factionn.¹

Brit.

/ˈfakʃn/, U.S.

/ˈfækʃən/

Forms: late Middle English faccyoun, late Middle English factyone, late Middle English–1500s faccyon, 1500s faccion, 1500s factyon, 1500s facyon, 1500s ffaction, 1500s– faction; Scottish pre-1700 factioun, pre-1700 factioune, pre-1700 1700s– faction, 1700s factione.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French faction; Latin factiōn-, factiō.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French faction, faccion (French faction ) organized dissenting group within a larger one, seditious group of people (c1355), seditious action (c1355), action or process of doing or making something (c1370; for earlier senses of the French word, see fashion n.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin factiōn-, factiō action or manner of making or doing, class (of persons) either professional or social, band, company, group, racing establishment (including charioteers and other staff), school (of science, etc.), political party, clique, party of conspirators, conspiracy, adherence to a group or party, partisanship < fact- , past participial stem of facere to do, make (see fact n.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan facció (1392), Italian fazione action or process of doing or making something (a1313; for earlier senses, see fashion n.), organized dissenting group (beginning of the 14th cent.), and also (in sense 2a) German Faktion (1522 as †Faction ). Compare earlier fashion n.

†1. Cf. fashion n. 1.

a. The action or process of making something; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun]

shaft888

makinglOE

creationa1393

faction1440

uprearing1551

operationc1616

essentiating1635

emanation1742

naturing1880

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 150 Fassyone, or factyone [?a1475 Winch. faccyon], forme of makynge, forma, formefactura, formefactio.

1612 R. Sheldon 1st Serm. after Conversion 34 Their daily new makings, productions, factions, creations..of Christ.

1676 R. Dixon Nature Two Test. 29 Faction, when a Testator declares this to be his last Will and Testament.

1689 R. Ware Foxes & Firebrands: Pt. III 216 Either by Creation or Faction from some pre-existing matter.

1749 G. Harris tr. Justinian Institutes: Liber Primus ii. xix. 84 They should be capable of the faction of a testament [L. testamenti factio].

b. A way of acting or behaving; an action, proceeding, course of conduct; doings, proceedings. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > [noun]

workingOE

deedc1000

makinglOE

gestsa1340

doing1372

makea1400

workmanshipc1400

faction1447

action1483

performancec1487

performation1504

performent1527

fact1548

practice1553

agitation1573

practisy1573

function1578

affair1598

acture1609

perpetrationa1631

employing1707

the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > (a) course of conduct or action

wayeOE

pathOE

waya1225

tracea1300

line13..

dancea1352

tenor1398

featc1420

faction1447

rink?a1500

footpath1535

trade1536

vein1549

tract1575

course1582

road1600

country dance1613

track1638

steeragea1641

rhumb1666

tack1675

conduct1706

walk1755

wheel-way1829

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 969 I wyl not tellyn now what accyoun He feynyd the patryark to pursu, And how & be what similat faccyoun Meche peple to hys fauour he dreu.

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 233 Then made they by curious entailyng an ymage emportyng by figure the symylitude and faction of a yong parsone representyng by true portrature his bodily essence.

1530 King Henry VIII Let. in R. Fiddes Life Wolsey (1724) Collect. 181 A great Part of the youth..with contentious Factions and Manner, daily combineing together.

1559 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1725) I. App. viii. 22 The Pope's Factions in refusinge to..confirme those which were duely electyd to Ecclesiasticall Dignities.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 139 When they lie downe they turne round in a circle, two or three times togither. [Margin] The factions of Dogs for their owne ease.

a1625 J. Boys Wks. (1629) 628 The prisoner of Jesus Christ, in bonds not for any faction of yours or fault of his owne.

1749 Horse & Monkey 5 Boast of his noble heart and actions, His spirit, zeal, and daring factions.

1883 J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington 134 The usual election dinner in the afternoon closed the ‘faction’ of the year..with the exception of the Convener's dinner on the Saturday.

a. An organized dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics or religion; (more generally) a group of people united in maintaining a cause, policy, or opinion in opposition to others; a party, a side. Cf. party n. 9a.Originally and still sometimes depreciative, implying selfish or mischievous ends or disruptive or unscrupulous methods.borough, court faction: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [noun]

partyc1325

sidec1325

partc1385

livery1477

faction1509

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun]

partc1385

livery1477

faction1509

partialitya1533

side1566

party1682

set1748

democracy1803

machine party1858

column1906

MNLF1975

1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Av^v Yf ony faccyons or bendes were made..she..dyde boulte it oute.

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 33 Tindals faccion and his disciples..beleue lyke their master.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. viii. f. 17 Chore, Dathan and Abiron, and all that wycked faction.

1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints iii. f. 54^v What continuall warres, hath the Faction of the Arrians bene the occasion of?

1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 331 Hee..was Chiefe of the faction of the white Rose.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 2 Sept. (1974) VIII. 415 He hath joined himself with my Lady Castlemayn's faction.

1734 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 662/1 When Men of the first Rank for Reputation and Fortune endeavour to check the arbitrary Designs of Persons in Power,..such ought not to be called a Faction.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xviii. 493 The public tranquillity was disturbed by a discontented faction.

1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. vi. 157 Religion was running into factions.

1849 G. C. Lewis Ess. Infl. Authority x. 385 (note) When a party abandons public and general ends, and devotes itself only to the personal interests of its members and leaders, it is called a faction, and its policy is said to be factious.

1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. vii. 108 The Marian faction and the Spanish faction had played into each other's hands.

1919 W. E. Chancellor Educ. Sociol. i. ii. 17 The Church of the Latter Day Saints (Mormons), began as a faction about a century ago.

1962 L. Namier Crossroads of Power xx. 219 An assembly whose leaders contend for office and power is bound to split into factions divided by personal animosities and trying to preserve their identity and coherence in and out of power.

1993 U.S. News & World Rep. 18 Jan. 15/1 The first ‘wolf summit’ will bring together warring factions of environmentalists, hunters and policy mavens to debate the future of the Alaska wolf.

2010 Observer 21 Mar. 2/2 Makuza was first displaced in 1998 by fighters from Pareco, a faction of the Mai Mai tribal militia.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts.Often with reference to bees, after Virgil Georgics iv. (see quots. 1697, 1815).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun]

deala800

doleOE

endOE

lotlOE

partyc1300

parta1325

specec1330

portiona1387

piecec1400

proportion1443

parcellingc1449

faction1577

piecemeal1603

proportional1856

1577 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. Ephesians xli. f. 294^v Though there bee many fingers and many sinewes in a mans bodie: yit is that no let but that they bee all one thing... For it is vnkyndly that the bodie should fall too banding, and too deuiding of it selfe intoo factions.

1612 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. I. ii. vi. 224 The faction of euill is so much stronger in our nature, then that of Good.

1627 P. Fletcher Locustæ ii. ii The spirit and flesh man in two factions rend.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 125 If intestine Broils allarm the Hive..The Vulgar in divided Factions jar.

1797 ‘A. Pasquin’ Pin-basket to Children of Thespis 199 The Plants are divided into two factions..; one of which justifies the interference of the Cedar, and the other condemns it.

1815 W. Sotheby tr. Virgil Georgics (ed. 2) iv. 181 But if contending factions arm the hive.

1861 Amer. Bee Jrnl. June 140/1 The workers are divided into two factions, one of which delights in thwarting and counteracting the plans or projects of the other.

1900 Badminton Mag. Jan. 2 The rest of the pack..got to them as promptly as if six whips were behind them, and the whole faction plunged into a little wood on the top of what was evidently a burning scent.

1989 Car & Driver Sept. 35/2 Seems the swarm was part of a colony that had split, leaving one faction hiveless.

c. Roman History. Each of the companies or organizations of contractors for chariot races and (later) other public entertainments, each one typically being identified with a particular colour.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > chariot race > [noun] > company

faction1606

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 188 A chariot driver one of the greene-coate faction [L. prasinum agitatorem].

a1661 B. Holyday in tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) ix. 177 Which veil or shadow..was green, to express the person that wore it, to be affected to the Green faction or party of the Charioters.

1738 E. A. Burgis Ann. Church II. 257 There were two factions of different colours there to favour the race-runners.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xl. 69 The blue and green factions continued to afflict the reign of Justinian.

1841 Sporting Rev. Sept. 172 The first charioteer of an opposite faction, who had gained no less than seven hundred and eighty prizes in his long and honourable career.

1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. iii. 231 An enthusiastic partisan of one of the factions in the chariot races.

1882 C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. xi. 308 The factions of the Blues and Greens were promised as many chariot~races as could be run between morning and night.

1922 F. Schevill Hist. Balkan Penins. iv. 51 These domestic commotions had their immediate origin in the passionate rivalry of the two factions of the circus.

1960 A. Duggan Family Favourites ii. 38 Twelve chariots started, four from each of the three factions of Thessalonica.

2008 R. Webb Demons & Dancers i. 42 By the end of the fifth century, all entertainment was organized by the factions—the Blues, Greens, Reds, and Whites—which had been responsible for organizing chariot racing in Rome.

(a) Originally: a close-knit group of interrelated families in the Scottish Highlands or Ireland, a clan. Now usually: a close-knit Irish rural group, usually consisting of the members of a particular family and their relatives and friends, in a mutually hostile relationship with similar groups. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > clan > [noun] > Scottish

clanc1425

faction1699

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew at Clan Family, Tribe, Faction, Party in Scotland chiefly, but now any where else.

1784 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XLII. i. 42 Fitz-Maurice and Fitz-Thomas, heads of the Geraldine faction.., proceeded to an act of violence, which even the Mac-Arthy's had scrupled to commit.

1797 J. Pinkerton Hist. Scotl. I. ii. 51 The north of Scotland being disturbed by continual feuds, between the two highland factions of Clan Kay, commanded by one Shee-beg and his relations, and Clan Quhele under a Christie Jonson.

1813 M. Leadbeater Cottage Dialogues among Irish Peasantry II. 256 The two hostile factions march into the fair, flourishing their shillelahs, and proceed to break one another's heads.

1838 A. M. Hall Lights & Shadows Irish Life I. 287 There's as many as twenty of my faction at the Grey-beard's stone.

1888 W. B. Yeats Fairy & Folk Tales 183 All the people he met on the inch that night were friends of a different faction.

1922 D. S. Jordan Days of Man II. v. xlix. 621 Opposition to home rule was voiced occasionally on social grounds. A titled Irish lady of Dublin..told me that she was against it ‘because of the violence of Irish factions’.

1977 P. Muldoon Mules 42 And my father further dimmed the light To get back to hunting with ferrets Or the factions of the faction-fights, The Ribbon Boys, the Caravats.

2007 J. W. Hurley Shillelagh x. 326 The local ‘Garrison’—O'Mahony's hereditary enemy faction—were, unlike the O'Mahony Clann, loyal to the government.

(b) South African. Any of various rival groups of rural black people involved in a mutually hostile relationship characterized by periodic outbreaks of violence.Now often regarded as simplistic or misleading in attributing such violence primarily to historical ‘tribal’ divisions rather than social conditions such as poverty.Earliest and chiefly in attributive use: see Compounds 1b.

ΚΠ

1880 Irish Times 21 Feb. 5/5 A serious faction fight..between about 700 Fingoes and Zulus, and 500 Cape Caffirs.

1961 T. V. Bulpin White Whirlwind 97 The Usutu faction showed signs of resuming their active hostility as soon as the crops had been reaped and men were free to fight and travel on the dry earth.

1971 Daily Disp. (East London, S. Afr.) 25 Sept. 1 Four Pondo tribesmen were killed when a 100-strong faction clashed with a group of 25 men in the Nyati area.

2010 Sowetan (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 23 Mar. The eMankwanyaneni and eMankenganeni factions have been at loggerheads for some time, with the situation spiralling out of control recently.

a. gen. A group or class of persons. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade

mannishOE

placec1330

state1340

gree1382

conditionc1384

sectc1384

sortc1386

ordera1400

raff?a1400

degreea1425

countenancec1477

faction?1529

estate1530

race1563

calibre1567

being1579

coat1579

rang1580

rank1585

tier1590

classis1597

strain1600

consequence1602

regiment1602

sept1610

standinga1616

class1629

species1629

nome1633

quality1636

sort1671

size1679

situation1710

distinction1721

walk of life1733

walk1737

stage1801

strata1805

grade1808

caste1816

social stratum1838

station1842

stratum1863

echelon1950

?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A vij^v Dyuers facciones Of collegianes monkes and chanones Haue spred this regyon ouer all.

1594 W. Fowler True Reportarie Baptisme Prince of Scotl. sig. A4^v The second faction did carie these: A Hart half in fire, & half in frost: on the one part Cupids torch, & on the other, Iupiters thunder.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 187 He chose..5000..young men out of the commons, who beeing sorted into factions [L. factiones] should learne certaine kinde of shouts and applauses.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 120 I will..leaue the faction of fooles.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. i. 36 This fellow were a King, for our wilde faction .

a1644 W. Chillingworth Nine Serm. ii. 24 in Relig. of Protestants (1664) Yet not one, or two, but the whole Colledge, the whole faction of them [sc. the Pharisees], you shall find in Matth. 23. very near their end.

1842 H. W. Herbert Sporting Scenes & Sundry Sketches II. 112 Hence have arisen all the factions of rhyme-grinders, jingling their bells.

1886 Dovorian Mar. 11/1 I belong to that much-despised, and I think I may say, injured faction of mankind, ‘The Convicts’.

1927 Travel Nov. 31/1 Ninety per cent of Haiti population [sic] is black and much of the remaining faction is mulatto.

b. Scottish. A division of a class at Aberdeen Grammar School. Also: the set of benches or desks for one such division. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils

school1586

faction1700

lower school1725

middle school1829

side1866

1700 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) II. 331 Item, in tyme of prayer that each decurio goe to the factione under his inspectione.

1864 Macmillan's Mag. Jan. 225/2 Each of the four oblong class-rooms had..two rows of ‘factions’ as they were called—i.e. wooden seats, with narrow sloping writing benches in front of them.

1868 J. Riddell Aberdeen & its Folk 20 To make a thorough examination of all the ‘factions’ in that establishment, in order to ascertain whether the poet..had left the marks of his pocket-knife behind him.

1870 I. Burns Mem. W. C. Burns i. 20 He fought his way steadily..through the class till he reached..the highest ‘faction’.

1872 D. Brown Life Late J. Duncan ii. 14 Maintaining his position in the first faction or bench,—each faction containing only four boys.

1900 Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) In the Abd. Grammar School the 4th and 5th classes were divided into factions of four, the number of boys on a desk. ‘I'm third of the fourth faction’ (15th from dux).

1978 Aberdeen Univ. Rev. 47 252 Stables himself attended the Grammar School (1852-4), but usually occupied the lower factions (forms) in the rector's class, and did not attempt a bursary.

4. Dissension within a political party or other organization, especially when resulting in self-interested or turbulent strife or intrigue; conflict or dispute between opposed or mutually hostile groups; factious spirit or action. in faction with: in league with.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > [noun]

unsibeOE

unsaughta1122

un-i-sibc1275

conteckc1290

discordingc1325

distancec1325

discordance1340

dissensionc1384

batea1400

discordc1425

variancec1425

variationc1485

disgreement?1504

distinction1520

factiona1538

jar1546

variety1546

disagreeance1548

disagreeing1548

disagreement1548

misliking1564

odds1567

mislikea1586

discordancy1587

disagree1589

distancy1595

dissent1596

dislike1598

secting1598

dichostasy1606

fraction1609

dissentation1623

ill blood1624

misintelligence1632

clashing1642

misunderstanding1642

discomposure1659

disjointinga1715

uneasiness1744

friction1760

misunderstand1819

unharmony1866

inharmony1867

trouble at (the or t') mill1967

society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [noun] > partisanship or factionalism

partiality1520

partaking1533

factiona1538

factiousness1572

siding1600

side-taking1626

parting1652

partying1681

party spirit1705

party1726

party feeling1796

partyism1831

partisanship1834

factionism1848

partisanism1850

factionalism1855

partisanry1889

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate with for common purpose [verb (transitive)]

alliance1533

to combine a league1562

enleague1596

to strike ina1637

factiona1652

adoptate1662

to strike up1714

enjoin1734

to go in1851

train1866

to tie up1888

affiliate1949

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 71 Ther shold be facyon & partys wyth grete ambycyon, & envy.

1573 T. Twyne tr. H. Llwyd Breuiary of Britayne f. 86 Infore time they were prepared for kyngs, but now through fauour, and faction: euery prince hath gotten them.

a1652 R. Brome Mad Couple Well Match'd ii. i. sig. D, in Five New Playes (1653) The Rogue's in faction with 'em.

1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) Pref. 13 An Equality among Pastors, cannot hold long without Faction.

1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) Ded. p. xvi But Faction hath no Regard to national Interests.

a1797 E. Burke Thoughts on Scarcity (1800) 1 Idle tales spread about by the industry of faction.

1842 R. W. Emerson Conservative in Nature, Ess. & Lect. on Times (1844) 112 The man of principle..even in the fury of faction is respected.

1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury I. vi. 348 The popularity, which faction was obliged..to concede.

1902 Globe (Philadelphia) Mar. 43 Brutus..whose excellence would make appear as gold the basest metal of those in faction with him.

1957 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples III. iv The religious passions of former years now flowed into the channels of political faction.

1991 D. Rieff Los Angeles i. i. 30 Riven now by faction and special interests as to be almost ungovernable..people were talking despairingly about how to stave off inevitable decline.

5. A conflict or intrigue involving opposed or mutually hostile groups; a factious feud or dispute. Often (and now only) in phrases with a synonym or near-synonym.In modern uses probably usually understood as sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [noun] > factious strife or quarrel

seditiona1380

faction1549

parts1600

brigue1602

part-fray1631

stasis1933

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > conspiracy

conspiracyc1386

conspiration1388

confederationc1530

faction1549

conspiring1561

combination1593

complotment1594

confederacy1594

complotting1607

colluding1611

compacta1616

trinketing1646

caballinga1680

cabal1738

colloguing1880

collogue1887

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. James iii. f. xxxv For that doctrine that is contencious and wrangling, engendreth nothyng elles but faccions and fallyng out.

1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 18 Hurdibras allayed the factions and quarrels that he found among his people.

1622 S. Pepys Diary 22 Jan. (1970) III. 15 There are factions (private ones at Court) about Madam Palmer.

1623 W. Laud in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 241 A faction about the choice of a newe Governour.

1760 Christians Mag. 4 199 They continued stubborn, and the city, by the factions of private persons, was divided into parties.

1760 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XXI. xix. i. 92 They were continually embarked in factions and quarrels against each other.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. xi. 305 Where there is such bandying of private feuds and public factions.

1860 Latter-day Saints' Millennial Star 22 Dec. 805/1 The political feuds or factions, the seditious tendency of the people were never more portentous over Jerusalem..than they now are over the United States of America.

1905 The Word Mar. 259 For the body and its passionate longings, and nothing else besides, cause wars, factions and quarrels.

1987 P. N. Limerick Legacy of Conquest vii. 225 The colony of New Mexico: unproductive, isolated.., bogged down in factions and disputes despite the smallness of the stakes.

2007 J. Lindskold Wolf's Blood v. 61 In order to overcome the factions and feuds that had grown up among the various villages..he must find something for them to hate and fear more than they hated and feared each other.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive and objective.

ΚΠ

1609 S. Grahame Anat. Humors f. 4 A Malevole, one who expects the change of Court, a suborner, or else a faction-maker.

a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 238 Hamilton was not named by a private Faction-Governour.

a1754 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 591 Him and some of his faction members.

1833 University Mag. Dec. 627/1 This angry dialogue between the two faction leaders.

1959 Jrnl. Conflict Resol. 3 68 The not unusual practice of concealing faction formation by voting with the majority in plenary session.

1990 Canberra Times 31 Mar. 1/4 Senator McMullan has been lobbying key faction leaders.

b. attributive. Designating or relating to conflict or violence arising between factions (esp. in sense 2d), as faction fight, faction fighter, faction fighting, etc.

ΚΠ

1830 National Mag. 1 565 If a faction fight had once commenced between them, it might be kept up in fairs and markets for centuries to come.

1831 J. Banim & M. Banim Chaunt of Cholera 43 (note) The facts of these verses occurred..at the time when efforts were made to put an end to the faction-fighting of the Irish peasantry.

1846 Parl. Gazetteer Ireland, 1844–5 III. 229/2 [Shillelagh] having furnished many thousand most approved sticks to brawling and riotous faction-fighters.

1880Faction fight [see sense 2d(b)].

?1948 A. W. Hoernle in H. Tracey Lalela Zulu: 100 Zulu Lyrics p. viii Faction fighting is not ‘warfare’ as we know it, but it is to the Zulu a kind of national sport.

1983 Sowetan (Johannesburg) 12 Sept. 2 Police are working on a new strategy to curb the rising number of ‘faction’ killings at Soweto's hostels..after the killing of a ‘faction’ gunman who earlier shot two people.

1990 Independent on Sunday 18 Feb. 13/8 The rural Zulus [are] often driven to the squatter camps in the townships by overcrowding or faction fights in the countryside.

2001 New Internationalist Nov. 17/2 The Soviet Union withdrew in 1989 and, in the faction-fighting that followed, much of the country [sc. Afghanistan] that hadn't already been destroyed was flattened.

C2. With adjectives, in senses 2a, 4.

† faction-mad adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1663 Rod for Fools Back (single sheet) This it is which makes you Faction mad, He has appeal'd to what you never had.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 673 An overbearing race That, like the multitude made faction-mad, Disturb good order.

1881 Morning Post 8 Apr. 6/6 A promise which Russia has given most unwillingly..and which only faction-mad English politicians..can attach any value to.

faction-ridden adj.

ΚΠ

1712 Examiner No. 39. We have been Faction-ridden for so many Years together.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Oct. 1/2 The distracted and faction ridden Republic of France.

1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 16 Nov. 26/3 While remaining the most faction-ridden body imaginable, it carried out some of the most spectacular acts of terrorism in twentieth-century European history.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	faction
释义	factionn.¹ Brit. /ˈfakʃn/, U.S. /ˈfækʃən/ Forms: late Middle English faccyoun, late Middle English factyone, late Middle English–1500s faccyon, 1500s faccion, 1500s factyon, 1500s facyon, 1500s ffaction, 1500s– faction; Scottish pre-1700 factioun, pre-1700 factioune, pre-1700 1700s– faction, 1700s factione. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French faction; Latin factiōn-, factiō. Etymology: < (i) Middle French faction, faccion (French faction ) organized dissenting group within a larger one, seditious group of people (c1355), seditious action (c1355), action or process of doing or making something (c1370; for earlier senses of the French word, see fashion n.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin factiōn-, factiō action or manner of making or doing, class (of persons) either professional or social, band, company, group, racing establishment (including charioteers and other staff), school (of science, etc.), political party, clique, party of conspirators, conspiracy, adherence to a group or party, partisanship < fact- , past participial stem of facere to do, make (see fact n.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan facció (1392), Italian fazione action or process of doing or making something (a1313; for earlier senses, see fashion n.), organized dissenting group (beginning of the 14th cent.), and also (in sense 2a) German Faktion (1522 as †Faction ). Compare earlier fashion n. †1. Cf. fashion n. 1. a. The action or process of making something; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] shaft888 makinglOE creationa1393 faction1440 uprearing1551 operationc1616 essentiating1635 emanation1742 naturing1880 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 150 Fassyone, or factyone [?a1475 Winch. faccyon], forme of makynge, forma, formefactura, formefactio. 1612 R. Sheldon 1st Serm. after Conversion 34 Their daily new makings, productions, factions, creations..of Christ. 1676 R. Dixon Nature Two Test. 29 Faction, when a Testator declares this to be his last Will and Testament. 1689 R. Ware Foxes & Firebrands: Pt. III 216 Either by Creation or Faction from some pre-existing matter. 1749 G. Harris tr. Justinian Institutes: Liber Primus ii. xix. 84 They should be capable of the faction of a testament [L. testamenti factio]. b. A way of acting or behaving; an action, proceeding, course of conduct; doings, proceedings. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] workingOE deedc1000 makinglOE gestsa1340 doing1372 makea1400 workmanshipc1400 faction1447 action1483 performancec1487 performation1504 performent1527 fact1548 practice1553 agitation1573 practisy1573 function1578 affair1598 acture1609 perpetrationa1631 employing1707 the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > (a) course of conduct or action wayeOE pathOE waya1225 tracea1300 line13.. dancea1352 tenor1398 featc1420 faction1447 rink?a1500 footpath1535 trade1536 vein1549 tract1575 course1582 road1600 country dance1613 track1638 steeragea1641 rhumb1666 tack1675 conduct1706 walk1755 wheel-way1829 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 969 I wyl not tellyn now what accyoun He feynyd the patryark to pursu, And how & be what similat faccyoun Meche peple to hys fauour he dreu. c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 233 Then made they by curious entailyng an ymage emportyng by figure the symylitude and faction of a yong parsone representyng by true portrature his bodily essence. 1530 King Henry VIII Let. in R. Fiddes Life Wolsey (1724) Collect. 181 A great Part of the youth..with contentious Factions and Manner, daily combineing together. 1559 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1725) I. App. viii. 22 The Pope's Factions in refusinge to..confirme those which were duely electyd to Ecclesiasticall Dignities. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 139 When they lie downe they turne round in a circle, two or three times togither. [Margin] The factions of Dogs for their owne ease. a1625 J. Boys Wks. (1629) 628 The prisoner of Jesus Christ, in bonds not for any faction of yours or fault of his owne. 1749 Horse & Monkey 5 Boast of his noble heart and actions, His spirit, zeal, and daring factions. 1883 J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington 134 The usual election dinner in the afternoon closed the ‘faction’ of the year..with the exception of the Convener's dinner on the Saturday. 2. a. An organized dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics or religion; (more generally) a group of people united in maintaining a cause, policy, or opinion in opposition to others; a party, a side. Cf. party n. 9a.Originally and still sometimes depreciative, implying selfish or mischievous ends or disruptive or unscrupulous methods.borough, court faction: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [noun] partyc1325 sidec1325 partc1385 livery1477 faction1509 society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] partc1385 livery1477 faction1509 partialitya1533 side1566 party1682 set1748 democracy1803 machine party1858 column1906 MNLF1975 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Av^v Yf ony faccyons or bendes were made..she..dyde boulte it oute. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 33 Tindals faccion and his disciples..beleue lyke their master. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. viii. f. 17 Chore, Dathan and Abiron, and all that wycked faction. 1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints iii. f. 54^v What continuall warres, hath the Faction of the Arrians bene the occasion of? 1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 331 Hee..was Chiefe of the faction of the white Rose. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 2 Sept. (1974) VIII. 415 He hath joined himself with my Lady Castlemayn's faction. 1734 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 662/1 When Men of the first Rank for Reputation and Fortune endeavour to check the arbitrary Designs of Persons in Power,..such ought not to be called a Faction. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xviii. 493 The public tranquillity was disturbed by a discontented faction. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. vi. 157 Religion was running into factions. 1849 G. C. Lewis Ess. Infl. Authority x. 385 (note) When a party abandons public and general ends, and devotes itself only to the personal interests of its members and leaders, it is called a faction, and its policy is said to be factious. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. vii. 108 The Marian faction and the Spanish faction had played into each other's hands. 1919 W. E. Chancellor Educ. Sociol. i. ii. 17 The Church of the Latter Day Saints (Mormons), began as a faction about a century ago. 1962 L. Namier Crossroads of Power xx. 219 An assembly whose leaders contend for office and power is bound to split into factions divided by personal animosities and trying to preserve their identity and coherence in and out of power. 1993 U.S. News & World Rep. 18 Jan. 15/1 The first ‘wolf summit’ will bring together warring factions of environmentalists, hunters and policy mavens to debate the future of the Alaska wolf. 2010 Observer 21 Mar. 2/2 Makuza was first displaced in 1998 by fighters from Pareco, a faction of the Mai Mai tribal militia. b. figurative and in figurative contexts.Often with reference to bees, after Virgil Georgics iv. (see quots. 1697, 1815). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] deala800 doleOE endOE lotlOE partyc1300 parta1325 specec1330 portiona1387 piecec1400 proportion1443 parcellingc1449 faction1577 piecemeal1603 proportional1856 1577 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. Ephesians xli. f. 294^v Though there bee many fingers and many sinewes in a mans bodie: yit is that no let but that they bee all one thing... For it is vnkyndly that the bodie should fall too banding, and too deuiding of it selfe intoo factions. 1612 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. I. ii. vi. 224 The faction of euill is so much stronger in our nature, then that of Good. 1627 P. Fletcher Locustæ ii. ii The spirit and flesh man in two factions rend. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 125 If intestine Broils allarm the Hive..The Vulgar in divided Factions jar. View more context for this quotation 1797 ‘A. Pasquin’ Pin-basket to Children of Thespis 199 The Plants are divided into two factions..; one of which justifies the interference of the Cedar, and the other condemns it. 1815 W. Sotheby tr. Virgil Georgics (ed. 2) iv. 181 But if contending factions arm the hive. 1861 Amer. Bee Jrnl. June 140/1 The workers are divided into two factions, one of which delights in thwarting and counteracting the plans or projects of the other. 1900 Badminton Mag. Jan. 2 The rest of the pack..got to them as promptly as if six whips were behind them, and the whole faction plunged into a little wood on the top of what was evidently a burning scent. 1989 Car & Driver Sept. 35/2 Seems the swarm was part of a colony that had split, leaving one faction hiveless. c. Roman History. Each of the companies or organizations of contractors for chariot races and (later) other public entertainments, each one typically being identified with a particular colour. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > chariot race > [noun] > company faction1606 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 188 A chariot driver one of the greene-coate faction [L. prasinum agitatorem]. a1661 B. Holyday in tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) ix. 177 Which veil or shadow..was green, to express the person that wore it, to be affected to the Green faction or party of the Charioters. 1738 E. A. Burgis Ann. Church II. 257 There were two factions of different colours there to favour the race-runners. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xl. 69 The blue and green factions continued to afflict the reign of Justinian. 1841 Sporting Rev. Sept. 172 The first charioteer of an opposite faction, who had gained no less than seven hundred and eighty prizes in his long and honourable career. 1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. iii. 231 An enthusiastic partisan of one of the factions in the chariot races. 1882 C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. xi. 308 The factions of the Blues and Greens were promised as many chariot~races as could be run between morning and night. 1922 F. Schevill Hist. Balkan Penins. iv. 51 These domestic commotions had their immediate origin in the passionate rivalry of the two factions of the circus. 1960 A. Duggan Family Favourites ii. 38 Twelve chariots started, four from each of the three factions of Thessalonica. 2008 R. Webb Demons & Dancers i. 42 By the end of the fifth century, all entertainment was organized by the factions—the Blues, Greens, Reds, and Whites—which had been responsible for organizing chariot racing in Rome. d. (a) Originally: a close-knit group of interrelated families in the Scottish Highlands or Ireland, a clan. Now usually: a close-knit Irish rural group, usually consisting of the members of a particular family and their relatives and friends, in a mutually hostile relationship with similar groups. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > clan > [noun] > Scottish clanc1425 faction1699 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew at Clan Family, Tribe, Faction, Party in Scotland chiefly, but now any where else. 1784 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XLII. i. 42 Fitz-Maurice and Fitz-Thomas, heads of the Geraldine faction.., proceeded to an act of violence, which even the Mac-Arthy's had scrupled to commit. 1797 J. Pinkerton Hist. Scotl. I. ii. 51 The north of Scotland being disturbed by continual feuds, between the two highland factions of Clan Kay, commanded by one Shee-beg and his relations, and Clan Quhele under a Christie Jonson. 1813 M. Leadbeater Cottage Dialogues among Irish Peasantry II. 256 The two hostile factions march into the fair, flourishing their shillelahs, and proceed to break one another's heads. 1838 A. M. Hall Lights & Shadows Irish Life I. 287 There's as many as twenty of my faction at the Grey-beard's stone. 1888 W. B. Yeats Fairy & Folk Tales 183 All the people he met on the inch that night were friends of a different faction. 1922 D. S. Jordan Days of Man II. v. xlix. 621 Opposition to home rule was voiced occasionally on social grounds. A titled Irish lady of Dublin..told me that she was against it ‘because of the violence of Irish factions’. 1977 P. Muldoon Mules 42 And my father further dimmed the light To get back to hunting with ferrets Or the factions of the faction-fights, The Ribbon Boys, the Caravats. 2007 J. W. Hurley Shillelagh x. 326 The local ‘Garrison’—O'Mahony's hereditary enemy faction—were, unlike the O'Mahony Clann, loyal to the government. (b) South African. Any of various rival groups of rural black people involved in a mutually hostile relationship characterized by periodic outbreaks of violence.Now often regarded as simplistic or misleading in attributing such violence primarily to historical ‘tribal’ divisions rather than social conditions such as poverty.Earliest and chiefly in attributive use: see Compounds 1b. ΚΠ 1880 Irish Times 21 Feb. 5/5 A serious faction fight..between about 700 Fingoes and Zulus, and 500 Cape Caffirs. 1961 T. V. Bulpin White Whirlwind 97 The Usutu faction showed signs of resuming their active hostility as soon as the crops had been reaped and men were free to fight and travel on the dry earth. 1971 Daily Disp. (East London, S. Afr.) 25 Sept. 1 Four Pondo tribesmen were killed when a 100-strong faction clashed with a group of 25 men in the Nyati area. 2010 Sowetan (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 23 Mar. The eMankwanyaneni and eMankenganeni factions have been at loggerheads for some time, with the situation spiralling out of control recently. 3. a. gen. A group or class of persons. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade mannishOE placec1330 state1340 gree1382 conditionc1384 sectc1384 sortc1386 ordera1400 raff?a1400 degreea1425 countenancec1477 faction?1529 estate1530 race1563 calibre1567 being1579 coat1579 rang1580 rank1585 tier1590 classis1597 strain1600 consequence1602 regiment1602 sept1610 standinga1616 class1629 species1629 nome1633 quality1636 sort1671 size1679 situation1710 distinction1721 walk of life1733 walk1737 stage1801 strata1805 grade1808 caste1816 social stratum1838 station1842 stratum1863 echelon1950 ?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A vij^v Dyuers facciones Of collegianes monkes and chanones Haue spred this regyon ouer all. 1594 W. Fowler True Reportarie Baptisme Prince of Scotl. sig. A4^v The second faction did carie these: A Hart half in fire, & half in frost: on the one part Cupids torch, & on the other, Iupiters thunder. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 187 He chose..5000..young men out of the commons, who beeing sorted into factions [L. factiones] should learne certaine kinde of shouts and applauses. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 120 I will..leaue the faction of fooles. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. i. 36 This fellow were a King, for our wilde faction . View more context for this quotation a1644 W. Chillingworth Nine Serm. ii. 24 in Relig. of Protestants (1664) Yet not one, or two, but the whole Colledge, the whole faction of them [sc. the Pharisees], you shall find in Matth. 23. very near their end. 1842 H. W. Herbert Sporting Scenes & Sundry Sketches II. 112 Hence have arisen all the factions of rhyme-grinders, jingling their bells. 1886 Dovorian Mar. 11/1 I belong to that much-despised, and I think I may say, injured faction of mankind, ‘The Convicts’. 1927 Travel Nov. 31/1 Ninety per cent of Haiti population [sic] is black and much of the remaining faction is mulatto. b. Scottish. A division of a class at Aberdeen Grammar School. Also: the set of benches or desks for one such division. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils school1586 faction1700 lower school1725 middle school1829 side1866 1700 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) II. 331 Item, in tyme of prayer that each decurio goe to the factione under his inspectione. 1864 Macmillan's Mag. Jan. 225/2 Each of the four oblong class-rooms had..two rows of ‘factions’ as they were called—i.e. wooden seats, with narrow sloping writing benches in front of them. 1868 J. Riddell Aberdeen & its Folk 20 To make a thorough examination of all the ‘factions’ in that establishment, in order to ascertain whether the poet..had left the marks of his pocket-knife behind him. 1870 I. Burns Mem. W. C. Burns i. 20 He fought his way steadily..through the class till he reached..the highest ‘faction’. 1872 D. Brown Life Late J. Duncan ii. 14 Maintaining his position in the first faction or bench,—each faction containing only four boys. 1900 Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) In the Abd. Grammar School the 4th and 5th classes were divided into factions of four, the number of boys on a desk. ‘I'm third of the fourth faction’ (15th from dux). 1978 Aberdeen Univ. Rev. 47 252 Stables himself attended the Grammar School (1852-4), but usually occupied the lower factions (forms) in the rector's class, and did not attempt a bursary. 4. Dissension within a political party or other organization, especially when resulting in self-interested or turbulent strife or intrigue; conflict or dispute between opposed or mutually hostile groups; factious spirit or action. in faction with: in league with. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > [noun] unsibeOE unsaughta1122 un-i-sibc1275 conteckc1290 discordingc1325 distancec1325 discordance1340 dissensionc1384 batea1400 discordc1425 variancec1425 variationc1485 disgreement?1504 distinction1520 factiona1538 jar1546 variety1546 disagreeance1548 disagreeing1548 disagreement1548 misliking1564 odds1567 mislikea1586 discordancy1587 disagree1589 distancy1595 dissent1596 dislike1598 secting1598 dichostasy1606 fraction1609 dissentation1623 ill blood1624 misintelligence1632 clashing1642 misunderstanding1642 discomposure1659 disjointinga1715 uneasiness1744 friction1760 misunderstand1819 unharmony1866 inharmony1867 trouble at (the or t') mill1967 society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [noun] > partisanship or factionalism partiality1520 partaking1533 factiona1538 factiousness1572 siding1600 side-taking1626 parting1652 partying1681 party spirit1705 party1726 party feeling1796 partyism1831 partisanship1834 factionism1848 partisanism1850 factionalism1855 partisanry1889 society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate with for common purpose [verb (transitive)] alliance1533 to combine a league1562 enleague1596 to strike ina1637 factiona1652 adoptate1662 to strike up1714 enjoin1734 to go in1851 train1866 to tie up1888 affiliate1949 a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 71 Ther shold be facyon & partys wyth grete ambycyon, & envy. 1573 T. Twyne tr. H. Llwyd Breuiary of Britayne f. 86 Infore time they were prepared for kyngs, but now through fauour, and faction: euery prince hath gotten them. a1652 R. Brome Mad Couple Well Match'd ii. i. sig. D, in Five New Playes (1653) The Rogue's in faction with 'em. 1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) Pref. 13 An Equality among Pastors, cannot hold long without Faction. 1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) Ded. p. xvi But Faction hath no Regard to national Interests. a1797 E. Burke Thoughts on Scarcity (1800) 1 Idle tales spread about by the industry of faction. 1842 R. W. Emerson Conservative in Nature, Ess. & Lect. on Times (1844) 112 The man of principle..even in the fury of faction is respected. 1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury I. vi. 348 The popularity, which faction was obliged..to concede. 1902 Globe (Philadelphia) Mar. 43 Brutus..whose excellence would make appear as gold the basest metal of those in faction with him. 1957 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples III. iv The religious passions of former years now flowed into the channels of political faction. 1991 D. Rieff Los Angeles i. i. 30 Riven now by faction and special interests as to be almost ungovernable..people were talking despairingly about how to stave off inevitable decline. 5. A conflict or intrigue involving opposed or mutually hostile groups; a factious feud or dispute. Often (and now only) in phrases with a synonym or near-synonym.In modern uses probably usually understood as sense 2a. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [noun] > factious strife or quarrel seditiona1380 faction1549 parts1600 brigue1602 part-fray1631 stasis1933 the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > conspiracy conspiracyc1386 conspiration1388 confederationc1530 faction1549 conspiring1561 combination1593 complotment1594 confederacy1594 complotting1607 colluding1611 compacta1616 trinketing1646 caballinga1680 cabal1738 colloguing1880 collogue1887 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. James iii. f. xxxv For that doctrine that is contencious and wrangling, engendreth nothyng elles but faccions and fallyng out. 1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 18 Hurdibras allayed the factions and quarrels that he found among his people. 1622 S. Pepys Diary 22 Jan. (1970) III. 15 There are factions (private ones at Court) about Madam Palmer. 1623 W. Laud in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 241 A faction about the choice of a newe Governour. 1760 Christians Mag. 4 199 They continued stubborn, and the city, by the factions of private persons, was divided into parties. 1760 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XXI. xix. i. 92 They were continually embarked in factions and quarrels against each other. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. xi. 305 Where there is such bandying of private feuds and public factions. 1860 Latter-day Saints' Millennial Star 22 Dec. 805/1 The political feuds or factions, the seditious tendency of the people were never more portentous over Jerusalem..than they now are over the United States of America. 1905 The Word Mar. 259 For the body and its passionate longings, and nothing else besides, cause wars, factions and quarrels. 1987 P. N. Limerick Legacy of Conquest vii. 225 The colony of New Mexico: unproductive, isolated.., bogged down in factions and disputes despite the smallness of the stakes. 2007 J. Lindskold Wolf's Blood v. 61 In order to overcome the factions and feuds that had grown up among the various villages..he must find something for them to hate and fear more than they hated and feared each other. Compounds C1. a. General attributive and objective. ΚΠ 1609 S. Grahame Anat. Humors f. 4 A Malevole, one who expects the change of Court, a suborner, or else a faction-maker. a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 238 Hamilton was not named by a private Faction-Governour. a1754 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 591 Him and some of his faction members. 1833 University Mag. Dec. 627/1 This angry dialogue between the two faction leaders. 1959 Jrnl. Conflict Resol. 3 68 The not unusual practice of concealing faction formation by voting with the majority in plenary session. 1990 Canberra Times 31 Mar. 1/4 Senator McMullan has been lobbying key faction leaders. b. attributive. Designating or relating to conflict or violence arising between factions (esp. in sense 2d), as faction fight, faction fighter, faction fighting, etc. ΚΠ 1830 National Mag. 1 565 If a faction fight had once commenced between them, it might be kept up in fairs and markets for centuries to come. 1831 J. Banim & M. Banim Chaunt of Cholera 43 (note) The facts of these verses occurred..at the time when efforts were made to put an end to the faction-fighting of the Irish peasantry. 1846 Parl. Gazetteer Ireland, 1844–5 III. 229/2 [Shillelagh] having furnished many thousand most approved sticks to brawling and riotous faction-fighters. 1880Faction fight [see sense 2d(b)]. ?1948 A. W. Hoernle in H. Tracey Lalela Zulu: 100 Zulu Lyrics p. viii Faction fighting is not ‘warfare’ as we know it, but it is to the Zulu a kind of national sport. 1983 Sowetan (Johannesburg) 12 Sept. 2 Police are working on a new strategy to curb the rising number of ‘faction’ killings at Soweto's hostels..after the killing of a ‘faction’ gunman who earlier shot two people. 1990 Independent on Sunday 18 Feb. 13/8 The rural Zulus [are] often driven to the squatter camps in the townships by overcrowding or faction fights in the countryside. 2001 New Internationalist Nov. 17/2 The Soviet Union withdrew in 1989 and, in the faction-fighting that followed, much of the country [sc. Afghanistan] that hadn't already been destroyed was flattened. C2. With adjectives, in senses 2a, 4. † faction-mad adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1663 Rod for Fools Back (single sheet) This it is which makes you Faction mad, He has appeal'd to what you never had. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 673 An overbearing race That, like the multitude made faction-mad, Disturb good order. 1881 Morning Post 8 Apr. 6/6 A promise which Russia has given most unwillingly..and which only faction-mad English politicians..can attach any value to. faction-ridden adj. ΚΠ 1712 Examiner No. 39. We have been Faction-ridden for so many Years together. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Oct. 1/2 The distracted and faction ridden Republic of France. 1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 16 Nov. 26/3 While remaining the most faction-ridden body imaginable, it carried out some of the most spectacular acts of terrorism in twentieth-century European history. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). factionn.² Brit. /ˈfakʃn/, U.S. /ˈfækʃən/ Origin: Formed within English, by blending. Etymons: fact n., fiction n. Etymology: Blend of fact n. and fiction n. A literary and cinematic genre in which fictional narrative is developed from a basis of real events or characters; documentary fiction or drama; (also) a work in this genre. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > based on real events faction1967 1967 in H. Atkinson Games (publisher's note) This is the great work of faction of 1967—fiction based on fact, the novel form of our time. 1967 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 30 Dec. 7/1 An Australian has tried his hand at writing a ‘faction’ (half fact, half fiction) novel. 1977 Time 14 Feb. 76/2 Haley called his saga ‘faction’, and therefore it cannot be evaluated merely as history or merely as an entertainment. 1980 Times 24 Apr. 8/1 He is an exponent of the dramatized documentary, sometimes known as ‘faction’, a method of film-making which has been severely criticized for blurring the dividing line between truth and fiction. 1981 Daily Tel. 19 June 18 John Gouriet..delivered his..warning to the West. It took the form of his first novel, a ‘faction’..called ‘Checkmate the President’. 2007 W. P. MacNeil Lex Populi vi. 97 All the insider accounts of legal education—be they factions or fictions—are so full of bile, fear, and loathing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). factionv. Brit. /ˈfakʃn/, U.S. /ˈfækʃən/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: faction n.¹ Etymology: < faction n.¹ Compare slightly earlier factioned adj. 1. intransitive. To act factiously or rebelliously; to conspire, intrigue; to mutiny; (also) to join or form a faction. Also †transitive with it. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot [verb (intransitive)] subtlec1300 conspire1393 compass1430 malign?a1439 contrivec1440 machine?c1450 forthink1494 pretenda1500 practise1537 pack1568 brigue1580 machinate1602 manage1603 plot1607 tamper1607 faction1609 collogue1646 intriguea1714 to lay a scheme1826 scheme1842 angle1892 wheel and deal1961 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > sedition > act seditiously [verb (intransitive)] faction1609 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 45 Preaching to them, not factioning against them. 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 81 They need not faction it for their places, being already plac't. 1682 T. Southerne Loyal Brother iii This rebel nature factions in my breast. 1848 G. Struthers Hist. Relief Ch. vi. 291 Cowan of Colingsburgh having factioned with Bennet the Antiburgher minister of Cupar, the war between the Secession and Relief speedily began. 2007 A. Smith Girl meets Boy 123 Small body of irate ethnics in one of our Indian sub-interests factioning against our planned filter-dam. 2. transitive. To split into factions. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > side with [verb (transitive)] > divide into parties or make partisan partialize1597 faction1656 split1712 partify1716 factionalize1888 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 35 They..divided and factioned the people to the Hazard and Ruine of al. 1953 J. Berryman Homage to Mistress Bradstreet in Partisan Rev. Sept. 495 Factioning passion blinds All to all her good. 1997 Chicago Tribune 17 Aug. xiv. 8/1 That's enough..to keep this country from flying apart, factioning itself into another Yugoslavia. Derivatives ˈfactioning n. ΚΠ c1625 J. Smith Hist. Bermudaes (1882) 171 Many of the common people wer therwith troubled and disquieted, some beginninge to question the validitie of them, others to growe into factioninge and disputes. 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 61 Which else by such factionings and rebellions might have been endangered. 1854 Christian Jrnl. Apr. 165/1 This appears to me to be a door for factioning. 1920 Christian Advocate 29 Apr. 581/1 Men of sense are weary of small quibbling about incidentals and of riotous factioning over dead issues. 1998 M. W. Helms Access to Origins xii. 175 The social alliances, factionings, regroupings, and consolidations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : -factioncomb. form < n.¹1440n.²1967v.1609 see also
随便看	to miss fire to miss of to miss of one's aim to miss of one's mark to miss of one'the mark to miss on to miss on all cylinders to miss on etc cylinders to miss on four cylinders to miss one's aim to miss one's etc to miss one's foot to miss one's guess to miss one's mark to miss one's measure to miss one's tip to miss one's way to miss one'the aim to miss one'the etc to miss one'the mark to miss out to miss plant to miss stays to miss the boat to miss the bus

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> see also

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