expoundv.

Brit.

/ᵻkˈspaʊnd/,

/ɛkˈspaʊnd/, U.S.

/ɪkˈspaʊnd/,

/ɛkˈspaʊnd/

Forms: Forms α. Middle English expoun-en, expown-en, Middle English–1500s expoun(e, -pown(e (Middle English exponne); β. Middle English–1500s expounde, expownd(e (Middle English exspound), Middle English– expound. past tense and past participle Middle English–1500s expouned, expowne(d, expownd(e, expound(e.

Etymology: Middle English expoune-n , expounde , < Old French espondre, espundre, ex- (3rd plural esponent , derivatives espon- , espond- ) = Provençal, Spanish esponer , Portuguese espõr , Italian esporre < Latin expōnĕre , to put out, set forth, explain: see expone v. The d of the French infinitive -pondre was mechanically developed in the transition from the n to the r of -ponre the regular contraction of Latin -pōnĕre; a past participle -pondu and various derivatives were formed on the infinitive stem. In Middle English the prevailing form was expoune , adopted according to the usual practice from the finite parts of the French verb; but the form expound(e , from the infinitive, appeared equally early in northern writers (Hampole and the Cursor Mundi). In the course of the 16th cent. expoune became obsolete, the general adoption of expound being favoured by the phonetic tendency exhibited in sound for the earlier soun , and also by the frequent occurrence of expound as past participle In accordance with the analogy of expound = Latin exponere , the earlier compoune , compone were in 16th cent. replaced by compound , and propone by propound ; in the former case the substitution may have been partly due to other causes; see compound v.

a. transitive. To set forth, declare, state in detail (doctrines, ideas, principles; formerly, with wider application).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)]

speakc900

sayOE

tell?a1160

to put forth?c1225

posea1325

allegec1330

declarec1330

exponec1380

to bring fortha1382

expounda1382

terminec1384

allaya1387

express1386

proport1387

purport1389

cough1393

generalize?a1425

deliverc1454

expremec1470

to show forth1498

promisea1500

term1546

to set forward1560

attribute1563

to throw out1573

quote1575

dictate1599

rendera1616

preport1616

enunciate1623

remonstrate1625

state1642

pronunciate1652

annunciate1763

present1779

enounce1805

report1842

constate1865

lodge1885

outen1951

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xliv. 7 The ordre expoune to me.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1058 Clopyngnel expounez..a speche, to hym þat spede wolde Of a lady to be loued.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 37 To þat spot þat I in speche expoun I entred in þat erber grene.

?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Cvij He hath expownyd connyngly Dyuers poyntes of Cosmogryfy.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxviii. 23 There cam many vnto hym..to whom he expouned and testifyed the kyngdom off God.

1742 W. Shenstone School-mistress x She..quaintly cou'd expound The Chicken-feeding Pow'r of ev'ry Crumb she found.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 344 Ideas, or the Motions by which they are expounded.

1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xvi. 171 Formulæ expounding its quantity and law.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 455 The doctrines expounded by St. Augustine.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 156 I have..an excellent interpretation..which I will expound to you.

absolute.c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxiiij^v/1 We will and ordeigne that all curattis..iiij tymes in the yere in the masse tyme publish and expowne.1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 23 The Carrier's not Commission'd to expound.

b. To set forth, represent (a mathematical function or quantity) by figures, symbols, etc.

ΚΠ

1706 E. Halley in Miscellanea Curiosa (Royal Soc.) II. 102 The roots may be expounded by Perpendiculars let fall, upon the Axis or given Diameter of the given Parabola, from the Intersections of that Curve with a Circle.

1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xxvi. 268 These perturbations, when numerically expounded, are so insignificant, etc.

2. To explain, interpret.

a. gen. To explain (what is difficult or obscure); to state the signification of; to comment on (a passage or an author).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)]

arecchec885

unloukOE

overrunOE

sutelec1000

trahtnec1000

unfolda1050

belayc1175

openc1175

onopena1200

accountc1300

undo?a1366

remenea1382

interpret1382

unwrap1387

exploitc1390

enlumine1393

declarec1400

expoundc1400

unplait?c1400

enperc1420

planea1425

clearc1440

exponec1440

to lay outc1440

to give (also carry) lightc1449

unwind1482

expose1483

reducea1500

manifest1530

explicate1531

explaina1535

unlock?1536

dilucidate1538

elucidate1538

illustrate1538

rechec1540

explicate1543

illucidate1545

enucleate1548

unsnarl1555

commonstrate1563

to lay forth1577

straighten1577

unbroid1577

untwist1577

decipherc1586

illuminate1586

enlighten1587

resolvec1592

cipher1594

eliquidate1596

to take (a person) with one1599

rivelc1600

ravel1604

unbowel1606

unmist1611

extricate1614

unbolta1616

untanglea1616

enode1623

unperplexa1631

perspicuate1634

explata1637

unravel1637

esclarea1639

clarify1642

unweave1642

detenebrate1646

dismystery1652

undecipher1654

unfork1654

unparadox1654

reflect1655

enodate1656

unmysterya1661

liquidatea1670

recognize1676

to clear upa1691

to throw sidelight on1726

to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731

eclaircise1754

irradiate1864

unbraid1880

predigest1905

to get (something) straight1920

disambiguate1960

demystify1963

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1727 Now expowne þe þis speche spedly I þenk.

1436 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 182 Expoune me this, and ye shall sothe it fynde.

1483 Cath. Angl. 119 To Expo(w)nde, commentari.

1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 23 §12 The same Ambiguyte..[shall] be declared, expownned..by the Chaunceller.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 113 This definition hath nothing in it to be expounded.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. viii. 185 One who was expounding some religious mystery to them.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 100 Our author proceeds to expound his own analysis.

b. esp. To interpret, comment upon (Scripture, religious formularies, etc.). Now chiefly with reference to homiletic exposition. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)]

unloukOE

areadOE

spele?c1225

inredec1315

expounda1340

construe1399

interpretate1517

explain1538

scan1562

disentraverse1610

unspherea1616

explicate1628

spell1635

disenvelop1741

extract1775

interpret1795

clarify1823

to read between the lines1866

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > text > criticism, interpretation > criticize, interpret [verb (transitive)] > homiletic

expounda1340

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > commentary > write commentary on [verb (transitive)]

expounda1340

descant?1510

comment1599

commentary1648

commentate1794

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4272 His ministres sal swa lette yhit Þat na man sal expound haly writ.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 383 And þus he..expounded þe prophesyes.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 47 Forto expowne or interprete or glose dewli and treuly Holi Scripture.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bi^v Saynt Gregory expoundyng the same place of scripture sayth.

1545 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke in Paraphr. New Test. (1548) viii. f. 90^v Many other parables..all which..he expounded severally unto his disciples.

1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon i. 5 The primitive Fathers expounded it [sc. the Creed] where it did stand in need of clearer explication.

1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 18 The Spirit of God expounds the Word of God to us.

1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands viii. 220 Our..Lord, having read..the words regarding Himself..expounded them to the people.

absolute.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter Prol. In expounynge i fologh haly doctours.1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. 272 He was suspended..for expounding upon the Catechism.a1785 J. W. Fletcher Posthumous Pieces (1791) 263 I have ventured..to expound once in the church.1854 T. B. Macaulay Bunyan in Misc. Writ. (1860) II. 230 Those martial saints who fought and expounded in Fairfax's army.

†c. To interpret the motives or reasons of a person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)] > character

reada1425

translate1584

expound1605

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. iii. sig. D3 Cicero doth excuse and expound the Philosophers for going too far.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 25 He, that says what he thinks, lays him~self open to be expounded by the most ignorant.

†d. To give the meaning of (a word or name); also, to give a version of in another language; to translate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)]

setc888

wendeOE

turnc1175

writec1275

drawa1325

translatea1375

expound1377

takea1382

interpret1382

transpose1390

remue?a1400

renderc1400

put?a1425

to draw outa1450

reducec1450

compile1483

redige?1517

make1529

traducea1533

traduct1534

converta1538

do1561

to set out1597

transcribe1639

throw1652

metaphrase1868

versionize1874

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiv. 277 In englisch..it is wel harde wel to expounen.

c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 86 First wol I yow the name of seint Cecilie Expoune..It is to say on Englisch, hevenes lilie.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 7 We moun knowe surgerie bi expownynge of his name: for siurge comeþ of siros.. & in englisch siros is an hand.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6691 Þe kyng his preching walde expound, And telle it in englyssh tonge.

1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. C.vii For them that be vnlearned I wil expound it.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxii. 79 As soon as the Interpreter had read the Letter, and expounded the contents thereof.

e. To interpret, explain the significance of (a dream, vision, symbol, etc.); to interpret, solve (a riddle); rarely, to explain, account for (a phenomenon). archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > make scientific [verb (transitive)] > explain scientifically

expound1375

solve1621

salve1625

to solve a phenomenon1625

to save the appearances1667

physiologize1678

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > interpretation of dreams > interpret [verb (transitive)]

unloukOE

areadOE

undo?a1366

expound1375

cast1382

rechec1540

redec1640

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > a profound secret, mystery > puzzle, enigma, riddle > solution of puzzle, riddle, etc. > expound, solve [verb (transitive)]

areadOE

readOE

expound1535

unriddlea1586

riddle me a riddle1588

to riddle forth1624

riddle1627

to riddle out1647

rede1725

discruciatea1745

redd1876

1375 Cantic. de Creatione 773 in Anglia I Þe angel anon gan it expoun and tolde him what it [a tree] was.

c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 166 Daniel..the dremes of the kyng expowned.

c1400 Rom. Rose 7176 I wole bigynne, To expowne you the pith withynne.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 728 His mayster on þis wyse had Expounde his visyoun.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xiv. 14 They coulde not expounde the ryddle.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. v. 7 My Master..has left mee here behinde to expound the meaning or morrall of his signes and tokens.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 215 The Stagyrite, unable to expound The Euripus, leapt into 't, and was drown'd.

1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone i. 15 Studious to expound The spectacle.

f. To infer from indications. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > infer, conclude [verb (transitive)] > based on hypothesis or data

educe1794

expound1821

generalizea1828

to put two and two together1849

extrapolate1905

retrodict1940

postdict1952

1821 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater in London Mag. Oct. 376/2 The clouds, by which chiefly the eye expounds the distance of the blue pavilion stretched over our heads.

g. reflexive. †To explain one's meaning (obsolete). Also, to be one's own expositor.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > make oneself clear [verb (reflexive)]

explain1558

explicate1563

expound1601

1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xlix. sig. Nn2^v An abilitie to beholde things ambiguous with the true sight, gives..circumstances, leaue to expound themselues.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vii. 163 The Pope was forced to expound himself.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 109 The people call you prophet: let it be: But not of those that can expound themselves.

a. To give a particular interpretation to; to construe in a specified manner. With adv. or phr. Now chiefly in Law.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > particular interpretation, construction > interpret in particular way [verb (transitive)]

understandc1000

interpretc1380

construea1400

construec1465

to make (a) construction1528

expound1533

confera1555

reada1556

decipher1569

resemble1592

intellect1599

1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 21 §19 Prouided alwaies, that this act nor anythinge..therein conteined, shalbe..interpreted or expounded, that, etc.

1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1314 Some expowne also those woordes..to sygnifye that [etc.].

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iv. sig. Ff3^v That deadly wownd..The which his mother vainely did expownd, To be hart-wownding loue.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. x. 23 This hard Text is variously expounded.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 381 That a devise be most favourably expounded.

1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 161 The courts..expound the will in such a manner as to carry the testator's intention into effect.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 445 Sparta..was constituted the interpreter of the treaty; she expounded it by the rule, not of reason, but of might.

†b. to expound (a statement, etc.) to expound concerning or to expound of: to explain as referring to. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 241 Men expownen comounly þis prophecie of oure Jesus.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3767 This may be wele expovned of the blissed virgyne marie.

1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 14 They..that go about to expound this place concerning Christ, according to the letter; do wrest it too violently.

1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 85 Which place Paul expoundeth of the Holy Ghost.

1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 236 Those of whom they are ordinarily expounded.

†c. To render by a specified term. With complement, or const. for. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as

sayOE

calla1250

deemc1400

nevenc1425

qualify?1465

designa1500

expound1530

style1570

intenda1599

dub1607

instyle1607

phrase1607

enstyle1616

speaka1625

cognominate1632

determine1653

clapa1657

designate1669

intimate1799

nominate1799

bedub1884

tab1924

1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 13 No person..being a comon Baker, Brewer..shall be interpreted or expounded handicrafts men.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. Aij^v Chaos..of some is expounde a confuse mixture.

1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. ii. ix. f. cxli Men..that expoune those wordes of Cryst..to be spoken and ment of the very eatynge of his blessed body.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 33 ‘Orfrayes’ yo^u expounde ‘Goldsmythes Worke’.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 88 Rabbi Salomon, and Abraham Esra, expound Egel, for a Calfe of one yeare old.

†d. To interpret as a prognostic of something. Const. to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)]

titleOE

aretc1340

witena1375

witnea1375

reta1382

depute1382

wite1382

seta1387

layc1425

expoundc1430

imputec1480

attribue1481

assign1489

reckon1526

attribute1530

count1535

allot?1556

draw1578

object1613

prefer1628

entitle1629

implya1641

to score (something) on1645

intitule1651

put1722

to put down1723

charge1737

own1740

place1802

to set down1822

affiliate1823

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. iv. 7 a Worthy Ninus..expouned his laughter to great felicitye.

†4. In etymological sense of Latin expōnere (cf. expose v.). To expose to view. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)]

to set beforea1000

openOE

showlOE

to put forth?c1225

kithe1297

to make (a) showing ofc1330

presenta1398

representa1398

to lay forthc1420

splayc1440

discovera1450

advisea1500

to set to (the) show?1510

to stall out1547

outlay1555

exhibit1573

strew1579

wray1587

displaya1616

ostentate1630

elevate1637

re-exhibita1648

expound1651

unveil1657

subject1720

flare1862

skin1873

patent1889

showcase1939

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. F4^v He celebrated the masse, and every wednesday expounded upon his altar the holy sacrament.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 209 First, He expounded both his Pockets, And found a Watch, with Rings and Lockets.

Derivatives

exˈpounded adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [adjective] > explained

explicated1615

expounded1642

explicate1647

interpreted1659

clarified1663

disambiguated1970

1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. b iij a Expounded texts and verses.

exˈpounding n. the action of expound v.; concrete an exposition or interpretation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun]

keyeOE

undoinga1330

expositiona1340

declarationc1374

declaringc1374

clearingc1380

expoundingc1380

explanationa1382

interpretation1382

exploitingc1390

unfolding1483

explicating1531

explication1537

clearance?1548

elucidation1570

explaining1576

manifestation1576

untwining1577

illustration1581

untwisting1591

eviscerating1599

unclouding1601

enodation1603

opening1611

dilucidation1615

unsnarling1640

declarement1646

enucleation1650

illumination1656

dilucidatinga1660

luciferousness1665

clarifying1677

unravelling1713

disentanglement1751

exegesis1770

disambiguation1827

evisceration1831

keyword1848

clarificationa1866

exponence1880

exponency1880

straightening1900

demystification1964

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 272 False expounyng of holy writt.

c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xli I fele wel of thy Name þe true expownynge that thou art Jhesu hele.

1483 Cath. Angl. 119 An Expow(n)dynge; commentum.

1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 21 A yoke..which..nothing but unwary expounding hath brought upon us.

1745 J. Wesley Answer to Rev. Church 3 One of our English Brethren..said in his Publick Expounding, ‘As many go to Hell by praying as by thieving.’

1881 J. P. Mahaffy Old Greek Educ. xi. 137 The repeating and expounding of the founder's view.

exˈpounding adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [adjective]

explanativea1500

expositive1535

resolutory1567

interpretative1569

expounding1571

illustrating1589

explanatory1600

explicative1602

explicatory1606

expository1628

clarifying1630

illustrative1643

luciferous1648

omnilucent1651

explaining?1683

illustratorya1734

elucidatory1774

elucidative1822

irradiativea1834

expositional1845

resolvent1856

enucleating1862

expositionary1882

luminant1891

interpreting1892

clarificatory1945

FYI1973

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (viii. 2) A fullfilling or expownding part of speache.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	expound
释义	expoundv. Brit. /ᵻkˈspaʊnd/, /ɛkˈspaʊnd/, U.S. /ɪkˈspaʊnd/, /ɛkˈspaʊnd/ Forms: Forms α. Middle English expoun-en, expown-en, Middle English–1500s expoun(e, -pown(e (Middle English exponne); β. Middle English–1500s expounde, expownd(e (Middle English exspound), Middle English– expound. past tense and past participle Middle English–1500s expouned, expowne(d, expownd(e, expound(e. Etymology: Middle English expoune-n , expounde , < Old French espondre, espundre, ex- (3rd plural esponent , derivatives espon- , espond- ) = Provençal, Spanish esponer , Portuguese espõr , Italian esporre < Latin expōnĕre , to put out, set forth, explain: see expone v. The d of the French infinitive -pondre was mechanically developed in the transition from the n to the r of -ponre the regular contraction of Latin -pōnĕre; a past participle -pondu and various derivatives were formed on the infinitive stem. In Middle English the prevailing form was expoune , adopted according to the usual practice from the finite parts of the French verb; but the form expound(e , from the infinitive, appeared equally early in northern writers (Hampole and the Cursor Mundi). In the course of the 16th cent. expoune became obsolete, the general adoption of expound being favoured by the phonetic tendency exhibited in sound for the earlier soun , and also by the frequent occurrence of expound as past participle In accordance with the analogy of expound = Latin exponere , the earlier compoune , compone were in 16th cent. replaced by compound , and propone by propound ; in the former case the substitution may have been partly due to other causes; see compound v. 1. a. transitive. To set forth, declare, state in detail (doctrines, ideas, principles; formerly, with wider application). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] speakc900 sayOE sayOE tell?a1160 to put forth?c1225 posea1325 allegec1330 declarec1330 exponec1380 to bring fortha1382 expounda1382 terminec1384 allaya1387 express1386 proport1387 purport1389 cough1393 generalize?a1425 deliverc1454 expremec1470 to show forth1498 promisea1500 term1546 to set forward1560 attribute1563 to throw out1573 quote1575 dictate1599 rendera1616 preport1616 enunciate1623 remonstrate1625 state1642 pronunciate1652 annunciate1763 present1779 enounce1805 report1842 constate1865 lodge1885 outen1951 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xliv. 7 The ordre expoune to me. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1058 Clopyngnel expounez..a speche, to hym þat spede wolde Of a lady to be loued. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 37 To þat spot þat I in speche expoun I entred in þat erber grene. ?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Cvij He hath expownyd connyngly Dyuers poyntes of Cosmogryfy. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxviii. 23 There cam many vnto hym..to whom he expouned and testifyed the kyngdom off God. 1742 W. Shenstone School-mistress x She..quaintly cou'd expound The Chicken-feeding Pow'r of ev'ry Crumb she found. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 344 Ideas, or the Motions by which they are expounded. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xvi. 171 Formulæ expounding its quantity and law. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 455 The doctrines expounded by St. Augustine. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 156 I have..an excellent interpretation..which I will expound to you. absolute.c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxiiij^v/1 We will and ordeigne that all curattis..iiij tymes in the yere in the masse tyme publish and expowne.1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 23 The Carrier's not Commission'd to expound. b. To set forth, represent (a mathematical function or quantity) by figures, symbols, etc. ΚΠ 1706 E. Halley in Miscellanea Curiosa (Royal Soc.) II. 102 The roots may be expounded by Perpendiculars let fall, upon the Axis or given Diameter of the given Parabola, from the Intersections of that Curve with a Circle. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xxvi. 268 These perturbations, when numerically expounded, are so insignificant, etc. 2. To explain, interpret. a. gen. To explain (what is difficult or obscure); to state the signification of; to comment on (a passage or an author). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)] arecchec885 unloukOE overrunOE sutelec1000 trahtnec1000 unfolda1050 belayc1175 openc1175 onopena1200 accountc1300 undo?a1366 remenea1382 interpret1382 unwrap1387 exploitc1390 enlumine1393 declarec1400 expoundc1400 unplait?c1400 enperc1420 planea1425 clearc1440 exponec1440 to lay outc1440 to give (also carry) lightc1449 unwind1482 expose1483 reducea1500 manifest1530 explicate1531 explaina1535 unlock?1536 dilucidate1538 elucidate1538 illustrate1538 rechec1540 explicate1543 illucidate1545 enucleate1548 unsnarl1555 commonstrate1563 to lay forth1577 straighten1577 unbroid1577 untwist1577 decipherc1586 illuminate1586 enlighten1587 resolvec1592 cipher1594 eliquidate1596 to take (a person) with one1599 rivelc1600 ravel1604 unbowel1606 unmist1611 extricate1614 unbolta1616 untanglea1616 enode1623 unperplexa1631 perspicuate1634 explata1637 unravel1637 esclarea1639 clarify1642 unweave1642 detenebrate1646 dismystery1652 undecipher1654 unfork1654 unparadox1654 reflect1655 enodate1656 unmysterya1661 liquidatea1670 recognize1676 to clear upa1691 to throw sidelight on1726 to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731 eclaircise1754 irradiate1864 unbraid1880 predigest1905 to get (something) straight1920 disambiguate1960 demystify1963 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1727 Now expowne þe þis speche spedly I þenk. 1436 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 182 Expoune me this, and ye shall sothe it fynde. 1483 Cath. Angl. 119 To Expo(w)nde, commentari. 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 23 §12 The same Ambiguyte..[shall] be declared, expownned..by the Chaunceller. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 113 This definition hath nothing in it to be expounded. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. viii. 185 One who was expounding some religious mystery to them. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 100 Our author proceeds to expound his own analysis. b. esp. To interpret, comment upon (Scripture, religious formularies, etc.). Now chiefly with reference to homiletic exposition. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)] unloukOE areadOE spele?c1225 inredec1315 expounda1340 construe1399 interpretate1517 explain1538 scan1562 disentraverse1610 unspherea1616 explicate1628 spell1635 disenvelop1741 extract1775 interpret1795 clarify1823 read1847 to read between the lines1866 society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > text > criticism, interpretation > criticize, interpret [verb (transitive)] > homiletic expounda1340 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > commentary > write commentary on [verb (transitive)] expounda1340 descant?1510 comment1599 commentary1648 commentate1794 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4272 His ministres sal swa lette yhit Þat na man sal expound haly writ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 383 And þus he..expounded þe prophesyes. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 47 Forto expowne or interprete or glose dewli and treuly Holi Scripture. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bi^v Saynt Gregory expoundyng the same place of scripture sayth. 1545 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke in Paraphr. New Test. (1548) viii. f. 90^v Many other parables..all which..he expounded severally unto his disciples. 1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon i. 5 The primitive Fathers expounded it [sc. the Creed] where it did stand in need of clearer explication. 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 18 The Spirit of God expounds the Word of God to us. 1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands viii. 220 Our..Lord, having read..the words regarding Himself..expounded them to the people. absolute.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter Prol. In expounynge i fologh haly doctours.1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. 272 He was suspended..for expounding upon the Catechism.a1785 J. W. Fletcher Posthumous Pieces (1791) 263 I have ventured..to expound once in the church.1854 T. B. Macaulay Bunyan in Misc. Writ. (1860) II. 230 Those martial saints who fought and expounded in Fairfax's army. †c. To interpret the motives or reasons of a person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)] > character reada1425 translate1584 expound1605 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. iii. sig. D3 Cicero doth excuse and expound the Philosophers for going too far. View more context for this quotation a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 25 He, that says what he thinks, lays him~self open to be expounded by the most ignorant. †d. To give the meaning of (a word or name); also, to give a version of in another language; to translate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)] setc888 wendeOE turnc1175 writec1275 drawa1325 translatea1375 expound1377 takea1382 interpret1382 transpose1390 remue?a1400 renderc1400 put?a1425 to draw outa1450 reducec1450 compile1483 redige?1517 make1529 traducea1533 traduct1534 converta1538 do1561 to set out1597 transcribe1639 throw1652 metaphrase1868 versionize1874 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiv. 277 In englisch..it is wel harde wel to expounen. c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 86 First wol I yow the name of seint Cecilie Expoune..It is to say on Englisch, hevenes lilie. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 7 We moun knowe surgerie bi expownynge of his name: for siurge comeþ of siros.. & in englisch siros is an hand. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6691 Þe kyng his preching walde expound, And telle it in englyssh tonge. 1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. C.vii For them that be vnlearned I wil expound it. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxii. 79 As soon as the Interpreter had read the Letter, and expounded the contents thereof. e. To interpret, explain the significance of (a dream, vision, symbol, etc.); to interpret, solve (a riddle); rarely, to explain, account for (a phenomenon). archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > make scientific [verb (transitive)] > explain scientifically expound1375 solve1621 salve1625 to solve a phenomenon1625 to save the appearances1667 physiologize1678 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > interpretation of dreams > interpret [verb (transitive)] unloukOE areadOE undo?a1366 expound1375 cast1382 rechec1540 read1587 redec1640 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > a profound secret, mystery > puzzle, enigma, riddle > solution of puzzle, riddle, etc. > expound, solve [verb (transitive)] areadOE readOE expound1535 unriddlea1586 riddle me a riddle1588 to riddle forth1624 riddle1627 to riddle out1647 rede1725 discruciatea1745 redd1876 1375 Cantic. de Creatione 773 in Anglia I Þe angel anon gan it expoun and tolde him what it [a tree] was. c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 166 Daniel..the dremes of the kyng expowned. c1400 Rom. Rose 7176 I wole bigynne, To expowne you the pith withynne. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 728 His mayster on þis wyse had Expounde his visyoun. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xiv. 14 They coulde not expounde the ryddle. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. v. 7 My Master..has left mee here behinde to expound the meaning or morrall of his signes and tokens. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 215 The Stagyrite, unable to expound The Euripus, leapt into 't, and was drown'd. 1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone i. 15 Studious to expound The spectacle. f. To infer from indications. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > infer, conclude [verb (transitive)] > based on hypothesis or data educe1794 expound1821 generalizea1828 to put two and two together1849 extrapolate1905 retrodict1940 postdict1952 1821 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater in London Mag. Oct. 376/2 The clouds, by which chiefly the eye expounds the distance of the blue pavilion stretched over our heads. g. reflexive. †To explain one's meaning (obsolete). Also, to be one's own expositor. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > make oneself clear [verb (reflexive)] explain1558 explicate1563 expound1601 1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xlix. sig. Nn2^v An abilitie to beholde things ambiguous with the true sight, gives..circumstances, leaue to expound themselues. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vii. 163 The Pope was forced to expound himself. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 109 The people call you prophet: let it be: But not of those that can expound themselves. 3. a. To give a particular interpretation to; to construe in a specified manner. With adv. or phr. Now chiefly in Law. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > particular interpretation, construction > interpret in particular way [verb (transitive)] understandc1000 interpretc1380 construea1400 construec1465 to make (a) construction1528 expound1533 confera1555 reada1556 decipher1569 resemble1592 intellect1599 1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 21 §19 Prouided alwaies, that this act nor anythinge..therein conteined, shalbe..interpreted or expounded, that, etc. 1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1314 Some expowne also those woordes..to sygnifye that [etc.]. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iv. sig. Ff3^v That deadly wownd..The which his mother vainely did expownd, To be hart-wownding loue. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. x. 23 This hard Text is variously expounded. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 381 That a devise be most favourably expounded. 1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 161 The courts..expound the will in such a manner as to carry the testator's intention into effect. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 445 Sparta..was constituted the interpreter of the treaty; she expounded it by the rule, not of reason, but of might. †b. to expound (a statement, etc.) to expound concerning or to expound of: to explain as referring to. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 241 Men expownen comounly þis prophecie of oure Jesus. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3767 This may be wele expovned of the blissed virgyne marie. 1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 14 They..that go about to expound this place concerning Christ, according to the letter; do wrest it too violently. 1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 85 Which place Paul expoundeth of the Holy Ghost. 1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 236 Those of whom they are ordinarily expounded. †c. To render by a specified term. With complement, or const. for. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as sayOE calla1250 deemc1400 nevenc1425 qualify?1465 designa1500 expound1530 style1570 read1590 intenda1599 dub1607 instyle1607 phrase1607 enstyle1616 speaka1625 cognominate1632 determine1653 clapa1657 designate1669 intimate1799 nominate1799 bedub1884 tab1924 1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 13 No person..being a comon Baker, Brewer..shall be interpreted or expounded handicrafts men. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. Aij^v Chaos..of some is expounde a confuse mixture. 1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. ii. ix. f. cxli Men..that expoune those wordes of Cryst..to be spoken and ment of the very eatynge of his blessed body. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 33 ‘Orfrayes’ yo^u expounde ‘Goldsmythes Worke’. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 88 Rabbi Salomon, and Abraham Esra, expound Egel, for a Calfe of one yeare old. †d. To interpret as a prognostic of something. Const. to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)] titleOE aretc1340 witena1375 witnea1375 reta1382 depute1382 wite1382 seta1387 layc1425 expoundc1430 imputec1480 attribue1481 assign1489 reckon1526 attribute1530 count1535 allot?1556 draw1578 object1613 prefer1628 entitle1629 implya1641 to score (something) on1645 intitule1651 put1722 to put down1723 charge1737 own1740 place1802 to set down1822 affiliate1823 c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. iv. 7 a Worthy Ninus..expouned his laughter to great felicitye. †4. In etymological sense of Latin expōnere (cf. expose v.). To expose to view. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)] to set beforea1000 openOE showlOE to put forth?c1225 kithe1297 to make (a) showing ofc1330 presenta1398 representa1398 to lay forthc1420 splayc1440 discovera1450 advisea1500 to set to (the) show?1510 to stall out1547 outlay1555 exhibit1573 strew1579 wray1587 displaya1616 ostentate1630 elevate1637 re-exhibita1648 expound1651 unveil1657 subject1720 flare1862 skin1873 patent1889 showcase1939 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. F4^v He celebrated the masse, and every wednesday expounded upon his altar the holy sacrament. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 209 First, He expounded both his Pockets, And found a Watch, with Rings and Lockets. Derivatives exˈpounded adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [adjective] > explained explicated1615 expounded1642 explicate1647 interpreted1659 clarified1663 disambiguated1970 1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. b iij a Expounded texts and verses. exˈpounding n. the action of expound v.; concrete an exposition or interpretation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun] keyeOE undoinga1330 expositiona1340 declarationc1374 declaringc1374 clearingc1380 expoundingc1380 explanationa1382 interpretation1382 exploitingc1390 unfolding1483 explicating1531 explication1537 clearance?1548 elucidation1570 explaining1576 manifestation1576 untwining1577 illustration1581 untwisting1591 eviscerating1599 unclouding1601 enodation1603 opening1611 dilucidation1615 unsnarling1640 declarement1646 enucleation1650 illumination1656 dilucidatinga1660 luciferousness1665 clarifying1677 unravelling1713 disentanglement1751 exegesis1770 disambiguation1827 evisceration1831 keyword1848 clarificationa1866 exponence1880 exponency1880 straightening1900 demystification1964 c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 272 False expounyng of holy writt. c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xli I fele wel of thy Name þe true expownynge that thou art Jhesu hele. 1483 Cath. Angl. 119 An Expow(n)dynge; commentum. 1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 21 A yoke..which..nothing but unwary expounding hath brought upon us. 1745 J. Wesley Answer to Rev. Church 3 One of our English Brethren..said in his Publick Expounding, ‘As many go to Hell by praying as by thieving.’ 1881 J. P. Mahaffy Old Greek Educ. xi. 137 The repeating and expounding of the founder's view. exˈpounding adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [adjective] explanativea1500 expositive1535 resolutory1567 interpretative1569 expounding1571 illustrating1589 explanatory1600 explicative1602 explicatory1606 expository1628 clarifying1630 illustrative1643 luciferous1648 omnilucent1651 explaining?1683 illustratorya1734 elucidatory1774 elucidative1822 irradiativea1834 expositional1845 resolvent1856 enucleating1862 expositionary1882 luminant1891 interpreting1892 clarificatory1945 FYI1973 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (viii. 2) A fullfilling or expownding part of speache. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1340
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