-ylsuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

(a) Formerly occasionally -ule, a terminal element of chemical terms, < German -yl, < Greek ὕλη wood, matter, substance (see hyle n.), used for ‘chemical principle, radical’. It was introduced by Wöhler and Liebig ( Ann. der Pharm. (1832) III. 262), and first used by them in the term benzoyl; other early names were éthyle (éthule), élayle (Berzelius), dadyle, peucyle, citronyle, citryle (Blanchet and Sell). Some fifteen in anglicized form, including acetyl, amyl, cinnamyl, glyceryl, salicyl, appear in the Elements of Chemistry by T. Graham, 1842, who also invented the general term basyle for a body which unites with oxygen to form a base. Methyl is peculiar in being a back-formation from methylene.

-yl is used in forming the names of radicals compounded of two or three elements in various atomic proportions, which behave in combination like simple elements and are the constant bases of series of compounds (though they may not be themselves obtainable in a free state). Thus carbonyl CO, hydroxyl HO, sulphuryl SO₂, are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur respectively. The greater number are compounds of carbon and hydrogen, either alone, as amyl, ethyl, deutyl, trityl, or with oxygen, as acetyl, lactyl. (b) Now also in more formal use in Organic Chemistry.

1952 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 5075 Rule 58.5. Radicals derived from amino-acids which have trivial names in ine by removal of OH from all CH(NH₂)·CO₂H and related groups will be named by replacing the ending ine with yl.

1965 Recommended Names for Chemicals used in Industry (B.S.I.) 11 Univalent radicals derived from cycloalkanes with no side chain are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the hydrocarbon name by ‘-yl’.

1966 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 2) 67 Univalent radicals derived from heterocyclic compounds by removal of hydrogen from a ring are in principle named by adding ‘yl’ to the names of the parent compounds... The following exceptions are retained: furyl, [etc.].

1971 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) A. 5 Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the name of the hydrocarbon by ‘-yl’.

1971 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) B. 70 Univalent heterocyclic radicals whose names end in ‘-yl’.

1971 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) C. 128 Radicals derived from unsubstituted ring assemblies are named by adding ‘-yl’,..etc., to the name of the assembly.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	-yl
释义	-ylsuffix Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. (a) Formerly occasionally -ule, a terminal element of chemical terms, < German -yl, < Greek ὕλη wood, matter, substance (see hyle n.), used for ‘chemical principle, radical’. It was introduced by Wöhler and Liebig ( Ann. der Pharm. (1832) III. 262), and first used by them in the term benzoyl; other early names were éthyle (éthule), élayle (Berzelius), dadyle, peucyle, citronyle, citryle (Blanchet and Sell). Some fifteen in anglicized form, including acetyl, amyl, cinnamyl, glyceryl, salicyl, appear in the Elements of Chemistry by T. Graham, 1842, who also invented the general term basyle for a body which unites with oxygen to form a base. Methyl is peculiar in being a back-formation from methylene. -yl is used in forming the names of radicals compounded of two or three elements in various atomic proportions, which behave in combination like simple elements and are the constant bases of series of compounds (though they may not be themselves obtainable in a free state). Thus carbonyl CO, hydroxyl HO, sulphuryl SO₂, are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur respectively. The greater number are compounds of carbon and hydrogen, either alone, as amyl, ethyl, deutyl, trityl, or with oxygen, as acetyl, lactyl. (b) Now also in more formal use in Organic Chemistry. Π 1952 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 5075 Rule 58.5. Radicals derived from amino-acids which have trivial names in ine by removal of OH from all CH(NH₂)·CO₂H and related groups will be named by replacing the ending ine with yl. 1965 Recommended Names for Chemicals used in Industry (B.S.I.) 11 Univalent radicals derived from cycloalkanes with no side chain are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the hydrocarbon name by ‘-yl’. 1966 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 2) 67 Univalent radicals derived from heterocyclic compounds by removal of hydrogen from a ring are in principle named by adding ‘yl’ to the names of the parent compounds... The following exceptions are retained: furyl, [etc.]. 1971 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) A. 5 Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the name of the hydrocarbon by ‘-yl’. 1971 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) B. 70 Univalent heterocyclic radicals whose names end in ‘-yl’. 1971 Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) C. 128 Radicals derived from unsubstituted ring assemblies are named by adding ‘-yl’,..etc., to the name of the assembly. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < suffix1952
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