exarchn.

Brit.

/ˈɛksɑːk/, U.S.

/ˈɛkˌsɑrk/

Forms: Also 1500s exarke.

Etymology: < Latin exarchus, < Greek ἔξαρχος , in classical Greek a leader, chief, < ἐξάρχειν to take the lead, < ἐξ (see ex- prefix²) + ἄρχειν to begin, rule. In the post-classical uses represented by the English word, the prefix was perhaps taken in the sense ‘out, sent out’.

1. Under the Byzantine emperors, the governor of a distant province, as Africa or Italy; in the latter case with title ‘Exarch of Ravenna’. (The title was revived in the Holy Roman Empire: see quot. 1751 at sense 2.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > in Byzantine Empire

exarch1588

catapan1728

1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 44 So did S. Gregory the first moue Genadius the Exarke, to make warres against the heritikes.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 107 Rauenna, where some Emperors haue kept their courts, and after them their Exarches or lieutenants.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The emperor Frederic created Heraclius..Exarch of the whole Kingdom of Burgundy.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xlix. 120 These remote provinces [Italy and Africa] required the presence of a supreme magistrate; he was indifferently styled the exarch or the patrician.

1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics i. 11 Governed by a lieutenant of the Emperor of Constantinople, under the title of exarch of the five cities of Pentapolis.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity I. iii. vii. 454 The Exarch of Ravenna, the representative of the Byzantine empire.

1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 205 The Pope..anointing..Pepin and his two sons..as Patricians of the Romans thus occupying the condition of the Exarch.

2. Ecclesiastical. In the Orthodox Churches, a title originally equivalent to ‘archbishop’, ‘metropolitan’, or ‘patriarch’, which in early use were employed almost indiscriminately. Subsequently, ‘a bishop having charge of a province, and next in rank to a patriarch’ ( Catholic Dict.); also, a legate or deputy of the patriarch, entrusted with some special charge or mission.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > archbishop > [noun] > Orthodox

primatec1275

exarcha1600

a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie vii. xvi, in Wks. (1662) 46 In the Council of Carthage..it was decreed, That the Bishop of the chief Sea should not be entituled the Exarch of Priests.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. ii. 58 Gregorius Hieromonachus, the Patriarchal Exarch from Trapezunt.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) s.v., In 493 Sebas was established exarch, or chief, of all the anchorets within the territory of Jerusalem.

1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power ii. 74 Bishops or clergy should appeal from their metropolitan to the exarch of the Province.

1877 W. Smith & H. Wace Dict. Christian Biogr. I. 288/1 He [Basil of Caesareia] was metropolitan of Cappadocia, and exarch of Pontus.

1884 Arnold-Forster in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 412 The constitution of the Bulgarian Exarch by the Porte in 1870.

Derivatives

eˈxarchal adj. of or pertaining to an exarch.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [adjective] > Byzantine

exarchal1854

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. ix. 204 The exarchal government from the first had only been powerful to tyrannise and feeble to protect.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

exarchadj.

Brit.

/ˈɛksɑːk/, U.S.

/ˈɛkˌsɑrk/

Etymology: < ex- prefix² + Greek ἀρχή beginning, origin.

Botany.

Having the protoxylem adjacent to the pericycle.

ΚΠ

1891 H. E. F. Garnsey tr. H. zu Solms-Laubach Fossil Bot. xi. 257 Had he called..the leaf-strand of Cycadeae mesarch, and that of Isoëtes exarch.., we might..have been spared this misconception.

1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms Exarch, used of vascular bundles in which the whole primary wood is centripetal, almost the same as perixylic.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 413/1 When the protoxylem strands are situated at the periphery of the stele, abutting on the pericycle, as in all roots, and many of the more primitive Pteridophyte stems, the stele is said to be exarch.

1959 A. S. Foster & E. M. Gifford Compar. Morphol. Vascular Plants iii. 46 Xylem differentiation which occurs centripetally..is termed exarch.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	exarch
释义	exarchn. Brit. /ˈɛksɑːk/, U.S. /ˈɛkˌsɑrk/ Forms: Also 1500s exarke. Etymology: < Latin exarchus, < Greek ἔξαρχος , in classical Greek a leader, chief, < ἐξάρχειν to take the lead, < ἐξ (see ex- prefix²) + ἄρχειν to begin, rule. In the post-classical uses represented by the English word, the prefix was perhaps taken in the sense ‘out, sent out’. 1. Under the Byzantine emperors, the governor of a distant province, as Africa or Italy; in the latter case with title ‘Exarch of Ravenna’. (The title was revived in the Holy Roman Empire: see quot. 1751 at sense 2.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > in Byzantine Empire exarch1588 catapan1728 1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 44 So did S. Gregory the first moue Genadius the Exarke, to make warres against the heritikes. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 107 Rauenna, where some Emperors haue kept their courts, and after them their Exarches or lieutenants. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The emperor Frederic created Heraclius..Exarch of the whole Kingdom of Burgundy. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xlix. 120 These remote provinces [Italy and Africa] required the presence of a supreme magistrate; he was indifferently styled the exarch or the patrician. 1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics i. 11 Governed by a lieutenant of the Emperor of Constantinople, under the title of exarch of the five cities of Pentapolis. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity I. iii. vii. 454 The Exarch of Ravenna, the representative of the Byzantine empire. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 205 The Pope..anointing..Pepin and his two sons..as Patricians of the Romans thus occupying the condition of the Exarch. 2. Ecclesiastical. In the Orthodox Churches, a title originally equivalent to ‘archbishop’, ‘metropolitan’, or ‘patriarch’, which in early use were employed almost indiscriminately. Subsequently, ‘a bishop having charge of a province, and next in rank to a patriarch’ ( Catholic Dict.); also, a legate or deputy of the patriarch, entrusted with some special charge or mission. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > archbishop > [noun] > Orthodox primatec1275 exarcha1600 a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie vii. xvi, in Wks. (1662) 46 In the Council of Carthage..it was decreed, That the Bishop of the chief Sea should not be entituled the Exarch of Priests. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. ii. 58 Gregorius Hieromonachus, the Patriarchal Exarch from Trapezunt. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) s.v., In 493 Sebas was established exarch, or chief, of all the anchorets within the territory of Jerusalem. 1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power ii. 74 Bishops or clergy should appeal from their metropolitan to the exarch of the Province. 1877 W. Smith & H. Wace Dict. Christian Biogr. I. 288/1 He [Basil of Caesareia] was metropolitan of Cappadocia, and exarch of Pontus. 1884 Arnold-Forster in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 412 The constitution of the Bulgarian Exarch by the Porte in 1870. Derivatives eˈxarchal adj. of or pertaining to an exarch. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [adjective] > Byzantine exarchal1854 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. ix. 204 The exarchal government from the first had only been powerful to tyrannise and feeble to protect. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022). exarchadj. Brit. /ˈɛksɑːk/, U.S. /ˈɛkˌsɑrk/ Etymology: < ex- prefix² + Greek ἀρχή beginning, origin. Botany. Having the protoxylem adjacent to the pericycle. ΚΠ 1891 H. E. F. Garnsey tr. H. zu Solms-Laubach Fossil Bot. xi. 257 Had he called..the leaf-strand of Cycadeae mesarch, and that of Isoëtes exarch.., we might..have been spared this misconception. 1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms Exarch, used of vascular bundles in which the whole primary wood is centripetal, almost the same as perixylic. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 413/1 When the protoxylem strands are situated at the periphery of the stele, abutting on the pericycle, as in all roots, and many of the more primitive Pteridophyte stems, the stele is said to be exarch. 1959 A. S. Foster & E. M. Gifford Compar. Morphol. Vascular Plants iii. 46 Xylem differentiation which occurs centripetally..is termed exarch. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1588adj.1891
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