antecedentlyadv.

Brit.

/ˌantᵻˈsiːd(ə)ntli/,

/ˈantᵻsiːd(ə)ntli/, U.S.

/ˌæn(t)əˈsid(ə)n(t)li/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: antecedent adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < antecedent adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin antecedenter (from late 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources).

1. Previously in time, before; first or earlier in a causal, connectional, or implicational relation.

a. Without construction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb]

erea900

beforeeOE

forec1000

toforec1175

therebeforec1200

toforehand1258

forne toc1275

orc1275

andersitha1300

alreadyc1300

rather?1316

beforehandc1330

erstc1330

aforec1350

theretoforea1375

aforehanda1387

forthwitha1400

forwitha1400

or?a1400

ereward14..

toforetimec1400

aforetimes1429

aforetime1433

afore seasons1463

heretoforetime1481

forouth1487

aforrow?a1513

beforrow1568

paravant1590

antecedently1593

formerly1596

precedently1611

preveniently1633

preallably1652

previously1655

precedaneously1657

somewhiles1657

antecedaneously1661

aft1674

prior1675

anteriorly1681

antecedent1690

previous1712

priorly1742

1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus i. 15 The History of Brute and Brutans setteth forth. Principally and antecedently their persons..Accessorily and consequently the times when they beganne to Rule.

1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 227 Sinne, as a cause antecedently moving Gods will.

1694 F. Slare in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 213 That the Air was antecedently there, we may reasonably believe.

1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. v. 186 The Obedience..to which we are antecedently bound.

1776 J. Wesley Let. 17 Apr. (1931) VI. 214 To be pleased when you give pleasure..proves that your mind was antecedently in a right state.

1802 J. Jamieson Use Sacred Hist. i. i. 153 This image [sc. that of God in man] antecedently consisted in spirituality and immortality, and consequentially in dominion over the inferior creation.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 832 A very marked case occurred..which I showed to an eminent surgeon of this metropolis who had antecedently been incredulous upon this point.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. iii. 347 Testimony as to facts which they had antecedently known.

1864 Reader No. 94. 471/3 Since the days of Charles VIII, if not antecedently.

1919 R. W. Mackenna Adventure of Life vii. 104 If God..rules and controls everything,..antecedently determining all events, how can man have any scope for the exercise of his freedom?

1970 K. F. Shaffner in R. H. Stuewer Hist. & Philos. Perspectives Sci. 314 The antecedently meaningful terms are then interrelated in sentences which have the character of hypotheses.

2010 N. W. Barber Constit. State iv. 68 Regulative rules regulate antecedently existing activities, whereas constitutive rules create the very possibility of certain activities.

b. With to.

ΚΠ

1628 Field's Of Church (ed. 2) iii. App. 289 Our will hath no operation but in one respect only, that is, of the act it bringeth forth; but it hath no influence upon it selfe, antecedently to the production of the act.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 61 Notions..engraven in the Soul antecedently to any discursive Ratiocination.

1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. i. v. 146 Testimony, antecedently to experience, hath a natural influence on belief.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 377 I..have deemed it proper to inform your society of it, before I placed myself within the contingency of their election, and antecedently to my being accepted or rejected.

1845 H. J. Stephen New Comm. Laws Eng. II. 300 Born antecedently to 14th August 1834.

1881 R. Routledge Pop. Hist. Sci. xv. 410 The Primitive rocks contain no ‘petrifaction’ and no fragments of other rocks; they must, therefore, have been formed antecedently to all others.

1922 C. H. Cooley Social Process vi. xxviii. 334 There are institutional conditions..that operate after pecuniary demand is formed, within the processes of exchange, and those that operate antecedently to the actual demand, in the larger social process.

1968 H. J. Butcher Human Intelligence ii. 70 Biological evidence, every-day observation.., and above all the neurological evidence combine to make it highly probable antecedently to any statistical confirmation.

2010 R. Audi in G. G. Brenkert & T. L. Beauchamp Oxf. Handbk. Business Ethics i. ii. 65 Desires met by marketing divide into..those existing antecedently to marketing—especially advertising—and those created by it.

2. spec. Previously to observation or experience, presumptively; a priori.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [adverb]

presumptively1593

presumably1658

antecedently1668

high priori1742

presumedly1848

assumedly1881

sans dire1881

assumably1883

1668 J. Menzies Papsimus Lucifugus 52 You cannot prove antecedently, by any Medium, that Tostatus, Toletus, Pererius, Esthius, A Lapide, &c. had assistance, In actu primo, to give the true sense of Scripture.

1734 J. Foster Usefulness, Truth, & Excellency Christian Revelation Defended (ed. 3) iii. 90 And it is with me much more than a perhaps, that if it was not antecedently probable,..that God would make an external revelation.

1796 Evangelical Mag. Oct. 437 All you object is, that these facts are antecedently improbable!

1861 H. S. Maine Anc. Law v. 119 It would seem antecedently that we ought to commence with the simplest social forms.

1867 J. A. Froude Short Stud. 150 More evidence is required to establish a fact antecedently improbable.

1922 Econ. World 8 Apr. 472/1 It was antecedently to have been expected that a strike of such proportions and of such a character..would produce the deepest alarm.

2003 N. Everitt Non-Existence of God iv. 65 We know antecedently that no library contains infinitely many books because we know that books take a finite time to write, and there have only been finitely many people in the history of the universe who have written a book.

†3. Without cause, arbitrarily. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb]

to one's willOE

by one's willOE

self-willesOE

after a person's willOE

a-willc1275

at willc1300

at one's (own) liberty1426

ad placituma1556

at pleasure1579

ad libitum1606

arbitrarilya1626

arbitrariously1653

discretionally1655

ad arbitrium1663

voluntarily1676

discretionarily1681

antecedently1682

discretionary?1707

ad lib1791

at one's own sweet will1802

at choice1817

at no allowance1858

1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 52 If by the divine sentence Riches were allotted to one, and Poverty to another antecedently and absolutely.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	antecedently
释义	antecedentlyadv. Brit. /ˌantᵻˈsiːd(ə)ntli/, /ˈantᵻsiːd(ə)ntli/, U.S. /ˌæn(t)əˈsid(ə)n(t)li/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: antecedent adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < antecedent adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin antecedenter (from late 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources). 1. Previously in time, before; first or earlier in a causal, connectional, or implicational relation. a. Without construction. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb] erea900 beforeeOE forec1000 toforec1175 therebeforec1200 toforehand1258 forne toc1275 orc1275 andersitha1300 alreadyc1300 rather?1316 beforehandc1330 erstc1330 aforec1350 theretoforea1375 aforehanda1387 forthwitha1400 forwitha1400 or?a1400 ereward14.. toforetimec1400 aforetimes1429 aforetime1433 afore seasons1463 heretoforetime1481 forouth1487 aforrow?a1513 beforrow1568 paravant1590 antecedently1593 formerly1596 precedently1611 preveniently1633 preallably1652 previously1655 precedaneously1657 somewhiles1657 antecedaneously1661 aft1674 prior1675 anteriorly1681 antecedent1690 previous1712 priorly1742 1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus i. 15 The History of Brute and Brutans setteth forth. Principally and antecedently their persons..Accessorily and consequently the times when they beganne to Rule. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 227 Sinne, as a cause antecedently moving Gods will. 1694 F. Slare in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 213 That the Air was antecedently there, we may reasonably believe. 1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. v. 186 The Obedience..to which we are antecedently bound. 1776 J. Wesley Let. 17 Apr. (1931) VI. 214 To be pleased when you give pleasure..proves that your mind was antecedently in a right state. 1802 J. Jamieson Use Sacred Hist. i. i. 153 This image [sc. that of God in man] antecedently consisted in spirituality and immortality, and consequentially in dominion over the inferior creation. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 832 A very marked case occurred..which I showed to an eminent surgeon of this metropolis who had antecedently been incredulous upon this point. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. iii. 347 Testimony as to facts which they had antecedently known. 1864 Reader No. 94. 471/3 Since the days of Charles VIII, if not antecedently. 1919 R. W. Mackenna Adventure of Life vii. 104 If God..rules and controls everything,..antecedently determining all events, how can man have any scope for the exercise of his freedom? 1970 K. F. Shaffner in R. H. Stuewer Hist. & Philos. Perspectives Sci. 314 The antecedently meaningful terms are then interrelated in sentences which have the character of hypotheses. 2010 N. W. Barber Constit. State iv. 68 Regulative rules regulate antecedently existing activities, whereas constitutive rules create the very possibility of certain activities. b. With to. ΚΠ 1628 Field's Of Church (ed. 2) iii. App. 289 Our will hath no operation but in one respect only, that is, of the act it bringeth forth; but it hath no influence upon it selfe, antecedently to the production of the act. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 61 Notions..engraven in the Soul antecedently to any discursive Ratiocination. 1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. i. v. 146 Testimony, antecedently to experience, hath a natural influence on belief. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 377 I..have deemed it proper to inform your society of it, before I placed myself within the contingency of their election, and antecedently to my being accepted or rejected. 1845 H. J. Stephen New Comm. Laws Eng. II. 300 Born antecedently to 14th August 1834. 1881 R. Routledge Pop. Hist. Sci. xv. 410 The Primitive rocks contain no ‘petrifaction’ and no fragments of other rocks; they must, therefore, have been formed antecedently to all others. 1922 C. H. Cooley Social Process vi. xxviii. 334 There are institutional conditions..that operate after pecuniary demand is formed, within the processes of exchange, and those that operate antecedently to the actual demand, in the larger social process. 1968 H. J. Butcher Human Intelligence ii. 70 Biological evidence, every-day observation.., and above all the neurological evidence combine to make it highly probable antecedently to any statistical confirmation. 2010 R. Audi in G. G. Brenkert & T. L. Beauchamp Oxf. Handbk. Business Ethics i. ii. 65 Desires met by marketing divide into..those existing antecedently to marketing—especially advertising—and those created by it. 2. spec. Previously to observation or experience, presumptively; a priori. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [adverb] presumptively1593 presumably1658 antecedently1668 high priori1742 presumedly1848 assumedly1881 sans dire1881 assumably1883 1668 J. Menzies Papsimus Lucifugus 52 You cannot prove antecedently, by any Medium, that Tostatus, Toletus, Pererius, Esthius, A Lapide, &c. had assistance, In actu primo, to give the true sense of Scripture. 1734 J. Foster Usefulness, Truth, & Excellency Christian Revelation Defended (ed. 3) iii. 90 And it is with me much more than a perhaps, that if it was not antecedently probable,..that God would make an external revelation. 1796 Evangelical Mag. Oct. 437 All you object is, that these facts are antecedently improbable! 1861 H. S. Maine Anc. Law v. 119 It would seem antecedently that we ought to commence with the simplest social forms. 1867 J. A. Froude Short Stud. 150 More evidence is required to establish a fact antecedently improbable. 1922 Econ. World 8 Apr. 472/1 It was antecedently to have been expected that a strike of such proportions and of such a character..would produce the deepest alarm. 2003 N. Everitt Non-Existence of God iv. 65 We know antecedently that no library contains infinitely many books because we know that books take a finite time to write, and there have only been finitely many people in the history of the universe who have written a book. †3. Without cause, arbitrarily. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb] to one's willOE by one's willOE self-willesOE after a person's willOE a-willc1275 at willc1300 at one's (own) liberty1426 ad placituma1556 at pleasure1579 ad libitum1606 arbitrarilya1626 arbitrariously1653 discretionally1655 ad arbitrium1663 voluntarily1676 discretionarily1681 antecedently1682 discretionary?1707 ad lib1791 at one's own sweet will1802 at choice1817 at no allowance1858 1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 52 If by the divine sentence Riches were allotted to one, and Poverty to another antecedently and absolutely. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.1593
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