exhaustionn.

/ɛɡˈzɔːstʃən/

Etymology: as if < Latin *exhaustiōn-em, noun of action < exhaurīre : see exhaust v. Compare French exhaustion.

The action of exhausting; the state of being exhausted.

1. The action or process:

Thesaurus »

a. of drawing out or forth, esp. air.

b. of emptying of contents; the condition of being emptied.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [noun] > emptiness > emptying

avoidancea1398

voidance1398

voidingc1435

empting1440

teeming?1468

emptying1552

emptening1561

evacuation1593

evacuating1594

exinanition1603

depletion1656

exhaustion1796

1661 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. (1682) iii. xx. 80 Upon the exhaustion of the air incumbent on the water [etc.].

1796 S. Vince Princ. Hydrostat. viii. 99 You may make a more perfect exhaustion by the other method.

1881 Spottiswoode in Nature No. 623. 550 In the next tube the exhaustion has been carried further.

c. spec. (Steam-Engine) The discharge of waste steam from the cylinder; cf. exhaust n. 1a. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > steam engine > [noun] > steam > exit of waste steam

eduction1744

exhaust1848

exhaustion1849

1782 Watt Specif. Patent 1321 5 The regulating valve is then to be shut and the exhaustion regulating valve is opened.

1824 ‘R. Stuart’ Descr. Hist. Steam Engine 107 The exhaustion-cock was shut, the steam was readmitted into the cylinder, and the operation was repeated.

1848 W. Pole tr. E. Alban High-pressure Steam Engine 57 The exhaustion openings are usually made much too small.

1849 Unwin Specif. Patent 12,410 2 This improved method of clearance or exhaustion is applied to an engine suitable for locomotive purposes.

2. The action or process of consuming or using up completely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > [noun] > using up completely

exhausting1539

spendingc1595

exhausture1611

exhaustment1621

dehaust1654

depletion1656

exhaustion1831

1831 R. Knox in tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) Pref. p. v The rapid sale and exhaustion of that work.

1881 Sir W. Thomson in Nature No. 619. 449 This exhaustion [of heat] would not be complete until the absolute zero of temperature was reached.

a. The state of being exhausted of strength, energy, etc.; extreme loss of strength.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [noun]

wearinessc900

slemea1300

werihede1340

talma1400

aneantizinga1425

faintnessa1440

defatigation1508

languishness?1529

lassitude1541

tiredness1552

overtiring1598

attainta1616

languishmentc1620

exhaustment1621

prostrationa1626

exhaustiona1639

tiresomeness1646

lassation1650

exantlation1651

fessitude1656

faintingnessa1661

delassation1692

tiriness1697

languor1707

fatigue1719

exhausture1779

distress1803

exhaustedness1840

worn-outness1844

tire1859

dead-beatness1907

a1639 H. Wotton Let. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 334 Great exhaustions cannot be cured with sudden remedies.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxi. 163 There ensueth no destructive exhaustion .

1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature & Cure Calculus 175 In the state of temporary exhaustion the fibre loses its tone.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 253 Lacking in their utter exhaustion strength for fighting and breath for scolding.

1861 J. E. Erichsen Sci. & Art Surg. (ed. 3) i. 5 Exhaustion..is an occasional cause of death after severe operations.

b. The draining (anything) of valuable properties; the condition of being so drained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > [noun] > of valuable properties

exhaustion1813

1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. viii. 312 When cattle are fed upon land not benefitted by their manure, the effect is always an exhaustion of the soil.

c. Chemistry. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing 32 The precipitate from the alkaline extract of cotton, after exhaustion with boiling alcohol, was, without being previously dried, dissolved in dilute caustic soda-lye.

1884 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Exhaustion, In Pharmacy, the term is applied to any process, such as percolation, whereby the active constituents of a drug are removed in solution, leaving it exhausted.

4. Exhaustive enumeration or treatment; cf. exhaust v. 2c, 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [noun] > thoroughness or exhaustiveness

thoroughnessa1631

searchingness1685

exhaustiveness1817

radicalism1830

exhaustion1869

1869 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi iii. 96 The..lists are presented, by way, not of exhaustion, but of example.

a. gen. The process of establishing the correctness of a hypothesis by ‘exhausting’ all the other conceivable hypotheses relating to the question; the process of arriving at a conclusion by the successive elimination of unsuitable alternatives.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > hypothesis > [noun] > elimination of alternatives

exhaustion1877

figurative.

1877 S. J. Owen in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches Introd. p. xxxvi By a process of exhaustion, the specific gravity of the inefficient would gradually deposit them below their betters.

b. Mathematics. method of exhaustions: (see quot. 1730).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > method or rule for

rulea1387

canonc1400

backer1543

position1551

rule of falsehood1552

rule of three1562

method of exhaustions1685

sieve1803

sieve of Eratosthenes1803

algorithm1811

algorism1888

sieve1897

decision procedure1936

pivotal condensation1939

decision method1940

1685 J. Wallis Treat. Algebra lxxiii. 280 It will be necessary to premise somewhat concerning (what is wont to be called) the Method of Exhaustions.

1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Exhaustions, (in Mathematics) a way of proving the equality of two magnitudes by a reductio ad absurdum; shewing that if one be supposed either greater or less than the other, there will arise a contradiction.

1881 R. Routledge Pop. Hist. Sci. ii. 37 The method of exhaustions..is only an application of the general principle of limits.

1884 J. T. Merz Leibniz iii. 49 The method of exhaustions..in which the area of a surface enclosed by a curve is found by inscribing polygons of an increasing number of sides.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

单词	exhaustion
释义	exhaustionn. /ɛɡˈzɔːstʃən/ Etymology: as if < Latin exhaustiōn-em, noun of action < exhaurīre* : see exhaust v. Compare French exhaustion. The action of exhausting; the state of being exhausted. 1. The action or process: Thesaurus » a. of drawing out or forth, esp. air. b. of emptying of contents; the condition of being emptied. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [noun] > emptiness > emptying avoidancea1398 voidance1398 voidingc1435 empting1440 teeming?1468 emptying1552 emptening1561 evacuation1593 evacuating1594 exinanition1603 depletion1656 exhaustion1796 1661 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. (1682) iii. xx. 80 Upon the exhaustion of the air incumbent on the water [etc.]. 1796 S. Vince Princ. Hydrostat. viii. 99 You may make a more perfect exhaustion by the other method. 1881 Spottiswoode in Nature No. 623. 550 In the next tube the exhaustion has been carried further. c. spec. (Steam-Engine) The discharge of waste steam from the cylinder; cf. exhaust n. 1a. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > steam engine > [noun] > steam > exit of waste steam eduction1744 exhaust1848 exhaustion1849 1782 Watt Specif. Patent 1321 5 The regulating valve is then to be shut and the exhaustion regulating valve is opened. 1824 ‘R. Stuart’ Descr. Hist. Steam Engine 107 The exhaustion-cock was shut, the steam was readmitted into the cylinder, and the operation was repeated. 1848 W. Pole tr. E. Alban High-pressure Steam Engine 57 The exhaustion openings are usually made much too small. 1849 Unwin Specif. Patent 12,410 2 This improved method of clearance or exhaustion is applied to an engine suitable for locomotive purposes. 2. The action or process of consuming or using up completely. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > [noun] > using up completely exhausting1539 spendingc1595 exhausture1611 exhaustment1621 dehaust1654 depletion1656 exhaustion1831 1831 R. Knox in tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) Pref. p. v The rapid sale and exhaustion of that work. 1881 Sir W. Thomson in Nature No. 619. 449 This exhaustion [of heat] would not be complete until the absolute zero of temperature was reached. 3. a. The state of being exhausted of strength, energy, etc.; extreme loss of strength. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [noun] wearinessc900 slemea1300 werihede1340 talma1400 aneantizinga1425 faintnessa1440 defatigation1508 languishness?1529 lassitude1541 tiredness1552 overtiring1598 attainta1616 languishmentc1620 exhaustment1621 prostrationa1626 exhaustiona1639 tiresomeness1646 lassation1650 exantlation1651 fessitude1656 faintingnessa1661 delassation1692 tiriness1697 languor1707 fatigue1719 exhausture1779 distress1803 exhaustedness1840 worn-outness1844 tire1859 dead-beatness1907 a1639 H. Wotton Let. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 334 Great exhaustions cannot be cured with sudden remedies. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxi. 163 There ensueth no destructive exhaustion . View more context for this quotation 1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature & Cure Calculus 175 In the state of temporary exhaustion the fibre loses its tone. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 253 Lacking in their utter exhaustion strength for fighting and breath for scolding. 1861 J. E. Erichsen Sci. & Art Surg. (ed. 3) i. 5 Exhaustion..is an occasional cause of death after severe operations. b. The draining (anything) of valuable properties; the condition of being so drained. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > [noun] > of valuable properties exhaustion1813 1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. viii. 312 When cattle are fed upon land not benefitted by their manure, the effect is always an exhaustion of the soil. c. Chemistry. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing 32 The precipitate from the alkaline extract of cotton, after exhaustion with boiling alcohol, was, without being previously dried, dissolved in dilute caustic soda-lye. 1884 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Exhaustion, In Pharmacy, the term is applied to any process, such as percolation, whereby the active constituents of a drug are removed in solution, leaving it exhausted. 4. Exhaustive enumeration or treatment; cf. exhaust v. 2c, 4. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [noun] > thoroughness or exhaustiveness thoroughnessa1631 searchingness1685 exhaustiveness1817 radicalism1830 exhaustion1869 1869 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi iii. 96 The..lists are presented, by way, not of exhaustion, but of example. 5. a. gen. The process of establishing the correctness of a hypothesis by ‘exhausting’ all the other conceivable hypotheses relating to the question; the process of arriving at a conclusion by the successive elimination of unsuitable alternatives. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > hypothesis > [noun] > elimination of alternatives exhaustion1877 figurative. 1877 S. J. Owen in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches Introd. p. xxxvi By a process of exhaustion, the specific gravity of the inefficient would gradually deposit them below their betters. b. Mathematics. method of exhaustions: (see quot. 1730). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > method or rule for rulea1387 canonc1400 backer1543 position1551 rule of falsehood1552 rule of three1562 method of exhaustions1685 sieve1803 sieve of Eratosthenes1803 algorithm1811 algorism1888 sieve1897 decision procedure1936 pivotal condensation1939 decision method1940 1685 J. Wallis Treat. Algebra lxxiii. 280 It will be necessary to premise somewhat concerning (what is wont to be called) the Method of Exhaustions. 1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Exhaustions, (in Mathematics) a way of proving the equality of two magnitudes by a reductio ad absurdum; shewing that if one be supposed either greater or less than the other, there will arise a contradiction. 1881 R. Routledge Pop. Hist. Sci. ii. 37 The method of exhaustions..is only an application of the general principle of limits. 1884 J. T. Merz Leibniz iii. 49 The method of exhaustions..in which the area of a surface enclosed by a curve is found by inscribing polygons of an increasing number of sides. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2020). < n.a1639
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