expendv.

Brit.

/ᵻkˈspɛnd/,

/ɛkˈspɛnd/, U.S.

/ɪkˈspɛnd/,

/ɛkˈspɛnd/

Forms: Middle English–1500s expende, exspende, 1500s– expend. past participle Middle English expent, 1500s expend.

Etymology: < Latin expendĕre, < ex- out + pendĕre to weigh, pay. Compare also dispend v., spend v.¹

I. To pay out, spend. The verb differs from spend in being less colloquial, and (in modern use) in implying some determinate direction or object of outlay.

1. transitive. To pay away, lay out, spend (money).

†a. To spend, make away with, consume in outlay. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)]

aspendc885

doOE

spendc1175

spenec1175

dispendc1330

bewarec1374

bestow1377

suckc1380

unpursea1393

warea1417

stowc1440

to lay outc1449

spone1456

expend1477

expend1484

impendc1486

ware?a1513

deburse?1529

disburse1530

defray1543

unburse1570

outlay1573

to lay forth1584

sweat1592

vent1612

dispursea1616

exhaust1616

to set forth1622

waste1639

depursea1648

fence1699

douse1759

shut1797

shift1923

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 53^v By expending more than his lyuelode cometh to.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton A vij Zeno expended bothe hys goodes and the goodes of his fader and played hit at the dyse.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xii. 26 Riches; Carelesse Heyres, may..expend.

a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 111 The King of England wasted the French Kings country, and thereby caused him to expend such summes of mony as exceeded the debt.

b. To lay out (money) for determinate objects. Const. in, upon.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)]

aspendc885

doOE

spendc1175

spenec1175

dispendc1330

bewarec1374

bestow1377

suckc1380

unpursea1393

warea1417

stowc1440

to lay outc1449

spone1456

expend1477

expend1484

impendc1486

ware?a1513

deburse?1529

disburse1530

defray1543

unburse1570

outlay1573

to lay forth1584

sweat1592

vent1612

dispursea1616

exhaust1616

to set forth1622

waste1639

depursea1648

fence1699

douse1759

shut1797

shift1923

1484–6 Churchwardens' Accts. Wigtoft, Lincs. in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 79 For hiryng of 2 wrightes to mend ye belles, att Palmer's house expent, 4d.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Expend or laye out money.

1698 Mem. E. Ludlow I. 71 Part of this sum I expended upon the garison.

1763 Ld. Barrington in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 474 If £50,000 had been given for that Speech, it would have been well expended.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 323 They began to doubt whether they were not about to expend their resources less for their own defence, than, etc.

1862 Mrs. H. Wood Life's Secret xvii. 117/2 Too fond of beer, to expend in much else the trifle allowed them.

absolute.1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes II. §54 The eare and the eye are the minds receiuers; but the tongue is onely busied in expending.1720 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 64 To expend and lay out very extravagantly in repairing the highways, &c.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 352 They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend.

2. transferred and figurative. To lay out, spend (blood, care, labour, time, etc.); to employ for a given purpose.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use for specific purpose > specifically an immaterial thing

beteec1175

spenec1200

beseta1240

dispenda1400

spenda1400

expendc1440

incline?a1475

expone1527

adhibit?1538

depend1607

dispense?1624

lend1697

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xv. 53 The first doughter..is þe worlde, whom a man loveth so well, that he expendith alle his lif aboute hit.

?1548 J. Bale Image Bothe Churches (new ed.) i. sig. Svi More God desyreth not of the Christen minister, than to expende hys whole studye, laboure, and tyme for the lightenyng of other.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 23 To expend your time with vs a while.

1728 E. Young Love of Fame ii, in Wks. (1757) I. 97 These all their care expend on outward show For wealth and fame.

1841 R. W. Emerson Prudence in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 236 As much wisdom may be expended on a private economy as on an empire.

1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. vii. 142 The blood that must be expended in the attempt.

1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 42 Thyself hast thou expended As every poet should.

1874 L. Morris To Unknown Poet ix A humble healer thro' a life obscure, Thou didst expend thy homely days.

a. To use up (material or force) in any operation; also reflexive. Formerly, †to consume (provisions); cf. expense n. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)]

spend1297

usea1382

costa1400

consumea1527

to make a hole (in anything)1591

absorb1686

to use up1712

expend1745

to use off1812

to get through ——1833

to go through ——1949

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 9 To procure what fresh Provisions we could expend during our Stay.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 80 The quantity of water expended in a minute was 96⅔ pounds.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xii. 193 The English archers..having expended their arrows, drew their swords.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xix. 329 Gravity in this case has expended a certain amount of force.

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 51 After the currents had expended themselves.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 14 All the social feeling and intellectual effort..seemed to have expended themselves.

b. Nautical. To lose (spars, masts, etc.) either in action or by storms, etc. Also, to use up (a quantity of rope, etc.) in winding it round a spar or a rope.

ΚΠ

1801 Ld. Nelson 23 May in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 384 An account..of the spars expended in consequence of the Action of April 2nd.

1830 F. Marryat King's Own III. i. 12 Have you expended any boat's masts?

c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 34 Expend the spunyarn round both parts of the lanyard.

1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 137 The heel rope is..expended round the jackstay and boom.

†II. To consider.

4. To weigh mentally; to consider, determine accurately. Often, to expend with oneself [after Latin expendere secum] . Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]

i-thenchec897

showeOE

i-mune971

thinkOE

overthinkOE

takec1175

umbethinkc1175

waltc1200

bethinkc1220

wend?c1225

weighc1380

delivera1382

peisea1382

considerc1385

musec1390

to look over ——a1393

advise?c1400

debatec1400

roll?c1400

revert?a1425

advertc1425

deliberc1425

movec1425

musec1425

revolvec1425

contemplec1429

overseec1440

to think overc1440

perpend1447

roil1447

pondera1450

to eat inc1450

involvec1470

ponderate?a1475

reputec1475

counterpoise1477

poisea1483

traversec1487

umbecast1487

digest1488

undercast1489

overhalec1500

rumble1519

volve?1520

compassa1522

recount1526

trutinate1528

cast1530

expend1531

ruminate1533

concoct1534

contemplate1538

deliberate1540

revolute1553

chawa1558

to turn over1568

cud1569

cogitate1570

huik1570

chew1579

meditatec1580

discourse1581

speculate1599

theorize1599

scance1603

verse1614

pensitate1623

agitate1629

spell1633

study1659

designa1676

introspect1683

troll1685

balance1692

to figure on or upon1837

reflect1862

mull1873

to mull over1874

scour1882

mill1905

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. ix. sig. biv^v Where fortitude expendeth euery thinge and acte diligently.

1533 W. Tyndale Supper of Lord in Wks. (Parker Soc.) III. 266 Exhort every man deeply to consider and expend with himself, the signification of this sacrament.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Rogat. Week iii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 491 To expend the gracious good will of God to usward.

1625 J. Hart Anat. Urines i. ii. 21 It behooueth the Physitian to..expend with himselfe..the strength of euery accident apart.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) To Rdr. Moral Evidences..are herein particularly expended and examined.

Derivatives

exˈpended adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [adjective] > expended

collocate1529

expended1743

1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 13 What can awake thee, unawak'd by this, ‘Expended Deity on human Weal’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	expend
释义	expendv. Brit. /ᵻkˈspɛnd/, /ɛkˈspɛnd/, U.S. /ɪkˈspɛnd/, /ɛkˈspɛnd/ Forms: Middle English–1500s expende, exspende, 1500s– expend. past participle Middle English expent, 1500s expend. Etymology: < Latin expendĕre, < ex- out + pendĕre to weigh, pay. Compare also dispend v., spend v.¹ I. To pay out, spend. The verb differs from spend in being less colloquial, and (in modern use) in implying some determinate direction or object of outlay. 1. transitive. To pay away, lay out, spend (money). †a. To spend, make away with, consume in outlay. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] aspendc885 doOE spendc1175 spenec1175 dispendc1330 bewarec1374 bestow1377 suckc1380 unpursea1393 warea1417 stowc1440 to lay outc1449 spone1456 expend1477 expend1484 impendc1486 ware?a1513 deburse?1529 disburse1530 defray1543 unburse1570 outlay1573 to lay forth1584 sweat1592 vent1612 dispursea1616 exhaust1616 to set forth1622 waste1639 depursea1648 fence1699 douse1759 shut1797 shift1923 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 53^v By expending more than his lyuelode cometh to. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton A vij Zeno expended bothe hys goodes and the goodes of his fader and played hit at the dyse. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xii. 26 Riches; Carelesse Heyres, may..expend. a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 111 The King of England wasted the French Kings country, and thereby caused him to expend such summes of mony as exceeded the debt. b. To lay out (money) for determinate objects. Const. in, upon. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] aspendc885 doOE spendc1175 spenec1175 dispendc1330 bewarec1374 bestow1377 suckc1380 unpursea1393 warea1417 stowc1440 to lay outc1449 spone1456 expend1477 expend1484 impendc1486 ware?a1513 deburse?1529 disburse1530 defray1543 unburse1570 outlay1573 to lay forth1584 sweat1592 vent1612 dispursea1616 exhaust1616 to set forth1622 waste1639 depursea1648 fence1699 douse1759 shut1797 shift1923 1484–6 Churchwardens' Accts. Wigtoft, Lincs. in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 79 For hiryng of 2 wrightes to mend ye belles, att Palmer's house expent, 4d. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Expend or laye out money. 1698 Mem. E. Ludlow I. 71 Part of this sum I expended upon the garison. 1763 Ld. Barrington in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 474 If £50,000 had been given for that Speech, it would have been well expended. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 323 They began to doubt whether they were not about to expend their resources less for their own defence, than, etc. 1862 Mrs. H. Wood Life's Secret xvii. 117/2 Too fond of beer, to expend in much else the trifle allowed them. absolute.1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes II. §54 The eare and the eye are the minds receiuers; but the tongue is onely busied in expending.1720 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 64 To expend and lay out very extravagantly in repairing the highways, &c.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 352 They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend. 2. transferred and figurative. To lay out, spend (blood, care, labour, time, etc.); to employ for a given purpose. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use for specific purpose > specifically an immaterial thing beteec1175 spenec1200 beseta1240 dispenda1400 spenda1400 expendc1440 incline?a1475 expone1527 adhibit?1538 depend1607 dispense?1624 lend1697 c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xv. 53 The first doughter..is þe worlde, whom a man loveth so well, that he expendith alle his lif aboute hit. ?1548 J. Bale Image Bothe Churches (new ed.) i. sig. Svi More God desyreth not of the Christen minister, than to expende hys whole studye, laboure, and tyme for the lightenyng of other. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 23 To expend your time with vs a while. View more context for this quotation 1728 E. Young Love of Fame ii, in Wks. (1757) I. 97 These all their care expend on outward show For wealth and fame. 1841 R. W. Emerson Prudence in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 236 As much wisdom may be expended on a private economy as on an empire. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. vii. 142 The blood that must be expended in the attempt. 1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 42 Thyself hast thou expended As every poet should. 1874 L. Morris To Unknown Poet ix A humble healer thro' a life obscure, Thou didst expend thy homely days. 3. a. To use up (material or force) in any operation; also reflexive. Formerly, †to consume (provisions); cf. expense n. 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] spend1297 usea1382 costa1400 consumea1527 to make a hole (in anything)1591 absorb1686 to use up1712 expend1745 to use off1812 to get through ——1833 to go through ——1949 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 9 To procure what fresh Provisions we could expend during our Stay. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 80 The quantity of water expended in a minute was 96⅔ pounds. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xii. 193 The English archers..having expended their arrows, drew their swords. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xix. 329 Gravity in this case has expended a certain amount of force. 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 51 After the currents had expended themselves. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 14 All the social feeling and intellectual effort..seemed to have expended themselves. b. Nautical. To lose (spars, masts, etc.) either in action or by storms, etc. Also, to use up (a quantity of rope, etc.) in winding it round a spar or a rope. ΚΠ 1801 Ld. Nelson 23 May in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 384 An account..of the spars expended in consequence of the Action of April 2nd. 1830 F. Marryat King's Own III. i. 12 Have you expended any boat's masts? c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 34 Expend the spunyarn round both parts of the lanyard. 1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 137 The heel rope is..expended round the jackstay and boom. †II. To consider. 4. To weigh mentally; to consider, determine accurately. Often, to expend with oneself [after Latin expendere secum] . Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. ix. sig. biv^v Where fortitude expendeth euery thinge and acte diligently. 1533 W. Tyndale Supper of Lord in Wks. (Parker Soc.) III. 266 Exhort every man deeply to consider and expend with himself, the signification of this sacrament. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Rogat. Week iii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 491 To expend the gracious good will of God to usward. 1625 J. Hart Anat. Urines i. ii. 21 It behooueth the Physitian to..expend with himselfe..the strength of euery accident apart. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) To Rdr. Moral Evidences..are herein particularly expended and examined. Derivatives exˈpended adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [adjective] > expended collocate1529 expended1743 1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 13 What can awake thee, unawak'd by this, ‘Expended Deity on human Weal’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1440
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