extrapolationn.

/ˌɛkstrəpəʊˈleɪʃən/

Etymology: < interpolation n. by the substitution of extra adj., adv., and n. for the first member of the word.

Originally in Mathematics: the action or method of finding by a calculation based on the known terms of a series, other terms outside of them, whether preceding or following. Hence in extended use: the drawing of a conclusion about some future or hypothetical situation based on observed tendencies; the inference resulting from such a process. Cf. extrapolate v. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > method of calculation or analysis

extrapolation1872

functional analysis1876

inversion1880

Fourier analysis1929

formalism1940

linear programming1949

quadratic programming1951

simplex method1951

convex programming1963

deconvolution1967

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [noun] > based on inferred laws

generalization1761

extrapolation1872

retrodiction1895

intrapolation1923

postdiction1940

1872 W. M. Watts Index of Spectra p. ix If the line..lies near to the two reference lines, but not between them, the interpolation formula..must be replaced by one of the two following extrapolation formulæ.

1874 W. S. Jevons Princ. Sci. II. xxii. 120 It is a matter of great scientific importance to apprehend precisely how far we can interpolate or extend experimental results by extrapolation.

1878 C. A. Young in S. Newcomb Pop. Astron. iii. ii. 279 The process is an unsafe extrapolation.

1889 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The calculation of the population of the United States in 1900, from the population in 1870, 1880, and 1890, would be an extrapolation.

1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics 9 The necessity for having recourse to the risky expedient of ‘extrapolation’—that is, of applying unrestrictedly to the unknown, rules gathered from observation over a comparatively narrow area.

1922 J. Y. Simpson Man & Attainm. Immortality i. 16 By extrapolation of the curve of our knowledge we can reconstruct within the range of conceivability, if not of probability, the course of process.

1926 H. C. Macpherson Mod. Astron. 135 Dr. Hubble strongly combats the contention that all non-galactic nebulae are spirals, which he characterizes as a ‘daring extrapolation’, ‘not justified by our present knowledge of nebular forms’.

1965 J. D. North Measure of Universe xiv. 297 One of the chief concerns of all scientific theories..is to sanction extrapolation..and the expression of the distant and unknown in terms of what is familiar.

Derivatives

exˈtrapolative adj. characterized by or employing extrapolation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [adjective] > based on hypothesis

retrodictive1895

extrapolative1929

1929 Physical Rev. 2nd Ser. 34 34 The fact that levels of the same name are approaching the same grouping..might naturally have been expected from our extrapolative way of choosing the names.

1940 Mind 49 168 The extrapolative inference from the same set of data to an enormous number of independent propositions.

1968 Sci. Jrnl. Nov. 87/1 Extrapolative planning.

1986 G. K. Wolfe Crit. Terms for Sci. Fiction & Fantasy 22 Such tales differ from other science fiction in that they bear no real extrapolative or analogical relationship with our own society.

Draft additions 1993

exˈtrapolatory adj.

ΚΠ

1953 Rep. Progress Physics 16 332 We may call the cosmologies of kinematic relativity and of the steady-state theory ‘deductive’, and newtonian cosmology and relativistic cosmology ‘extrapolatory’.

1984 Statistician 33 103 The forecasts of increasing scarcity of oil were simply extrapolatory and have not been fulfilled.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	extrapolation
释义	extrapolationn. /ˌɛkstrəpəʊˈleɪʃən/ Etymology: < interpolation n. by the substitution of extra adj., adv., and n. for the first member of the word. Originally in Mathematics: the action or method of finding by a calculation based on the known terms of a series, other terms outside of them, whether preceding or following. Hence in extended use: the drawing of a conclusion about some future or hypothetical situation based on observed tendencies; the inference resulting from such a process. Cf. extrapolate v. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > method of calculation or analysis extrapolation1872 functional analysis1876 inversion1880 Fourier analysis1929 formalism1940 linear programming1949 quadratic programming1951 simplex method1951 convex programming1963 deconvolution1967 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [noun] > based on inferred laws generalization1761 extrapolation1872 retrodiction1895 intrapolation1923 postdiction1940 1872 W. M. Watts Index of Spectra p. ix If the line..lies near to the two reference lines, but not between them, the interpolation formula..must be replaced by one of the two following extrapolation formulæ. 1874 W. S. Jevons Princ. Sci. II. xxii. 120 It is a matter of great scientific importance to apprehend precisely how far we can interpolate or extend experimental results by extrapolation. 1878 C. A. Young in S. Newcomb Pop. Astron. iii. ii. 279 The process is an unsafe extrapolation. 1889 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The calculation of the population of the United States in 1900, from the population in 1870, 1880, and 1890, would be an extrapolation. 1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics 9 The necessity for having recourse to the risky expedient of ‘extrapolation’—that is, of applying unrestrictedly to the unknown, rules gathered from observation over a comparatively narrow area. 1922 J. Y. Simpson Man & Attainm. Immortality i. 16 By extrapolation of the curve of our knowledge we can reconstruct within the range of conceivability, if not of probability, the course of process. 1926 H. C. Macpherson Mod. Astron. 135 Dr. Hubble strongly combats the contention that all non-galactic nebulae are spirals, which he characterizes as a ‘daring extrapolation’, ‘not justified by our present knowledge of nebular forms’. 1965 J. D. North Measure of Universe xiv. 297 One of the chief concerns of all scientific theories..is to sanction extrapolation..and the expression of the distant and unknown in terms of what is familiar. Derivatives exˈtrapolative adj. characterized by or employing extrapolation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [adjective] > based on hypothesis retrodictive1895 extrapolative1929 1929 Physical Rev. 2nd Ser. 34 34 The fact that levels of the same name are approaching the same grouping..might naturally have been expected from our extrapolative way of choosing the names. 1940 Mind 49 168 The extrapolative inference from the same set of data to an enormous number of independent propositions. 1968 Sci. Jrnl. Nov. 87/1 Extrapolative planning. 1986 G. K. Wolfe Crit. Terms for Sci. Fiction & Fantasy 22 Such tales differ from other science fiction in that they bear no real extrapolative or analogical relationship with our own society. Draft additions 1993 exˈtrapolatory adj. ΚΠ 1953 Rep. Progress Physics 16 332 We may call the cosmologies of kinematic relativity and of the steady-state theory ‘deductive’, and newtonian cosmology and relativistic cosmology ‘extrapolatory’. 1984 Statistician 33 103 The forecasts of increasing scarcity of oil were simply extrapolatory and have not been fulfilled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.1872
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