anarchyn.

Brit.

/ˈanəki/, U.S.

/ˈænərki/

Forms: 1500s–1600s anarchie, 1500s– anarchy, 1600s anarchi, 1600s anarchye.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin anarchia.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin anarchia (8th cent. in a British glossarial source; frequently from the 16th cent. in British and continental sources) < ancient Greek ἀναρχία lack of a leader, lawlessness < ἄναρχος without a chief or head (see anarch n.) + -ία -y suffix³.Compare Spanish anarquía (late 14th cent.). In sense 3b probably after French anarchie (1840 in Proudhon in this sense; earlier in the senses ‘form of government in which freed slaves are able to play a role in government’ (a1374 in Middle French in an isolated attestation), ‘condition of a people which has neither a ruler nor authority, lawlessness’ (1596), and (in extended use) ‘disorder, confusion’ (1742)).

(a) As a count noun: a state of political or social disorder resulting from the absence or disregard of government or the rule of law; a society or system in which such disorder prevails.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of power > [noun] > disorder due to absence of supreme power

anarchy1539

1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. F.iiij This vnleful libertie or licence of the multitude is called an Anarchie.

1575 E. Hake Commemoration Raigne Lady Elizabeth sig. Bvii What praise is due vnto thee, from those, vnto whome thou leauest not an Anarchy and headlesse dissolution.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ddd1 Pompeye..made it his disseigne..to cast the state into an absolute Anarchy and confusion.

a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 29 A Word, which has..reformed the best of Monarchies into an Anarchy.

1890 J. Simon Eng. Sanitary Inst. xv. 426 If local anarchies are to be avoided, certain powers to restrain, and certain powers to propel, must be reserved.

2016 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 17 Sept. a11 If in fact we no longer are a nation of laws then we have become an anarchy.

(b) As a mass noun: political or social disorder resulting from the absence or disregard of government or the rule of law.

ΚΠ

1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. 779 Bringers in of confusion and anarchy, enimies to ciuill gouernment.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I^v As long as they giue eare to precepts, to lawes, to religion..; so long is societie and peace maintained; but if these instruments bee silent; or that sedition and tumult make them not audible; all thinges dissolue into Anarchie and Confusion.

1796 E. Burke Corr. IV. 389 Except in cases of direct war, whenever government abandons law, it proclaims anarchy.

1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. i. 12 William threatened at once to retire to Holland and leave the country to anarchy.

1970 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 11 Nov. 3/5 The threat to Canadian security possibly being greater from a spillover of violence and the potential of anarchy in the streets.

2003 New Yorker 24 Mar. 9/1 A halfhearted attempt at liberal democracy would run the risk of degenerating into anarchy.

b. historical. With the. Usually with capital initial. The period 1135–53 during the reign of Stephen, King of England, which was marked by civil war between England and Normandy and a breakdown of law and order.

ΚΠ

1876 W. Stubbs Early Plantagenets ii. 10 (heading) Accession of Stephen—Arrest of the Bishops—Election of Matilda—The Anarchy—The Pacification.

1967 R. H. C. Davis King Stephen 149 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles..has a memorable, if generalized, account of conditions during the ‘anarchy’.

2004 J. S. Bothwell Edward III & Engl. Peerage vi. 113 The idea is now questioned that Henry I's redistribution of rebel estates to his new men helped fuel the Anarchy.

2. More generally: absence of order or control; disorder, confusion. Also: an instance of this; a disordered profusion of something.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > non-recognition of authority or order

anarchy1580

1580 A. Fleming tr. N. Hemmingsen Epist. Ephesians 215 The Anabaptists & Libertine..will haue (forsooth) among Christians a certeine barbarous & brutish Anarchie [L. quandam barbaricam ἀναρχίαν], that none maie obeie other, but be all alike.

1656 A. Cowley Poems 23 Thousand worse Passions then possest The Interregnum of my Brest. Bless me from such an Anarchy!

1730 M. Concanen Speculatist 278 Like the Anarchy of the Seas, where the small Fishes devour the smaller, and are themselves devour'd by the great.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1754 I. 139 [Ld. Chesterfield:] Our language is, at present, in a state of anarchy.

1854 N. Brit. Rev. May 131/2 To..redress effectually the existing anarchy of opinions, which has occasioned the social disease.

1928 Sunday Express 17 June 12/5 The chaos in the Church may harden into bitter anarchy and disintegrating conflict.

1968 Listener 23 May 654/3 The anarchy of emotions and passions that give rise to uncomradely and irresponsible actions.

2002 Guardian (Nexis) 8 Nov. 24 The low-life scenes..show how sexual licence slides into moral anarchy.

†a. The state or condition of having no absolute ruler or ruling authority. Also: a society or state that functions without an absolute ruler or ruling authority. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > anarchism

anarchy1609

anarchism1656

Maratism1793

antarchism1845

liberal anarchism1929

1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A3 The Bees abhorre as well polyarchie, as anarchie.

1635 W. Saltonstall tr. G. Mercator Historia Mundi 287 Helvetia is a free Anarchie [L. Helvetia anarcha est, & libera], and subject to no Prince.

1703 tr. L. de Lahontan New Voy. N.-Amer. I. sig. A8 They'll still be said to be in the right, til such time as Anarchy be introduc'd among us, as well as the Americans, among whom the sorryest fellow thinks himself a better man, than a Chancellour of France.

b. The organization of society on the basis of voluntary cooperation, without any form of governing authority or hierarchy; the political philosophy or movement of anarchism (anarchism n. 2). Also: a state or system organized according to anarchism.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of power > [noun] > absence of supreme power without disorder

anarchy1850

1850 Family Herald 26 Jan. 620/1 Proudhon..calls property robbery, and maintains that the best form of government is anarchy.

1892 Daily News 27 Apr. 5/8 Anarchy is a great family where each will be protected by all and will take whatever he requires.

1943 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 29 Nov. (1995) 63 My political opinions lean more and more to Anarchy (philosophically understood, meaning abolition of control not whiskered men with bombs).

1979 H. J. Ehrlich et al. Reinventing Anarchy, Again xi. 172 The black flag is the symbol of Anarchy. It evokes reactions ranging from horror to delight.

2013 Guardian (Nexis) 9 Nov. 51 The left..tends to dream of a more utopian anarchy, in which people organise their own needs and those around them with care, precisely so that outside jurisdiction isn't necessary.

4. Esp. with reference to the creative arts: the fact or condition of not conforming to prevailing rules or conventions; unrestrained behaviour or action; wildness, craziness.

ΚΠ

1952 Spectator 9 Sept. 843/1 They were all angry young men..cocking a snook at aesthetic and social pretensions—prophets of artistic anarchy.

1978 P. Griffiths Conc. Hist. Mod. Mus. x. 147 Cage was working towards the benign anarchy of the Music of Changes at the very time when Boulez was taking the path of total predetermination.

2009 N. Baker Anthologist viii. 120 The kind of lovely sexy anarchy of Mina Loy was conjoined with the..manicness of Marinetti.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	anarchy
释义	anarchyn. Brit. /ˈanəki/, U.S. /ˈænərki/ Forms: 1500s–1600s anarchie, 1500s– anarchy, 1600s anarchi, 1600s anarchye. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin anarchia. Etymology: < post-classical Latin anarchia (8th cent. in a British glossarial source; frequently from the 16th cent. in British and continental sources) < ancient Greek ἀναρχία lack of a leader, lawlessness < ἄναρχος without a chief or head (see anarch n.) + -ία -y suffix³.Compare Spanish anarquía (late 14th cent.). In sense 3b probably after French anarchie (1840 in Proudhon in this sense; earlier in the senses ‘form of government in which freed slaves are able to play a role in government’ (a1374 in Middle French in an isolated attestation), ‘condition of a people which has neither a ruler nor authority, lawlessness’ (1596), and (in extended use) ‘disorder, confusion’ (1742)). 1. a. (a) As a count noun: a state of political or social disorder resulting from the absence or disregard of government or the rule of law; a society or system in which such disorder prevails. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of power > [noun] > disorder due to absence of supreme power anarchy1539 1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. F.iiij This vnleful libertie or licence of the multitude is called an Anarchie. 1575 E. Hake Commemoration Raigne Lady Elizabeth sig. Bvii What praise is due vnto thee, from those, vnto whome thou leauest not an Anarchy and headlesse dissolution. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ddd1 Pompeye..made it his disseigne..to cast the state into an absolute Anarchy and confusion. View more context for this quotation a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 29 A Word, which has..reformed the best of Monarchies into an Anarchy. 1890 J. Simon Eng. Sanitary Inst. xv. 426 If local anarchies are to be avoided, certain powers to restrain, and certain powers to propel, must be reserved. 2016 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 17 Sept. a11 If in fact we no longer are a nation of laws then we have become an anarchy. (b) As a mass noun: political or social disorder resulting from the absence or disregard of government or the rule of law. ΚΠ 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. 779 Bringers in of confusion and anarchy, enimies to ciuill gouernment. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I^v As long as they giue eare to precepts, to lawes, to religion..; so long is societie and peace maintained; but if these instruments bee silent; or that sedition and tumult make them not audible; all thinges dissolue into Anarchie and Confusion. View more context for this quotation 1796 E. Burke Corr. IV. 389 Except in cases of direct war, whenever government abandons law, it proclaims anarchy. 1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. i. 12 William threatened at once to retire to Holland and leave the country to anarchy. 1970 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 11 Nov. 3/5 The threat to Canadian security possibly being greater from a spillover of violence and the potential of anarchy in the streets. 2003 New Yorker 24 Mar. 9/1 A halfhearted attempt at liberal democracy would run the risk of degenerating into anarchy. b. historical. With the. Usually with capital initial. The period 1135–53 during the reign of Stephen, King of England, which was marked by civil war between England and Normandy and a breakdown of law and order. ΚΠ 1876 W. Stubbs Early Plantagenets ii. 10 (heading) Accession of Stephen—Arrest of the Bishops—Election of Matilda—The Anarchy—The Pacification. 1967 R. H. C. Davis King Stephen 149 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles..has a memorable, if generalized, account of conditions during the ‘anarchy’. 2004 J. S. Bothwell Edward III & Engl. Peerage vi. 113 The idea is now questioned that Henry I's redistribution of rebel estates to his new men helped fuel the Anarchy. 2. More generally: absence of order or control; disorder, confusion. Also: an instance of this; a disordered profusion of something. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > non-recognition of authority or order anarchy1580 1580 A. Fleming tr. N. Hemmingsen Epist. Ephesians 215 The Anabaptists & Libertine..will haue (forsooth) among Christians a certeine barbarous & brutish Anarchie [L. quandam barbaricam ἀναρχίαν], that none maie obeie other, but be all alike. 1656 A. Cowley Poems 23 Thousand worse Passions then possest The Interregnum of my Brest. Bless me from such an Anarchy! 1730 M. Concanen Speculatist 278 Like the Anarchy of the Seas, where the small Fishes devour the smaller, and are themselves devour'd by the great. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1754 I. 139 [Ld. Chesterfield:] Our language is, at present, in a state of anarchy. 1854 N. Brit. Rev. May 131/2 To..redress effectually the existing anarchy of opinions, which has occasioned the social disease. 1928 Sunday Express 17 June 12/5 The chaos in the Church may harden into bitter anarchy and disintegrating conflict. 1968 Listener 23 May 654/3 The anarchy of emotions and passions that give rise to uncomradely and irresponsible actions. 2002 Guardian (Nexis) 8 Nov. 24 The low-life scenes..show how sexual licence slides into moral anarchy. 3. †a. The state or condition of having no absolute ruler or ruling authority. Also: a society or state that functions without an absolute ruler or ruling authority. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > anarchism anarchy1609 anarchism1656 Maratism1793 antarchism1845 liberal anarchism1929 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A3 The Bees abhorre as well polyarchie, as anarchie. 1635 W. Saltonstall tr. G. Mercator Historia Mundi 287 Helvetia is a free Anarchie [L. Helvetia anarcha est, & libera], and subject to no Prince. 1703 tr. L. de Lahontan New Voy. N.-Amer. I. sig. A8 They'll still be said to be in the right, til such time as Anarchy be introduc'd among us, as well as the Americans, among whom the sorryest fellow thinks himself a better man, than a Chancellour of France. b. The organization of society on the basis of voluntary cooperation, without any form of governing authority or hierarchy; the political philosophy or movement of anarchism (anarchism n. 2). Also: a state or system organized according to anarchism. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of power > [noun] > absence of supreme power without disorder anarchy1850 1850 Family Herald 26 Jan. 620/1 Proudhon..calls property robbery, and maintains that the best form of government is anarchy. 1892 Daily News 27 Apr. 5/8 Anarchy is a great family where each will be protected by all and will take whatever he requires. 1943 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 29 Nov. (1995) 63 My political opinions lean more and more to Anarchy (philosophically understood, meaning abolition of control not whiskered men with bombs). 1979 H. J. Ehrlich et al. Reinventing Anarchy, Again xi. 172 The black flag is the symbol of Anarchy. It evokes reactions ranging from horror to delight. 2013 Guardian (Nexis) 9 Nov. 51 The left..tends to dream of a more utopian anarchy, in which people organise their own needs and those around them with care, precisely so that outside jurisdiction isn't necessary. 4. Esp. with reference to the creative arts: the fact or condition of not conforming to prevailing rules or conventions; unrestrained behaviour or action; wildness, craziness. ΚΠ 1952 Spectator 9 Sept. 843/1 They were all angry young men..cocking a snook at aesthetic and social pretensions—prophets of artistic anarchy. 1978 P. Griffiths Conc. Hist. Mod. Mus. x. 147 Cage was working towards the benign anarchy of the Music of Changes at the very time when Boulez was taking the path of total predetermination. 2009 N. Baker Anthologist viii. 120 The kind of lovely sexy anarchy of Mina Loy was conjoined with the..manicness of Marinetti. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1539
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