executev.

/ˈɛksɪkjuːt/

Forms: Also Middle English excecute, 1500s exequute, Scottish exsecute.

Etymology: < French exécute-r = Provençal executar, Spanish ejecutar, Italian esecutare, < medieval Latin execūtāre, < Latin ex(s)ecūt- participial stem of ex(s)equī lit. ‘to follow out’, < ex- out + sequī to follow.

I. To follow out into effect, carry out.

a. transitive. To follow out, carry into effect (an intention, purpose, plan, instruction, or command.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect (a command, promise, plan, etc.)

fillOE

fulfilc1300

performc1300

executec1405

to draw in(to) consequencec1420

forthfillc1420

persolve1548

to go through ——a1586

effecta1593

to fill up1600

complete1680

to carry (something) into effect (also execution, practice, etc.)1715

implement1806

to put into effect1936

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 806 The destynee..That executeth..The purueiance, that god hath sey biforn.

c1430 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes 414 To execute the biddyng of the Kyng.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 7 Whan ye thinke eny good thought execute it.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. v. f. 71 Yet durste they at noo tyme execute theyr lordes commaundemente.

1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David civ. 4 To execute his dreadful Will.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. v. 446 The capital of all the individuals of a nation..is capable of executing only certain purposes.

1833 H. Martineau Manch. Strike (new ed.) ix. 97 Large orders, which we have been unable to execute.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) vii. 63 The boy departed to execute his commission.

1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xviii. 16 The regent and his friends imagined measure after measure, which they wanted resolution to execute.

absolute.1606 S. Daniel Funerall Poeme Earle of Devonshyre 211 With courage on he goes; doth exiquute With counsell.1633 J. Ford Broken Heart i. ii. sig. B4 Iudgement commands, But Resolution executes.1703 N. Rowe Ulysses ii. i. 797 When I bid 'em execute, 'tis done.

†b. To give practical effect to (a passion, sentiment, principle). Also, to bring (a weapon) into operation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > practise or carry on [verb (transitive)] > exercise or put into practice (principle or quality)

kithec1330

usec1330

apply1395

execute14..

in urec1420

exercisea1513

to put into (also in) practice1553

reduce1581

to make practice of1623

exsert1665

exert1682

14.. Circumcis. in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 88 Tyrranitis that the bodye slethe..To execute hur venym vp by deth.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 13 To execute his dampnable enuye.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 83 The people..refrayned not..vntill they had executed the full of their malice.

1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. B4 What? maie I not looke vpon my dagger? Speake villaine, or I will execute the pointe on thee.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. vii. 6 In fellest manner execut your armes.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 964 He attempted to execute his Rage and Malice upon him.

c. To carry into effect ministerially (a law, a judicial sentence, etc.). Cf. 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect

deem1393

execute1413

minister1426

administer1443

1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxxiv. 82 The gouernement..shold be admynystred and executed by suche as were of grettest bounte.

1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 41 Whan dew diligence have be shewed by us in executing the saide right.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 213 This iudgement..was..executed before the Castell gate of Bristow.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 10 After their Return, the Duke [Villiers] executed the same Authority in conferring all Favours..and in revenging himself [etc.].

1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. ii. 5 Good Laws should execute themselves in a well regulated State.

1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. II. 487 The only reparation..was the putting Fausta..to death; which was accordingly executed upon her.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. iii. 431 No choice was left to the civil magistrate but to execute the terrible sentence of the law against heretics.

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) 355/1 The messenger..has given the citation, or executed the diligence.

d. To perform or carry out the provisions of (a will).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > bequeath by will [verb (transitive)] > carry out provisions of will

execute1463

administer1502

forthfill1550

administrate1681

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 30 To..se that my wille be executyd trewly.

1641 Termes de La Ley 150 Executor..the person that shall execute his Testament.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) Executor, a person nominated by a testator..to see his will, and testament, executed or performed.

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) 360/1 The acknowledgment of the debts by the defunct in his last will, which it is the duty of the executor to execute.

a. To carry out, perform (an action, operation, movement, etc., that has been planned or prescribed, or that requires skill or care).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)]

lasteOE

ylastc888

wieldeOE

doeOE

dreeOE

forthOE

fremeOE

workOE

affordOE

full-bringc1175

fulfila1225

perfurnisha1325

complishc1374

performc1384

achievea1393

chevisea1400

practic?a1425

exploitc1425

execute1477

furnish1477

through1498

practa1513

enure1549

chare1570

enact1597

act1602

to carry out1608

outcarry1611

celebrate1615

complya1616

peract1621

tide1631

implement1837

the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > something requiring skill or care

celebrate1666

execute1827

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 1 To seke & excecute þ^e werkes..most acceptable to hym.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iii. 20 The kyng anchises lamentit the distructione of the superb troy, exsecutit be the princis of greice.

1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 28 To make John the redyer too execute the worke enioyned vntoo hym.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings x. 30 Thou hast done well in executing that which is right in mine eyes.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 45 Always averse from executing so terrible an Action.

1809 J. Roland Amateur of Fencing 19 To discover what is necessary to execute, at the instant the adversary exposes his body.

1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. ii. 79 The Prince executed a blast with great skill.

1835 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. IV. xxx. 261 Moreau executed a change of front, arranging his army parallel to that of the enemy.

1884 Punch 25 Oct. 195/2 They..execute..a wild dance..as Act-drop descends.

†b. spec. To perform, celebrate (ceremonies, religious service). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > formally

workOE

performc1390

execute1450

solemnize1483

enact1846

stage1924

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > perform rite(s) [verb (transitive)]

workOE

servec1175

usea1250

solemnize1382

exercisea1400

observec1425

solennizec1440

officyc1443

officec1449

execute1450

solemn1483

celebratec1487

solemnizate1538

frequenta1555

to put upa1628

officiate1631

ceremony1635

liturgy1716

1450 Pol., Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 6 Who shall execute y^e fest of solempnite.

c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Jij To ordayne mynysters, to execute seruyce.

1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Gvi^v Not any real and true sacrifice..executed by the priest.

1582 in Bible (Rheims) John vi. (annot.) The Clergie..when they doe not execute or say Masse themselues.

1737 D. Waterland Rev. Doctr. Eucharist 417 Ancient Forms..properly executed..by..venerable Men.

absolute.1546 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. App. A 5 The Bishop of Winchester was appointed to make the sermon: and..to execute.1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation ix. 127 The Abp of Canterbury..who did execute, began the service.

c. To perform acts of (justice, cruelty, vengeance, etc.). archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > execute (justice, vengeance, etc.)

takec1300

dispensea1398

minister1426

administer1443

ministrate1496

execute1530

distributea1616

administrate1649

1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory iii. i. sig. e4^v [God] executyth..good & indyfferent iustyce to..his creatures.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxviii. 286 Iustice cannot be executed, nor any gouernment or authority maintained.

1685 N. Crouch Eng. Empire in Amer. i. 25 Where they executed great severity, as well as in other places.

1821 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 25 332 Lord Clarendon says that all manner of cruelty was executed.

a. Law. To go through the formalities necessary to the validity of (a legal act, e.g. a bequest, agreement, mortgage, etc.). Hence, to complete and give validity to (the instrument by which such act is effected) by performing what the law requires to be done, as by signing, sealing, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > [verb (transitive)] > validate or ratify

confirmc1290

affirma1325

authorize1431

corrobore1485

stable1501–2

find1512

corroborate1530

authenticate1555

warrant1598

validatea1648

convalidate1656

execute1737

enforce1756

homologatea1765

sanction1778

formalize1855

1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 8 My Counsel sends to execute a Deed.

1804 Duke of Wellington in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 434 The proposed treaty of peace..after being attentively perused, was executed by his Highness without the slightest hesitation.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. i. 11 Charles the Fifth executed an instrument by which he ceded to his son the sovereignty of Flanders.

1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking iii. 85 An undertaking to execute a mortgage if called on to do so.

absolute.1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 28 A person may appoint another to be his attorney to execute a deed for him. But, in such a case, it must be executed in the name of the principal.

b. to execute an estate: to convey or confer an estate in property, etc., esp. by some particular operation of law, as under the Statute of Uses. Cf. †to make an estate (estate n. 11b).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > be transferred [verb (intransitive)] > transfer property

release?1462

to execute an estate1536

1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 10 Any person or persons..which shall haue any estate to them executed by authority of this Act.

1629 Vse of Law 68 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light A use may be created and the estate of the land thereupon executed.

1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. iv. § 277. 123 He hath fee simple executed in the same acre.

1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. vii. 290 Which estates could not be executed or transferred from the common law grantee to the beneficiary.

a. To fulfil, discharge (an office, a function). Also, formerly, †To perform the functions of (an official position).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > an office or function

takec1350

execute1387

servea1450

acquitc1460

supply?a1475

discharge1542

undergo1609

fungify1650

sustain1700

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 133 He ordeyned anoþer pope for to execute þe office of holy chirche.

1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 78 A Fee belonging to the Place which he then executed.

a1672 A. Wood Life (1848) 172 Dr. Fell would not suffer him to execute the place of architypographer.

1833 J. H. Newman Lett. & Corr. (1891) I. 343 Places which..none but Maltese deputies can execute.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. viii. 718 The question arose how his office was thenceforth to be executed.

†b. absol. or intransitive. Of a thing: To perform its functions, ‘work’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > be efficacious [verb (intransitive)]

workOE

availa1400

makea1400

prevaila1400

to hit the nail upon (or on) the headc1450

effect1592

serve1593

to tickle it1601

take1611

executea1627

to have force (to do)1713

answer1721

to take place1789

to do the trick1819

to hit (also go to, touch, etc.) the spot1836

produce1881

to press (also push) the button1890

to come through1906

to turn the trick1933

to make a (also the) point1991

a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 74 The cannon against S. Stephens gate executed so well, that in short time the Portcullis and gate were broken.

5. To carry out the design for (a product of art or skill); to produce as an artist or skilled workman; to perform (a musical composition).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > manufacture or produce [verb (transitive)] > as skilled workmen

execute1735

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)]

present1573

module1610

rendera1676

execute1826

1735 J. Price Some Considerations Stone-bridge Thames 10 The Manner of executing the intended Bridge.

1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 146 Etchings..executed in a bold and masterly manner.

1778 Eliza Warwick II. 31 She took in plain linen, and executed a good deal of it.

1804 Ann. Rev. 2 97/2 The translation is wretchedly executed.

1822 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. vi. 192 I saw executed in marble the Mercury and the Hope.

1826 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. vii. 259 An oratorio which he has this winter composed, but which has never yet been executed.

1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church vii. 75 Egbert..executed a Saxon version of the four Gospels.

absolute.1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 32 Every artist..executes in a manner peculiar to himself.1774 Trinket 46 Charlotte did not execute amiss.

II. To do execution upon. [It is not quite clear whether these uses, which occur early in French and medieval Latin, were merely developed < 1c, or whether they partly represent the etymological notion of Latin exsequi ‘to pursue to the end.’]

a. To inflict capital punishment upon; to put to death in pursuance of a sentence. More fully, †to execute to death [= French †exécuter à mort] . †to execute by the head: to behead.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)]

slayc1175

to put to deatha1450

to hang, draw, and quarter1465

strikec1480

execute1483

justify1531

execution1565

scaffold1716

to have or get one's gruel1797

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton B iij b To robbe and to stele wherfore they be hanged or otherwyse executed by Justyse.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxxxvii They were executed by dyuers tourmentes of dethe.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xiij^v Sir Thomas Blonte and all the other prysoners were executed.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ix. xi. 183 First of all Theotecnus him selfe..he executed to death.

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin iv. 233 Hee was executed by the head the day following.

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. vi. 548 Divers of their chieftaines have beene executed to death.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) Pref. sig. A iij No more Beggars in the Streets, nor executed for Thieves, than heretofore.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 133 Prosecuting and Executing those to death, who [etc.].

1847 G. P. R. James Gowrie xlvi Three of the Earl's faithful servants were executed at Perth.

†b. Hence for: To put to death, kill. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 68^v/2 When death hathe done his office, executing all earthelye men.]

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 73 Thou Aumerle didst send two of thy men, To execute the noble Duke at Callice.

†7. To take the body of (a debtor) in execution. (See execution n. 7) Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [verb (transitive)] > arrest debtor

execute1608

1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. C Your brother..lies in bond executed for your debt.

†8. [after French exécuter] To subject (a country) to military execution. (See execution n. 9) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.)

harryc893

fordoc900

awesteeOE

westeeOE

losec950

harrowc1000

destroyc1230

wastec1275

ravishc1325

to lie waste1338

exilea1382

to-wastea1382

unronea1400

desolatea1425

vast1434

fruster?a1513

to lay waste1535

wipe1535

devast1537

depopulate1548

populate1552

forwaste1563

ruinate1564

havoc1575

scourge1576

dispopulate1588

destitute1593

ravage1602

harassa1618

devastate1638

execute1679

to make stroy of1682

to lay in ashes1711

untown1783

hell-rake1830

uncity1850

1679 London Gaz. No. 1393/3 The French..are resolved to exact the Contributions..from the Mayery of Bolduc, and in case they are not paid, to execute the Countrey.

†III. To administer.

9. To deal with as an executor; to administer. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer

steerc888

leadc1175

guyc1330

guidec1374

governa1382

ministera1382

treat1387

administer1395

dispose1398

skift?a1400

warda1400

solicit1429

to deal with1469

handlea1470

execute1483

convoy?a1513

conveyc1515

mayne1520

to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handa1522

keepa1535

administrate1538

solicitate1547

to dispose of1573

manure1583

carry1600

manage1609

negotiate1619

conduct1632

to carry on1638

mesnage1654

nurse1745

work1841

operate1850

run1857

stage-manage1906

ramrod1920

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 352/3 Late euery executour be ware that he execute well the goodes of them that they haue charge of.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	execute
释义	† executeadj. Forms: Also Middle English–1600s execut(t, 1500s Scottish exsecut. Etymology: < Latin execūtus, past participle of exequī : see execute v. Obsolete. = executed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > [adjective] > executed or performed doneOE fulfilled1340 executec1374 performedc1400 accomplete?c1450 conveyed?1504 executed1592 worked1669 enacted1813 transact1854 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 622 (Camp. MS.) But execut was al byside here leue At the goddes wyl. c1430 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes 255 Wher the domys and plees of the toun weren execut. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 1 The actis that ȝour prudens, garris daly be exsecut. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 16^v Heir we..Be this our letter, Excecute and Indorsat dewlie. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. ii. §168. 75 The estate taile shall bee execute in the Donee. 1682 London Gaz. No. 1682/1 The said Archibald Earl of Argile to be Execute to the Death. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 6 This act..was oftimes severely Execute. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021). executev. /ˈɛksɪkjuːt/ Forms: Also Middle English excecute, 1500s exequute, Scottish exsecute. Etymology: < French exécute-r = Provençal executar, Spanish ejecutar, Italian esecutare, < medieval Latin execūtāre, < Latin ex(s)ecūt- participial stem of ex(s)equī lit. ‘to follow out’, < ex- out + sequī to follow. I. To follow out into effect, carry out. 1. a. transitive. To follow out, carry into effect (an intention, purpose, plan, instruction, or command.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect (a command, promise, plan, etc.) fillOE fulfilc1300 performc1300 executec1405 to draw in(to) consequencec1420 forthfillc1420 persolve1548 to go through ——a1586 effecta1593 to fill up1600 complete1680 to carry (something) into effect (also execution, practice, etc.)1715 implement1806 to put into effect1936 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 806 The destynee..That executeth..The purueiance, that god hath sey biforn. c1430 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes 414 To execute the biddyng of the Kyng. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 7 Whan ye thinke eny good thought execute it. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. v. f. 71 Yet durste they at noo tyme execute theyr lordes commaundemente. 1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David civ. 4 To execute his dreadful Will. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. v. 446 The capital of all the individuals of a nation..is capable of executing only certain purposes. View more context for this quotation 1833 H. Martineau Manch. Strike (new ed.) ix. 97 Large orders, which we have been unable to execute. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) vii. 63 The boy departed to execute his commission. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xviii. 16 The regent and his friends imagined measure after measure, which they wanted resolution to execute. absolute.1606 S. Daniel Funerall Poeme Earle of Devonshyre 211 With courage on he goes; doth exiquute With counsell.1633 J. Ford Broken Heart i. ii. sig. B4 Iudgement commands, But Resolution executes.1703 N. Rowe Ulysses ii. i. 797 When I bid 'em execute, 'tis done. †b. To give practical effect to (a passion, sentiment, principle). Also, to bring (a weapon) into operation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > practise or carry on [verb (transitive)] > exercise or put into practice (principle or quality) kithec1330 usec1330 apply1395 execute14.. in urec1420 exercisea1513 to put into (also in) practice1553 reduce1581 to make practice of1623 exsert1665 exert1682 14.. Circumcis. in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 88 Tyrranitis that the bodye slethe..To execute hur venym vp by deth. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 13 To execute his dampnable enuye. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 83 The people..refrayned not..vntill they had executed the full of their malice. 1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. B4 What? maie I not looke vpon my dagger? Speake villaine, or I will execute the pointe on thee. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. vii. 6 In fellest manner execut your armes. View more context for this quotation 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 964 He attempted to execute his Rage and Malice upon him. c. To carry into effect ministerially (a law, a judicial sentence, etc.). Cf. 6. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect deem1393 execute1413 minister1426 administer1443 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxxiv. 82 The gouernement..shold be admynystred and executed by suche as were of grettest bounte. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 41 Whan dew diligence have be shewed by us in executing the saide right. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 213 This iudgement..was..executed before the Castell gate of Bristow. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 10 After their Return, the Duke [Villiers] executed the same Authority in conferring all Favours..and in revenging himself [etc.]. 1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. ii. 5 Good Laws should execute themselves in a well regulated State. 1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. II. 487 The only reparation..was the putting Fausta..to death; which was accordingly executed upon her. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. iii. 431 No choice was left to the civil magistrate but to execute the terrible sentence of the law against heretics. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) 355/1 The messenger..has given the citation, or executed the diligence. d. To perform or carry out the provisions of (a will). ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > bequeath by will [verb (transitive)] > carry out provisions of will execute1463 administer1502 forthfill1550 administrate1681 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 30 To..se that my wille be executyd trewly. 1641 Termes de La Ley 150 Executor..the person that shall execute his Testament. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) Executor, a person nominated by a testator..to see his will, and testament, executed or performed. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) 360/1 The acknowledgment of the debts by the defunct in his last will, which it is the duty of the executor to execute. 2. a. To carry out, perform (an action, operation, movement, etc., that has been planned or prescribed, or that requires skill or care). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] lasteOE ylastc888 wieldeOE doeOE dreeOE forthOE fremeOE workOE affordOE full-bringc1175 fulfila1225 perfurnisha1325 complishc1374 performc1384 achievea1393 chevisea1400 practic?a1425 exploitc1425 execute1477 furnish1477 through1498 practa1513 enure1549 chare1570 enact1597 act1602 to carry out1608 outcarry1611 celebrate1615 complya1616 peract1621 tide1631 implement1837 the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > something requiring skill or care celebrate1666 execute1827 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 1 To seke & excecute þ^e werkes..most acceptable to hym. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iii. 20 The kyng anchises lamentit the distructione of the superb troy, exsecutit be the princis of greice. 1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 28 To make John the redyer too execute the worke enioyned vntoo hym. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings x. 30 Thou hast done well in executing that which is right in mine eyes. View more context for this quotation 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 45 Always averse from executing so terrible an Action. 1809 J. Roland Amateur of Fencing 19 To discover what is necessary to execute, at the instant the adversary exposes his body. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. ii. 79 The Prince executed a blast with great skill. 1835 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. IV. xxx. 261 Moreau executed a change of front, arranging his army parallel to that of the enemy. 1884 Punch 25 Oct. 195/2 They..execute..a wild dance..as Act-drop descends. †b. spec. To perform, celebrate (ceremonies, religious service). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > formally workOE performc1390 execute1450 solemnize1483 enact1846 stage1924 society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > perform rite(s) [verb (transitive)] workOE servec1175 usea1250 solemnize1382 exercisea1400 observec1425 solennizec1440 officyc1443 officec1449 execute1450 solemn1483 celebratec1487 solemnizate1538 frequenta1555 to put upa1628 officiate1631 ceremony1635 liturgy1716 1450 Pol., Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 6 Who shall execute y^e fest of solempnite. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Jij To ordayne mynysters, to execute seruyce. 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Gvi^v Not any real and true sacrifice..executed by the priest. 1582 in Bible (Rheims) John vi. (annot.) The Clergie..when they doe not execute or say Masse themselues. 1737 D. Waterland Rev. Doctr. Eucharist 417 Ancient Forms..properly executed..by..venerable Men. absolute.1546 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. App. A 5 The Bishop of Winchester was appointed to make the sermon: and..to execute.1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation ix. 127 The Abp of Canterbury..who did execute, began the service. c. To perform acts of (justice, cruelty, vengeance, etc.). archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > execute (justice, vengeance, etc.) takec1300 dispensea1398 minister1426 administer1443 ministrate1496 execute1530 distributea1616 administrate1649 1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory iii. i. sig. e4^v [God] executyth..good & indyfferent iustyce to..his creatures. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxviii. 286 Iustice cannot be executed, nor any gouernment or authority maintained. 1685 N. Crouch Eng. Empire in Amer. i. 25 Where they executed great severity, as well as in other places. 1821 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 25 332 Lord Clarendon says that all manner of cruelty was executed. 3. a. Law. To go through the formalities necessary to the validity of (a legal act, e.g. a bequest, agreement, mortgage, etc.). Hence, to complete and give validity to (the instrument by which such act is effected) by performing what the law requires to be done, as by signing, sealing, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [verb (transitive)] > validate or ratify confirmc1290 affirma1325 authorize1431 corrobore1485 stable1501–2 find1512 corroborate1530 authenticate1555 warrant1598 validatea1648 convalidate1656 execute1737 enforce1756 homologatea1765 sanction1778 formalize1855 1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 8 My Counsel sends to execute a Deed. 1804 Duke of Wellington in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 434 The proposed treaty of peace..after being attentively perused, was executed by his Highness without the slightest hesitation. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. i. 11 Charles the Fifth executed an instrument by which he ceded to his son the sovereignty of Flanders. 1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking iii. 85 An undertaking to execute a mortgage if called on to do so. absolute.1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 28 A person may appoint another to be his attorney to execute a deed for him. But, in such a case, it must be executed in the name of the principal. b. to execute an estate: to convey or confer an estate in property, etc., esp. by some particular operation of law, as under the Statute of Uses. Cf. †to make an estate (estate n. 11b). ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > be transferred [verb (intransitive)] > transfer property release?1462 to execute an estate1536 1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 10 Any person or persons..which shall haue any estate to them executed by authority of this Act. 1629 Vse of Law 68 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light A use may be created and the estate of the land thereupon executed. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. iv. § 277. 123 He hath fee simple executed in the same acre. 1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. vii. 290 Which estates could not be executed or transferred from the common law grantee to the beneficiary. 4. a. To fulfil, discharge (an office, a function). Also, formerly, †To perform the functions of (an official position). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > an office or function takec1350 execute1387 servea1450 acquitc1460 supply?a1475 discharge1542 undergo1609 fungify1650 sustain1700 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 133 He ordeyned anoþer pope for to execute þe office of holy chirche. 1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 78 A Fee belonging to the Place which he then executed. a1672 A. Wood Life (1848) 172 Dr. Fell would not suffer him to execute the place of architypographer. 1833 J. H. Newman Lett. & Corr. (1891) I. 343 Places which..none but Maltese deputies can execute. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. viii. 718 The question arose how his office was thenceforth to be executed. †b. absol. or intransitive. Of a thing: To perform its functions, ‘work’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > be efficacious [verb (intransitive)] workOE availa1400 makea1400 prevaila1400 to hit the nail upon (or on) the headc1450 effect1592 serve1593 to tickle it1601 take1611 executea1627 to have force (to do)1713 answer1721 to take place1789 to do the trick1819 to hit (also go to, touch, etc.) the spot1836 produce1881 to press (also push) the button1890 to come through1906 to turn the trick1933 to make a (also the) point1991 a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 74 The cannon against S. Stephens gate executed so well, that in short time the Portcullis and gate were broken. 5. To carry out the design for (a product of art or skill); to produce as an artist or skilled workman; to perform (a musical composition). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > manufacture or produce [verb (transitive)] > as skilled workmen execute1735 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] present1573 module1610 rendera1676 execute1826 1735 J. Price Some Considerations Stone-bridge Thames 10 The Manner of executing the intended Bridge. 1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 146 Etchings..executed in a bold and masterly manner. 1778 Eliza Warwick II. 31 She took in plain linen, and executed a good deal of it. 1804 Ann. Rev. 2 97/2 The translation is wretchedly executed. 1822 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. vi. 192 I saw executed in marble the Mercury and the Hope. 1826 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. vii. 259 An oratorio which he has this winter composed, but which has never yet been executed. 1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church vii. 75 Egbert..executed a Saxon version of the four Gospels. absolute.1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 32 Every artist..executes in a manner peculiar to himself.1774 Trinket 46 Charlotte did not execute amiss. II. To do execution upon. [It is not quite clear whether these uses, which occur early in French and medieval Latin, were merely developed < 1c, or whether they partly represent the etymological notion of Latin exsequi ‘to pursue to the end.’] 6. a. To inflict capital punishment upon; to put to death in pursuance of a sentence. More fully, †to execute to death [= French †exécuter à mort] . †to execute by the head: to behead. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)] slayc1175 to put to deatha1450 to hang, draw, and quarter1465 strikec1480 execute1483 justify1531 execution1565 scaffold1716 to have or get one's gruel1797 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton B iij b To robbe and to stele wherfore they be hanged or otherwyse executed by Justyse. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxxxvii They were executed by dyuers tourmentes of dethe. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xiij^v Sir Thomas Blonte and all the other prysoners were executed. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ix. xi. 183 First of all Theotecnus him selfe..he executed to death. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin iv. 233 Hee was executed by the head the day following. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. vi. 548 Divers of their chieftaines have beene executed to death. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) Pref. sig. A iij No more Beggars in the Streets, nor executed for Thieves, than heretofore. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 133 Prosecuting and Executing those to death, who [etc.]. 1847 G. P. R. James Gowrie xlvi Three of the Earl's faithful servants were executed at Perth. †b. Hence for: To put to death, kill. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 68^v/2 When death hathe done his office, executing all earthelye men.] 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 73 Thou Aumerle didst send two of thy men, To execute the noble Duke at Callice. †7. To take the body of (a debtor) in execution. (See execution n. 7) Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [verb (transitive)] > arrest debtor execute1608 1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. C Your brother..lies in bond executed for your debt. †8. [after French exécuter] To subject (a country) to military execution. (See execution n. 9) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.) harryc893 fordoc900 awesteeOE westeeOE losec950 harrowc1000 destroyc1230 wastec1275 ravishc1325 to lie waste1338 exilea1382 to-wastea1382 unronea1400 desolatea1425 vast1434 fruster?a1513 to lay waste1535 wipe1535 devast1537 depopulate1548 populate1552 forwaste1563 ruinate1564 havoc1575 scourge1576 dispopulate1588 destitute1593 ravage1602 harassa1618 devastate1638 execute1679 to make stroy of1682 to lay in ashes1711 untown1783 hell-rake1830 uncity1850 1679 London Gaz. No. 1393/3 The French..are resolved to exact the Contributions..from the Mayery of Bolduc, and in case they are not paid, to execute the Countrey. †III. To administer. 9. To deal with as an executor; to administer. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer steerc888 leadc1175 guyc1330 guidec1374 governa1382 ministera1382 treat1387 administer1395 dispose1398 skift?a1400 warda1400 solicit1429 to deal with1469 handlea1470 execute1483 convoy?a1513 conveyc1515 mayne1520 to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handa1522 keepa1535 administrate1538 solicitate1547 to dispose of1573 manure1583 carry1600 manage1609 negotiate1619 conduct1632 to carry on1638 mesnage1654 nurse1745 work1841 operate1850 run1857 stage-manage1906 ramrod1920 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 352/3 Late euery executour be ware that he execute well the goodes of them that they haue charge of. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1374v.1387
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† executeadj.

executev.