exactadj.¹

Brit.

/ᵻɡˈzakt/,

/ɛɡˈzakt/, U.S.

/ɪɡˈzæk(t)/,

/ɛɡˈzæk(t)/

Etymology: < Latin exactus, past participle of exigĕre : see exact v.The Latin adjective has the senses (1) ‘highly finished, consummate’, from the verb in the sense ‘to complete, bring to perfection’, and (2) ‘accurate, precise’, from the verb in the sense ‘to calculate precisely’. See exact v.

I. Perfected, consummate, ‘finished’.

†1. Of qualities, conditions, attainments, etc.: Consummate, finished, refined, perfect. Rarely in bad sense. Obsolete.Expressions like ‘exact taste’ have a mixed notion of sense 5b, to which the later instances should perhaps be referred.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > [adjective] > completed

fullfremedOE

fulfilled1340

accomplished?1526

consummatea1527

perfected1552

consummated1565

fined1571

finished1582

full-summed1588

exact1633

completed1661

teleiotic1705

complete1731

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > perfect and complete

accomplisheda1460

complete1526

qualified1592

consummate1603

exact1633

finished1710

1633 G. Herbert Providence in Temple viii We all acknowledge both thy power and love To be exact, transcendent, and divine.

a1659 F. Osborne Queries Epist. (1673) S s iv b The imployment of Children in their exactest Innocencie, being to make Houses and raise Pies of Dirt.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B2^v The hearing is most exact in the hare.

1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 123 They..pursued..their Redeemer with..exact Bitterness.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. iii. ii. 184/2 Certain Indians, whose exacter Education he was desirous of.

1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 203 Every Feature so exact and uniform..that I was amaz'd.

1727 J. Swift Let. to very Young Lady in Misc. II. 327 A man..of an excellent understanding, and an exact taste.

†2. Of persons: Highly skilled, accomplished, (in taste) refined. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > expert, proficient, or versed

wiseOE

perfectc1350

expertc1374

pertc1390

complete1526

flesh-bred1548

exact1589

proficienta1593

traded1609

well (better, best) verseda1610

made-upa1616

thorough-paceda1628

elementeda1661

peevish1673

adept1698

finished1710

nap1862

1589 R. Hakluyt tr. J. Bale in Princ. Navigations i. 14 Baldwine a Deuonshire man..was a very eloquent man, an exact Philosopher.

a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Queene of Corinth i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaaa2^v/1 A Lady of your youth..a most exact Lady, may doe all this Out of a vertuous love.

a1655 R. Robinson Christ All (1656) 80 Christ, he is as exact in all spiritual diseases as he is in any disease.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1017 Eve, now I see thou art exact of taste.

1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvi. 275 Two sew'rs..Exact of taste.

†3. Of material objects: Highly wrought, elaborate. Of buildings, etc.: Well-designed. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [adjective] > artistically executed or ornamented

wrought1455

elaborated1596

conceited1598

elaborate1621

wroughted1656

exact1667

high-wrought1684

inextricable1692

worked1696

fancied1709

high-finished1744

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 477 Smallest Lineaments exact In all the Liveries dect of Summers pride.

c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 89 A very Exact house and gardens.

II. Precise, rigorous, accurate.

4. Of law and its administration, rules, order, procedure, etc.: Admitting of no deviation, precise, rigorous. †Of diet: Strictly regulated.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > strict or severe (of rules, judgement, or discipline)

strongeOE

starkc1175

sharpa1340

strait1390

unrelaxed1508

exacta1538

severe1562

strict1578

weightya1616

stringent1846

ramrod1850

medieval1917

tough1961

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 36 Hyt was not possybul sodeynly, by exacte law & pollycy to bryng such a rude multytude to perfayt cyvylyte.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. ii. 50 Obserueth in working a most exact order or lawe.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 355 The Patient..may protract a miserable Life with an exact thin Diet of Whey, Broths, [etc].

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 296 Here there is the exactest Uniformity.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iii. 414 The troops were kept in such exact discipline, that the people..remained in their houses.

1858 R. W. Emerson Eloquence in Atlantic Monthly Sept. 397/1 Eloquence..rests on laws the most exact and determinate.

a. Of actions, processes, investigations, knowledge, etc.: Accurate in detail, strict, rigorous.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > strict, rigorous

just1490

nicea1522

point-devicea1529

exact1533

narrow1551

rigorousa1564

point-vice1574

curious1614

rigid?1626

hard1690

strict1749

deadly1909

1533 T. More Apol. i, in Wks. 845/2 Suche exacte cyrcumspeccion..to be by me vsed in my wryting.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 6^v There nedeth..an exacter diligence.

1603 King James VI & I in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 244. III. 81 How waire judgis should be in trusting accusations withoute an exacte tryall.

1658 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 324 That Tho. Johnson and Rob^t Chilton doe take an exact veiw of all the leads about the church.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. i. 549 Folding it with the exactest care.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 15 He gave her..an exact acquaintance with every part of elegant literature.

1857 C. Dickens Let. 13 July (1995) VIII. 376 I shall act upon it in the most exact manner.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 337 [Boyle] was the first who instituted exact experiments into the relation between colour and heat.

b. Of persons or their faculties: Characterized by accuracy of knowledge, observation, statement, workmanship, conduct, etc. Of a judge, etc.: Strict, rigorous.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > [adjective] > correct in procedure, operation, etc.

just?1556

curiousa1592

exact1597

punctual1620

correct1705

1597 F. Bacon Ess. f. 1^v Reading maketh a full man, conference a readye man, and writing an exacte man.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) ii. ii. 153 Call me before th'exactest Auditors, And set me on the proofe.

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (cxliii. 2 Paraphr.) 690 To appear with hope or comfort before thine exact tribunal.

1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) v. 148 Mezeray is the exacter Writer.

1708 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth (ed. 2) i. 34 I..have followed, our most exact Observer Mr. Flamsteed.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxi. 439 The bow perusing with exactest eye.

1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 646 Then Pope, as harmony itself exact..Gave Virtue and Morality a grace.

1849 M. Arnold Strayed Reveller, & Other Poems 59 I..Am the exacter labourer.

1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. xlvii. 2 The poorer citizens..were more exact in obedience and discipline.

6. Of ideas, images, representations, expressions, descriptions, resemblances, etc.: Perfectly corresponding, strictly correct, precise, accurate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective]

rightOE

namely?c1225

lealc1330

very1338

truec1400

justc1425

exquisite1541

precise?a1560

jump1581

accuratea1599

nice1600

refined1607

punctual1608

press?1611

square1632

exact1645

unerring1665

proper1694

correct1705

pointed1724

prig1776

precisivea1805

as right as a trivet1835

spot on1936

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [adjective] > qualities of

natural1581

well-observed1620

exact1645

well-treated1663

nature-painting1748

idealized1810

life-size1813

life-sized1834

lifelike1836

likely1840

realistic1943

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 63 The visible and exactest figure of lonelines it selfe.

1667 A. Cowley To Royal Soc. iv, in T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. sig. B2 Who to the life an exact Piece would make.

1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 400 This book contains as the most ancient, so the most exact story of the world.

1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty iii. 19 The exact similarity of the two halves of the face.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 79 It is not easy to give an exact translation of this passage.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 178 Such a one is able to form in his own mind an exact idea of order.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. vii. 168 It was some time before they [shouts] were in exact response to their own.

1881 E. B. Tylor Anthropol. v. 133 Man's efforts to get easier, fuller, and exacter expression for his thoughts.

a. Of a calculated result, a quantity or quantitative relation, a position, figure, date, etc.: Precise as opposed to approximate. Also with defining word: That is precisely what is designated; = ‘(the) precise’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > of calculated result

evena1400

justc1400

mathematical1604

exacta1616

mathematic1664

strict1791

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. vi. 62 The merit of seruice is sildome attributed to the true and exact performer.

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 56 in Sylva The Cutting and the Pruning, were perform'd in such and such an exact minute of the Moon.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. iii. 25 The pupil, under all its different dimensions, retains its exact circular shape.

1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 205 When the given surd contains no exact power, it is already in its most simple terms.

1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) iv. 32 Not following the exact law of gravity.

1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing 6 The exact value of particular remedies..is by no means ascertained.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vii. 50 The exact appearance of a mountain of cast copper.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 7 At the instant of reaching its greatest height, or in other words at exact noon.

a1891 Mod. These are his exact words. A is an exact multiple of B.

b. Calculus. exact differential, a linear differential function of two or more variables that is equal to the total differential of some function of those variables. Also exact (differential) equation (see quot. 1959).

ΚΠ

1825 D. Lardner Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus ii. xvii. 284 As there are many differentials of two variables which are not exact differentials, so also there are many differential equations which are not the immediate differentials of any primitive equation.

1877 B. Williamson Elem. Treat. Integral Calculus (ed. 3) vi. 143 Condition that Pdx + Qdy shall be a total Differential.—This implies that Pdx + Qdy should be the exact differential of some function of x and y.

1920 H. T. H. Piaggio Elem. Treat. Differential Equations ii. 12 The expression ydx + xdy is an exact differential. Thus the equation ydx + xdy = o..is called an exact equation.

1958 Van Nostrand's Sci. Encycl. (ed. 3) 511/1 Suppose that an integrating factor, v exists so that vL(u)dx is an exact differential.

1959 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. (ed. 2) 116/1 Exact differential equation, a differential equation which is obtained by setting the total differential of some function equal to zero.

8. Of methods, instruments of research, language, etc.: Characterized by precision, not admitting of vagueness or uncertainty. exact sciences n. those which admit of absolute precision in their results; esp. the mathematical sciences.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > of tools, materials, etc.: accurate

truec1392

just?1556

precise1561

finea1566

delicate1581

nicea1628

exact1665

sensible1678

sensitive1820

precision1875

pin-sharp1933

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 37 Having no instruments exact enough.

1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum Pref Perfect Knowledge of the exactest way of the Practical part of this Art.

1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting II. ii. 44 The exactest arts of building ships..were not unknown to him.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §7. 22 No spoken language has yet been found exact enough to express the highest generalisations.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. i. i. 3 All who have studied an exact science must have experienced the formidable difficulties which elementary chapters invariably present.

1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 3 The exact sciences constituted the preponderant discipline.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 26 Of the creative arts..we may make two classes—the less exact and the more exact.

†9. As adv. = exactly adv. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adverb] > of calculated result

exactly1658

exact1677

1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra iii. xvii. 130 In seeming exact suiting Scripture suggested.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 190 Guide his Foot the firmer, and exacter.

1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §11 Nature..works of her self a great deal better and exacter than we can direct her.

1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 8 There's a Rehearsal, Sir, exact at One.

a1800 W. Cowper Yardley-Oak in W. Hayley Life & Posthumous Writings Cowper (1804) III. 410 Two lobes protruding pair'd exact.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† exactadj.²

Etymology: ? < Latin exactus, past participle of exigĕre : see exact v.

Obsolete. rare.

Drawn forth by descent, descended.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective]

descendantc1429

branchedc1475

originala1500

descended1565

descending1594

originary1594

exact1596

prognatec1600

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxii. 269 Of noble Parentage and rich was Mandeuil exact.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

exactv.

Brit.

/ᵻɡˈzakt/,

/ɛɡˈzakt/, U.S.

/ɪɡˈzæk(t)/,

/ɛɡˈzæk(t)/

Etymology: < Latin exact- participial stem of exigĕre, < ex out + agĕre to drive. The lit. sense is thus ‘to drive or force out’; hence the various derivative senses ‘to demand, require’; ‘to try, weigh accurately’; ‘to complete, bring to perfection’; with other significations not retained in the English derivative.

a. transitive. To demand and enforce the payment of (fees, money, taxes, tolls, penalties, etc.); to extort. Const. from, of, †on, †upon.

ΚΠ

1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys i. f. xviii The freres quarterage, whych he sayd that they exacte of euery houshold.

1531 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 102 The Mayre..and Burgesses..exact apon them..tolls.

1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 359 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xcv Too reyse his Rent alas it neadethe not, Or fyne texacte for teanure of the same.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxviii. 164 Where a Law exacteth a Pecuniary Mulct.

1661 A. Marvell Let. 15 June in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 29 In it [the Patent] none of those fees or summs exacted are specifyd.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 4 They take occasion to exact from Passengers..arbitrary..sums.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. i. vi. 27 Flatterers..exact the same Taxes on all below them, which they themselves pay to all above them.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits ii. 38 This seafaring people..exacted toll..from the ships of all other peoples.

†b. To require or enforce the surrender of (an object). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)]

atbraidOE

benimOE

fornimOE

to reach upOE

reaveOE

bilacchea1325

to take away1372

stealc1374

privea1387

beneme1387

reach?a1400

deprivec1400

subduce1434

embezzle1469

pluckc1475

fortakea1500

raima1500

devest1538

rig1573

imbolish1592

exact1660

drain1673

1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iii. 39 His books burnt.., after that they had been diligently exacted of all that had any of them.

c. loosely. To inflict (vengeance). Const. against, from.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > take or execute revenge [verb (intransitive)]

wreakc825

to do, have, nim (= take), ta, or take wrake (of, on, or upon)?a900

to do (also take) wrack (on one)12..

to do, have, make, nim, seek, and esp. take wrechec1200

to take (also nim) vengeance1297

wrakea1300

to perform, seek, spend, work, and esp. take (…) wreakc1330

vengec1400

revengec1485

avenge1535

hevenc1540

resent1612

exact1858

1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xii. 3 The revenge which he would one day exact against his uncle.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §2. 65 The King angrily bade him exact vengeance from the town.

†d. With personal object. To extort money, etc. from; to oppress with exactions. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)]

ransom?a1425

to poll and pill1528

exact1534

bloodsuck?1541

extort1561

rack1576

flay1584

shave1606

wire-draw1616

punisha1626

sponge1631

squeeze1639

screwa1643

to screw up1655

bleed1680

torture1687

to screw down1725

to shake down1872

to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918

to bleed white1935

rent1956

1534 Act 26 Hen. VIII c. 6. §2 The officers..unlawfully exacted the Kinges subiectes.

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iii. lxxxix. 85 The poore concussed State Shall euer be exacted for supplyes.

2. To require by force or with authority the performance of (duty, labour, etc.), the concession of (anything desired); to insist upon. Const. from, of; in early use sometimes with clause or infinitive as object.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > make more strict or severe [verb (transitive)] > exact too much from

exact1564

to put upon ——1857

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to perform or adhere to

hold971

tiec1200

exact1564

enforce1647

confine1651

straiten1652

to tie down1692

to nail down1859

1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xvi. f. 81 The common people..importunately exacted to haue all dettes clerely released.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 97 The courtesie which I exact of you.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C2 Let my breath exact, You strike sad Tones vnto this dismall act.

1638 R. West in Jonsonus Virb. 56 Thou exact'st our best houres industrie.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 175 All the Wealth is almost in their Hands, whereof an Account is exacted.

1690 J. Norris Christian Blessedness 146 'Twas too perfect to be severely exacted in that Infant Age.

1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. iii. 95 Christ came to exact Obedience from every Creature.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 235 Ever since the reign of Elizabeth the oath of supremacy had been exacted from members of the House of Commons.

1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 39 Labor exacted with stripes.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 91 William exacted strict attendance at divine service from all his company.

3. Of circumstances, conditions, dignities, etc.: To render becoming, desirable, necessary, or unavoidable; to call for, demand, require. Const. from, of, rarely with direct personal object and infinitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] > require or demand

askOE

willa1225

requirec1425

crave1576

desire1577

exact1592

solicit1592

wish1600

postulate1605

expect1615

to look after ——a1616

seek1656

demand1748

1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §56. C ij b Then followeth the drawing of such Instruments in forme..as the qualitie of the fact or contract exacteth.

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 27 The crowne exacteth of us reuerence.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. ii. sig. D^v Our state exactes, Our subiects not alone to beare, but praise our acts.

1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal ii. 12 The place you fill, has more than amply exacted the Talents of a wary Pilot.

1680 R. Boyle Sceptical Chymist (new ed.) v. 289 I must withhold my Beleef..till their Experiments exact it.

1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 18 Their gray hairs exact of us a particular respect.

1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxii. 71 No form of friendship under the sun had a right to exact such a concession.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxi. 423 The scurvy exacts a comfortable temperature and a drying one.

†4. intransitive. To practise exactions, impose contributions. Const. on, upon. Also in indirect passive.

ΚΠ

c1591 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 78 Gevinge to the nobilitie..vnjuste..libertie to exact on the baser sorte of people.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lxxxix. 22 The enemie shall not exact vpon him.

a1619 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1621) 35 He was again informed..how he exacted upon the Normans.

1679 in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 276 Others were exacted upon in what they bought.

1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland ii. 87 Inn-keepers think they have a right to exact upon Strangers.

1729 J. Swift Modest Proposal 14 To Cheat and Exact upon us in the Price, the Measure, and the Goodness.

5. transitive. In etymological sense: To force out, extract. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by force, effort, or contrivance

to draw outOE

outdrawlOE

drawc1300

win out1362

out-wina1425

windc1535

extract1628

exact1647

exforcipatea1834

to winkle out1942

1647 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre (ed. 3) ii. xliv. 103 It passeth my Chymistrie to exact any agreement herein out of the contrariety of writers.

1674 Govt. Tongue vi. §23. 130 We do like witches with their magical chymistry, exact all the venom.

1883 R. Bridges Prometheus 4 He next withdrew The seeds of fire, that else had still lain hid In..the blue flakes of flint For man to exact & use.

6. In various occasional uses:

†a. To interpret rigorously (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)] > strictly

exact1646

1646 J. Gregory Notes & Observ. v. 27 This [Matt. ii. 12] is a Strange Phrase, if it should be exacted by our manner of expressing.

†b. To render exact, finish, perfect (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)]

complec1315

accomplish1524

consummate1530

sphere?1615

complete1667

exact1669

1669 I. Barrow Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 67 I have tore out some leaves..which I shall send you somewhat more exacted.

c. nonce-use (after Latin exigere). To produce (a work of art).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [verb (transitive)] > produce work of art

exact1870

1870 J. Ruskin Lect. Art (1875) iii. 70 I think the ‘Dunciad’ is the most absolutely chiselled and monumental work ‘exacted’ in our country.

7. Law. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [verb (transitive)] > summon or issue summons against

cravec1000

summonc1300

summonda1400

convenec1425

cite1438

accitec1475

process1493

convent1538

convent1548

ascite1563

clepe and call1597

exact1607

sist1641

summons1659

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Dd2^v/2 This writ..seemeth to be called an Exigent: because it exacteth the party, that is, requireth his expearance or forthcomming, to answer the lawe.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 283 A writ of exigent or exigi facias..which requires the sheriff to cause the defendant to be proclaimed, required, or exacted, in five county courts successively, to render himself;..if he does not appear, he shall then be outlawed.

in extended use.1858 T. J. Hogg Life Shelley I. 289 Shelley..ought to have been exacted five times..before the outrageous sentence of outlawry was passed against him.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

adj.¹1533

adj.²1596

v.1529

单词	exact
释义	exactadj.¹ Brit. /ᵻɡˈzakt/, /ɛɡˈzakt/, U.S. /ɪɡˈzæk(t)/, /ɛɡˈzæk(t)/ Etymology: < Latin exactus, past participle of exigĕre : see exact v.The Latin adjective has the senses (1) ‘highly finished, consummate’, from the verb in the sense ‘to complete, bring to perfection’, and (2) ‘accurate, precise’, from the verb in the sense ‘to calculate precisely’. See exact v. I. Perfected, consummate, ‘finished’. †1. Of qualities, conditions, attainments, etc.: Consummate, finished, refined, perfect. Rarely in bad sense. Obsolete.Expressions like ‘exact taste’ have a mixed notion of sense 5b, to which the later instances should perhaps be referred. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > [adjective] > completed fullfremedOE fulfilled1340 accomplished?1526 consummatea1527 perfected1552 consummated1565 fined1571 finished1582 full-summed1588 exact1633 completed1661 teleiotic1705 complete1731 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > perfect and complete accomplisheda1460 complete1526 qualified1592 consummate1603 exact1633 finished1710 1633 G. Herbert Providence in Temple viii We all acknowledge both thy power and love To be exact, transcendent, and divine. a1659 F. Osborne Queries Epist. (1673) S s iv b The imployment of Children in their exactest Innocencie, being to make Houses and raise Pies of Dirt. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B2^v The hearing is most exact in the hare. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 123 They..pursued..their Redeemer with..exact Bitterness. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. iii. ii. 184/2 Certain Indians, whose exacter Education he was desirous of. 1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 203 Every Feature so exact and uniform..that I was amaz'd. 1727 J. Swift Let. to very Young Lady in Misc. II. 327 A man..of an excellent understanding, and an exact taste. †2. Of persons: Highly skilled, accomplished, (in taste) refined. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > expert, proficient, or versed wiseOE perfectc1350 expertc1374 pertc1390 complete1526 flesh-bred1548 exact1589 proficienta1593 traded1609 well (better, best) verseda1610 made-upa1616 thorough-paceda1628 elementeda1661 peevish1673 adept1698 finished1710 nap1862 1589 R. Hakluyt tr. J. Bale in Princ. Navigations i. 14 Baldwine a Deuonshire man..was a very eloquent man, an exact Philosopher. a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Queene of Corinth i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaaa2^v/1 A Lady of your youth..a most exact Lady, may doe all this Out of a vertuous love. a1655 R. Robinson Christ All (1656) 80 Christ, he is as exact in all spiritual diseases as he is in any disease. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1017 Eve, now I see thou art exact of taste. View more context for this quotation 1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvi. 275 Two sew'rs..Exact of taste. †3. Of material objects: Highly wrought, elaborate. Of buildings, etc.: Well-designed. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [adjective] > artistically executed or ornamented wrought1455 elaborated1596 conceited1598 elaborate1621 wroughted1656 exact1667 high-wrought1684 inextricable1692 worked1696 fancied1709 high-finished1744 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 477 Smallest Lineaments exact In all the Liveries dect of Summers pride. View more context for this quotation c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 89 A very Exact house and gardens. II. Precise, rigorous, accurate. 4. Of law and its administration, rules, order, procedure, etc.: Admitting of no deviation, precise, rigorous. †Of diet: Strictly regulated. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > strict or severe (of rules, judgement, or discipline) strongeOE starkc1175 sharpa1340 strait1390 unrelaxed1508 exacta1538 severe1562 strict1578 weightya1616 stringent1846 ramrod1850 medieval1917 tough1961 a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 36 Hyt was not possybul sodeynly, by exacte law & pollycy to bryng such a rude multytude to perfayt cyvylyte. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. ii. 50 Obserueth in working a most exact order or lawe. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 355 The Patient..may protract a miserable Life with an exact thin Diet of Whey, Broths, [etc]. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 296 Here there is the exactest Uniformity. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iii. 414 The troops were kept in such exact discipline, that the people..remained in their houses. 1858 R. W. Emerson Eloquence in Atlantic Monthly Sept. 397/1 Eloquence..rests on laws the most exact and determinate. 5. a. Of actions, processes, investigations, knowledge, etc.: Accurate in detail, strict, rigorous. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > strict, rigorous just1490 nicea1522 point-devicea1529 exact1533 narrow1551 rigorousa1564 point-vice1574 curious1614 rigid?1626 hard1690 strict1749 deadly1909 1533 T. More Apol. i, in Wks. 845/2 Suche exacte cyrcumspeccion..to be by me vsed in my wryting. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 6^v There nedeth..an exacter diligence. 1603 King James VI & I in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 244. III. 81 How waire judgis should be in trusting accusations withoute an exacte tryall. 1658 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 324 That Tho. Johnson and Rob^t Chilton doe take an exact veiw of all the leads about the church. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. i. 549 Folding it with the exactest care. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 15 He gave her..an exact acquaintance with every part of elegant literature. 1857 C. Dickens Let. 13 July (1995) VIII. 376 I shall act upon it in the most exact manner. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 337 [Boyle] was the first who instituted exact experiments into the relation between colour and heat. b. Of persons or their faculties: Characterized by accuracy of knowledge, observation, statement, workmanship, conduct, etc. Of a judge, etc.: Strict, rigorous. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > [adjective] > correct in procedure, operation, etc. just?1556 curiousa1592 exact1597 punctual1620 correct1705 1597 F. Bacon Ess. f. 1^v Reading maketh a full man, conference a readye man, and writing an exacte man. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) ii. ii. 153 Call me before th'exactest Auditors, And set me on the proofe. View more context for this quotation 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (cxliii. 2 Paraphr.) 690 To appear with hope or comfort before thine exact tribunal. 1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) v. 148 Mezeray is the exacter Writer. 1708 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth (ed. 2) i. 34 I..have followed, our most exact Observer Mr. Flamsteed. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxi. 439 The bow perusing with exactest eye. 1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 646 Then Pope, as harmony itself exact..Gave Virtue and Morality a grace. 1849 M. Arnold Strayed Reveller, & Other Poems 59 I..Am the exacter labourer. 1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. xlvii. 2 The poorer citizens..were more exact in obedience and discipline. 6. Of ideas, images, representations, expressions, descriptions, resemblances, etc.: Perfectly corresponding, strictly correct, precise, accurate. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] rightOE namely?c1225 lealc1330 very1338 truec1400 justc1425 exquisite1541 precise?a1560 jump1581 accuratea1599 nice1600 refined1607 punctual1608 press?1611 square1632 exact1645 unerring1665 proper1694 correct1705 pointed1724 prig1776 precisivea1805 as right as a trivet1835 spot on1936 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [adjective] > qualities of natural1581 well-observed1620 exact1645 well-treated1663 nature-painting1748 idealized1810 life-size1813 life-sized1834 lifelike1836 likely1840 realistic1943 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 63 The visible and exactest figure of lonelines it selfe. 1667 A. Cowley To Royal Soc. iv, in T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. sig. B2 Who to the life an exact Piece would make. 1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 400 This book contains as the most ancient, so the most exact story of the world. 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty iii. 19 The exact similarity of the two halves of the face. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 79 It is not easy to give an exact translation of this passage. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 178 Such a one is able to form in his own mind an exact idea of order. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. vii. 168 It was some time before they [shouts] were in exact response to their own. 1881 E. B. Tylor Anthropol. v. 133 Man's efforts to get easier, fuller, and exacter expression for his thoughts. 7. a. Of a calculated result, a quantity or quantitative relation, a position, figure, date, etc.: Precise as opposed to approximate. Also with defining word: That is precisely what is designated; = ‘(the) precise’. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > of calculated result evena1400 justc1400 mathematical1604 exacta1616 mathematic1664 strict1791 a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. vi. 62 The merit of seruice is sildome attributed to the true and exact performer. View more context for this quotation 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 56 in Sylva The Cutting and the Pruning, were perform'd in such and such an exact minute of the Moon. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. iii. 25 The pupil, under all its different dimensions, retains its exact circular shape. 1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 205 When the given surd contains no exact power, it is already in its most simple terms. 1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) iv. 32 Not following the exact law of gravity. 1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing 6 The exact value of particular remedies..is by no means ascertained. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vii. 50 The exact appearance of a mountain of cast copper. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 7 At the instant of reaching its greatest height, or in other words at exact noon. a1891 Mod. These are his exact words. A is an exact multiple of B. b. Calculus. exact differential, a linear differential function of two or more variables that is equal to the total differential of some function of those variables. Also exact (differential) equation (see quot. 1959). ΚΠ 1825 D. Lardner Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus ii. xvii. 284 As there are many differentials of two variables which are not exact differentials, so also there are many differential equations which are not the immediate differentials of any primitive equation. 1877 B. Williamson Elem. Treat. Integral Calculus (ed. 3) vi. 143 Condition that Pdx + Qdy shall be a total Differential.—This implies that Pdx + Qdy should be the exact differential of some function of x and y. 1920 H. T. H. Piaggio Elem. Treat. Differential Equations ii. 12 The expression ydx + xdy is an exact differential. Thus the equation ydx + xdy = o..is called an exact equation. 1958 Van Nostrand's Sci. Encycl. (ed. 3) 511/1 Suppose that an integrating factor, v exists so that vL(u)dx is an exact differential. 1959 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. (ed. 2) 116/1 Exact differential equation, a differential equation which is obtained by setting the total differential of some function equal to zero. 8. Of methods, instruments of research, language, etc.: Characterized by precision, not admitting of vagueness or uncertainty. exact sciences n. those which admit of absolute precision in their results; esp. the mathematical sciences. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adjective] > of tools, materials, etc.: accurate truec1392 just?1556 precise1561 finea1566 delicate1581 nicea1628 exact1665 sensible1678 sensitive1820 precision1875 pin-sharp1933 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 37 Having no instruments exact enough. 1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum Pref Perfect Knowledge of the exactest way of the Practical part of this Art. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting II. ii. 44 The exactest arts of building ships..were not unknown to him. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §7. 22 No spoken language has yet been found exact enough to express the highest generalisations. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. i. i. 3 All who have studied an exact science must have experienced the formidable difficulties which elementary chapters invariably present. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 3 The exact sciences constituted the preponderant discipline. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 26 Of the creative arts..we may make two classes—the less exact and the more exact. †9. As adv. = exactly adv. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > [adverb] > of calculated result exactly1658 exact1677 1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra iii. xvii. 130 In seeming exact suiting Scripture suggested. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 190 Guide his Foot the firmer, and exacter. 1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §11 Nature..works of her self a great deal better and exacter than we can direct her. 1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 8 There's a Rehearsal, Sir, exact at One. a1800 W. Cowper Yardley-Oak in W. Hayley Life & Posthumous Writings Cowper (1804) III. 410 Two lobes protruding pair'd exact. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † exactadj.² Etymology: ? < Latin exactus, past participle of exigĕre : see exact v. Obsolete. rare. Drawn forth by descent, descended. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective] descendantc1429 branchedc1475 originala1500 descended1565 descending1594 originary1594 exact1596 prognatec1600 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxii. 269 Of noble Parentage and rich was Mandeuil exact. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021). exactv. Brit. /ᵻɡˈzakt/, /ɛɡˈzakt/, U.S. /ɪɡˈzæk(t)/, /ɛɡˈzæk(t)/ Etymology: < Latin exact- participial stem of exigĕre, < ex out + agĕre to drive. The lit. sense is thus ‘to drive or force out’; hence the various derivative senses ‘to demand, require’; ‘to try, weigh accurately’; ‘to complete, bring to perfection’; with other significations not retained in the English derivative. 1. a. transitive. To demand and enforce the payment of (fees, money, taxes, tolls, penalties, etc.); to extort. Const. from, of, †on, †upon. ΚΠ 1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys i. f. xviii The freres quarterage, whych he sayd that they exacte of euery houshold. 1531 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 102 The Mayre..and Burgesses..exact apon them..tolls. 1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 359 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xcv Too reyse his Rent alas it neadethe not, Or fyne texacte for teanure of the same. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxviii. 164 Where a Law exacteth a Pecuniary Mulct. 1661 A. Marvell Let. 15 June in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 29 In it [the Patent] none of those fees or summs exacted are specifyd. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 4 They take occasion to exact from Passengers..arbitrary..sums. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. i. vi. 27 Flatterers..exact the same Taxes on all below them, which they themselves pay to all above them. View more context for this quotation 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits ii. 38 This seafaring people..exacted toll..from the ships of all other peoples. †b. To require or enforce the surrender of (an object). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] atbraidOE benimOE fornimOE to reach upOE reaveOE bilacchea1325 to take away1372 stealc1374 privea1387 beneme1387 reach?a1400 deprivec1400 subduce1434 embezzle1469 pluckc1475 fortakea1500 raima1500 devest1538 rig1573 imbolish1592 exact1660 drain1673 1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iii. 39 His books burnt.., after that they had been diligently exacted of all that had any of them. c. loosely. To inflict (vengeance). Const. against, from. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > take or execute revenge [verb (intransitive)] wreakc825 to do, have, nim (= take), ta, or take wrake (of, on, or upon)?a900 to do (also take) wrack (on one)12.. to do, have, make, nim, seek, and esp. take wrechec1200 to take (also nim) vengeance1297 wrakea1300 to perform, seek, spend, work, and esp. take (…) wreakc1330 visita1382 vengec1400 revengec1485 avenge1535 hevenc1540 resent1612 exact1858 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xii. 3 The revenge which he would one day exact against his uncle. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §2. 65 The King angrily bade him exact vengeance from the town. †d. With personal object. To extort money, etc. from; to oppress with exactions. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)] ransom?a1425 to poll and pill1528 exact1534 bloodsuck?1541 extort1561 rack1576 flay1584 shave1606 wire-draw1616 punisha1626 sponge1631 squeeze1639 screwa1643 to screw up1655 bleed1680 torture1687 to screw down1725 to shake down1872 to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918 to bleed white1935 rent1956 1534 Act 26 Hen. VIII c. 6. §2 The officers..unlawfully exacted the Kinges subiectes. 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iii. lxxxix. 85 The poore concussed State Shall euer be exacted for supplyes. 2. To require by force or with authority the performance of (duty, labour, etc.), the concession of (anything desired); to insist upon. Const. from, of; in early use sometimes with clause or infinitive as object. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > make more strict or severe [verb (transitive)] > exact too much from exact1564 to put upon ——1857 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to perform or adhere to hold971 tiec1200 exact1564 enforce1647 confine1651 straiten1652 to tie down1692 to nail down1859 1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xvi. f. 81 The common people..importunately exacted to haue all dettes clerely released. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 97 The courtesie which I exact of you. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C2 Let my breath exact, You strike sad Tones vnto this dismall act. 1638 R. West in Jonsonus Virb. 56 Thou exact'st our best houres industrie. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 175 All the Wealth is almost in their Hands, whereof an Account is exacted. 1690 J. Norris Christian Blessedness 146 'Twas too perfect to be severely exacted in that Infant Age. 1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. iii. 95 Christ came to exact Obedience from every Creature. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 235 Ever since the reign of Elizabeth the oath of supremacy had been exacted from members of the House of Commons. 1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 39 Labor exacted with stripes. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 91 William exacted strict attendance at divine service from all his company. 3. Of circumstances, conditions, dignities, etc.: To render becoming, desirable, necessary, or unavoidable; to call for, demand, require. Const. from, of, rarely with direct personal object and infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] > require or demand askOE willa1225 requirec1425 crave1576 desire1577 exact1592 solicit1592 wish1600 postulate1605 expect1615 to look after ——a1616 seek1656 demand1748 1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §56. C ij b Then followeth the drawing of such Instruments in forme..as the qualitie of the fact or contract exacteth. 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 27 The crowne exacteth of us reuerence. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. ii. sig. D^v Our state exactes, Our subiects not alone to beare, but praise our acts. 1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal ii. 12 The place you fill, has more than amply exacted the Talents of a wary Pilot. 1680 R. Boyle Sceptical Chymist (new ed.) v. 289 I must withhold my Beleef..till their Experiments exact it. 1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 18 Their gray hairs exact of us a particular respect. 1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxii. 71 No form of friendship under the sun had a right to exact such a concession. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxi. 423 The scurvy exacts a comfortable temperature and a drying one. †4. intransitive. To practise exactions, impose contributions. Const. on, upon. Also in indirect passive. ΚΠ c1591 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 78 Gevinge to the nobilitie..vnjuste..libertie to exact on the baser sorte of people. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lxxxix. 22 The enemie shall not exact vpon him. View more context for this quotation a1619 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1621) 35 He was again informed..how he exacted upon the Normans. 1679 in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 276 Others were exacted upon in what they bought. 1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland ii. 87 Inn-keepers think they have a right to exact upon Strangers. 1729 J. Swift Modest Proposal 14 To Cheat and Exact upon us in the Price, the Measure, and the Goodness. 5. transitive. In etymological sense: To force out, extract. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > by force, effort, or contrivance to draw outOE outdrawlOE drawc1300 win out1362 out-wina1425 windc1535 extract1628 exact1647 exforcipatea1834 to winkle out1942 1647 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre (ed. 3) ii. xliv. 103 It passeth my Chymistrie to exact any agreement herein out of the contrariety of writers. 1674 Govt. Tongue vi. §23. 130 We do like witches with their magical chymistry, exact all the venom. 1883 R. Bridges Prometheus 4 He next withdrew The seeds of fire, that else had still lain hid In..the blue flakes of flint For man to exact & use. 6. In various occasional uses: †a. To interpret rigorously (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > interpret [verb (transitive)] > strictly exact1646 1646 J. Gregory Notes & Observ. v. 27 This [Matt. ii. 12] is a Strange Phrase, if it should be exacted by our manner of expressing. †b. To render exact, finish, perfect (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] complec1315 accomplish1524 consummate1530 sphere?1615 complete1667 exact1669 1669 I. Barrow Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 67 I have tore out some leaves..which I shall send you somewhat more exacted. c. nonce-use (after Latin exigere). To produce (a work of art). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [verb (transitive)] > produce work of art exact1870 1870 J. Ruskin Lect. Art (1875) iii. 70 I think the ‘Dunciad’ is the most absolutely chiselled and monumental work ‘exacted’ in our country. 7. Law. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [verb (transitive)] > summon or issue summons against cravec1000 summonc1300 summonda1400 convenec1425 cite1438 accitec1475 process1493 convent1538 convent1548 ascite1563 clepe and call1597 exact1607 sist1641 summons1659 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Dd2^v/2 This writ..seemeth to be called an Exigent: because it exacteth the party, that is, requireth his expearance or forthcomming, to answer the lawe. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 283 A writ of exigent or exigi facias..which requires the sheriff to cause the defendant to be proclaimed, required, or exacted, in five county courts successively, to render himself;..if he does not appear, he shall then be outlawed. in extended use.1858 T. J. Hogg Life Shelley I. 289 Shelley..ought to have been exacted five times..before the outrageous sentence of outlawry was passed against him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.¹1533adj.²1596v.1529
随便看	special agreement special air service special area special bail special bailiff special bastard special bastardy special branch special buyer special care baby unit special care unit special case special character spekbooms speke spelaean spelch speld spelded spelder speldered spelderer speldering spelders spelding

exactadj.1

† exactadj.2

exactv.

exactadj.¹

† exactadj.²