analogyn.

Brit.

/əˈnalədʒi/, U.S.

/əˈnælədʒi/

Forms: late Middle English anologie, late Middle English anologye, late Middle English–1600s analogie, 1500s analogye, 1500s–1600s annalogy, 1600s annalogie, 1600s– analogy.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French analogie; Latin analogia.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French analogie (French analogie ) (in grammar) similarity in the inflections and derivations of words, formation of inflections and derivatives on the basis of such similarity (1213 in Old French as the title of a lost Latin grammatical treatise by Julius Caesar), resemblance between two or more things, reasoning on the basis of similarity or parallel cases (c1430), (in mathematics, geometry, etc.) proportion, correspondence (early 16th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin analogia ratio, proportion, (in grammar) similarity in the inflections and derivations of words, formation of inflections and derivatives on the basis of such similarity, (in logic) reasoning on the basis of parallel cases, in post-classical Latin also analogical interpretation (of the Bible) (late 4th cent. in Augustine) < ancient Greek ἀναλογία mathematical proportion, proportion in general, correspondence, resemblance, reasoning on the basis of parallel cases, in Hellenistic Greek also relation, (in grammar) similarity in the inflections and derivations of words < ἀνάλογος , adjective (see analogon n.) + -ία -y suffix³. Compare Catalan analogia (15th cent.), Spanish analogía (late 14th cent.), Portuguese analogia (1536), Italian analogia (1558).For earlier use of the Greek word (in sense 6) in an English context compare:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 292 Sum ðæra dæla [sc. of grammar] hatte Anologia on grecisc, þæt is on leden similivm rervm comparatio and on englisc geliccra ðinga wiðmetenys.

I. General uses.

†1. Correspondence of quantities, proportion; (Mathematics) agreement of ratios. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [noun] > equal or constant

proportiona1387

analogy?a1425

direct proportion1636

direct ratio1702

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 38 (MED) Spicez of obtalmiez haueþ periodez..& accessez sewing anologie i. proporcioun of þe materiez of which þai ar made.

1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Cii If any one proportion be continued in more then 2 nombers, there maie be then a conference also of these proportions..that conference or comparison is named Analogie.

1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. v. Introd. f. 125^v This booke..entreateth of proportion and Analogie, or proportionalitie.

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 91 That which is here termed proportion, is more rightly called proportionality or analogy.

1742 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Analogy, the Comparison of several Ratio's of Quantities or Numbers one to another.

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. vii. 166 An analogy is ‘an agreement or likeness between’ two ratios in respect of the quantitative contrast between each antecedent and its consequent.

†2. Correlation, harmony, agreement; correspondence or adaptation of one thing to another. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun]

analogy1533

communiona1538

correlation1561

correspondency1607

connection1613

correlativeness1727

co-relation1836

interrelation1848

interradiation1855

interconnection1856

interrelatedness1865

interrelationship1867

assonance1868

correlativity1877

complementariness1881

interlinkage1904

complementarity1911

interconnectedness1922

1533 W. Tyndale Souper of Lorde f. 19 Why may it not wyth lyke grace, for that analogye & propercongruence of the fygures wythe theyr verites, vse the same phrase and maner of speche in their verites?

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. III. v. vii. sig. Oooo/1 Analogie..is an aptnes, proportion and a certeine conuenience of the signe to the thinge signified.

a1626 L. Andrewes 96 Serm. (1629) viii. 241 If there be an analogy of faith; So is there of hearing also.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 204 This bastard Pleurisie..arose from a pituitous matter gathered in the Bloud through Analogy with Winter.

1753 R. Parry Christian Sabbath 3 It is probable, considering the Analogy and Correspondence between the Time of the Fall, and that of the Redemption, that Adam transgressed on the Seventh Day.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 229 Some philosophers have perceived so much analogy to man in the formation of the ocean, that they have not hesitated to assert its being made for him alone.

†a. A figure of speech involving a comparison; a simile, a metaphor. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > simile

ylikenessOE

likenessc1175

comparisona1382

similec1400

similitudec1400

resemblancec1405

analogya1536

likening1573

parabola1577

icon1589

parabole1828

a1536 W. Tyndale Wks. (1573) 473 Fetching his analogie and similitude at the naturall body.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxiv. 213 According to the same Analogy, the Dove, and the Fiery Tongues..might also be called Angels.

1787 W. Jones Course of Lect. Figurative Lang. Holy Script. 311 For truth..does not enter into mens minds in its own abstracted nature, but under the vehicle of some analogy, which conveys a great deal of sense in a very few words.

b. A comparison made between one thing and another for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > representing as similar

comparison1340

likeningc1390

comparing1489

equiparation1623

analogy1645

assimilating1781

admeasurement1819

assimilation1855

1645 J. Tombes Examen Serm. S. Marshal 93 in Two Treat. Infant-baptisme The Apostle rather resembles buriall to circumcision, then baptisme, and so makes the Analogy not between Circumcision and Baptisme, but circumcision and Christs buriall.

1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 79 I think I may with good Reason make an Analogy betwixt it [sc. an elephant's trunk] and the Tongue.

1789 Scots Mag. Mar. 118/2 Fullarton drew an analogy between the reign of Charles VI. of France and the present time.

1879 Princeton Rev. Jan.–June 554 It is a favourite employment with evolutionists to draw an analogy between the life-progress of the individual and that of the world.

1914 Unpop. Rev. July–Sept. 70 To find fault with the drawing of this comparison, the utilization of this analogy, would be foolish.

2005 R. Ballaster Fabulous Orients 84 Rycaut had made an analogy between Ibrahim's death at the hands of his janissaries and that of Charles I.

a. Similarity, resemblance; an instance of this. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun]

anlikenessOE

ylikenessOE

likenessa1250

likeliheada1393

resemblancea1393

likeliness?a1425

similitudec1425

semblingc1440

alikenessc1450

assemblance1485

agreement1495

likelihood1495

agreeance1525

analogy1542

simility1543

semblablenessc1550

semblance1576

nearness1577

vicinity1594

simile1604

assimilation1605

consimilitude1610

parity1612

bly1615

similarity1615

connaturality1621

similiancy1622

connaturalnessa1628

reasemblance1638

consimilarity1658

similariness1669

similarness1670

consimility1680

kindredship1733

family likeness1759

family resemblance1785

cognateness1816

feel1892

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Albion..is no latten word, nor hath the analogye, that is to saye, the proportion or similitude of latine. For who hath founde this syllable, on, at the ende of a latine worde.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. iv. 18 A great analogie or conuenience is found in this contrarietie of beginnings.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 45 Who from some analogy of name..conceive the Ægyptian Pyramids to have been built for Granaries.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 416. ¶1 Places, Persons, or Actions, in general, which bear a Resemblance, or at least some remote Analogy, with what we find represented.

1782 S. Jenyns Disquisitions v. 84 We shall find, on an accurate examination, that there is a certain analogy, which runs thro' them all, well worthy of our attention and admiration.

1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxvii. 358 The trilobites..bear so strong an analogy to those described by M. Brongniart.

1875 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 183/2 The productions of this art, which has some analogy to weaving.

1898 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games II. 321 Among the northern nations it was customary for subjects at this season to present gifts to their sovereign... The custom in Scotland of presenting what we vulgarly call a sweetie-skon, or a loaf enriched with raisins and currants, has an analogy to this.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses 640 Though they didn't see eye to eye in everything, a certain analogy there somehow was, as if both their minds were travelling, so to speak, in the one train of thought.

1986 Observer 26 Jan. 3/3 You achieve harmony with your surroundings either by sharp contrast or by analogy [i.e. echoing the features of the neighbouring buildings].

b. Correspondence between two things, or in the relationship between two things and their respective attributes; parallelism, equivalence, or an instance of this. Chiefly with between, to, with.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > correspondence, analogy, or parallelism

analogy1550

correspondency1598

parallel1599

correspondence1605

symbolization1607

corresponcy1621

homology1656

parallelism1656

analogicalness1731

analogousness1859

collaterality1872

parallelity1897

1550 J. Veron Godly Saiyngs To Rdr. sig. Biii Marke well good reader the analogie of y^e old & new sacraments.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Hh3^v Which three parts active [sc. experimental, philosophical, magical] haue a correspondence and Analogie with the three parts specvlative.

1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. ii. i. 13 We can think no otherwise of the Divine Conceptions and Volitions, but as we are led by the analogy of humane acts.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 65 Some conceived analogy between body and mind.

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic viii. 195 There is still one property of sound, which has its analogy also in light.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. 10. 285 The analogy between a river and a glacier moving through a sinuous valley is therefore complete.

1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. iv. 137 There seem to be three principal types [of ants] offering a curious analogy to the three great phases: the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages, in the history of human development.

1899 E. E. Kellett & E. W. Naylor tr. O. Bie Hist. Pianoforte i. 30 This is akin to the practice of the drone in bagpipes, and has analogy with the ancient ‘Pes’, or ‘pedal’ two part vocal accompaniment in ‘Sumer is icumen in’.

1960 Bull. Atomic Scientists Mar. 104/2 There is an analogy between a parent's threat to a child and the threat that a wealthy paternalistic nation makes to..the government of a poor nation.

2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Jan. 6/5 He examines the analogy between the British Empire and modern-day America.

5. A thing which (or occasionally person who) corresponds to or resembles another; a parallel, an equivalent, an analogue.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent

ylikeeOE

likea1200

make?c1225

fellow?a1425

proportion?a1425

countervailc1430

matcha1450

meetc1450

pareil?c1450

resemblant1484

equivalent1502

countermatch1587

second1599

parallel1600

equipollent1611

balancea1616

tantamount1637

analogy1646

analogate1652

form-fellow1659

equivalency1698

par1711

homologizer1716

peel1722

analogon1797

quits1806

correlate1821

analogue1837

representant1847

homologue1848

countertype1855

homologon1871

correlative1875

vis-à-vis1900

counterpart1903

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 158 Many have nostrills which have no lungs, as fishes, but none have lungs or respiration, which have not some shew, or some analogy of nostrills.

1661 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 486 Man..is the worlds analogy, And hath with it a Co-existency.

1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens I. 296 The child is the analogy of a people yet in childhood.

1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. i. iii. 28 We readily find many analogies to such a name as Kairguin.

1915 E. H. Barton Introd. Mech. Fluids xii. 191 The intensifier presents an analogy to the hydraulic press.

1970 R. Ader in J. P. Hill Minnesota Symp. on Child Psychol. IV. 32 It is the principle of the interaction among these events in animal subjects, which constitutes an analogy to the interaction likely to occur in man.

2003 D. Launderville Piety & Polit. 186 Joan Bottéro describes the world of the Mesopotamian gods as one that forms an analogy to the human world.

II. Technical uses.

6. Linguistics.

a. Conformity of words or language to a regular or consistent pattern; (hence) a set of rules describing the behaviour of language, or intended to govern its use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in

analogy1569

deflection1603

epenthesis1656

sandhi1806

relic1835

anamorphosis1862

metanalysis1914

drift1921

adstratum1939

grammaticalization1955

relexification1962

1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. iii. f. 8 I leaue to speake of infinite contentions of theirs..of Figures, of Etimologie, of Analogie, & other preceptes, & rules, Declensons, & moodes of signification.

1614 J. Brinsley tr. M. Cordier Dialogues xxxiv. 297 B. Why doe wee not pronounce the Genitive case, arboris, the last [syllable] saue one long, as commonly in other Nounes of the same termination? P. Because vse of speaking hath approued it otherwise, for the analogy [gloss. the manner of speaking proportionably to the common rules of Grammar] hath not place euery where.

1638 M. Casaubon Treat. Use & Custome 153 When shee [sc. custom] pleases, she breakes..strictest bonds of best approoved Analogie, and suffers no rule of Grammar to passe without an exception.

1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered 264 There [is]..a particular Grammar analogy in each particular tongue, before it be reduced into rules.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Analogy..in Grammar, the Declining of a Noun, or Conjugating of a Verb, according to its Rule or Standard.

1747 S. Johnson Plan Dict. 17 To our language may be with great justness applied the observation of Quintilian, that speech was not formed by an analogy sent from heaven.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. xviii. 251 In all languages, there are phrases which have a distinct meaning, while at the same time, there may be something in the structure of them that disagrees with the analogy of grammar or with the principles of philosophy.

1816 Encycl. Perthensis (ed. 2) X. 107/1 As to the analogy of grammar, and the simplicity wherewith the moods of verbs are formed, the English has the advantage..over all the known languages in the world.

2007 D. L. Blank tr. Sextus Empiricus in A. F. Christidis Hist. Anc. Greek vii. i. 1122 Now there are two kinds of Hellenism, for one form is divorced from our common usage and seems to proceed according to grammatical analogy, while the other form accords with the usage of each of the Greeks.

b. The use of apparent linguistic parallels as a basis for the creation or remodelling of words, inflections, or constructions; spec. (more fully false analogy) a process in which linguistic forms arise or are adapted on the basis of regularities in the forms of parallel examples already in existence, omitting the formative steps through which these models originally arose.

ΚΠ

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word) In Matters of Language, we say, new Words are form'd by Analogy.

1844 Pegge's Anecd. Eng. Lang. (ed. 3) 115 He of course left the word ‘fetched’ or ‘fetch’ to its legitimate signification, and accommodated the new verb with a preterit and participle formed by analogy.

1874 R. Morris Hist. Eng. Gram. 95 The th in farther has crept in from false analogy with further.

1879 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1877–9 391 Paul goes on to protest against the epithet ‘false’ analogy, remarking that it is really ‘correct,’ working as it does with unerring psychological instinct.

1884 N.E.D. at Analogy n. The new inflexion bake, baked, baked (instead of the historical bake, book, baken) is due to analogy with such words as rake, raked, raked, etc. When the formative steps are not only absent, but could not have been present, the process is often called False Analogy.

1967 J. H. Sudd Introd. Behaviour Ants viii. 154 Animals which show these variations in behaviour from one to another can be said to show polyethism—a word formed by analogy with polymorphism.

1992 H. Aigner in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 748 The classical example is, of course, software , which was coined in analogy to the much older hardware.

2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Mar. 25/1 The expression ‘Homintern’, formed by analogy with Comintern, was one which Auden had been wanting to get into print for decades.

a. Chiefly Philosophy. Correspondence or resemblance between things, as a basis for reasoning or argumentation; (also occasionally) an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. v. 213 Therefore by the example and analogie of one difference of tumours, which are caused thorough defluxion..we will vnderstand also other differences.

1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. iv. 21 He hath made out from Example and Analogy.

1750 W. Warburton Julian Introd. p. xxxiii From the teaching Rhetors they learnt the art of reasoning by similitudes and analogies.

1774 A. Gerard Ess. Genius i. v. 105 Whenever any series of events is exhibited to the mind, memory recollects some other part of the course of nature; and if the ordinary analogy be wanting, that series is pronounced unnatural and improbable.

a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1879) II. 1040 Analogy denotes an inference or a reasoning or argumentation, whereof an analogy of objects is mainly the cause or ground.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. i. 11 Analogy, however, is not proof, but illustration.

1990 J. D. Barrow Theories of Everything (1991) iii. 42 The analogy between initial conditions for deterministic laws of Nature and axioms for logical structures can be pushed a little further, to reveal an unexpected analogue of chaos and randomicity in axiomatic systems.

b. Chiefly Logic. The process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects; the use of parallel cases as a basis for reasoning; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1602 F. Thynne in Wks. Chaucer (new ed.) sig. bj By true Annalogie I rightly find.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. Introd. p. iv Analogy is of weight,..towards determining our Judgment.

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic II. iii. xx. §1 The word Analogy as the name of a mode of reasoning is generally taken for some kind of argument supposed to be of an inductive nature but not amounting to a complete induction.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1863) 4th Ser. xxx. 231 Analogy is probability from a parallel case. We assume that the same law which operates in the one case will in another, if there be a resemblance between the relations of the things compared.

1905 J. G. Hibben Logic, Deductive & Inductive 151 That special case which..immediately suggests some resemblance to a similar case and thus opens the way for reasoning by analogy.

1941 K. Shridharani My India, my Amer. ix. 258 The earlier Nyaya..leaned heavily upon reasoning by analogy, the weakest type of logical reasoning.

2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 23 Mar. (Business section) 4/1 Human beings are analogy machines..dealing with new information by comparing it to things they already know something about.

8. Zoology and Botany. Resemblance of form or function between parts or characteristics in different organisms, spec. where these are of different evolutionary origin; an instance of this. Cf. homology n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > similarity between different organisms

analogy1773

resemblance1838

affinity1840

isomorphism1902

synaposematism1907

1773 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 11 The sounds [sc. air-bladders] of cod and ling bear great analogy with those of the accipenser genus of Linnæus.

1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 55 Linnæus, whose lively imagination was continually employed in endeavours to discover analogies between the animal and vegetable systems, conceived ‘that the pith performed for the plant the same functions as the brain and nerves in animated beings.’

1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §25 We understand by analogy those cases in which organs have identity of function, but not identity of essence or origin.

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 13 Nymphæaceæ... Affinities. With Papaveraceæ, but not close; presents analogies with Hydrocharideæ and Villarsia.

1944 Q. Rev. Biol. 19 232/2 The mechanism of polar capsule formation offered many analogies with that which has been observed by Bedot in the nematoblasts of certain coelenterates.

1955 T. Dobzhansky Evol., Genetics & Man xii. 308 A marsupial ‘mole’ is astonishingly like a ‘real’ placental mole, both in general appearance and in habits. And yet any competent anatomist sees easily that the similarities are due to analogy and not to homology.

2001 S. T. Asma Stuffed Animals & Pickled Heads (2003) i. 26 A homology, like the similarity between my arm and a whale's flipper, is different from an analogy—for example, the similarity between a bird's wing and a butterfly's wing.

Phrases

P1. by analogy: on the basis of a perceived or supposed correspondence or similarity (with something).

ΚΠ

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 130 By analogie or like reason, (as the prophet rebuketh the priestes of the Iewes) he doeth reprehend also the Bishops, Elders, and Deacons of the Church for their negligence.

1669 R. Allestree 18 Serm. xv. 269 Those faculties..will..judge of things removed from all our notices; (such as Spiritual, Infinite, Eternal being is) and do it by principles gathered from the information of our Senses, and by analogy with things of another kind; corporeal finite things that are about us.

1749 Quincy's Pharmacopœia Officinalis (ed. 12) i. ii. xiii. 221/1 Hence, by analogy, other contagious diseases are likewise suspected to be animalcular.

1830 Harmonicon 8 377/1 The music..not having reached us, it is impossible to form a just idea of it, except by analogy with that of their successors.

1909 E. I. Lewis Elements Org. Chem. v. 41 By analogy with the ethyl alcohol reaction we might have expected a substance of the formula CH2.

1970 H. S. Dyer in A. C. Ornstein Accountability for Teachers (1973) iii. 48 A conceptualization that tends, by analogy, to equate the educational process with the type of engineering process that applies to industrial production.

2003 I. J. R. Aitchison & A. J. G. Hey Gauge Theories in Particle Physics I. (ed. 3) ii. 30 He built his theory by analogy with electromagnetism, postulating a new field of force with an associated new field quantum, analogous to the photon.

P2. Chiefly Theology and Philosophy.

analogy of proportion n. (originally) = analogy of attribution n. at Phrases 2b; (in later use also) = analogy of proportionality n. at Phrases 2c.

ΚΠ

1670 T. Philipot Antiquitas Theologica & Gentilis i. 39 Tithes..are not only due by a right of assimulation; that is, because they were paid under the Levitical Law, therefore by the Analogy of proportion they are to be paid under the Gospel.

?1790 M. Martindale tr. Glories of Heaven 12 There is infinitely less [proportion] between the perfections of the Deity and the human understanding, there is no analogy of proportion between them.

1874 Month & Catholic Rev. 1 185 The analogy of proportion is the foundation of all metaphorical expressions.

1988 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 49 274 Since the analogy of proportion is modeled on mathematical analogy, they ask whether mathematical analogies do not presuppose univocity.

2008 D. Thorsen Explor. Christian Theol. v. 74 What Aquinas described as the analogy of proportion is often referred to as the analogy of attribution and the analogy of proportionality is referred to as the analogy of proportion.

analogy of attribution n. the attribution of a quality or property to something which does not intrinsically possess it, based on the relation of that thing to that which does.For example, an animal and medicine can both be called healthy, but only for the animal is it a proper attribute; medicine is called healthy because it can be a cause of good health in the animal.

ΚΠ

1675 R. Baxter Two Disputations of Orig. Sin ii. 77 As Accidens is said to be called Ens but by analogy of attribution, as having a less participation of the kind, and yet it is truly Ens: so the original sin of infants is called sin by such an analogy.

1739 ‘Philalethes’ Philos. Diss. Human Knowl. 44 I mean the Logical Analogy of Attribution, not the Mathematical one of Proportion.

1880 Catholic World Feb. 582/2 The analogy of attribution in virtue of which one thing receives a denomination from another which is generically diverse from it, on account of the similarity in the effects of the two analogues, is by no means similar to transcendental analogy.

2006 R. Sokolowski Christian Faith & Human Understanding 59 Analogy of attribution requires not only a primary instance of something, but some sort of causation.

analogy of proportionality n. analogy in which two things share a common name and the notion expressed by this name is proportionally the same.For example, God's goodness can be understood on an analogy of creaturely goodness: as our goodness is proportional to us so is God's proportional to him.

ΚΠ

1906 F. Aveling God of Philos. xiv. 163 We fall back, therefore, upon analogy as an explanation of the manner in which these terms common to both are used of God and of creatures. [Note] E.g., the analogy of proportionality.

1955 Philos. Q. 5 186 He asserts that..analogy of proportionality does not hold a central place in St. Thomas's thought.

2006 R. Attfield Creation, Evol. & Meaning i. 25 In the Analogy of Proportionality..God's goodness and other attributes are held to be related to God's nature in the same manner or ratio as human goodness is to human nature.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	analogy
释义	analogyn. Brit. /əˈnalədʒi/, U.S. /əˈnælədʒi/ Forms: late Middle English anologie, late Middle English anologye, late Middle English–1600s analogie, 1500s analogye, 1500s–1600s annalogy, 1600s annalogie, 1600s– analogy. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French analogie; Latin analogia. Etymology: < (i) Middle French analogie (French analogie ) (in grammar) similarity in the inflections and derivations of words, formation of inflections and derivatives on the basis of such similarity (1213 in Old French as the title of a lost Latin grammatical treatise by Julius Caesar), resemblance between two or more things, reasoning on the basis of similarity or parallel cases (c1430), (in mathematics, geometry, etc.) proportion, correspondence (early 16th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin analogia ratio, proportion, (in grammar) similarity in the inflections and derivations of words, formation of inflections and derivatives on the basis of such similarity, (in logic) reasoning on the basis of parallel cases, in post-classical Latin also analogical interpretation (of the Bible) (late 4th cent. in Augustine) < ancient Greek ἀναλογία mathematical proportion, proportion in general, correspondence, resemblance, reasoning on the basis of parallel cases, in Hellenistic Greek also relation, (in grammar) similarity in the inflections and derivations of words < ἀνάλογος , adjective (see analogon n.) + -ία -y suffix³. Compare Catalan analogia (15th cent.), Spanish analogía (late 14th cent.), Portuguese analogia (1536), Italian analogia (1558).For earlier use of the Greek word (in sense 6) in an English context compare:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 292 Sum ðæra dæla [sc. of grammar] hatte Anologia on grecisc, þæt is on leden similivm rervm comparatio and on englisc geliccra ðinga wiðmetenys. I. General uses. †1. Correspondence of quantities, proportion; (Mathematics) agreement of ratios. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [noun] > equal or constant proportiona1387 analogy?a1425 direct proportion1636 direct ratio1702 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 38 (MED) Spicez of obtalmiez haueþ periodez..& accessez sewing anologie i. proporcioun of þe materiez of which þai ar made. 1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Cii If any one proportion be continued in more then 2 nombers, there maie be then a conference also of these proportions..that conference or comparison is named Analogie. 1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. v. Introd. f. 125^v This booke..entreateth of proportion and Analogie, or proportionalitie. 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 91 That which is here termed proportion, is more rightly called proportionality or analogy. 1742 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Analogy, the Comparison of several Ratio's of Quantities or Numbers one to another. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. vii. 166 An analogy is ‘an agreement or likeness between’ two ratios in respect of the quantitative contrast between each antecedent and its consequent. †2. Correlation, harmony, agreement; correspondence or adaptation of one thing to another. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] analogy1533 communiona1538 correlation1561 correspondency1607 connection1613 correlativeness1727 co-relation1836 interrelation1848 interradiation1855 interconnection1856 interrelatedness1865 interrelationship1867 assonance1868 correlativity1877 complementariness1881 interlinkage1904 complementarity1911 interconnectedness1922 1533 W. Tyndale Souper of Lorde f. 19 Why may it not wyth lyke grace, for that analogye & propercongruence of the fygures wythe theyr verites, vse the same phrase and maner of speche in their verites? 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. III. v. vii. sig. Oooo/1 Analogie..is an aptnes, proportion and a certeine conuenience of the signe to the thinge signified. a1626 L. Andrewes 96 Serm. (1629) viii. 241 If there be an analogy of faith; So is there of hearing also. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 204 This bastard Pleurisie..arose from a pituitous matter gathered in the Bloud through Analogy with Winter. 1753 R. Parry Christian Sabbath 3 It is probable, considering the Analogy and Correspondence between the Time of the Fall, and that of the Redemption, that Adam transgressed on the Seventh Day. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 229 Some philosophers have perceived so much analogy to man in the formation of the ocean, that they have not hesitated to assert its being made for him alone. 3. †a. A figure of speech involving a comparison; a simile, a metaphor. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > simile ylikenessOE likenessc1175 comparisona1382 similec1400 similitudec1400 resemblancec1405 analogya1536 likening1573 parabola1577 icon1589 parabole1828 a1536 W. Tyndale Wks. (1573) 473 Fetching his analogie and similitude at the naturall body. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxiv. 213 According to the same Analogy, the Dove, and the Fiery Tongues..might also be called Angels. 1787 W. Jones Course of Lect. Figurative Lang. Holy Script. 311 For truth..does not enter into mens minds in its own abstracted nature, but under the vehicle of some analogy, which conveys a great deal of sense in a very few words. b. A comparison made between one thing and another for the purpose of explanation or clarification. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > representing as similar comparison1340 likeningc1390 comparing1489 equiparation1623 analogy1645 assimilating1781 admeasurement1819 assimilation1855 1645 J. Tombes Examen Serm. S. Marshal 93 in Two Treat. Infant-baptisme The Apostle rather resembles buriall to circumcision, then baptisme, and so makes the Analogy not between Circumcision and Baptisme, but circumcision and Christs buriall. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 79 I think I may with good Reason make an Analogy betwixt it [sc. an elephant's trunk] and the Tongue. 1789 Scots Mag. Mar. 118/2 Fullarton drew an analogy between the reign of Charles VI. of France and the present time. 1879 Princeton Rev. Jan.–June 554 It is a favourite employment with evolutionists to draw an analogy between the life-progress of the individual and that of the world. 1914 Unpop. Rev. July–Sept. 70 To find fault with the drawing of this comparison, the utilization of this analogy, would be foolish. 2005 R. Ballaster Fabulous Orients 84 Rycaut had made an analogy between Ibrahim's death at the hands of his janissaries and that of Charles I. 4. a. Similarity, resemblance; an instance of this. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] anlikenessOE ylikenessOE likenessa1250 likeliheada1393 resemblancea1393 likeliness?a1425 similitudec1425 semblingc1440 alikenessc1450 assemblance1485 agreement1495 likelihood1495 agreeance1525 analogy1542 simility1543 semblablenessc1550 semblance1576 nearness1577 vicinity1594 simile1604 assimilation1605 consimilitude1610 parity1612 bly1615 similarity1615 connaturality1621 similiancy1622 connaturalnessa1628 reasemblance1638 consimilarity1658 similariness1669 similarness1670 consimility1680 kindredship1733 family likeness1759 family resemblance1785 cognateness1816 feel1892 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Albion..is no latten word, nor hath the analogye, that is to saye, the proportion or similitude of latine. For who hath founde this syllable, on, at the ende of a latine worde. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. iv. 18 A great analogie or conuenience is found in this contrarietie of beginnings. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 45 Who from some analogy of name..conceive the Ægyptian Pyramids to have been built for Granaries. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 416. ¶1 Places, Persons, or Actions, in general, which bear a Resemblance, or at least some remote Analogy, with what we find represented. 1782 S. Jenyns Disquisitions v. 84 We shall find, on an accurate examination, that there is a certain analogy, which runs thro' them all, well worthy of our attention and admiration. 1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxvii. 358 The trilobites..bear so strong an analogy to those described by M. Brongniart. 1875 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 183/2 The productions of this art, which has some analogy to weaving. 1898 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games II. 321 Among the northern nations it was customary for subjects at this season to present gifts to their sovereign... The custom in Scotland of presenting what we vulgarly call a sweetie-skon, or a loaf enriched with raisins and currants, has an analogy to this. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses 640 Though they didn't see eye to eye in everything, a certain analogy there somehow was, as if both their minds were travelling, so to speak, in the one train of thought. 1986 Observer 26 Jan. 3/3 You achieve harmony with your surroundings either by sharp contrast or by analogy [i.e. echoing the features of the neighbouring buildings]. b. Correspondence between two things, or in the relationship between two things and their respective attributes; parallelism, equivalence, or an instance of this. Chiefly with between, to, with. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > correspondence, analogy, or parallelism analogy1550 correspondency1598 parallel1599 correspondence1605 symbolization1607 corresponcy1621 homology1656 parallelism1656 analogicalness1731 analogousness1859 collaterality1872 parallelity1897 1550 J. Veron Godly Saiyngs To Rdr. sig. Biii Marke well good reader the analogie of y^e old & new sacraments. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Hh3^v Which three parts active [sc. experimental, philosophical, magical] haue a correspondence and Analogie with the three parts specvlative. View more context for this quotation 1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. ii. i. 13 We can think no otherwise of the Divine Conceptions and Volitions, but as we are led by the analogy of humane acts. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 65 Some conceived analogy between body and mind. 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic viii. 195 There is still one property of sound, which has its analogy also in light. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. 10. 285 The analogy between a river and a glacier moving through a sinuous valley is therefore complete. 1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. iv. 137 There seem to be three principal types [of ants] offering a curious analogy to the three great phases: the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages, in the history of human development. 1899 E. E. Kellett & E. W. Naylor tr. O. Bie Hist. Pianoforte i. 30 This is akin to the practice of the drone in bagpipes, and has analogy with the ancient ‘Pes’, or ‘pedal’ two part vocal accompaniment in ‘Sumer is icumen in’. 1960 Bull. Atomic Scientists Mar. 104/2 There is an analogy between a parent's threat to a child and the threat that a wealthy paternalistic nation makes to..the government of a poor nation. 2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Jan. 6/5 He examines the analogy between the British Empire and modern-day America. 5. A thing which (or occasionally person who) corresponds to or resembles another; a parallel, an equivalent, an analogue. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent ylikeeOE likea1200 make?c1225 fellow?a1425 proportion?a1425 countervailc1430 matcha1450 meetc1450 pareil?c1450 resemblant1484 equivalent1502 countermatch1587 second1599 parallel1600 equipollent1611 balancea1616 tantamount1637 analogy1646 analogate1652 form-fellow1659 equivalency1698 par1711 homologizer1716 peel1722 analogon1797 quits1806 correlate1821 analogue1837 representant1847 homologue1848 countertype1855 homologon1871 correlative1875 vis-à-vis1900 counterpart1903 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 158 Many have nostrills which have no lungs, as fishes, but none have lungs or respiration, which have not some shew, or some analogy of nostrills. View more context for this quotation 1661 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 486 Man..is the worlds analogy, And hath with it a Co-existency. 1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens I. 296 The child is the analogy of a people yet in childhood. 1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. i. iii. 28 We readily find many analogies to such a name as Kairguin. 1915 E. H. Barton Introd. Mech. Fluids xii. 191 The intensifier presents an analogy to the hydraulic press. 1970 R. Ader in J. P. Hill Minnesota Symp. on Child Psychol. IV. 32 It is the principle of the interaction among these events in animal subjects, which constitutes an analogy to the interaction likely to occur in man. 2003 D. Launderville Piety & Polit. 186 Joan Bottéro describes the world of the Mesopotamian gods as one that forms an analogy to the human world. II. Technical uses. 6. Linguistics. a. Conformity of words or language to a regular or consistent pattern; (hence) a set of rules describing the behaviour of language, or intended to govern its use. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in analogy1569 deflection1603 epenthesis1656 sandhi1806 relic1835 anamorphosis1862 metanalysis1914 drift1921 adstratum1939 grammaticalization1955 relexification1962 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. iii. f. 8 I leaue to speake of infinite contentions of theirs..of Figures, of Etimologie, of Analogie, & other preceptes, & rules, Declensons, & moodes of signification. 1614 J. Brinsley tr. M. Cordier Dialogues xxxiv. 297 B. Why doe wee not pronounce the Genitive case, arboris, the last [syllable] saue one long, as commonly in other Nounes of the same termination? P. Because vse of speaking hath approued it otherwise, for the analogy [gloss. the manner of speaking proportionably to the common rules of Grammar] hath not place euery where. 1638 M. Casaubon Treat. Use & Custome 153 When shee [sc. custom] pleases, she breakes..strictest bonds of best approoved Analogie, and suffers no rule of Grammar to passe without an exception. 1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered 264 There [is]..a particular Grammar analogy in each particular tongue, before it be reduced into rules. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Analogy..in Grammar, the Declining of a Noun, or Conjugating of a Verb, according to its Rule or Standard. 1747 S. Johnson Plan Dict. 17 To our language may be with great justness applied the observation of Quintilian, that speech was not formed by an analogy sent from heaven. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. xviii. 251 In all languages, there are phrases which have a distinct meaning, while at the same time, there may be something in the structure of them that disagrees with the analogy of grammar or with the principles of philosophy. 1816 Encycl. Perthensis (ed. 2) X. 107/1 As to the analogy of grammar, and the simplicity wherewith the moods of verbs are formed, the English has the advantage..over all the known languages in the world. 2007 D. L. Blank tr. Sextus Empiricus in A. F. Christidis Hist. Anc. Greek vii. i. 1122 Now there are two kinds of Hellenism, for one form is divorced from our common usage and seems to proceed according to grammatical analogy, while the other form accords with the usage of each of the Greeks. b. The use of apparent linguistic parallels as a basis for the creation or remodelling of words, inflections, or constructions; spec. (more fully false analogy) a process in which linguistic forms arise or are adapted on the basis of regularities in the forms of parallel examples already in existence, omitting the formative steps through which these models originally arose. ΚΠ 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word) In Matters of Language, we say, new Words are form'd by Analogy. 1844 Pegge's Anecd. Eng. Lang. (ed. 3) 115 He of course left the word ‘fetched’ or ‘fetch’ to its legitimate signification, and accommodated the new verb with a preterit and participle formed by analogy. 1874 R. Morris Hist. Eng. Gram. 95 The th in farther has crept in from false analogy with further. 1879 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1877–9 391 Paul goes on to protest against the epithet ‘false’ analogy, remarking that it is really ‘correct,’ working as it does with unerring psychological instinct. 1884 N.E.D. at Analogy n. The new inflexion bake, baked, baked (instead of the historical bake, book, baken) is due to analogy with such words as rake, raked, raked, etc. When the formative steps are not only absent, but could not have been present, the process is often called False Analogy. 1967 J. H. Sudd Introd. Behaviour Ants viii. 154 Animals which show these variations in behaviour from one to another can be said to show polyethism—a word formed by analogy with polymorphism. 1992 H. Aigner in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 748 The classical example is, of course, software , which was coined in analogy to the much older hardware. 2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Mar. 25/1 The expression ‘Homintern’, formed by analogy with Comintern, was one which Auden had been wanting to get into print for decades. 7. a. Chiefly Philosophy. Correspondence or resemblance between things, as a basis for reasoning or argumentation; (also occasionally) an instance of this. ΚΠ 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. v. 213 Therefore by the example and analogie of one difference of tumours, which are caused thorough defluxion..we will vnderstand also other differences. 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. iv. 21 He hath made out from Example and Analogy. 1750 W. Warburton Julian Introd. p. xxxiii From the teaching Rhetors they learnt the art of reasoning by similitudes and analogies. 1774 A. Gerard Ess. Genius i. v. 105 Whenever any series of events is exhibited to the mind, memory recollects some other part of the course of nature; and if the ordinary analogy be wanting, that series is pronounced unnatural and improbable. a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1879) II. 1040 Analogy denotes an inference or a reasoning or argumentation, whereof an analogy of objects is mainly the cause or ground. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. i. 11 Analogy, however, is not proof, but illustration. 1990 J. D. Barrow Theories of Everything (1991) iii. 42 The analogy between initial conditions for deterministic laws of Nature and axioms for logical structures can be pushed a little further, to reveal an unexpected analogue of chaos and randomicity in axiomatic systems. b. Chiefly Logic. The process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects; the use of parallel cases as a basis for reasoning; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1602 F. Thynne in Wks. Chaucer (new ed.) sig. bj By true Annalogie I rightly find. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. Introd. p. iv Analogy is of weight,..towards determining our Judgment. 1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic II. iii. xx. §1 The word Analogy as the name of a mode of reasoning is generally taken for some kind of argument supposed to be of an inductive nature but not amounting to a complete induction. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1863) 4th Ser. xxx. 231 Analogy is probability from a parallel case. We assume that the same law which operates in the one case will in another, if there be a resemblance between the relations of the things compared. 1905 J. G. Hibben Logic, Deductive & Inductive 151 That special case which..immediately suggests some resemblance to a similar case and thus opens the way for reasoning by analogy. 1941 K. Shridharani My India, my Amer. ix. 258 The earlier Nyaya..leaned heavily upon reasoning by analogy, the weakest type of logical reasoning. 2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 23 Mar. (Business section) 4/1 Human beings are analogy machines..dealing with new information by comparing it to things they already know something about. 8. Zoology and Botany. Resemblance of form or function between parts or characteristics in different organisms, spec. where these are of different evolutionary origin; an instance of this. Cf. homology n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > similarity between different organisms analogy1773 resemblance1838 affinity1840 isomorphism1902 synaposematism1907 1773 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 11 The sounds [sc. air-bladders] of cod and ling bear great analogy with those of the accipenser genus of Linnæus. 1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 55 Linnæus, whose lively imagination was continually employed in endeavours to discover analogies between the animal and vegetable systems, conceived ‘that the pith performed for the plant the same functions as the brain and nerves in animated beings.’ 1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §25 We understand by analogy those cases in which organs have identity of function, but not identity of essence or origin. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 13 Nymphæaceæ... Affinities. With Papaveraceæ, but not close; presents analogies with Hydrocharideæ and Villarsia. 1944 Q. Rev. Biol. 19 232/2 The mechanism of polar capsule formation offered many analogies with that which has been observed by Bedot in the nematoblasts of certain coelenterates. 1955 T. Dobzhansky Evol., Genetics & Man xii. 308 A marsupial ‘mole’ is astonishingly like a ‘real’ placental mole, both in general appearance and in habits. And yet any competent anatomist sees easily that the similarities are due to analogy and not to homology. 2001 S. T. Asma Stuffed Animals & Pickled Heads (2003) i. 26 A homology, like the similarity between my arm and a whale's flipper, is different from an analogy—for example, the similarity between a bird's wing and a butterfly's wing. Phrases P1. by analogy: on the basis of a perceived or supposed correspondence or similarity (with something). ΚΠ 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 130 By analogie or like reason, (as the prophet rebuketh the priestes of the Iewes) he doeth reprehend also the Bishops, Elders, and Deacons of the Church for their negligence. 1669 R. Allestree 18 Serm. xv. 269 Those faculties..will..judge of things removed from all our notices; (such as Spiritual, Infinite, Eternal being is) and do it by principles gathered from the information of our Senses, and by analogy with things of another kind; corporeal finite things that are about us. 1749 Quincy's Pharmacopœia Officinalis (ed. 12) i. ii. xiii. 221/1 Hence, by analogy, other contagious diseases are likewise suspected to be animalcular. 1830 Harmonicon 8 377/1 The music..not having reached us, it is impossible to form a just idea of it, except by analogy with that of their successors. 1909 E. I. Lewis Elements Org. Chem. v. 41 By analogy with the ethyl alcohol reaction we might have expected a substance of the formula CH2. 1970 H. S. Dyer in A. C. Ornstein Accountability for Teachers (1973) iii. 48 A conceptualization that tends, by analogy, to equate the educational process with the type of engineering process that applies to industrial production. 2003 I. J. R. Aitchison & A. J. G. Hey Gauge Theories in Particle Physics I. (ed. 3) ii. 30 He built his theory by analogy with electromagnetism, postulating a new field of force with an associated new field quantum, analogous to the photon. P2. Chiefly Theology and Philosophy. a. analogy of proportion n. (originally) = analogy of attribution n. at Phrases 2b; (in later use also) = analogy of proportionality n. at Phrases 2c. ΚΠ 1670 T. Philipot Antiquitas Theologica & Gentilis i. 39 Tithes..are not only due by a right of assimulation; that is, because they were paid under the Levitical Law, therefore by the Analogy of proportion they are to be paid under the Gospel. ?1790 M. Martindale tr. Glories of Heaven 12 There is infinitely less [proportion] between the perfections of the Deity and the human understanding, there is no analogy of proportion between them. 1874 Month & Catholic Rev. 1 185 The analogy of proportion is the foundation of all metaphorical expressions. 1988 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 49 274 Since the analogy of proportion is modeled on mathematical analogy, they ask whether mathematical analogies do not presuppose univocity. 2008 D. Thorsen Explor. Christian Theol. v. 74 What Aquinas described as the analogy of proportion is often referred to as the analogy of attribution and the analogy of proportionality is referred to as the analogy of proportion. b. analogy of attribution n. the attribution of a quality or property to something which does not intrinsically possess it, based on the relation of that thing to that which does.For example, an animal and medicine can both be called healthy, but only for the animal is it a proper attribute; medicine is called healthy because it can be a cause of good health in the animal. ΚΠ 1675 R. Baxter Two Disputations of Orig. Sin ii. 77 As Accidens is said to be called Ens but by analogy of attribution, as having a less participation of the kind, and yet it is truly Ens: so the original sin of infants is called sin by such an analogy. 1739 ‘Philalethes’ Philos. Diss. Human Knowl. 44 I mean the Logical Analogy of Attribution, not the Mathematical one of Proportion. 1880 Catholic World Feb. 582/2 The analogy of attribution in virtue of which one thing receives a denomination from another which is generically diverse from it, on account of the similarity in the effects of the two analogues, is by no means similar to transcendental analogy. 2006 R. Sokolowski Christian Faith & Human Understanding 59 Analogy of attribution requires not only a primary instance of something, but some sort of causation. c. analogy of proportionality n. analogy in which two things share a common name and the notion expressed by this name is proportionally the same.For example, God's goodness can be understood on an analogy of creaturely goodness: as our goodness is proportional to us so is God's proportional to him. ΚΠ 1906 F. Aveling God of Philos. xiv. 163 We fall back, therefore, upon analogy as an explanation of the manner in which these terms common to both are used of God and of creatures. [Note] E.g., the analogy of proportionality. 1955 Philos. Q. 5 186 He asserts that..analogy of proportionality does not hold a central place in St. Thomas's thought. 2006 R. Attfield Creation, Evol. & Meaning i. 25 In the Analogy of Proportionality..God's goodness and other attributes are held to be related to God's nature in the same manner or ratio as human goodness is to human nature. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
随便看	consistently consistible consisting consisting in consisting of consistometer consistorial consistorially consistorian consistorianly consistorical consistories consistory consistory of saints and martyrs consists consists in consists of consisture consition conskite consobrinal consobrine consocial consociate consociated