excavatev.

Brit.

/ˈɛkskəveɪt/, U.S.

/ˈɛkskəˌveɪt/

Etymology: < Latin excavāt- participial stem of excavāre to hollow out, < ex- out + cavāre , < cavus hollow: see cave n.¹

1. transitive. To make hollow by removing the inside; to make hollow in, to hollow out; to dig out (soil) leaving a hollow. Also, to excavate (something) into: to form into by hollowing.Now chiefly with reference to the removal of earth by digging; the wider use tends to be felt as transferred from this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)]

holec1000

mine?a1425

hollowc1450

cave?1541

raven1560

excave1578

excavate1599

exconcavate1599

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 95/2 Take a sweete and fragrant Apple, excavate the same.

1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 12 Reserve it [Dung] for use in some hard-bottom'd shady place, a little excavated.

1714 W. Derham Physico-theol. (ed. 2) viii. vi. 387 Flat Thecæ, some like Hats, some like Buttons excavated in the middle.

1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 197 [article Engineer] So much per cubic yard according to the nature of the soil to be excavated.

1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. viii. 202 The ground is excavated in a circular shape, so as to make a pit.

1853 C. Dickens Long Voy. in Househ. Words 31 Dec. 410/2 The foot of the cliff is excavated into a cavern.

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 45 Viola tricolor..stigma capitate, excavated. Heartsease or Pansy.

2. To form or make (a hole, channel, etc.) by hollowing out.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.)

delvec825

graveOE

sinkc1358

diga1387

holkc1400

cast1481

to dig up1551

moil1581

effodiate1612

diffode1657

to dig out1748

burrow1831

excavate1839

crow1853

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > form by hollowing out

sink?a1425

to cut out1548

void?1578

cut1634

hollow1648

to work out1774

excavate1839

tunnel1856

1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 233 If a cavity be excavated at this point.

1850 C. Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. (ed. 2) II. 329 One of them began to excavate a hole, and soon entirely disappeared under ground.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ii. 50 The canal..excavated inside the neural arches.

3. To uncover or lay bare by digging; to unearth. Also absol. and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > history [verb (transitive)] > practise archaeology

dig1743

excavate1840

archaeologize1874

the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > by searching or tracking down > and bring to light

to search outc1425

to hunt out1576

unrip?1576

to ferret out1577

to fetch up1608

fish1632

prog1655

rummage1797

rout1814

exhume1819

excavate1840

ferret up1847

unearth1863

fossick?1870

exhumate1881

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 381/1 About a fourth part of the city [Pompeii] along the western side of the walls has been excavated.

1844 tr. M. T. Asmar Mem. Babylonian Princess II. 61 In excavating the tomb, a slab has been left about two feet six inches high.

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. i. 89 A Scotsman..excavated by the labours of the indefatigable Dr. M Crie.

1911 Englishwoman July 87 At the temple of Artemis, where the British School were excavating.

4. To get out by digging.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > dig out or up

delvec1000

upgravea1340

undelve1340

grubc1374

to dig upc1400

to dig outa1425

unearthc1450

sprittle1585

effode1657

to cast up1660

exhume1783

moot1823

excavate1848

lift1883

spud1886

pig-root1890

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig up (object)

upgravea1340

digc1350

to dig upc1400

to dig outa1425

unearthc1450

holk1554

moil1581

sprittle1585

effodicate1599

moot1610

effode1657

to cast up1660

to rough out1834

exter1835

excavate1848

crow1853

stub1927

1848 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine (1879) x. 220 It seems to be as yet unproved opinion that copper was found and excavated in this place.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xl. 363 Pulpaceous material which he had excavated from the ice.

Derivatives

ˈexcavated adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [adjective] > hollowed

caved1426

excavate?a1560

bowelled1589

excavated1599

hollowed1613

cavated1731

hollowed-out1755

gulled1821

scooped1897

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 111/2 An excavatede peece of woode.

1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 130 Striges..are those excavated Channells, by our Workmen call'd Flutings and Groeves.

1712 R. Blackmore Creation v. 258 Deep Caves..Which..wrought with endless Toil, Ran thro' the faithless excavated Soil.

1847 B. Disraeli Tancred III. vi. iii. 168 This opened into a covered and excavated way.

ˈexcavating n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [noun] > making hollow

hollowing1607

excavation1611

excavating1691

1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 124 We come to hollowing or excavating of our Logg.

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. v. ii. 516 The excavating power of the current.

Draft additions 1993

5. intransitive. To dig, make a hole or hollow by digging, esp. in the course of mining, archaeological investigation, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (intransitive)] > dig or excavate

gravea1000

delvec1000

wrootc1325

minec1330

gruba1350

sinkc1358

undermine1382

diga1387

spit1393

to pick upc1400

holk1513

graff1532

pion1643

excavate1843

throw1843

crow1853

spade1869

the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > history [verb (intransitive)] > study or practise archaeology

dig1740

archaeologize1874

excave1884

trial trench1947

excavate1957

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 370/2 The engineers..adopted unusual precautions in the first instance, excavating only nine feet in advance of the brickwork, and supporting the clay by very strong timbering until the arching was complete.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species viii. 228 As soon as this occurred, the bees ceased to excavate.

1940 E. Wilson To Finland Station i. iii. 18 The deeper I have excavated, the more surely I have satisfied myself that the best was underneath, in the obscure depths.

1957 K. M. Kenyon Digging up Jericho 39 The first stages of a dig..start long before one actually gets down to excavating.

1987 Church Times 26 June 11/4 Their last resting-place shattered by bulldozers excavating for the foundations of a new road.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	excavate
释义	excavateadj. Brit. /ˈɛkskəveɪt/, U.S. /ˈɛkskəˌveɪt/ Etymology: < Latin excavātus, < excavāre : see excavate v. Hollowed out. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [adjective] > hollowed caved1426 excavate?a1560 bowelled1589 excavated1599 hollowed1613 cavated1731 hollowed-out1755 gulled1821 scooped1897 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xvii. sig. E iij Water..contained in these Welles, or in any other Regular excauate body. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. iv. sig. Q ij ^v Howe excauate or holowe tymber..is measured. 1848 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Zoophytes (new ed.) 200 Cells excavate, many-rayed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). excavatev. Brit. /ˈɛkskəveɪt/, U.S. /ˈɛkskəˌveɪt/ Etymology: < Latin excavāt- participial stem of excavāre to hollow out, < ex- out + cavāre , < cavus hollow: see cave n.¹ 1. transitive. To make hollow by removing the inside; to make hollow in, to hollow out; to dig out (soil) leaving a hollow. Also, to excavate (something) into: to form into by hollowing.Now chiefly with reference to the removal of earth by digging; the wider use tends to be felt as transferred from this. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] holec1000 mine?a1425 hollowc1450 cave?1541 raven1560 excave1578 excavate1599 exconcavate1599 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 95/2 Take a sweete and fragrant Apple, excavate the same. 1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 12 Reserve it [Dung] for use in some hard-bottom'd shady place, a little excavated. 1714 W. Derham Physico-theol. (ed. 2) viii. vi. 387 Flat Thecæ, some like Hats, some like Buttons excavated in the middle. 1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 197 [article Engineer] So much per cubic yard according to the nature of the soil to be excavated. 1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. viii. 202 The ground is excavated in a circular shape, so as to make a pit. 1853 C. Dickens Long Voy. in Househ. Words 31 Dec. 410/2 The foot of the cliff is excavated into a cavern. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 45 Viola tricolor..stigma capitate, excavated. Heartsease or Pansy. 2. To form or make (a hole, channel, etc.) by hollowing out. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) delvec825 graveOE sinkc1358 diga1387 holkc1400 cast1481 to dig up1551 moil1581 effodiate1612 diffode1657 to dig out1748 burrow1831 excavate1839 crow1853 the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > form by hollowing out sink?a1425 to cut out1548 void?1578 cut1634 hollow1648 to work out1774 excavate1839 tunnel1856 1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 233 If a cavity be excavated at this point. 1850 C. Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. (ed. 2) II. 329 One of them began to excavate a hole, and soon entirely disappeared under ground. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ii. 50 The canal..excavated inside the neural arches. 3. To uncover or lay bare by digging; to unearth. Also absol. and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > history [verb (transitive)] > practise archaeology dig1743 excavate1840 archaeologize1874 the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > by searching or tracking down > and bring to light to search outc1425 to hunt out1576 unrip?1576 to ferret out1577 to fetch up1608 fish1632 prog1655 rummage1797 rout1814 exhume1819 excavate1840 ferret up1847 unearth1863 fossick?1870 exhumate1881 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 381/1 About a fourth part of the city [Pompeii] along the western side of the walls has been excavated. 1844 tr. M. T. Asmar Mem. Babylonian Princess II. 61 In excavating the tomb, a slab has been left about two feet six inches high. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. i. 89 A Scotsman..excavated by the labours of the indefatigable Dr. M Crie. 1911 Englishwoman July 87 At the temple of Artemis, where the British School were excavating. 4. To get out by digging. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > dig out or up delvec1000 upgravea1340 undelve1340 grubc1374 to dig upc1400 to dig outa1425 unearthc1450 sprittle1585 effode1657 to cast up1660 exhume1783 moot1823 excavate1848 lift1883 spud1886 pig-root1890 society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig up (object) upgravea1340 digc1350 to dig upc1400 to dig outa1425 unearthc1450 holk1554 moil1581 sprittle1585 effodicate1599 moot1610 effode1657 to cast up1660 to rough out1834 exter1835 excavate1848 crow1853 stub1927 1848 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine (1879) x. 220 It seems to be as yet unproved opinion that copper was found and excavated in this place. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xl. 363 Pulpaceous material which he had excavated from the ice. Derivatives ˈexcavated adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [adjective] > hollowed caved1426 excavate?a1560 bowelled1589 excavated1599 hollowed1613 cavated1731 hollowed-out1755 gulled1821 scooped1897 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 111/2 An excavatede peece of woode. 1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 130 Striges..are those excavated Channells, by our Workmen call'd Flutings and Groeves. 1712 R. Blackmore Creation v. 258 Deep Caves..Which..wrought with endless Toil, Ran thro' the faithless excavated Soil. 1847 B. Disraeli Tancred III. vi. iii. 168 This opened into a covered and excavated way. ˈexcavating n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [noun] > making hollow hollowing1607 excavation1611 excavating1691 1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 124 We come to hollowing or excavating of our Logg. 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. v. ii. 516 The excavating power of the current. Draft additions 1993 5. intransitive. To dig, make a hole or hollow by digging, esp. in the course of mining, archaeological investigation, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (intransitive)] > dig or excavate gravea1000 delvec1000 wrootc1325 minec1330 gruba1350 sinkc1358 undermine1382 diga1387 spit1393 to pick upc1400 holk1513 graff1532 pion1643 excavate1843 throw1843 crow1853 spade1869 the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > history [verb (intransitive)] > study or practise archaeology dig1740 archaeologize1874 excave1884 trial trench1947 excavate1957 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 370/2 The engineers..adopted unusual precautions in the first instance, excavating only nine feet in advance of the brickwork, and supporting the clay by very strong timbering until the arching was complete. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species viii. 228 As soon as this occurred, the bees ceased to excavate. 1940 E. Wilson To Finland Station i. iii. 18 The deeper I have excavated, the more surely I have satisfied myself that the best was underneath, in the obscure depths. 1957 K. M. Kenyon Digging up Jericho 39 The first stages of a dig..start long before one actually gets down to excavating. 1987 Church Times 26 June 11/4 Their last resting-place shattered by bulldozers excavating for the foundations of a new road. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.?a1560v.1599
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excavateadj.

excavatev.

Derivatives

Draft additions 1993