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单词 evaporation
释义

evaporationn.

/ɪˌvapəˈreɪʃən/
Forms: Also Middle English evaporacion, 1600s evaperation.
Etymology: < French évaporation, < Latin ēvapōrātiōn-em , noun of action < ēvapōrāre : see evaporate v.
1.
a. The action or process of conversion into vapour; the action of passing off in vapour; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > becoming or making into gas > [noun] > becoming or making into vapour > evaporation
evaporationa1398
exhalation1398
consumptiona1400
vapouring1548
transpiration1562
divaporation1617
exhalinga1618
expiration1626
exhalement1646
perspiration1652
transpiring1670
aerification1790
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. vii. 832 Quiksiluer passeþ out by euaporacioun in seþing and in smokyng.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxxxii. 622 The oile also [is] kept the better from euaporation.
1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 48 The great evaporation that took place soon after the creation, as soon as the solids began to crystallize.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxi. 401 By evaporation water is carried up into the air.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. ii. 33 Cold is produced during evaporation.
1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §110 Evaporation, where a liquid is converted into a gas quietly, and without the formation of bubbles.
b. figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > [noun] > vanishing or disappearing
vanishingc1405
vading1570
disparition1597
disappearing1610
disparence1617
disappearance1625
discharge1626
evaporating1630
evanishing1633
vanish1650
disapparition1657
evanescency1664
evanescence1751
mizzle1789
evanitiona1797
evanishment1797
evaporation1824
occultation1825
vanishment1831
furling1836
disappearing trick1870
disappearing act1884
fade-away1911
fade-out1924
1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI ix. 65 The evaporation of a joyous day Is like the last glass of champagne.
1852 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 380 It cannot be imposed upon the agent by a third party without the instant evaporation of all its savour.
2. The action or process of driving off the liquid part of a substance in the form of vapour, by means of heat; an instance of the same.
ΚΠ
1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 32/2 The Solution..would part with its Salts but very sparingly, without Evaporation.
1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 652 These alternate filtrations and evaporations.
1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 23 When obtained by evaporation from alcohol [Bilin] reddens litmus paper.
1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 277 The most simple method of evaporation..is to place the liquid in a pan or vessel immediately over a fire.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 945 [Sugar] The next process in sugar-refining is the evaporation of the clarified syrup to the granulating or crystallising point.
3. The action or process
a. of exhaling moisture.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > moisture or humidity > [noun] > action or process of exhaling
evaporation1551
evaporating1630
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [noun] > emission > emission by exuding
oozinga1398
sweating1545
evaporation1551
exudation1617
evaporating1630
exuding1849
1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. O iijv If it [Daucus] be layde wythout it wyll greatly dryue furth by euaporation.
1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech. (1682) i. 184 The great Evaporation I have observed even in Winter, of Fruits.
1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 186 The use of a tin box..for the purpose of restraining the evaporation of plants.
1887 H. M. Ward tr. J. von Sachs Lect. Physiol. Plants iii. xxv. 227 Evaporation takes place through the leaves.
b. of emitting (breath, fire, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [noun] > emission
deliverancea1398
puttinga1398
voidinga1425
effusionc1477
vent?1507
evaporation1555
delivery1588
extramission1613
extromission1615
ejaculation1625
emissiona1626
discharge1653
disclusion1656
voidance1672
emitting1693
spout1771
evolution1783
emanation1822
1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 357v Euen in the sea are seene euaporations of fyre.
1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 124 The best way..is to let the good men chide a while hartily together..so necessarie are these evaporations to the minds of the multitude.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxi. 161 The fuligenous exhalations wanting evaporation recoyle upon the flame and choake it. View more context for this quotation
1754 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 137. ⁋4 To reckon the hours laid out in these compositions as..suffered to fume away in useless evaporations.
c. of perspiring insensibly. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > [noun]
sweatingc1275
sweatc1400
resudation1578
perspiration1583
through-breathing1585
sudation1599
evaporation1626
diaphoresis1681
transpiration1707
sudorification1708
desudation1728
sudoresis1834
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §968 So in Pestilent Feauers, the Intention is to expell the Infection by Sweat, and Euapouration.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Evaporation..In Physick, a discharging of Humours through the Pores of the Body.
1721–1800 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict.
4. concrete. The product of the evaporating process; exhalation, fumes; the amount evaporated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > becoming or making into gas > [noun] > becoming or making into vapour > evaporation > that which is evaporated
evaporation1541
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 35 b Pollio prolonged his lyfe certayne dayes with the evaporation of honye.
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 151 Such heates..doe proceed out of the spirits only, either niterous or sulphurus, lifted up into euaporations.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 57 The best Glasses..would not represent to me, the evaporations of Camphire.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 125 Evaporations are at some times greater, according to the greater heat of the Sun.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 245 The nocturnal emanations of leaves, and continual evaporations of flowers and of fruits, do not diminish in quality in winter..only in quantity.
1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) vii. 290 The lake, with the..mist of its own evaporations floating over its surface.
figurative.1606 True Relation Proc. at Arraignm. Late Traitors 20 This letter should prove to be nothing but the evaporation of an idle brain.1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 49 The vain evaporations of his discontentment.
5. Medical treatment by means of vapour; concrete vapour, a vapour-bath. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by gas, air, or fumes > [noun] > exposure to fumes or vapour
fumigationc1400
suffumigation1422
subjugation?a1425
evaporation1583
suffume1656
vapour-bathing1766
bath1771
1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) sig. F v Euaporatio is when the diseased membre is holden in ye hote vapour of some decoctyon.]
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. lxii. 157 If the euill be waxed old, you must vse suffumigations, and euaporations made of aromatique things.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 424 Good it is to apply spunges to those accidents and infirmities of the body which require euaperation.
6. attributive, as evaporation-gage.
ΚΠ
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Evaporation-gage, a graduated glass measure..to determine the ratio of evaporation in a given exposure.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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