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单词 familiarly
释义

familiarlyadv.

Brit. /fəˈmɪlɪəli/, U.S. /fəˈmɪljərli/
Forms: see familiar n., adj., and adv. and -ly suffix2.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: familiar adj., -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < familiar adj. + -ly suffix2. Compare classical Latin familiariter.
1.
a. As an everyday matter or matter of course; customarily, commonly, usually; habitually. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adverb] > usually or customarily
i-wunelichec900
customlyc1386
familiarly1387
customably1395
customablea1400
accustomablyc1475
usually1477
naturally1526
wontedly1567
customarily1576
accustomarily1577
accustomedly1607
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > [adverb]
couthc1000
familiarly1387
homelya1400
at home1841
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adverb] > in a familiar or conversant manner
familiarly1781
1387–8 Petition London Mercers in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 36 Owre lyge lordes comaundement to symple & vnkonnyng men is a gret thyng to ben vsed so famulerlich with-outen nede.
1576 A. Fleming tr. in Panoplie Epist. 226 Using themselves familiarly to such foule enormities.
1638 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 5) i. ii. ii. iii. 77 There be..too that familiarly drink salt Sea-water.
1674 R. Boyle Excellency Theol. ii. iv. 178 The familiarly visible stars.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. i. ii. 33 The great heron and the crane, that have now forsaken this country, in former times bred familiarly in our marshes.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 202 Scenes with which he was familiarly conversant.
1879 Cassells Techn. Educ. I. 207 The form of crane..most familiarly known is that which is called the jib-crane.
1972 Where July 208/2 The courts do not recognise any automatic priority between the parents: indeed they familiarly give custody of children to the mother.
b. In everyday language; in a manner that is easy to understand; easily. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > clearness, lucidity > [adverb] > of speech
plaina1387
plainlya1398
simply?c1400
treatlyc1435
treatably1527
familiarly1534
loud and clear1871
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adverb] > in everyday language
familiarly1534
popularly1583
1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 5 To defyne Faythe somewhat playne and famylyarly, to the that arte vnlearned.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 69 These two places, which I haue..familiarly..expounded.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 340 More..perspicuously..and familiarly..expressed by them.
1659 J. Harrington Valerius & Publicola To Rdr. sig. A2 There is nothing..I so much desire, as to be familiarly understood.
1755 J. Charles Dispersion Men at Babel viii. 163 I was willing therefore to explain it familiarly to the common Reader.
1830 A. Woodrooffe Shades of Char. (ed. 2) I. vi. 331 This kind friend..explained, as familiarly as possible, the conversation of Jesus.
1987 J. Goldingay Theol. Diversity & Authority Old Test. vi. 176 A motif from everyday life..can express familiarly and powerfully certain aspects of that relationship which the writer wishes to emphasize.
2.
a. As, or in the manner of, a family member, close friend, or associate; in an intimate manner. Now rare except as passing into sense 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [adverb] > intimately or familiarly
couthlyc900
wellOE
homelya1400
commonlya1450
familiarlyc1450
domestically1576
inwardly1584
intimately1645
particularly1680
arm-in-armly1743
hand in glove1788
pack1874
c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies ii. iv, in Anglia (1885) 8 162 Famylierly taghte of þe holy goste.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxvi The kyng of England..them honorably embraced & familierly kyssed.
a1580 G. Harvey Story of Mercy Harvey in Wks. (1885) III. 89 Swearing that she should..vse him as familiarly..as her owne brother; with a many sutch goodly supplicamussis.
1612 T. Wilson Christian Dict. 202 To liue familiarly, as a Brother with a Brother which dwelleth in one House together.
1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses 231 Great Minos..used with great Chronides Familiarly of old to sit and chat.
1703 Banquet for Gentlemen & Ladies v. 46 If..you can climb over the House Top, and get in at our Gutter-Window, you and I may Confer more Familiarly together.
1796 Proc. Old Bailey 17 Feb. 278/2 Then you went on very familiarly together; he talking to you, and you to him.
1831 J. A. St. John Lives Celebrated Travellers I. 84 Another had a lion and a gazelle, which lived together as familiarly as the dogs and Angolas in a cat-merchant's cage.
1865 Sat. Rev. 5 Aug. 169/2 The..desirableness of doctors or lawyers being brought more familiarly together.
1969 G. Greene Coll. Ess. III. i. 263 While he had the entry to the King's presence and walked Whitehall familiarly with Charles, he petitioned for no office more important than the care of the trees in the Royal forests.
2005 Cineaste Spring 62/3 In 1959, the year he made Breathless, Godard was familiarly lauding ‘friend Boris’ for his ‘art of stylization’, his ‘camera movements, in which grace vies spontaneously with precision’.
b. Frequently euphemistic. With (inappropriate) sexual or romantic intimacy. Now rare. In some instances perhaps simply a contextual use of sense 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > [adverb] > by undue familiarity
familiara1475
over-familiarlya1492
familiarly1531
familiarizingly1890
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. v. sig. P.ijv Cesar in his youth loued Seruilia, the mother of Brutus, and as menne supposed, vsed her more familiarly than honestie required.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 68 Her whom his aged father..had too familiarly vsed.
1697 God's Judgments against Whoring 18 Sporting more familiarly with her than 'twas decent for a Sister and Brother to do.
a1770 T. Chatterton Compl. Wks. (1971) I. 655 The knight having forgot his favourite tobacco-box, popped in upon us unexpectedly, and found us too familiarly engaged.
1899 H. K. Beauchamp tr. J. A. Dubois Hindu Manners (ed. 2) iii. iv. 594 The man who behaved familiarly with one of these women in public would be censured and despised by everybody who witnessed the scandal.
1997 A. Gevinson Within Gates 1124/1 Buck..has to send one of the men away when he behaves familiarly with one of the women, and promises that he will kill the next man he catches breaking the rules.
3.
a. Without ceremony, in a free and easy manner; informally. Also: in an inappropriately informal manner.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > social intercourse or companionship > [adverb] > in free and easy or familiar manner
familiarlya1500
in a (also the) family way1662
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 804 He..withe þaim spak famylliarly.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 810 [The Duke] exhorted him familierly..to say whatsoever he thought.
1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper v. i. 63 We'll banish all Pomp and Ceremony, and live familiarly together: I'll be Pilades, and thou mad Orestes.
1712 T. Tickell Spectator No. 410. ⁋1 She saluted him very familiarly by his Name.
1792 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (new ed.) ii. vii. 234 The king conversed, drank cassine, and associated familiarly with his people and with us.
1845 R. G. Parker Aids to Eng. Composition (ed. 20) 210 Kings have often found by mixing too familiarly with their subjects, and masters by being too free with their servants, that they have lost their importance in proportion to their condescension.
1914 M. Sinclair Three Sisters (1915) xxvi. 131 Gwenda seated herself familiarly on the arm of the chair.
1988 P. Gay Freud i. 40 Martha Bernays must not call a cousin familiarly by his first name, but, formally, must use his last name.
2009 D. Gabaldon Echo in Bone i. 6 The sergeant..was interrupted by Lord John's clapping him familiarly on the shoulder—something none of the three young lieutenants would have done.
b. With verbs denoting or implying the naming of a thing or person: in everyday conversation; in casual or informal use; colloquially.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > a language > register > [adverb] > colloquially
vulgarlyc1374
familiarly1757
colloquially1791
in the vernacular1815
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > [adverb] > informally
informally1594
familiarly1757
rough and tumblea1798
1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. IV. 68 Fire-balls were familiarly called among them Teuxbury mustard pills.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 52 The metal with which tea-chests are lined, familiarly called tea-lead, is an alloy principally composed of lead and tin.
1875 T. W. Higginson Young Folks' Hist. U.S. viii. 56 Called familiarly by the name of ‘Pilgrims’.
1916 A. Bridle Sons of Canada 185 Hydro-Electric—familiarly abbreviated to Hydro.
1982 S. Afr. Panorama Sept. 36 To this day the university [sc. the Transvaal University College in Pretoria] is familiarly referred to as TUCS, and its students as ‘Tukkies’.
2002 J. Cunliffe Encycl. Dog Breeds (new ed.) 224/1 Familiarly known as the ‘Beardie’, the bearded collie virtually disappeared as a working dog.
4.
a. With verbs denoting knowledge of or acquaintance with a thing or person: thoroughly, fully, intimately. Now somewhat rare. In instances referring to acquaintance with a person, often overlapping with and difficult to distinguish from sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > [adverb] > intimately
familiarly1534
intimously1629
intimately1645
1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 50v He [sc. God] dyd vouchesafe to waxe more nere and more familierly knowne vnto vs by the same sonne.
1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted ii. f. 62 Christian heartes,..being made familiarly acquainted with Gods mercie, [etc.].
1623 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VII. O.T. xix. 341 How familiarly doe these Prophets inter-know one another.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. ix. 192 Our eares and eyes quickly own those objects far off, with which formerly they have been familiarly acquainted.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. iii. 287 Two ill Men can scarce become known to each other familiarly.
1792 J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 256 The practice..was familiarly known to those persons who had business in the Law.
1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 28 Sept. 111 Lord Chancellor Bacon..was familiarly acquainted with all the secrets of personal influence.
1865 Dublin Rev. Apr. 475 It behoves them to acquaint themselves familiarly with the full body of Catholic doctrine.
1904 H. B. M. Watson Hurricane Island (1905) i. 5 I came out by a landing which I knew now familiarly.
1976 Ukiah (Calif.) Daily Jrnl. 25 Feb. 16/2 Carl desired..to become familiarly acquainted with every hair of a root and vein of a leaf.
b. Esp. with verbs denoting speech: in a manner indicating understanding or experience of something; knowledgeably; (also) in a manner indicating habituation to a task.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > [adverb]
familiarly1600
scientiously1651
knowledgeably1853
knowledgefully1906
1600 R. Churche tr. M. Fumée Hist. Troubles Hungarie ix. 354 Hee spoke most familiarly many and diuers sorts of languages, so that it seemed he was borne with them.
1618 J. Selden Hist. Tithes iv. 37 S. Cyprian.., speaking familiarly of this vse, calls the Brethren that cast in their monthly offerings, fratres sportulantes.
1698 Earl of Orrery Dr. Bentley's Diss. Examin'd 56 A solemn Injunction of Pythagoras.., which the Dr. talks as familiarly of, as if he had seen a Copy of it.
1783 London Mag. Dec. 518/1 At a later period of life, she spoke familiarly of these scenes, of which the impression was never erased.
1850 Sartain's Mag. Sept. 133/2 Judge then of our surprise, our open-mouthed wonder, when we heard a..man discourse familiarly of names and things, of whose existence we had read half-doubtingly in our school geography.
1871 J. W. Dale Inq. Johannic Baptism iii. 216 John was thoroughly acquainted with this Greek word and did familiarly use it in other than its primary and physical applications.
1939 Collier's 23 Sept. 61/2 She went familiarly around through the French laundry passage and up the outside stairs.
1987 C. Tomalin Katharine Mansfield ii. 30 She had been to Paris and Brussels, and made friends among music students who spoke as familiarly of Germany as of England.
2011 Biography 34 132 They familiarly cut into the pink scar that zips from her neck to her groin—a telling autobiography of the eight surgeries leading to the transplant.
c. In a manner prompting recognition; so as to be well known from past experience.
ΚΠ
1822 A. Hatton Guilty or not Guilty I. iv. 244 He distinguished one voice speaking English, which sounded familiarly to his ear.
1876 Atlantic Monthly July 103/1 The clothes..are so familiarly like, from pictures, that one is startled not to find Washington's face looking out of the coat-collar.
1896 Science 19 June 890/2 The seeds of some cucurbitaceous plant, which looked familiarly like those of the pumpkin.
1942 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 21 Sept. 1/4 A tune that sounded familiarly like ‘There'll Be Some Changes Made’.
1987 E. Simpson Orphans (1988) i. ii. 21 The dark entrance hall smelled familiarly of wax.
2009 Vanity Fair Nov. 202/3 The dogs were invariably mutts, the restaurants usually diners, the kitchens familiarly cramped.
5. In the manner of a domesticated animal; tamely. Frequently in familiarly tame. Now rare. N.E.D. (1894) cites W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. (1550)Domesticamente, familiarely or homely; however, evidence is lacking that the Italian word has been used in this specific sense (but compare R. Perceual & J. Minsheu Dict. Spanish & Eng. (1599)Domesticaménte, tamely, gently).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [adverb]
familiarly1607
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [adverb] > in domesticated manner
familiarly1607
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 128 Ptolæmeus Philadelphe..hauing a hinde calfe..brought it vp so familiarly tame..that at length it seemed to vnderstand the Greeke language.
1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 59 If any shall happen to be made tame, and by custome goe familiarly in and out.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xlvii. 165 'Tis only to hold some [food] near the Surface of the Water, and they will take it familiarly from the Hand.
1791 Crit. Rev. Jan. 9 They [sc. the buffalos] lost their ferocity, and were familiarly tame.
1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion i. 39 As if the Sheep, That fed upon the Common, thither came Familiarly; and found a couching-place Even at her threshold. View more context for this quotation
1863 H. Wilson Chrons. of Garden 144 He..was a pleasant little pet, though never so familiarly tame as our chaffinches and green linnets.
1931 H. S. Williams Bk. of Marvels 57 If a Wilson thrush were to come familiarly about the dooryard and build his nest in the grapevine..we should think it..almost a violation of natural law.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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