| 单词 | fall down |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto fall down to fall down 1. intransitive. a. Of a building, structure, etc.: to topple to the ground; to collapse, fall to pieces. In later use frequently in the progressive (to be falling down): to be in a state of ruin or disrepair. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall down or from erect position > fall in pieces or ruins to-fallc893 fallOE to fall downc1175 tumblea1400 sinka1450 ruin1531 to fall in1611 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4798 & tær fell dun þatt hus. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vii. 27 That hous..felle doun, and the fallyng doun therof was grete. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11767 (MED) Þair idels all Sal fall dun als þai war noght. a1500 (c1465) in J. Gairdner Three 15th-cent. Chrons. (1880) 62 (MED) This yere fell downe the Towre of London Brygge. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) ii. viii. 6 The ancyant, worthy cite down is fall. 1562 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 66 Item for the haybarne stabyll And Covhouse ys In suche decay that thay wyll fall dovne. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 165 The old under-propped Scaffolds overladen with people, suddenly fell down. 1660 H. Fletcher Perfect Politician 181 The wall no longer being able to indure the force of these fiery Engines [sc. Guns], fell down in many places. 1771 L. Washington Let. 12 May in G. Washington Papers (1993) VIII. 468 Our Mill is once more in a bad way, the Wall between the water Pit & Cog pit, is falling down. 1781 Encycl. Brit. VII. 4892 The room where the company was assembled fell down, killed all the persons in it. 1851 Househ. Narr. May 112/1 On the morning of Saturday, the 17th, a Building Fell Down in Gracechurch Street. 1875 National Republican (Washington, D.C.) 20 July 4/6 One..will find groups of happy children..and hear from a hundred glad and innocent voices that ‘London bridge is falling down’. 1969 K. Clark Civilisation i. 4 They preferred to live in pre-fabs and let the old places fall down. 2016 Kirkus Rev. (Nexis) 15 Nov. A free-spirited artist whose house is falling down. b. figurative. To come to nothing, to disintegrate; (of an institution, society, etc.) to be brought low or destroyed; (of an argument, theory, etc.) to be shown to be wrong or invalid; to collapse under scrutiny or analysis.In later use sometimes influenced by sense 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > fail or collapse (of institution, etc.) to fall downc1175 to crumple up1577 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16838 Godess laȝhe. & godess rihht..Þeȝȝ didenn mikell fallenn dun. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2734 Get sal ðin pride fallen dun. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 149 The estate off þe Romans..beganne to fall doune. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 165 (MED) Charite falleþ neuer doun. 1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iiii. f. cxciij Likewise doth the world seme to be ready to fal at this time, & doth by litle and litle bryng a more greuous fal with it, one and other kyngdomes falling down and decayeng. c1592 R. Bruce in R. Wodrow Life (1843) 31 The commonwealth here..is ruinous on all sides, and is mislike to fall down. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs (new ed.) 180 Which being so, the Thesis falls down, which supposes bad humours are brought forth by a Cautery. 1672 T. Garencières tr. Nostradamus True Prophecies or Prognostications iii. xcvii. 148 The great Barbarian Empire shall fall down, Before Phœbe maketh an end of her course. 1769 W. Tooke Loves of Othniel & Achsah II. viii. 263 A multitude have been destroyed by anger—and a kingdom hath fallen down by wrath. 1779 London Chron. 12 Oct. 359/1 A chimera, a phantasy..invented..as a basis (though a sandy one) whereon to build a score of arguments, that must fall down. 1805 C. Buck Treat. Relig. Experience xi. 288 Let us not talk of our knowledge, our experience, our talents, our respectability, our membership of churches, while the world is falling down about us. 1867 Proc. & Deb. Gen. Assembly Free Church Sc. 27 Seeing that all his arguments fell down, and feeling that, before the whole congregation, he was losing his reputation as a man of science, [etc.]. 1934 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 33 567 Thus the last and strongest pillar of Wieselgren's argument falls down. 1985 M. Marien Future Surv. Ann. 1984 77/1 American society is falling down and breaking apart. 2016 Sunday Times (Nexis) 3 Jan. (Features section) 11 We can..demonstrate where an argument falls down, show who is in their depth and who is out of it. 2. intransitive. a. To sink to the ground or to one's knees; to become prostrate; to fall over. Also with adjectival complement, esp. in to fall down dead. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall down or from erect position fallOE to fall downc1175 torple?c1225 glidec1275 overthrowc1330 downfallc1350 swaya1400 reversea1470 twine1600 to go down1697 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7348 Þa kingess fellenn dun..To lutenn crist. c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 49 Te meiden duuelunge feol dun to þe eorðe. c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) l. 115 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 80 Þis Maide feol doun to is fet and on him ȝeorne gradde. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxvi. 429 A knyȝt þat touchide suche a worme wiþ his spere..fel doun dede anon. c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) xxviii. 6 (MED) Þei supposed þat he schulde bolne, ande sodenly falle downe ande dighe. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 30 The horse felle downe to the erthe. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. ix. 130 About hym fell down deid, and lost the sueit Mony of the hyrd men. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xxvii. sig. Ff5 The cowardly wretch fell down, crying for succour. 1654 Mercurius Fumigosus No. 5. 38 There was..a maid of 16 years of Age, that swooned and fell down at the sight of a Naked Boy. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 167 If thou wilt fall down, And worship me as thy superior Lord. View more context for this quotation 1718 R. Blackmore Coll. Poems Var. Subj. i. 120 He..strove in vain to keep His Eyelids ope, then fell down fast asleep. 1760 G. A. Stevens Hist. Tom Fool I. 54 Mr. Yeast over-reaching himself, fell down, Face fore-most. 1844 J. Backhouse Narr. of Visit 513 One of our after oxen fell down from exhaustion. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 175 He is quite ready to fall down and worship them. 1977 M. Herr Dispatches 134 You could fall down dead so that the medics would have to spend half an hour looking for the hole that killed you. 1985 R. Davies What's bred in Bone (1986) iii. 194 He fell down drunk one winter night in the lane behind Devinney's. 2010 J. McGregor Even Dogs (2011) iii. 107 Heather pulling herself to her feet, falling down, getting up again. b. To become ill. Now usually with with (formerly also †into, †in), specifying the illness or disease. Also with adjectival complement, as to fall down sick (cf. to fall sick, etc., at sense 45a(b)). Cf. to come down 12 at come v. Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > fall ill sicklec1000 sicka1150 sickenc1175 evil1303 mislike?1440 fall1526 to take a conceit1543 to fall down?1571 to lay upa1616 to run of (or on) a garget1615 craze1658 invalid1829 wreck1876 collapse1879 to go sick1879 to sicken for1883 ?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. C.j She..miserably tormented hir selfe as if she wald haif by and by fallen down againe into hir former sicknes. a1614 P. Nichols Sir F. Drake Reuiued (1626) 50 Halfe a score of our Company fell downe sicke together, and the most of them dyed within two or three dayes. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World viii. 224 Our Men, who had been very healthy till now, began to fall down apace in Fevers. 1714 E. Freke Remembrances (2001) 73 I fell down right sick and soe stufft up with a tissick thatt I could hardly fetch my breath. 1757 B. Franklin Let. 22 Nov. in Wks. (1887) II. 522 I..got fresh cold and fell down again. 1803 Bury & Norwich Post 30 Mar. Whole families fall down together, or within two or three days. 1900 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 26 May 6/4 When a community of human beings falls down with typhoid fever, the cause is at once searched for in the faulty sanitation of the place. 2006 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 9 Sept. m4 Marisa..had fallen down with the flu. c. colloquial (originally U.S.). To fail, be unsuccessful; to make a mistake. Frequently with on, esp. in to fall down on the job: to fail to carry out a task adequately. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] withsitc1330 fail1340 defaulta1382 errc1430 to fall (also go) by the wayside1526 misthrive1567 miss1599 to come bad, or no, speedc1600 shrink1608 abortivea1670 maroon1717 to flash in the pan1792 skunk1831 to go to the dickens1833 to miss fire1838 to fall flat1841 fizzle1847 to lose out1858 to fall down1873 to crap out1891 flivver1912 flop1919 skid1920 to lay an egg1929 to blow out1939 to strike out1946 bomb1963 to come (also have) a buster1968 the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail in [verb (transitive)] slip1855 to fall down1873 to fink out on1966 tube1966 1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West xxxii. 704 We'll reach Sioux City by 5 o'clock if we don't fall down... But we did ‘fall down’ just at noon, running hard aground. 1890 Ohio Democrat (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 22 May Pitt has long been promising to give our Paragraph a turning over but it seems he fell down on the job. 1899 J. L. Williams Stolen Story 223 It amazed him every time a new reporter..fell down on a story. 1953 R. Lehmann Echoing Grove 300 I felt I couldn't cope: I saw myself falling down on the responsibilities. 1961 A. Christie Pale Horse x. 112 Oh dear, I seem to have fallen down badly. I was so very sure. 1998 Daily Tel. 6 Aug. 10/2 A lot of these devices fall down at the clinical trial level. 2010 Mirror (Nexis) 26 Feb. 35 Health service bosses who fall down on the job should not be rewarded for their incompetence. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (intransitive)] to lay ona1225 assailc1325 sailc1330 assemblea1375 to fall inc1384 to fall ona1387 givec1430 brunt1440 to set (all) on sevenc1440 to ding on1487 to fall down1534 offend1540 to go on1553 to give on?1611 to let fly1611 strikea1616 insult1638 to set on1670 aggress1708 to carry the war into the enemy's camp1791 hop over1929 1534 G. Joye tr. U. Zwingli Dauids Psalter sig. E.iiii Ther come forth agenst me the maligne myscheuouse, and euen my enemyes to deuower me hole, lo thei fal downe al to smiten. 1589 A. Wingfield True Coppie Disc. 30 The Enemie..the next morning fell downe vpon that Regiment, crying, Viua el Rey Don Antonio. 1647 tr. G. Wishart Hist. Kings Affairs Scotl. under Montrose xx. 170 Montrose might have fallen down into the Low-lands with a farre greater Army then ever the Scots produc'd in the memory of man. 1661 W. Howell Inst. Gen. Hist. ii. iii. 412 Ten thousand of the Carthaginians passing the River, he fell down upon them from the hills, and made great slaughter. 1686 J. Warr tr. Quintilian Declamations iii. 68 An incredible multitude of People is fallen down upon Italy. 1745 Remarks Reign William III in Select. Harleian Misc. III. 343/1 If the Troops of his most Christian Majesty had fell down into the Spanish Netherlands. 4. intransitive. To sail or drift down a river, estuary, etc., towards the open water. Occasionally more generally: to sail towards a place. Usually with to or towards. Now rare.It is unclear whether quot. 1982 shows down as an adverb or a preposition (cf. to fall down —— at Phrasal verbs 2). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > come into or towards open sea to fall down1589 disemboguec1595 drop1790 society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > sail to to fall down1685 1589 Summarie Drakes W. Indian Voy. 40 Our whole Fleete of ships fell downe towards the harbour mouth. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. iii. 6/2 They fal down by meanes of the streame. 1653 Perfect Acct. Intelligence Armies & Navy No. 117. 936 Many of the Parliament Frigats are fallen down into these parts in relation to their going forth to sea. 1685 N. Crouch Eng. Empire in Amer. xix. 194 Before he fell down to the Havana, he should touch at St. Christophers. a1754 H. Fielding Jrnl. Voy. Lisbon (1755) 64 He ordered his ship to fall down to Gravesend. 1769 J. Knox Hist. Jrnl. Campaigns in N.-Amer. II. 296 The enemy's fleet have fallen down to the Foulon by Sillery, and their boats are continually employed in landing their stores. 1819 Lancaster Gaz. 28 Aug. The whole party fell down with the tide to Sunderland Point. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. To fall down, to sail, drift, or be towed to some lower part nearer a river's mouth or opening. 1890 Sat. Rev. 13 Dec. 687/2 They..fell down to Ameralikfjord. 1982 P. Clissold Layton's Dict. Naut. Words (rev. ed.) 132 To fall down, to move down a river or estuary by drifting with stream or current. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] styc825 astyc975 alightOE to fall adownOE hieldc1275 downcomea1300 sink?a1300 avalec1374 to go downa1375 to come downc1380 dipc1390 descenda1393 clinea1400 declinea1400 downc1400 inclinec1400 vailc1400 fallc1440 devall1477 condescendc1485 to get down1567 lower1575 dismount1579 to fall down1632 down?1701 demount1837 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 294 Aduancing in our course, we fell downe from the hils in a long bottome. 1658 Further Discov. Myst. Jesuitisme i. vii. 37 Let us but fall down into the town of Fontenay le-Compte, and look into the Church of these good Fathers there. 1791 J. Townsend Journey Spain I. 381 Ascending towards the mountains, yet meeting nothing remarkable.., till eleven in the evening, when, after riding smartly seven hours, we fell down upon our destined village. 6. intransitive. Of trousers, socks, etc.: to slip down the legs, esp. accidentally. ΚΠ a1690 G. Fox Jrnl. (1694) 305 Untie the knees of his Britches, and let his Stockings fall down. 1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 10 The Rolls of his Stockings fell down to his Ankles. 1802 Amer. Rev. Apr. 237 One of his garters..fell down with the stockings. 1874 T. Frost Old Showmen x. 270 Upon taking off the last, his trousers fell down. 1934 Washington Post 10 June s6//2 Men who let their socks fall down over their shoe tops. 1975 Weekend Mag. (Montreal) 26 July 6/1 My sister was a Girl Cadet and they told her if her pants fell down to march on. 2006 New Musical Express 25 Mar. 17/1 Kids..wearing studded belts so heavy their trousers keep falling down. to fall down —— to fall down —— intransitive. To sail or drift down (a river, estuary, etc.). Now rare.For possible later evidence see note at to fall down 4 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > descend [verb (transitive)] avalea1513 descend1536 dismount1589 to fall down ——1600 sink1805 society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > descend a river to fall down ——1600 1600 T. Masham in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 694 Finding it ouer hard to passe the falles, wee fell downe the riuer againe. a1661 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. G. Capriata Hist. Wars Italy (1663) xiv. 570 Their Boats, which falling down the stream, came happily to the Shore at Valenza. 1761–2 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) V. lxxi. 296 The army quickly fell down the rivers and canals from Nimeguen. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. II. 310 They fell down the river, till they came up to the seven Dutch ships. 1815 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) IX. 233/1 Alexander sailed to Pallacopas, falling down the canal into the Bahr Nejiff. 1865 W. Howitt Hist. Discov. Austral. I. xiii. 214 Whilst the boats fell down the stream, the horses, also loaded, proceeded along the banks. 1907 J. B. Dunn Hist. Nansemond County 50 They drifted on the flats but were towed off by the Stepping Stones, and fell down the river. < as lemmas |
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