etiolatev.

Brit.

/ˈiːtɪə(ʊ)leɪt/, U.S.

/ˈidiəˌleɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Etymons: French étioler , -ate suffix³.

Etymology: < French étioler (reflexive; of a plant) to grow pale and weakened (1690), to make (a person) weak and pale (1805; probably ultimately < éteule stubble n.) + -ate suffix³ Compare etiolated adj., etiolation n.Compare German etiolieren (1819 in botany as †etioliren, or earlier; < French).

1. Botany and Horticulture.

a. transitive. To cause (a plant) to develop with reduced levels of chlorophyll (esp. by restricting light), causing bleaching of the green tissues, elongated internodes, weakened stems, deficiencies in vascular structure, and abnormally small leaves.The phenomenon of etiolation is exploited in the production of certain vegetables, as celery and rhubarb, which are grown in the dark to give long tender stems.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > render pale

etiolate1784

1784 [implied in: New Rev. Jan. 18 The stalk of a plant which is in darkness, whilst the plant itself is in the light, grows etiolated. (at etiolated adj. 1)].

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 45 (note) Celery blanched or etiolated for the table by excluding the light from it.

1835 J. Johnson Change of Air i. 7 When a gardener wishes to etiolate, that is, blanch, soften, and render juicy a vegetable..he binds the leaves together, so that the light may have as little access as possible to their surfaces.

1921 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48 18 (heading) Effect upon infection produced by etiolating plants for nine days immediately preceding inoculation.

1959 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 35 542 Green barley that had never been etiolated gave essentially the same results as etiolated plants that were exposed to light.

2012 A. Stewart Let's Propagate (rev. ed.) v. 78 The idea here is to etiolate the shoots using the treatment outlined above.

b. intransitive. Of a plant: to exhibit etiolation; spec. to become weakened and abnormally pale.

ΚΠ

1804 B. Lambert tr. C. L. Berthollet Ess. Chem. Statics II. 390 When the seed has sprouted..light becomes necessary to the plant, and without it, it etiolates [Fr. elle s'étiole].

1833 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 4 No. 21. 375 The plant also will etiolate or blanch to perfection, as I discovered by finding one in a bed of damp leaves: it was eight inches high, and as white and crisp as a plant of celery.

1876 Amer. Farmer Dec. 374/1 Flax is often visited by a disease, which destroys the plant within 48 hours after being attacked; growth is suddenly checked, the flax etiolates and dies.

1962 Jrnl. Ecol. 50 837 Plants tend to etiolate as percentage daylight is reduced.

1999 Amer. Naturalist 154 469/2 Risks of being fragile when a mutant plant etiolates in light might include fungal attack and easy breaking.

2007 Plant Cell 19 2125/2 Flowering plants grown in darkness etiolate.

2. transitive. To lessen or undermine the strength, vigour, or effectiveness of (a quality, group, movement, etc.); to have a weakening effect upon. Also intransitive.

ΚΠ

1820 C. Colton Lacon §cxxxv. 77 Pleasure is to women what the sun is to the flower; if moderately enjoyed, it beautifies, it refreshes, and it improves; if immoderately, it withers, etiolates, and destroys.

1847 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 6 Feb. 83/2 The aforesaid notables never stopped till they had turned out of the country all the old colonels and broken-down men of fortune who had been sent to govern and etiolate them.

1852 M. A. Garvey Silent Revol. xi. 156 The subtleties [printed subleties] by which priestcraft studies to confuse and darken the intellect, to etiolate and enfeeble the mind.

1936 Crisis May 72/1 The Vardaman proposal, while not expressly etiolating the woman vote, was even more vicious.

1977 P. Crone & M. Cook Hagarism viii. 80 The Greek identity of cultural truth had been greatly etiolated with the demise of the Macedonian state and the collapse of the polis.

2010 A. Melikian Journey to Virginland 267 Equality is myth—a philosophical veil to etiolate the will of the disadvantaged.

a. transitive. To make (a person, the skin, etc.) pale and wan. Also: to make physically weak; to enfeeble. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [verb (transitive)] > make pale

appalc1386

blenkc1400

blaiken1570

blancha1616

etiolate1831

blench1845

etiolize1891

1831 J. Johnson Change of Air 8 If we wish to etiolate men and women, we have only to congregate them in cities,..where they become as white, tender, and watery as the finest celery.

1864 R. F. Burton Mission to Gelele II. 66 (note) We may etiolate them [sc. women] as in New England, or we may expand them, by beef and beer, to grenadiers.

1964 J. Stafford Bad Characters 48 She went on..taking care of her looks, remembering how drink hardens the skin and how drugs etiolate it.

1986 N.Y. Mag. 17 Feb. 71/2 Aston..has been etiolated by electroshock therapy.

b. intransitive. To become pale or paler; (also) to become physically weak or sickly. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [verb (intransitive)] > become or turn pale

blakea1225

fallowa1250

blokec1275

bloknec1315

bleykec1327

blikena1400

falla1450

to paint pale (also white)a1529

blemish1530

appale1534

to turn (one's) colour1548

wan1582

bleak1605

whiten1775

blench1813

etiolate1882

1882 Trans. Ohio State Med. Soc. 160 She..etiolates from want of sunlight and falls an easy victim to disease of the lungs.

1934 R. Frost Let. 23 Feb. (1964) 237 I have been in bed with a bug..etiolating and emaciating.

2003 P. R. W. Jackson Life & Music Sir Malcolm Arnold iv. 60 Don Diego..has a patter song set as a flamboyant fandango, that would make any seasoned Gilbert-and-Sullivan performer etiolate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	etiolate
释义	etiolatev. Brit. /ˈiːtɪə(ʊ)leɪt/, U.S. /ˈidiəˌleɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Etymons: French étioler , -ate suffix³. Etymology: < French étioler (reflexive; of a plant) to grow pale and weakened (1690), to make (a person) weak and pale (1805; probably ultimately < éteule stubble n.) + -ate suffix³ Compare etiolated adj., etiolation n.Compare German etiolieren (1819 in botany as †etioliren, or earlier; < French). 1. Botany and Horticulture. a. transitive. To cause (a plant) to develop with reduced levels of chlorophyll (esp. by restricting light), causing bleaching of the green tissues, elongated internodes, weakened stems, deficiencies in vascular structure, and abnormally small leaves.The phenomenon of etiolation is exploited in the production of certain vegetables, as celery and rhubarb, which are grown in the dark to give long tender stems. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > render pale etiolate1784 1784 [implied in: New Rev. Jan. 18 The stalk of a plant which is in darkness, whilst the plant itself is in the light, grows etiolated. (at etiolated adj. 1)]. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 45 (note) Celery blanched or etiolated for the table by excluding the light from it. 1835 J. Johnson Change of Air i. 7 When a gardener wishes to etiolate, that is, blanch, soften, and render juicy a vegetable..he binds the leaves together, so that the light may have as little access as possible to their surfaces. 1921 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48 18 (heading) Effect upon infection produced by etiolating plants for nine days immediately preceding inoculation. 1959 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 35 542 Green barley that had never been etiolated gave essentially the same results as etiolated plants that were exposed to light. 2012 A. Stewart Let's Propagate (rev. ed.) v. 78 The idea here is to etiolate the shoots using the treatment outlined above. b. intransitive. Of a plant: to exhibit etiolation; spec. to become weakened and abnormally pale. ΚΠ 1804 B. Lambert tr. C. L. Berthollet Ess. Chem. Statics II. 390 When the seed has sprouted..light becomes necessary to the plant, and without it, it etiolates [Fr. elle s'étiole]. 1833 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 4 No. 21. 375 The plant also will etiolate or blanch to perfection, as I discovered by finding one in a bed of damp leaves: it was eight inches high, and as white and crisp as a plant of celery. 1876 Amer. Farmer Dec. 374/1 Flax is often visited by a disease, which destroys the plant within 48 hours after being attacked; growth is suddenly checked, the flax etiolates and dies. 1962 Jrnl. Ecol. 50 837 Plants tend to etiolate as percentage daylight is reduced. 1999 Amer. Naturalist 154 469/2 Risks of being fragile when a mutant plant etiolates in light might include fungal attack and easy breaking. 2007 Plant Cell 19 2125/2 Flowering plants grown in darkness etiolate. 2. transitive. To lessen or undermine the strength, vigour, or effectiveness of (a quality, group, movement, etc.); to have a weakening effect upon. Also intransitive. ΚΠ 1820 C. Colton Lacon §cxxxv. 77 Pleasure is to women what the sun is to the flower; if moderately enjoyed, it beautifies, it refreshes, and it improves; if immoderately, it withers, etiolates, and destroys. 1847 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 6 Feb. 83/2 The aforesaid notables never stopped till they had turned out of the country all the old colonels and broken-down men of fortune who had been sent to govern and etiolate them. 1852 M. A. Garvey Silent Revol. xi. 156 The subtleties [printed subleties] by which priestcraft studies to confuse and darken the intellect, to etiolate and enfeeble the mind. 1936 Crisis May 72/1 The Vardaman proposal, while not expressly etiolating the woman vote, was even more vicious. 1977 P. Crone & M. Cook Hagarism viii. 80 The Greek identity of cultural truth had been greatly etiolated with the demise of the Macedonian state and the collapse of the polis. 2010 A. Melikian Journey to Virginland 267 Equality is myth—a philosophical veil to etiolate the will of the disadvantaged. 3. a. transitive. To make (a person, the skin, etc.) pale and wan. Also: to make physically weak; to enfeeble. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [verb (transitive)] > make pale appalc1386 blenkc1400 blaiken1570 blancha1616 etiolate1831 blench1845 etiolize1891 1831 J. Johnson Change of Air 8 If we wish to etiolate men and women, we have only to congregate them in cities,..where they become as white, tender, and watery as the finest celery. 1864 R. F. Burton Mission to Gelele II. 66 (note) We may etiolate them [sc. women] as in New England, or we may expand them, by beef and beer, to grenadiers. 1964 J. Stafford Bad Characters 48 She went on..taking care of her looks, remembering how drink hardens the skin and how drugs etiolate it. 1986 N.Y. Mag. 17 Feb. 71/2 Aston..has been etiolated by electroshock therapy. b. intransitive. To become pale or paler; (also) to become physically weak or sickly. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [verb (intransitive)] > become or turn pale blakea1225 fallowa1250 blokec1275 bloknec1315 bleykec1327 blikena1400 falla1450 to paint pale (also white)a1529 blemish1530 appale1534 to turn (one's) colour1548 wan1582 bleak1605 whiten1775 blench1813 etiolate1882 1882 Trans. Ohio State Med. Soc. 160 She..etiolates from want of sunlight and falls an easy victim to disease of the lungs. 1934 R. Frost Let. 23 Feb. (1964) 237 I have been in bed with a bug..etiolating and emaciating. 2003 P. R. W. Jackson Life & Music Sir Malcolm Arnold iv. 60 Don Diego..has a patter song set as a flamboyant fandango, that would make any seasoned Gilbert-and-Sullivan performer etiolate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1784
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