† fakenn.

Forms: early Old English facæn (Mercian), Old English facn, Old English faon (transmission error), Old English fanc (probably transmission error), Old English facyn, Old English facon (Northumbrian), Old English facun (Northumbrian), Old English facen, Old English (in derivatives)–early Middle English fæcen, Old English–early Middle English faken, Old English (rare)–early Middle English facne, late Old English fac- (in derivatives), early Middle English focen- (in derivatives), early Middle English fakenn ( Ormulum).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon fēkan , fēkn- , Old High German feichan (Middle High German veichen ), both in sense ‘guile, wickedness’, and Old Icelandic feikn portent, terrible thing < the same Germanic base as faken adj.

Obsolete.

Deceitfulness, guile. In early use also: wickedness; wicked action, crime.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun]

woughc888

naughteOE

manOE

evilness1000

fakenOE

witherfulnessc1200

lithera1225

villainy?c1225

lithernessa1240

unwrastshipa1250

felonyc1290

shrewheadc1290

litherhead1297

illa1300

wicknessa1300

follyc1300

iniquity13..

shrewdom13..

wickhedec1305

shrewdheadc1315

shrewdnessc1315

unwrastnessc1315

wickednessa1340

malicea1382

unequityc1384

lewdnessa1387

mischiefa1387

wickedleka1400

wickedredea1400

badnessc1400

shrewdshipc1400

shrewnessc1425

ungoodlihead1430

wickdomc1440

rudenessc1451

mauvasty1474

unkindliness1488

noughtinessa1500

perversenessa1500

illnessc1500

filthiness?1504

noisomeness1506

naughtiness?1529

noughtihoodc1540

inexcellence1590

improbity1593

flagition1598

meschancy1609

scelerateness1613

pravity1620

meschantnessa1630

flagitiousness1692

flagitiosity1727

nefariousness1727

bale-fire1855

ill-conditionedness1866

iniquitousness1870

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun]

swikec893

swikedomc893

dwalec950

braida1000

falsec1000

flerdc1000

swikelnessa1023

fakenOE

chuffingc1175

fikenungc1175

bipechingc1200

treachery?c1225

falseshipc1230

guilec1230

telingc1230

swikeheada1250

craftc1275

felony1297

wrench1297

deceitc1300

gabc1300

guiling13..

guilery1303

quaintisec1325

wrenk1338

beswiking1340

falsehood1340

abetc1350

wissing1357

wilec1374

faitery1377

faiting1377

tregetryc1380

fallacec1384

trainc1390

coverture1393

facrere1393

ficklenessc1397

falsagea1400

tregeta1400

abusionc1405

blearingc1405

deceptionc1430

mean?c1430

tricotc1430

obreption1465

fallacy1481

japery1496

gauderya1529

fallax1530

conveyance1531

legerdemain1532

dole1538

trompe1547

joukery1562

convoyance1578

forgery1582

abetment1586

outreaching1587

chicanery1589

falsery1594

falsity1603

fubbery1604

renaldry1612

supercherie1621

circumduction1623

fobbinga1627

dice-play1633

beguile1637

fallaxitya1641

ingannation1646

hocus1652

renardism1661

dodgerya1670

knapping1671

trap1681

joukery-pawkery1686

jugglery1699

take-in1772

tripotage1779

trickery1801

ruse1807

dupery1816

nailing1819

pawkery1820

hanky-panky1841

hokey-pokey1847

suck-in1856

phenakisma1863

skulduggery1867

sharp practice1869

dodginess1871

jiggery-pokery1893

flim-flammery1898

runaround1915

hanky1924

to give the go-around1925

Scandiknavery1927

the twist1933

hype1955

mamaguy1971

society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > dishonesty

fakenOE

falseshipc1230

foulnessa1470

dishonesty1600

falsity1603

sinisterity1629

chicanery1655

OE Laws of Æðelstan (Otho) ii. xiv. §1. 158 Ga he to hatum isene & ladie [þa hand, m]id þe man tyhð, þæt þæt facen worhte [lOE Rochester ðæt he þæt facen mid worhte].

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 18 Þa se Hælend hyra facn [c1200 Hatton facne] gehyrde [L. cognita autem Iesus nequitia eorum], þa cwæð he, la licceteras, hwi fandige ge min?

lOE Laws: Swerian (Rochester) ii. 396 Swa ic spæce drife mid fullan folcrihte, butan bræde & butan swice & butan æghwylcum facne [L. (Quadripartitus) omni facno], swa me forstolen wæs ðæt orf.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12797 An soþ issrælisshe mann Þatt niss nan fakenn inne.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† fakenadj.

Forms: early Old English faecen- (in derivatives), early Old English faecne, early Old English faecni, early Old English fraecni (transmission error), Old English facyn, Old English fæcne, Old English fecn- (inflected form, rare), Old English–early Middle English facne, late Old English facan, late Old English fanc (probably transmission error), early Middle English facen, early Middle English faken, early Middle English fakenn ( Ormulum), Middle English foken; Scottish pre-1700 faikin, pre-1700 faikyn, pre-1700 faikyne, pre-1700 fakin.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon fēkni deceitful, fraudulent, malicious, and (with different stem class) Old High German feihhan deceitful, treacherous, Old Icelandic feikn terrible, awful, monstrous < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of Old English (prefixed) gefic deceit, befician to deceive (see fickle adj.), and fician to flatter (see fike v.²); further etymology uncertain. Compare unfaken adj. and faken n.Further etymology. The Germanic base may derive < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin piger lazy (see pigritia n.) and pigere to affect (a person) with revulsion, to irk, but the connection poses semantic problems. Alternatively, a connection with the Germanic base of foe adj. has been suggested, but this poses phonological problems. History in English. In Old English, as in Old Saxon, the adjective inflects as a ja -stem (with mutated stem vowel in Old English). With forms without i-mutation of the stem vowel such as Old English fācne and its later reflexes, compare faken n., but also e.g. Old High German feihhan (with different stem class, without a suffix causing i-mutation). With fakenly adv. at Derivatives compare Old Saxon fēkanlīko , adverb. Compare also Old English fācenlic (adjective) deceitful, treacherous ( < faken n. + -ly suffix¹).

Obsolete.

Deceitful, fraudulent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective]

ficklea1000

hinderyeapc1000

swikelc1000

as right (also stiff, straight, crooked, etc.) as a ram's hornOE

fakenOE

swikefulc1100

frakelc1175

swikec1175

wrenchfulc1225

wielfulc1275

ginfulc1300

guileful13..

treacherousc1330

guilesomea1382

guilousc1384

enginousa1393

deceivant1393

treacherc1400

serpentinec1422

deceivousa1425

guilyc1430

beguilous1483

slapea1500

fallacious1509

treget1519

gaudya1529

beguileful1530

Spanish1530

juggling?1531

snakish1532

prestigious?1534

knack-hardy1549

pratting1570

fogging1585

snakya1586

abusive1595

faithless1597

faiterous1600

guiled1600

trompant1605

amusing1609

braida1616

dodging1625

Ulyssean1639

tricksome1648

knackish1660

hocus-pocus1668

bubbling1675

rusé1689

tricking1697

trickish1705

lurching1728

tricksy1766

trickful1775

tricky1786

slippy1828

shirky1847

dodgy1861

sidewinding1902

slithery1902

hyping1968

deceiteous-

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [adjective]

fakenOE

fraudulent1412

fraudfulc1475

impostorous?1549

imposterous1562

cavillinga1576

impostural1588

cogged1589

defraudfulc1592

imposturious?a1600

imposturizing1603

imposturous1608

impostured1619

circumventive1630

impostrate1632

imposterious1633

impostrous1635

charlatanical1663

quackish1670

charlatan1671

stellionated1672

shammisha1734

shim-sham1797

humbug1811

charlatanic1843

Peter Funk1845

charlatanish1846

jazzy1934

run-out1938

jivey1972

OE Paris Psalter (1932) cv. 10 Swa hi alysde lifes ealdor of heora feonda fæcnum handum, and of feogendra folmum swylce.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12655 Þe frosst off fakenn trowwþe.

c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 10 [Þin] tunge is ascorted þeo þe facen was.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 4814 Saladyn was fulle foken, on him may non affie.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Paddock & Mouse l. 2834 in Poems (1981) 105 Fair thingis oftymis ar fundin faikin.

Derivatives

fakenly adv. deceitfully, craftily.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adverb]

fakenlyOE

swikellya1023

ficklya1300

treacherouslya1340

guilinglya1382

sophisticallya1382

deceivably1387

guilefully1388

treacherlyc1394

deceivingly14..

guilouslyc1425

deceiteously1481

deceitfully1488

swikefullya1500

patchingly1570

faithlessly1581

abusively1595

dodgingly1599

fallaciously1612

deludingly1641

jugglingly1647

trickfullyc1790

hocus-pocusly1791

deceptiously1797

hocus-pocus1815

trickishly1824

deceptively1825

trickingly1833

dodgily1868

trickily1895

snakishly1935

OE Homiletic Fragment I 26 Swa bioð gelice þa leasan men, þa ðe mid tungan treowa gehataþ fægerum wordum, facenlice þencaþ, þonne hie æt nehstan nearwe beswicaþ.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xxvii. 35 Þin broðor com facenlice [L. fraudulenter] & nam þine bletsunga.

c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 21 Heo ȝeoððde [emended in ed. to ȝeoddede] fakenliche and þen feonde icwemde.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	faken
释义	† fakenn. Forms: early Old English facæn (Mercian), Old English facn, Old English faon (transmission error), Old English fanc (probably transmission error), Old English facyn, Old English facon (Northumbrian), Old English facun (Northumbrian), Old English facen, Old English (in derivatives)–early Middle English fæcen, Old English–early Middle English faken, Old English (rare)–early Middle English facne, late Old English fac- (in derivatives), early Middle English focen- (in derivatives), early Middle English fakenn ( Ormulum). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon fēkan , fēkn- , Old High German feichan (Middle High German veichen ), both in sense ‘guile, wickedness’, and Old Icelandic feikn portent, terrible thing < the same Germanic base as faken adj. Obsolete. Deceitfulness, guile. In early use also: wickedness; wicked action, crime. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun] woughc888 naughteOE manOE evilness1000 fakenOE witherfulnessc1200 lithera1225 villainy?c1225 lithernessa1240 unwrastshipa1250 felonyc1290 shrewheadc1290 litherhead1297 illa1300 wicknessa1300 follyc1300 iniquity13.. shrewdom13.. wickhedec1305 shrewdheadc1315 shrewdnessc1315 unwrastnessc1315 wickednessa1340 malicea1382 unequityc1384 lewdnessa1387 mischiefa1387 wickedleka1400 wickedredea1400 badnessc1400 shrewdshipc1400 shrewnessc1425 ungoodlihead1430 wickdomc1440 rudenessc1451 mauvasty1474 unkindliness1488 noughtinessa1500 perversenessa1500 illnessc1500 filthiness?1504 noisomeness1506 naughtiness?1529 noughtihoodc1540 inexcellence1590 improbity1593 flagition1598 meschancy1609 scelerateness1613 pravity1620 meschantnessa1630 flagitiousness1692 flagitiosity1727 nefariousness1727 bale-fire1855 ill-conditionedness1866 iniquitousness1870 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] swikec893 swikedomc893 dwalec950 braida1000 falsec1000 flerdc1000 swikelnessa1023 fakenOE chuffingc1175 fikenungc1175 bipechingc1200 treachery?c1225 falseshipc1230 guilec1230 telingc1230 swikeheada1250 craftc1275 felony1297 wrench1297 deceitc1300 gabc1300 guiling13.. guilery1303 quaintisec1325 wrenk1338 beswiking1340 falsehood1340 abetc1350 wissing1357 wilec1374 faitery1377 faiting1377 tregetryc1380 fallacec1384 trainc1390 coverture1393 facrere1393 ficklenessc1397 falsagea1400 tregeta1400 abusionc1405 blearingc1405 deceptionc1430 mean?c1430 tricotc1430 obreption1465 fallacy1481 japery1496 gauderya1529 fallax1530 conveyance1531 legerdemain1532 dole1538 trompe1547 joukery1562 convoyance1578 forgery1582 abetment1586 outreaching1587 chicanery1589 falsery1594 falsity1603 fubbery1604 renaldry1612 supercherie1621 circumduction1623 fobbinga1627 dice-play1633 beguile1637 fallaxitya1641 ingannation1646 hocus1652 renardism1661 dodgerya1670 knapping1671 trap1681 joukery-pawkery1686 jugglery1699 take-in1772 tripotage1779 trickery1801 ruse1807 dupery1816 nailing1819 pawkery1820 hanky-panky1841 hokey-pokey1847 suck-in1856 phenakisma1863 skulduggery1867 sharp practice1869 dodginess1871 jiggery-pokery1893 flim-flammery1898 runaround1915 hanky1924 to give the go-around1925 Scandiknavery1927 the twist1933 hype1955 mamaguy1971 society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > dishonesty fakenOE falseshipc1230 foulnessa1470 dishonesty1600 falsity1603 sinisterity1629 chicanery1655 OE Laws of Æðelstan (Otho) ii. xiv. §1. 158 Ga he to hatum isene & ladie [þa hand, m]id þe man tyhð, þæt þæt facen worhte [lOE Rochester ðæt he þæt facen mid worhte]. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 18 Þa se Hælend hyra facn [c1200 Hatton facne] gehyrde [L. cognita autem Iesus nequitia eorum], þa cwæð he, la licceteras, hwi fandige ge min? lOE Laws: Swerian (Rochester) ii. 396 Swa ic spæce drife mid fullan folcrihte, butan bræde & butan swice & butan æghwylcum facne [L. (Quadripartitus) omni facno], swa me forstolen wæs ðæt orf. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12797 An soþ issrælisshe mann Þatt niss nan fakenn inne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † fakenadj. Forms: early Old English faecen- (in derivatives), early Old English faecne, early Old English faecni, early Old English fraecni (transmission error), Old English facyn, Old English fæcne, Old English fecn- (inflected form, rare), Old English–early Middle English facne, late Old English facan, late Old English fanc (probably transmission error), early Middle English facen, early Middle English faken, early Middle English fakenn ( Ormulum), Middle English foken; Scottish pre-1700 faikin, pre-1700 faikyn, pre-1700 faikyne, pre-1700 fakin. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon fēkni deceitful, fraudulent, malicious, and (with different stem class) Old High German feihhan deceitful, treacherous, Old Icelandic feikn terrible, awful, monstrous < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of Old English (prefixed) gefic deceit, befician to deceive (see fickle adj.), and fician to flatter (see fike v.²); further etymology uncertain. Compare unfaken adj. and faken n.Further etymology. The Germanic base may derive < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin piger lazy (see pigritia n.) and pigere to affect (a person) with revulsion, to irk, but the connection poses semantic problems. Alternatively, a connection with the Germanic base of foe adj. has been suggested, but this poses phonological problems. History in English. In Old English, as in Old Saxon, the adjective inflects as a ja -stem (with mutated stem vowel in Old English). With forms without i-mutation of the stem vowel such as Old English fācne and its later reflexes, compare faken n., but also e.g. Old High German feihhan (with different stem class, without a suffix causing i-mutation). With fakenly adv. at Derivatives compare Old Saxon fēkanlīko , adverb. Compare also Old English fācenlic (adjective) deceitful, treacherous ( < faken n. + -ly suffix¹). Obsolete. Deceitful, fraudulent. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective] ficklea1000 hinderyeapc1000 swikelc1000 as right (also stiff, straight, crooked, etc.) as a ram's hornOE fakenOE swikefulc1100 frakelc1175 swikec1175 wrenchfulc1225 wielfulc1275 ginfulc1300 guileful13.. treacherousc1330 guilesomea1382 guilousc1384 enginousa1393 deceivant1393 treacherc1400 serpentinec1422 deceivousa1425 guilyc1430 beguilous1483 slapea1500 fallacious1509 treget1519 gaudya1529 beguileful1530 Spanish1530 juggling?1531 snakish1532 prestigious?1534 knack-hardy1549 pratting1570 fogging1585 snakya1586 abusive1595 faithless1597 faiterous1600 guiled1600 trompant1605 amusing1609 braida1616 dodging1625 Ulyssean1639 tricksome1648 knackish1660 hocus-pocus1668 bubbling1675 rusé1689 tricking1697 trickish1705 lurching1728 tricksy1766 trickful1775 tricky1786 slippy1828 shirky1847 dodgy1861 sidewinding1902 slithery1902 hyping1968 deceiteous- the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [adjective] fakenOE fraudulent1412 fraudfulc1475 impostorous?1549 imposterous1562 cavillinga1576 impostural1588 cogged1589 defraudfulc1592 imposturious?a1600 imposturizing1603 imposturous1608 impostured1619 circumventive1630 impostrate1632 imposterious1633 impostrous1635 charlatanical1663 quackish1670 charlatan1671 stellionated1672 shammisha1734 shim-sham1797 humbug1811 charlatanic1843 Peter Funk1845 charlatanish1846 jazzy1934 run-out1938 jivey1972 OE Paris Psalter (1932) cv. 10 Swa hi alysde lifes ealdor of heora feonda fæcnum handum, and of feogendra folmum swylce. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12655 Þe frosst off fakenn trowwþe. c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 10 [Þin] tunge is ascorted þeo þe facen was. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 4814 Saladyn was fulle foken, on him may non affie. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Paddock & Mouse l. 2834 in Poems (1981) 105 Fair thingis oftymis ar fundin faikin. Derivatives fakenly adv. deceitfully, craftily. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adverb] fakenlyOE swikellya1023 ficklya1300 treacherouslya1340 guilinglya1382 sophisticallya1382 deceivably1387 guilefully1388 treacherlyc1394 deceivingly14.. guilouslyc1425 deceiteously1481 deceitfully1488 swikefullya1500 patchingly1570 faithlessly1581 abusively1595 dodgingly1599 fallaciously1612 deludingly1641 jugglingly1647 trickfullyc1790 hocus-pocusly1791 deceptiously1797 hocus-pocus1815 trickishly1824 deceptively1825 trickingly1833 dodgily1868 trickily1895 snakishly1935 OE Homiletic Fragment I 26 Swa bioð gelice þa leasan men, þa ðe mid tungan treowa gehataþ fægerum wordum, facenlice þencaþ, þonne hie æt nehstan nearwe beswicaþ. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xxvii. 35 Þin broðor com facenlice [L. fraudulenter] & nam þine bletsunga. c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 21 Heo ȝeoððde [emended in ed. to ȝeoddede] fakenliche and þen feonde icwemde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.OEadj.OE
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