.

1957 New Worlds Sci. Fiction Mar. 42 He gestured to Harp—the incommunicability of undersea life always filled him with a wrenching sense of incompleteness, of foetal helplessness.

1965 E. Dahlberg Reasons of Heart 82 Do not let me meditate in a foetal room to scarf and cinch my throat with a moonbeam at eventide.

2009 M. McAdam et al. Western Balkans (Lonely Planet) (ed. 2) 425/2 There isn't a hostel scene throughout the whole region as yet; it's in its foetal stages in Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Montenegro.

2. Designating a posture in which the back is curved forwards and the knees and elbows are flexed and drawn into the chest; esp. in fetal position. Of a person: adopting this position.This posture is seen in fetuses in the uterus, and, in post-natal life, during sleep or as a sign of certain (mainly neurological) diseases. It is often thought to be indicative of mental or emotional distress or of supposed psychological regression when occurring in a wakeful child or adult.

ΚΠ

1887 tr. W. T. Preyer in E. Marwedel Conscious Motherhood ii. xi. 451 There are also statements as to the first efforts of the nursling, when lying straight down or keeping its fœtal position, to turn himself to the other side.

1898 Times & Reg. (U.S.) 25 June 377/1 The nurse or mother holds the child upon her lap, with the knees flexed upon the abdomen, as in the fetal position.

1911 L. Burns Stud. Osteopathic Sci. III. x. 216 The tendency to assume the fetal position under stress of the depressing emotions is well known.

1915 Interstate Med. Jrnl. 22 977 Just as the infant sinks into deep sleep these impulsive movements slow down and the body usually comes to a state of rest in the fetal position.

1951 A. Bester Demolished Man (1978) xvii. 228 Reich was curled into a tight foetal ball.

1998 Independent 9 June (Review section) 14/2 A man at the front—one of the first to be ‘powered up’—curled up in the foetal position and cried.

2009 N.Y. Mag. 31 Aug. 90 Michele's mother, Edith, who's been ‘fetal’ in the hall, returns.

Compounds

fetal alcohol syndrome n. Medicine a syndrome encountered in children of women who consume excessive quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, other characteristic craniofacial abnormalities, and mild to moderate mental retardation.

ΚΠ

1973 K. L. Jones & D. W. Smith in Lancet 3 Nov. 999/1 A pattern of altered growth and morphogenesis has lately been described in eight offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. We call this disorder the ‘fetal alcohol syndrome’.

1990 N.Y. Times 11 Dec. b10/6 About 5,000 babies are born each year with fetal alcohol syndrome, which can cause mental retardation.

2007 Independent 15 Dec. 34/1 Like many Aboriginal children, she was born with foetal alcohol syndrome and is, as a consequence, intellectually disabled.

Derivatives

ˈfetally adv. during fetal life; in the manner of a fetus.

ΚΠ

1878 A. Macalister Introd. Systematic Zool. & Morphol. Vertebr. Animals 37 In higher vertebrates this organ has a connective capsule covered foetally with columnar, in the adult with scaly, epithelium.

1908 N.Y. State Jrnl. Med. 8 170/1 The pancreas is fetally an intraperitoneal organ.

1961 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 June 1825/2 It is fashionable nowadays to attribute auto-immune haemolytic anemia to some abnormality in the antibody-forming cells in that they lose their normally foetally acquired immune tolerance to normal red-cell antigens.

2007 Daily Tel. 26 June 28/1 There are..famous images (such as Annie Leibovitz's photograph of a naked John Lennon curled up, foetally, beside a clothed Yoko Ono).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fetal
释义	fetaladj. Brit. /ˈfiːtl/, U.S. /ˈfid(ə)l/ Forms: 1700s– foetal, 1800s– faetal, 1800s– fetal. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: fetus n., -al suffix¹. Etymology: < fet- (in fetus n.) + -al suffix¹. Compare French fœtal (1790), post-classical Latin foetalis (1783). 1. a. Of or relating to a fetus; that is a fetus; in the condition of a fetus. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > [adjective] embryonal1659 embryonated1670 embryonical1670 embryonate1693 fetal1736 embryonic1740 embryotic1742 embryonary1833 embryoid1863 preborn1962 1736 R. Nesbitt Human Osteogeny i. 31 By the many experiments of this kind, which I have made on fœtal bones, I find those which are most solid lose, by lying a sufficient time in vinegar..rather more than two thirds of their weight. 1793 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 83 159 There is a very material difference between the nature of the life of the more perfect animals, during their time of fœtal existence, and after that they are born. 1801 Crit. Rev. Apr. 413 The vessels of the mother, as well as of the fetus, mutually pass into the fetal and maternal part of the cake. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species xiv. 397 The presence of teeth in fœtal whales. 1885 J. A. Ryder On Devel. Viviparous Osseous Fishes 138 This hypertrophy of the hind-gut and remarkable development of elongated villi in the embryos of the surf-perches has some important function to subserve during fetal life. 1913 J. W. Jenkinson Vertebr. Embryol. vii. 183 The foetal membranes are the amnion, the false amnion or chorion, the yolk-sac, and the allantois. 1940 N. J. Eastman Expectant Motherhood (1947) i. 8 Our forebears were wont to say that when fetal movements were first felt, ‘quickening’ or ‘coming to life’ of the baby had occurred. 1973 N. Freedman Joshua 44 It would be reassuring to karyotype fetal cells and rule out chromosomal abnormalities. 2002 Independent 16 Oct. (Review section) 8/2 At first the obstetrician was concerned about..the presence of some meconium (stools normally passed by a baby during the first few days of life, or before if there is fetal distress). b. In figurative contexts and figurative. Cf. embryonic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adjective] > unready or immature green?a1300 rawa1398 indigest1398 unmatured?a1425 unripea1500 unseasonable1515 unbuilded1519 inchoate1534 unripened1561 uncivil1572 unmellowed1573 unmanured1577 unblown1587 ungrown1593 unpolished1594 rudimental1597 rude1600 unsalted1602 unseasoned1602 unlicked1612 embryon1613 unbakeda1616 unbloweda1616 unfledged1615 unmellow1615 sappya1627 embryous1628 unconcocteda1631 unkneaded1633 immature1635 sucking1648 vacuous1651 embryo1659 unelaborate1663 unmature1673 unformed1689 undeveloped1736 infantile1772 uncultivated1796 unelaborated1817 fetal1820 embryotic1823 embryonic1825 embryonary1833 sophomoric1837 seedling1843 rudimentary1851 unwrought1869 juvenescent1875 vealy1890 under-developed1892 1820 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1836) I. 88 Meteorology, a science so misnamed, which so far from being in its infancy is not yet in its fetal state. 1890 J. H. Stirling Gifford Lect. v. 88 Their life was as yet fœtal in the State, their mother. 1957 New Worlds Sci. Fiction Mar. 42 He gestured to Harp—the incommunicability of undersea life always filled him with a wrenching sense of incompleteness, of foetal helplessness. 1965 E. Dahlberg Reasons of Heart 82 Do not let me meditate in a foetal room to scarf and cinch my throat with a moonbeam at eventide. 2009 M. McAdam et al. Western Balkans (Lonely Planet) (ed. 2) 425/2 There isn't a hostel scene throughout the whole region as yet; it's in its foetal stages in Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Montenegro. 2. Designating a posture in which the back is curved forwards and the knees and elbows are flexed and drawn into the chest; esp. in fetal position. Of a person: adopting this position.This posture is seen in fetuses in the uterus, and, in post-natal life, during sleep or as a sign of certain (mainly neurological) diseases. It is often thought to be indicative of mental or emotional distress or of supposed psychological regression when occurring in a wakeful child or adult. ΚΠ 1887 tr. W. T. Preyer in E. Marwedel Conscious Motherhood ii. xi. 451 There are also statements as to the first efforts of the nursling, when lying straight down or keeping its fœtal position, to turn himself to the other side. 1898 Times & Reg. (U.S.) 25 June 377/1 The nurse or mother holds the child upon her lap, with the knees flexed upon the abdomen, as in the fetal position. 1911 L. Burns Stud. Osteopathic Sci. III. x. 216 The tendency to assume the fetal position under stress of the depressing emotions is well known. 1915 Interstate Med. Jrnl. 22 977 Just as the infant sinks into deep sleep these impulsive movements slow down and the body usually comes to a state of rest in the fetal position. 1951 A. Bester Demolished Man (1978) xvii. 228 Reich was curled into a tight foetal ball. 1998 Independent 9 June (Review section) 14/2 A man at the front—one of the first to be ‘powered up’—curled up in the foetal position and cried. 2009 N.Y. Mag. 31 Aug. 90 Michele's mother, Edith, who's been ‘fetal’ in the hall, returns. Compounds fetal alcohol syndrome n. Medicine a syndrome encountered in children of women who consume excessive quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, other characteristic craniofacial abnormalities, and mild to moderate mental retardation. ΚΠ 1973 K. L. Jones & D. W. Smith in Lancet 3 Nov. 999/1 A pattern of altered growth and morphogenesis has lately been described in eight offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. We call this disorder the ‘fetal alcohol syndrome’. 1990 N.Y. Times 11 Dec. b10/6 About 5,000 babies are born each year with fetal alcohol syndrome, which can cause mental retardation. 2007 Independent 15 Dec. 34/1 Like many Aboriginal children, she was born with foetal alcohol syndrome and is, as a consequence, intellectually disabled. Derivatives ˈfetally adv. during fetal life; in the manner of a fetus. ΚΠ 1878 A. Macalister Introd. Systematic Zool. & Morphol. Vertebr. Animals 37 In higher vertebrates this organ has a connective capsule covered foetally with columnar, in the adult with scaly, epithelium. 1908 N.Y. State Jrnl. Med. 8 170/1 The pancreas is fetally an intraperitoneal organ. 1961 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 June 1825/2 It is fashionable nowadays to attribute auto-immune haemolytic anemia to some abnormality in the antibody-forming cells in that they lose their normally foetally acquired immune tolerance to normal red-cell antigens. 2007 Daily Tel. 26 June 28/1 There are..famous images (such as Annie Leibovitz's photograph of a naked John Lennon curled up, foetally, beside a clothed Yoko Ono). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1736
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