existentialismn.

Brit.

/ˌɛɡzᵻˈstɛnʃəlɪz(ə)m/,

/ˌɛɡzᵻˈstɛnʃl̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˌɛɡzəˈstɛn(t)ʃəˌlɪz(ə)m/,

/ˌɛksəˈstɛn(t)ʃəˌlɪz(ə)m/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: existential adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < existential adj. (compare existential adj. 3) + -ism suffix, after German Existentialismus ( W. Moog Logik, Psychologie und Psychologismus (1919) ii. 195). Compare earlier existentialist n., existentialist adj.The origins of the existentialist movement in philosophy, which was developed in the mid 20th century, chiefly in continental Europe, by Jaspers, Sartre, and others, are often traced back to the work of the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (see Kierkegaardian adj. and n.), who frequently used the term Existents-Forhold (1846 or earlier; now eksistensforhold), lit. ‘condition of existence, existential relation’. The term ‘existentialism’ gained widespread currency after being adopted by Sartre, who published a short work, L'existentialisme est un humanisme (‘Existentialism is a Humanism’) in 1946.

1. Psychology (now historical). = structuralism n. 2, structural psychology n. at structural adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychological study of oneself > [noun] > introspective analysis into elements

structural psychology1898

structuralism1907

existentialism1922

1922 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 33 81 My attempt sprang..from a rather desperate desire somehow to bring intentionalism and existentialism together at close quarters.

1929 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 41 480 Existentialism admits the presence of a logical relationship..between sensory material and neural processes.

1943 C. R. Griffith Princ. Systematic Psychol. xii. 438 The argument of existentialism that the qualities of experience, or of the contents of gnomic mind, rather than acts constitute the subject matter of psychology.

1999 J. Rajamanickam Contemp. Fields Psychol. & Exper. ii. 126 One of the systems of psychology was structuralism, founded by Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) in Germany... But his student Edward Titchener (1867–1927) preferred to call it as existentialism.

2. Philosophy. A philosophical movement or approach which focuses on the analysis of human existence and on individual human beings as agents freely determining by their choices what they will become. Also sometimes applied to other philosophies which lay particular stress on existence as distinct from essence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > existentialism > [noun]

existentialism1933

existential philosophya1937

1933 Philos. Rev. 42 32 This theology takes sides against idealism and for ‘existentialism’, in other words, for a philosophy which makes being its starting-point.

1941 J. Kraft in Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 1 345 Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and pragmatism are examples of real or possible starting points of existentialism.

1943 Speculum 18 132 Fundamental to thomistic humanism is St Thomas' existentialism.

1944 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 5 127 Existentialism or existential philosophy..is the extreme attempt to find a meaning in the existence of modern man whose philosophy and science originated in the will to make himself, through knowledge, the master of the world and whose philosophy and science have ended in a complete nihilism.

1957 H. Read Tenth Muse xix. 168 That is existentialist dogma, but it is also the romantic dogma, and existentialism is nowadays the philosophical aspect of romanticism.

1965 Eng. Stud. 46 390 If we define Existentialism as the belief that man is born into an alien..universe..then..Melville must be recognized as America's first existentialist writer.

1984 T. R. Flynn Sartre & Marxist Existentialism i. 13 Presence-to-self is not only the source of freedom in Sartrean existentialism, it is the basis of responsibility as well.

1989 G. A. McCool From Unity to Pluralism viii. 190 Scotus' metaphysics of possible being..is neither the conservative Augustinianism of Bonaventure nor the existentialism of St. Thomas.

2011 Daily Tel. 15 July 33/1 Profoundly affected by existentialism, he decided to ally himself consciously with trends in contemporary European art, rather than with American abstractionism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	existentialism
释义	existentialismn. Brit. /ˌɛɡzᵻˈstɛnʃəlɪz(ə)m/, /ˌɛɡzᵻˈstɛnʃl̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˌɛɡzəˈstɛn(t)ʃəˌlɪz(ə)m/, /ˌɛksəˈstɛn(t)ʃəˌlɪz(ə)m/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: existential adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < existential adj. (compare existential adj. 3) + -ism suffix, after German Existentialismus ( W. Moog Logik, Psychologie und Psychologismus (1919) ii. 195). Compare earlier existentialist n., existentialist adj.The origins of the existentialist movement in philosophy, which was developed in the mid 20th century, chiefly in continental Europe, by Jaspers, Sartre, and others, are often traced back to the work of the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (see Kierkegaardian adj. and n.), who frequently used the term Existents-Forhold (1846 or earlier; now eksistensforhold), lit. ‘condition of existence, existential relation’. The term ‘existentialism’ gained widespread currency after being adopted by Sartre, who published a short work, L'existentialisme est un humanisme (‘Existentialism is a Humanism’) in 1946. 1. Psychology (now historical). = structuralism n. 2, structural psychology n. at structural adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychological study of oneself > [noun] > introspective analysis into elements structural psychology1898 structuralism1907 existentialism1922 1922 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 33 81 My attempt sprang..from a rather desperate desire somehow to bring intentionalism and existentialism together at close quarters. 1929 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 41 480 Existentialism admits the presence of a logical relationship..between sensory material and neural processes. 1943 C. R. Griffith Princ. Systematic Psychol. xii. 438 The argument of existentialism that the qualities of experience, or of the contents of gnomic mind, rather than acts constitute the subject matter of psychology. 1999 J. Rajamanickam Contemp. Fields Psychol. & Exper. ii. 126 One of the systems of psychology was structuralism, founded by Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) in Germany... But his student Edward Titchener (1867–1927) preferred to call it as existentialism. 2. Philosophy. A philosophical movement or approach which focuses on the analysis of human existence and on individual human beings as agents freely determining by their choices what they will become. Also sometimes applied to other philosophies which lay particular stress on existence as distinct from essence. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > existentialism > [noun] existentialism1933 existential philosophya1937 1933 Philos. Rev. 42 32 This theology takes sides against idealism and for ‘existentialism’, in other words, for a philosophy which makes being its starting-point. 1941 J. Kraft in Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 1 345 Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and pragmatism are examples of real or possible starting points of existentialism. 1943 Speculum 18 132 Fundamental to thomistic humanism is St Thomas' existentialism. 1944 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 5 127 Existentialism or existential philosophy..is the extreme attempt to find a meaning in the existence of modern man whose philosophy and science originated in the will to make himself, through knowledge, the master of the world and whose philosophy and science have ended in a complete nihilism. 1957 H. Read Tenth Muse xix. 168 That is existentialist dogma, but it is also the romantic dogma, and existentialism is nowadays the philosophical aspect of romanticism. 1965 Eng. Stud. 46 390 If we define Existentialism as the belief that man is born into an alien..universe..then..Melville must be recognized as America's first existentialist writer. 1984 T. R. Flynn Sartre & Marxist Existentialism i. 13 Presence-to-self is not only the source of freedom in Sartrean existentialism, it is the basis of responsibility as well. 1989 G. A. McCool From Unity to Pluralism viii. 190 Scotus' metaphysics of possible being..is neither the conservative Augustinianism of Bonaventure nor the existentialism of St. Thomas. 2011 Daily Tel. 15 July 33/1 Profoundly affected by existentialism, he decided to ally himself consciously with trends in contemporary European art, rather than with American abstractionism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1922
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