federalesn.

Brit.

/fɛdəˈrɑːleɪz/,

/fɛdəˈrɑːlɪz/, U.S.

/ˌfɛdəˈrɑleɪz/,

/ˌfɛdəˈrɑliz/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymons: Spanish federales, federal.

Etymology: < American Spanish federales, plural of federal (although this is apparently first attested later than in English: c1840 in sense 1; 1902 in sense 2a), specific uses as noun of federal federal adj.The singular form federale (see sense 2b) has been inferred from the plural form within English.

1. In Argentina in the early and mid 19th cent.: (collectively) the advocates or supporters of a devolved or federal (rather than centralized) system of government. Cf. Unitario n. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1829 Trumpet & Universalist Mag. 4 July 3/2 The accounts vary as to the dispositions of the majority of the people: some..stating them to be..Unitarians, while others think they incline to the Federales.

1891 Harper's Mag. May 867/2 The Unitarios, who favored a centralized government and progress, and the Federales, who favored the perpetuation of provincial power and the old order.

1950 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 30 176 During the Rosas dictatorship, Sarmiento was a leader of the exiled unitarios while Urquiza was a leader of the provincial federales.

2000 D. López-Alves State Formation & Democracy in Lat. Amer., 1810–1900 iii. 122 In Argentina, Unitarios and Federales wanted different things, with liberals supporting stronger state integration and federalists opposing it.

a. In Mexico: (originally) the national army; (now usually) a federal law enforcement agency; the members of such an agency collectively. Also in extended use, often in Spanish-speaking contexts: (the members of) a U.S. federal agency, esp. the FBI.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > investigation of crime > [noun] > police employed for > specific

Sûreté1869

federales1899

C.I.D.1910

F.B.I.1936

bureau1965

1899 Los Angeles Times 24 Sept. v. 2/1 The ‘Federales’ sent from the City of Mexico may not be the pick and flower of the army.

1939 Chillicothe (Missouri) Constit.-Tribune 24 May 2/3 The gringo federales have bluffed and been very lucky.

1971 R. Moisés et al. Tall Candle iii. 49 His two brothers..went on to Naco on the train and were killed by booby traps left by the Federales.

1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 July d9 Holstead visited the island time after time.., never once making any of the tiny slips that would have given him away to the islanders, who for generations have handed down the fine art of sniffing out federales.

1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger vii. 129 The FBI, that is your federales.

1991 S. Cisneros Woman Hollering Creek 102 We hide ourselves as best as we can when the federales arrive.

b. In singular form federale. A Mexican federal law enforcement agent. Also in extended use: a U.S. federal agent.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > specifically in U.S.

sheriff1662

federal agent1781

marshal1789

marshal1830

federales1958

1958 H. A. Smith Pig in Barber Shop iv. 144 Their leader said to him, 'You Zapatista or Federale?' The Chinese was bewildered but, being prodded for an answer, said 'Federale'. Whereupon they beat the hell out of him, for they were Zapatistas.

1973 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 23 Nov. (Central Valley ed.) 37 a/4 Both helping and hindering Kilpatrick in his pursuit of Brand is a Mexican Federale played by Al Lettieri.

1989 Washington Post 11 June f8/3 Michael and Laura turned Leo over to the Mexican authorities where he was wanted for killing a Federale.

2006 T. Hayden River's Edge 135 Must have been a federale, huh? Did the man you killed work for the government?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	federales
释义	federalesn. Brit. /fɛdəˈrɑːleɪz/, /fɛdəˈrɑːlɪz/, U.S. /ˌfɛdəˈrɑleɪz/, /ˌfɛdəˈrɑliz/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymons: Spanish federales, federal. Etymology: < American Spanish federales, plural of federal (although this is apparently first attested later than in English: c1840 in sense 1; 1902 in sense 2a), specific uses as noun of federal federal adj.The singular form federale (see sense 2b) has been inferred from the plural form within English. 1. In Argentina in the early and mid 19th cent.: (collectively) the advocates or supporters of a devolved or federal (rather than centralized) system of government. Cf. Unitario n. Now historical. ΚΠ 1829 Trumpet & Universalist Mag. 4 July 3/2 The accounts vary as to the dispositions of the majority of the people: some..stating them to be..Unitarians, while others think they incline to the Federales. 1891 Harper's Mag. May 867/2 The Unitarios, who favored a centralized government and progress, and the Federales, who favored the perpetuation of provincial power and the old order. 1950 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 30 176 During the Rosas dictatorship, Sarmiento was a leader of the exiled unitarios while Urquiza was a leader of the provincial federales. 2000 D. López-Alves State Formation & Democracy in Lat. Amer., 1810–1900 iii. 122 In Argentina, Unitarios and Federales wanted different things, with liberals supporting stronger state integration and federalists opposing it. 2. a. In Mexico: (originally) the national army; (now usually) a federal law enforcement agency; the members of such an agency collectively. Also in extended use, often in Spanish-speaking contexts: (the members of) a U.S. federal agency, esp. the FBI. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > investigation of crime > [noun] > police employed for > specific Sûreté1869 federales1899 C.I.D.1910 F.B.I.1936 bureau1965 1899 Los Angeles Times 24 Sept. v. 2/1 The ‘Federales’ sent from the City of Mexico may not be the pick and flower of the army. 1939 Chillicothe (Missouri) Constit.-Tribune 24 May 2/3 The gringo federales have bluffed and been very lucky. 1971 R. Moisés et al. Tall Candle iii. 49 His two brothers..went on to Naco on the train and were killed by booby traps left by the Federales. 1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 July d9 Holstead visited the island time after time.., never once making any of the tiny slips that would have given him away to the islanders, who for generations have handed down the fine art of sniffing out federales. 1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger vii. 129 The FBI, that is your federales. 1991 S. Cisneros Woman Hollering Creek 102 We hide ourselves as best as we can when the federales arrive. b. In singular form federale. A Mexican federal law enforcement agent. Also in extended use: a U.S. federal agent. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > specifically in U.S. sheriff1662 federal agent1781 marshal1789 marshal1830 federales1958 1958 H. A. Smith Pig in Barber Shop iv. 144 Their leader said to him, 'You Zapatista or Federale?' The Chinese was bewildered but, being prodded for an answer, said 'Federale'. Whereupon they beat the hell out of him, for they were Zapatistas. 1973 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 23 Nov. (Central Valley ed.) 37 a/4 Both helping and hindering Kilpatrick in his pursuit of Brand is a Mexican Federale played by Al Lettieri. 1989 Washington Post 11 June f8/3 Michael and Laura turned Leo over to the Mexican authorities where he was wanted for killing a Federale. 2006 T. Hayden River's Edge 135 Must have been a federale, huh? Did the man you killed work for the government? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1829
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