单词 | analytical |
释义 | analyticaladj.n. 1. a. Chiefly Philosophy = analytic adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > [adjective] > of or relating to analysis analytical1528 resolutive1599 the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > close examination, scrutiny > [adjective] > employing analysis analytical1528 analysing1661 analytic1789 1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Aiiv Maister Porphiris problemes..in his thre maner of clerkly workes, Analeticall, Topicall, and Logycall. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. To Rdr. sig. A3v Marke my first Analytical table. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. i. vi. 58 There is need partly of the Analyticall, and partly of the Syntheticall Method. 1751 J. Harris Hermes i. i. 7 We shall postpone the whole synthetical Part..and confine ourselves to the analytical, that is to say Universal Grammar. 1847 W. Whewell Philos. Inductive Sci. (new ed.) I. 144 Having succeeded in this analytical process, we may invert it. 1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. 1611 The homily pursued the analytical method, and expounded a paragraph or verse of Scripture. 1902 Forestry Q. 1 6 A complete analytical measurement of over forty thousand trees. 1978 Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 59 518 (heading) An analytical model of snowflake growth in stratiform clouds. 1990 J. M. Tito Logic in Husserlian Context i. 21 This distinction between nomological and concrete science is not an analytical distinction. b. Philosophy and Logic. = analytic adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > of types of propositions causalc1530 subalternate1599 equipollent1642 reduplicative1671 subalternating1671 pure1697 poristic1704 desitive1725 inceptive1725 contrary1739 exponible1788 analytic1797 analytical1797 poristical1828 oristica1832 oristicosemeiotica1832 balanced1849 plurative1849 molecular1892 dyadic1897 monadic1897 dispositional1909 non-atomic1934 1797 tr. J. S. Beck Princ. Crit. Philos. i. i. 27 Designations are added to a thing in an analyticaljudgment, which are already thought in the concept of this thing. 1819 J. Richardson tr. I. Kant Logic i. §2. 71 These propositions, whose certainty depends upon the identity of the conceptions (of the predicate with the notion of the subject), are analytical. 1865 J. S. Mill Exam. Hamilton's Philos. xviii. 354 This doctrine ignores the famous distinction..between Analytical and Synthetical judgments. Analytical judgments are supposed to unfold the contents of a concept. 1914 Philos. Rev. 23 474 As Couturat rightly points out, the principle of sufficient reason says nothing except that every true proposition is analytical. 1999 A. Stroll in R. H. Popkin Columbia Hist. Philos. viii. 623 From these various assumptions, they [sc. positivists] draw the powerful conclusion that analytical propositions do not give us any information about the world. 2. That analyses or that has the tendency to analyse; characterized by or concerned with the use of analysis; = analytic adj. 3.Sometimes with implications of loss of creativity or passion. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > [adjective] analytic1602 analyticala1652 the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > close examination, scrutiny > [adjective] > relating to analysis analytic1602 analyticala1652 schistic1743 meta-analytic1971 a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vii. i. 286 The Principles of True Religion..are all so clear and perspicuous, that they need no Key of Analytical demonstration to unlock them. a1690 S. Jeake Compl. Body Arithm. (1701) iv. iv. ii. 616 Let him be well stored with Analytical Provision, to use as occasion serves. 1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1815) VIII. 61 Analytical legislators, and constitution-venders, are quite as busy in their trade of decomposing organization. 1840 J. S. Mill Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 450 It would be difficult to find,..in the works of analytical minds, anything more entirely unanalytical. 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets i. 14 Homer was never analytical. He described the world without raising a single moral or psychological question. 1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop xv. 165 Her..shallow, flashy intellectuality..[was] shoddy and paltry..beside his substantial, clean-cut, analytical reason. 1951 W. Lewis Rotting Hill v. 197 He was more analytical to start with and a truculent perfectionist. 1971 F. A. Stafleu Linnaeus & Linnaeans ii. 39 ‘Canon’ means here ‘general rule or axiom’,..known instinctively by a holistic, not an analytical, approach to the phenomena of life. 2007 Good Housek. (Nexis) 1 Dec. 190 As an analytical person Lynn was driven to collect every possible detail about the tragedy. 3. Chemistry. Of or relating to chemical analysis (analysis n. 11); concerned with or used for analysis. Cf. analytical chemistry n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [adjective] analytical1661 macro1933 1661 R. Boyle Sceptical Chymist vi. 436 The unconcludingness of the Analytical Experiments vulgarly Relyed on. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 371 An Analytical Separation of the Parts of the Compound, from the gross Dregs of the mixture. 1784 J. Richardson Statical Estimates Materials Brewing ii. vi. 203 Having previously weighed with precision the quantity of yeast and lees produced from it, perhaps a clue..might direct to the discovery of the analytical method we are solicitous of. 1856 Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 8 194 We have employed the much more accurate and convenient iodometric method, which..gives a degree of accuracy attainable by very few analytical processes. 1876 R. Routledge Discov. & Inventions 19th Cent. 510 The small weights used by the analytical chemist. 1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) iii. 366 In an analytical laboratory, glucose (dextrorotatory) would be conclusively differentiated from fructose (laevorotatory) by using a polarimeter. 1989 Chem. & Industry (Nexis) 18 Sept. All other chemicals used in the experiments were also of analytical grade. 2005 New Scientist 2 Apr. 57 (advt.) The successful candidate is likely to have experience in most modern analytical techniques such as HPLC, GLC, FT-IR, NMR and LC-MS. 4. Mathematics. a. = analytic adj. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > characterized by theories of or approaches to physico-mathematical1660 analytical1694 Bernoulli1749 analytic1761 Boolean1851 Sturmian1853 Bernoullian1876 Fermatian1887 Grassmannian1894 number-theoretic1899 Cantor1902 Cantorian1912 Tauberian1913 Thiessen1923 intuitionist1926 metamathematical1926 finitist1931 number-theoretical1936 finitistic1937 proof-theoretic1940 formalistic1941 Gödelian1942 constructivist1943 constructivistic1944 game-theoretical1946 game-theoretic1950 finitary1952 perturbation-theoretic1964 perturbation-theoretical1968 constructive1979 1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 114 He concludes..with a Discourse concerning the Analytical Expression of Quadratures. 1739 J. Hanna tr. C. Wolfius Treat. Algebra iii. 93 There is an Art in the analytical Expression of the odd and even Numbers. 1802 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 105 I shall now shew, by a purely analytical process, what are the divisions of xn ± an. 1841 J. R. Young Math Diss. Pref. 3 The analytical expression for the radius of curvature. 1902 E. T. Whittaker Course Mod. Anal. Pref. The first half of this book..is chiefly concerned with the properties of infinite series and complex integrals, and their applications to the analytical expression of functions. 2002 Jrnl. Petrol. 43 1899/2 These partial differential equations have to be solved,..and the analytical solutions are then used to obtain eigenvectors and eigenvalues. b. Of a function: = analytic adj. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > relating to mathematical property simple1570 dissevered1605 periodicala1690 irreductible1753 analytical1799 analytic1800 compound1806 well-conditioned1843 one-valued1884 non-empty1905 well-behaved1912 minimax1917 irredundant1925 non-linear1930 constructive1938 extremal1939 max-min1949 meta-analytic1968 meta-analytic1978 1799 New Ann. Reg. 1798 Foreign Lit. 337/1 ‘The Theory of Analytical Functions, containing the Principles of the differential Calculus..by J. L. La Grange’,..is a work of very great importance. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 539/1 A monogenic analytical function. 1994 Q. Jrnl. Royal Astron. Soc. 35 558 An arbitrary, analytical function of the Ricci scalar. 5. Linguistics. = analytic adj. 4. ΚΠ 1816 P. S. Du Ponceau Let. 31 July in Trans. Hist. & Lit. Comm. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1819) 1 401 Such are the Icelandic, Danish, Swedish, and even the German and English. Those forms of the nouns and verbs which are generally called declensions and conjugations, are in those languages the result of an analytical process of mind, which has given to every single idea..a single word to express it... I would denominate this class of languages analytical or analytic. 1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. ix. 368 The analytical character of the modern European languages, of which English is the most extreme example. 1961 Brno Stud. in Eng. 3 10 The position of the word within the sentence context is grammaticalized to a much higher degree in analytical than in synthetic languages. 1998 Word 49 142 Agha states that Tibetan is in no way similar in its analyticism to a true analytical language—the Amerindian language Nass-Gitskan. 6. Library Science. Designating a catalogue entry for an individual part of a larger work (in addition to the main entry given for the complete work); relating to or characterized by such entries. ΚΠ 1844 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1841–3 2 76 Its professed object is to give analytical references to all works, whether books, pamphlets, or articles in periodicals. 1888 M. Dewey Rules for Author & Classed Catal. iv. 14 In analytical references when the article is independently paged, give full imprint of the analyzed part. 1911 Libr. Jrnl. Dec. 632 (title) A.L.A. analytical cards for periodical publication. 1935 H. A. Sharp Cataloguing vi. 83 Not nearly enough analytical cataloguing is done, usually because of space limitations. 1999 S. K. Pandey Encycl. Libr. Automation Syst. & Networks ii. 102 Analytical entries for parts not bibliographically independent..are commonly called ‘page’ analyticals. 7. = psychoanalytic adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > [adjective] analytic1898 analytical1906 psychoanalytic1906 psychoanalytical1908 psycho1914 depth1948 depth-psychological1958 1906 Jrnl. Mental Sci. Apr. 406 While Freud's method and theory remain substantially the same, he has very considerably developed the technique of his analytical process. 1957 Life 4 Feb. 68/2 The patients..give analysis a bad name by boring their acquaintances half to death with dubious analytical lore. 1990 Independent on Sunday 11 Feb. (Review Suppl.) 27/5 Freud, using his analytical methods, proved to his own satisfaction that Holmes was suffering from simple paranoia and had almost certainly invented Professor Moriarty. 2003 D. D. Gilmore Monsters ii. 16 With the analytical tools Freud has given us, we can effectively conceptualize the psychic mechanisms at work. Compounds analytical chemistry n. the branch of chemistry concerned with the identification and measurement (by chemical or instrumental means) of the constituents of a substance, or of particular components (e.g. contaminants) within it. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] analytical chemistry?1734 ?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. ix. 168 In our last Lecture we endeavoured to explain what the more intelligent Chemists understand by analytical Chemistry, or the Resolution of Bodies. 1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 165 A humble labourer in the science of Analytical Chemistry. 1938 Nature 15 Oct. 723/1 Increasing use of redox indicators is being made with marked success in analytical chemistry. 2003 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 27 Mar. a11 In Iraq, troops will also be doing some analytical chemistry... They would probably be using an ion mobility spectrometer. analytical engine n. chiefly historical a machine for performing (numerical) analysis; spec. (the name of) a mechanical calculating machine designed by Charles Babbage. ΚΠ 1835 Hints Introd. Improved Course of Study Univ. Cambr. 16 A person may mould himself into the form of an analytical engine, but never make himself a mathematician. 1843 tr. L. F. Menabrea in R. Taylor Sci. Mem. III. 666 (title) Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles Babbage Esq. 1930 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 45 154 He thinks of theory not as an analytical engine, but..as a store of rational hypotheses. 1948 Proc. Symp. Large-scale Digital Calculating Machinery 1947 93 The early designs of Babbage for an Analytical Engine involved a ‘mill’, in which the formulas were stored. 1993 G. Hayward in F. H. Hinsley & A. Stripp Codebreakers xxi. 175 Colossus was too valuable a machine as an analytical engine to be allowed to devote time to this. analytical geometry n. the part of geometry concerned with the use of coordinates and their treatment by means of algebra; = analytic geometry n. at analytic n. and adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > branches of planimetrya1393 conic?a1560 helicosophy1570 stereometry1570 spheric1660 planometry1669 mensuration1704 polygonometry1791 analytical geometry1802 isoperimetry1811 analytic geometry1817 algebraic geometry1821 coordinate geometry1837 non-Euclidean geometry1872 differential geometry1877 pangeometry1878 projective geometry1878 metageometry1890 Riemann geometry1895 variable geometry1957 1802 R. Woodhouse in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 117 It is proper to state a distinction necessary to be made, between what may be called analytical geometry, and the application of analysis to geometry. 1826 H. P. Hamilton Princ. Analyt. Geom. 2 Algebra may be applied to investigate the Theorems, and to resolve the Problems of Geometry... Application of these elementary branches of Mathematics forms the Science of Analytical Geometry. 1924 Amer. Math. Monthly 31 241 In plane analytical geometry, a point may be represented by a pair of numbers. 1997 Educ. Stud. Math. 34 107 A locus in analytical geometry is a set of points which satisfy a certain equation. analytical mechanics n. [after French mécanique analytique ( J. L. Lagrange Mécanique analytique (1788))] Mathematics classical mechanics as treated by means of differential and integral calculus. ΚΠ 1789 New Ann. Reg. 1788 Foreign Lit. 290/1 Among the publications which have appeared in France,..that which is principally deserving of attention, is a treatise, entitled ‘Analytical Mechanics, by M. de la Grange’. 1830 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3 338 I am not aware that this method of determination has been employed in Analytical Mechanics. 1906 Science 12 Jan. 51/2 Maxwell..succeeded in establishing the connection between his electromagnetic theory and the analytical mechanics of Lagrange. 1999 A. Reisinger tr. E. Klein & M. Lachièze-Rey Quest for Unity i. 23 In the purest Newtonian tradition, analytical mechanics was to represent a partial return to a Cartesian approach. analytical note n. Music (usually in plural) a critical analysis of a composition performed at a concert or on a recording, as found in the concert programme, on the record sleeve, etc.; cf. analytical programme n. ΚΠ 1853 Morning Herald 10 Dec. 5/4 The Committee propose to issue the librettos of all the great works which belong to their repertoire, accompanied by analytical notes. 1906 E. Evans Tchaikovsky 125 Every concert goer necessarily has a programme containing the fullest analytical notes. 1920 Musical Times Oct. 689/2 In spite of the very flowery periods of the analytical note which promised us a vision of brilliancy, strength, and speed in the last number,..the best that can honestly be said for it is that its somewhat naive realism is mildly amusing. 2008 Amer. Rec. Guide May–June 238 The analytical notes by the pianist, with his ‘reflections’ on the meaning of this music to his life, add greatly to the success of his playing. analytical philosopher n. a person who approaches something complex by examining it in relation to its constituent elements; esp. a practitioner of analytical philosophy. ΚΠ 1815 H. Davy in Rep. Arts, Manufactures, & Agric. 27 141 Some enquirers adopting that sublime generalisation of the antient philosophers..have endeavoured to prove..that vegetable life is a process in which bodies that the analytical philosopher is unable to change or form, are constantly composed and decomposed. 1854 J. Coulthard tr. C. W. von Humboldt Sphere & Duties of Govt. viii. 105 It is the analytical philosopher alone..who is able to arrive at his results through the calm, but cold processes of reason. 1945 Mind 54 194 Both the casuist and the systematist, if they are analytical philosophers, are interested in the individual clarifications that are peculiar to this kind of philosophising. 2005 S. Blackburn Truth vi. 139 Analytical philosophers are apt to suppose that the wild writings and licentious thinking of relativism and postmodernism have nothing to do with them. analytical philosophy n. Philosophy (in early use) any system or approach which tries to resolve problems by breaking them down into more simple ideas, facts, etc.; (in later use) the examination of propositions, concepts, etc., through analysis of the language in which they are expressed.The term is chiefly associated with the practitioners of Anglo-American philosophy, esp. of the early 20th cent., such as Moore, Russell, and Wittgenstein, and is often contrasted with continental, a broad description for the writings of European political and existentialist philosophers. ΚΠ 1807 Crit. Rev. 3rd Ser. Aug. 471 If the disciples of Hippocrates had understood his lessons well, they might have laid the foundation of that analytical philosophy, by the aid of which the human mind will be..enabled to create..some new and improved instruments of advancement. 1857 H. le M. Chepmell Short Course Hist. 2nd Ser. I. 376 By the genius of Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas, the analytical philosophy of Aristotle..was blended with the mystical idealism of Plato, and triumphantly established as orthodox. 1938 Philosophy 13 353 He [sc. A. J. Ayer] suggests..analytical philosophy is explanation of the proper use of words, but only of such as may encourage us to draw false inferences, ask spurious questions, or make nonsensical assumptions. 1979 C. Taylor Hegel & Mod. Soc. I. Introd. p. vii The analytical philosophy of the contemporary Anglo-Saxon world was developed by Moore, Russell and others in revolt against idealism and the influence of Hegel. 2006 Church Times 7 Apr. 22/5 Analytical philosophy takes the Sven-Göran Eriksson approach to God: cool, detached, emotionless; all reason and no passion. analytical programme n. a concert programme containing critical analyses of the works performed; a book of programme notes. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > concert > analyses of works performed analytical programme1852 analytic programme1865 1852 Times 15 Apr. 5/6 The Island of Calypso, which, however ‘imperfect and unsatisfactory be the mode of bringing forward English operas’ (vide analytical programme of last night) could scarcely have been performed in a more imperfect and unsatisfactory style. 1919 Musical Q. 5 494 [John] Thomson, for the first concert, added to the book of words analytical notes on the principal pieces, which entitle him to be remembered as the inventor of the analytical programme. 2003 Toronto Star (Nexis) 9 Aug. h8 The Rembrandt String Quartet presented a model analytical program,..wonderfully informative and informal. analytical psychology n. (a) = analytic psychology n. at analytic n. and adj. Compounds; (b) the psychoanalytical system developed and practised by C. G. Jung, esp. its practical applications (also known as Jungian analysis).The term was in earlier use by various writers and practitioners of psychology, but soon became associated with Jung's system to distinguish it from Freud's psychoanalysis. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Jung > [noun] analytical psychology1835 Jungianism1956 1835 J. S. Mill in London Rev. Apr. 107 Of Locke's Essay, the beginning and foundation of the modern analytical psychology, we cannot speak but with the deepest reverence. 1916 C. E. Long tr. (title) C. G. Jung. Collected papers on analytical psychology. 1940 Jrnl. Philos. 37 427 There are many types of analytical psychology. The simplest breaks up the self into ideas which group themselves by some principle of association into a general field of consciousness. 1961 A. W. Watts Psychotherapy East & West iii. 53 Successful psychotherapy is carried out by Freudian psychoanalysis, by Rogers' nondirective counseling, and by Jung's analytical psychology. 2007 Internet Bookwatch (Nexis) 1 Sept. Analytical psychology as part of a holistic approach to help the suffering of patients. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1528 |
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