expandv.

Brit.

/ᵻkˈspand/,

/ɛkˈspand/, U.S.

/ɪkˈspænd/,

/ɛkˈspænd/

Forms: Past participle Middle English expande.

Etymology: < Latin expandĕre, < ex- (see ex- prefix¹) + pandĕre to spread. Compare Old French espandre, modern French épandre to diffuse, scatter.

a. transitive. To spread out; to spread out flat or smooth; to open out, unfold; †to remove the folds or wrinkles from, to smooth (the forehead); also, to spread out to view, display. literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open

abredeeOE

bredeOE

stretcha1000

to-spreada1000

openOE

spreadc1175

displayc1320

to let outc1380

to open outc1384

outspreada1400

spald?a1400

splayc1402

expand?a1475

to lay along1483

speld?a1500

skail1513

to set abroad1526

to lay abroad1530

flarec1550

bespread1557

to set out1573

dispread1590

explaina1600

expanse1600

dispack1605

splat1615

dispand1656

extend1676

flat1709

spelder1710

spreadeagle1829

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 81 There is a figge tre soe expande, that mony multitudes of peple may sytte vnder the latitude of oon figge tre.

a1667 A. Cowley Avarice in Ess. in Verse & Prose 130 You laugh now, and expand your careful Brow.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 241 The upper..Stratum that was expanded over those Valleys and Plains.

1706 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1872) X. 145 Money, like a mistress coming in view, expanded its charms.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xii. 105 Expand thy sails, Ply the strong oar, and catch the nimble gales.

1774 J. Beattie Minstrel: 2nd Bk. xxvii. 14 Where yon oak expands her arms.

a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 136 The descent of Æneas..to the world of spirits, expands an awful and boundless prospect.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. vi. 26 Here the rose expands Her paradise of leaves.

1848 L. Hunt Jar of Honey x. 132 Sicily then lay expanded like a map beneath our eyes.

1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 52 Stoles as a rule should not be expanded at the extremities.

b. To develop what is implicit in (a statement); to write out in full what is expressed by (a graphical contraction). Also in Algebra to work out the processes indicated by the terms of a contracted expression and state the result in full; to express at length in a series.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > perform algebra [verb (transitive)]

equate1779

expand1802

perturb1901

Fourier-analyse1962

exponentiate1971

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > write out at length

to write outa1400

to set out1545

extenda1639

expand1894

1802 Woodhouse in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 88 x·(1 + x)^—1 must be expanded, and the integrals of the several terms taken.

1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools 296 Expand each of the following expressions to four terms.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xx. §824 Let us examine, expand, and explain this fact.

1894 N.E.D. at Expand Mod. The editor has expanded the contractions in the MS.

†c. To give ample utterance to, ‘pour out’ (one's feelings); reflexive to manifest unrestrainedly one's feelings; to overflow. Obsolete. Cf. French épancher.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest or exhibit (emotions) [verb (transitive)]

canOE

demeanc1400

pourc1451

expand1656

vend1682

demonstrate1800

emote1927

uncap1980

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself (of an emotion) [verb (reflexive)] > exhibit emotion

discharge1523

expand1656

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Expand, to declare or utter.

1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. i. ii. 19 He takes pleasure to expand himself in acts of goodness towards his creatures.

1801 H. Fuseli Lect. Painting I. i. 17 The adoring figure of a priest..expanding his gratitude at the shrine of the God whose arrows avenged his wrongs.

a. intransitive for reflexive. To spread itself out; to unfold, open out; to develop. Const. into, to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > be spread out

outspreada1425

expand1575

flare1579

to fan out1592

dispread1596

deploy1796

to open out1818

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (reflexive)]

spread1340

expatiate1650

spread1693

expand1776

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 32^v Expand on hie, ga far about the wall.

1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 32 Stars that will expand in flame, and appear like natural Stars.

1688 J. Dryden in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 7 Like rising Flames expanding in the height.

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 1 A weary waste expanded to the skies.

1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 675 Flowers..expand at 6 or 7, and close at 2 in the afternoon.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. v. 53 Hailed its folds with three cheers as they expanded in the cold midnight breeze.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. viii. 59 Streams..expanding here and there to deep green lakes.

1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 391 The Wickliffity ‘Known-men’..of Henry VIII.'s day, expanded into the ‘Gospellers’ of Edward VI.'s reign.

b. To ‘open out’; to grow communicative.

ΚΠ

1820 C. Lamb in London Mag. Aug. 143/2 How would he chirp, and expand, over a muffin.

3. transitive. ‘To spread out every way’ (Johnson); to cause to fill a larger space; to widen the boundaries, increase the area of capacity of; to dilate, enlarge:

a. a material object. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)]

broada1250

room?1316

enlargec1380

largea1382

magnifya1382

alargec1384

spreada1387

amplify1432

brede1440

expanse1477

ampliatea1513

dilate1528

propagate1548

widen1566

explicate1578

expatiate1603

diduce1605

engross?1611

dilatate1613

biggen1643

promote1652

intend1658

expand1665

to run out1683

amplificate1731

broaden1744

outstretcha1758

largen1869

big1884

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 49 What Bodies are expanded by being frozen.

1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 217 All the hot Passions of Anger, Joy, expand the Spirits, and give them a more vehement Motion.

1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) I. 456/1 Air compressed..as soon as the compressing..force is removed, expands itself..to its former dimensions.

1835 T. B. Macaulay Sir James Mackintosh in Ess. (1854) I. 315/1 [The editor] has thus succeeded in expanding the volume into one of the thickest..that we ever saw.

1894 N.E.D. at Expand Mod. The object of this gymnastic exercise is to expand the chest.

b. an immaterial object. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > specific immaterial things

expand1655

1655 J. Howell 4th Vol. Familiar Lett. xxix. 70 Let Christianity expand her self still by a passive fortitude.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xviii. 245 The grand object to which he [Columbus] dedicated himself seemed to expand his whole soul.

1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xviii. 386 Would these..changes..diminish or expand, the faith..of the Chosen People?

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 614 The longer version only expands, and in no way contradicts, the shorter one.

4. intransitive for reflexive. To increase in bulk, swell; to become dilated or enlarged.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)]

greateOE

grow1382

enlarge1481

to gain more feathers1600

spread1611

burnish1624

sizea1631

dilate1636

greaten1638

expatiate1650

widen1650

biggen1652

expand1791

magnify1814

1807 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. I. ii. xxiv. 314 To moisten the sponge and make it expand.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 2 Cast iron expands in passing from the fluid to the solid state.

1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 202 When air is warmed it expands and becomes lighter.

1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 789 The pith very soon begins to become turgid and to expand.

figurative.1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. i. 22 Her heart expanded in momentary joy.1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 47 Such is a brief outline of the enterprise..which continually expanded in his mind.1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 18 As his knowledge and power of reasoning expand under instruction.1885 Manch. Examiner 28 Sept. 4/7 Our trade with China is steadily expanding.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	expand
释义	expandv. Brit. /ᵻkˈspand/, /ɛkˈspand/, U.S. /ɪkˈspænd/, /ɛkˈspænd/ Forms: Past participle Middle English expande. Etymology: < Latin expandĕre, < ex- (see ex- prefix¹) + pandĕre to spread. Compare Old French espandre, modern French épandre to diffuse, scatter. 1. a. transitive. To spread out; to spread out flat or smooth; to open out, unfold; †to remove the folds or wrinkles from, to smooth (the forehead); also, to spread out to view, display. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open abredeeOE bredeOE stretcha1000 to-spreada1000 openOE spreadc1175 displayc1320 to let outc1380 to open outc1384 outspreada1400 spald?a1400 splayc1402 expand?a1475 to lay along1483 speld?a1500 skail1513 to set abroad1526 to lay abroad1530 flarec1550 bespread1557 to set out1573 dispread1590 explaina1600 expanse1600 dispack1605 splat1615 dispand1656 extend1676 flat1709 spelder1710 spreadeagle1829 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 81 There is a figge tre soe expande, that mony multitudes of peple may sytte vnder the latitude of oon figge tre. a1667 A. Cowley Avarice in Ess. in Verse & Prose 130 You laugh now, and expand your careful Brow. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 241 The upper..Stratum that was expanded over those Valleys and Plains. 1706 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1872) X. 145 Money, like a mistress coming in view, expanded its charms. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xii. 105 Expand thy sails, Ply the strong oar, and catch the nimble gales. 1774 J. Beattie Minstrel: 2nd Bk. xxvii. 14 Where yon oak expands her arms. a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 136 The descent of Æneas..to the world of spirits, expands an awful and boundless prospect. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. vi. 26 Here the rose expands Her paradise of leaves. 1848 L. Hunt Jar of Honey x. 132 Sicily then lay expanded like a map beneath our eyes. 1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 52 Stoles as a rule should not be expanded at the extremities. b. To develop what is implicit in (a statement); to write out in full what is expressed by (a graphical contraction). Also in Algebra to work out the processes indicated by the terms of a contracted expression and state the result in full; to express at length in a series. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > perform algebra [verb (transitive)] equate1779 expand1802 perturb1901 Fourier-analyse1962 exponentiate1971 society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > write out at length to write outa1400 to set out1545 extenda1639 expand1894 1802 Woodhouse in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 88 x·(1 + x)^—1 must be expanded, and the integrals of the several terms taken. 1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools 296 Expand each of the following expressions to four terms. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xx. §824 Let us examine, expand, and explain this fact. 1894 N.E.D. at Expand Mod. The editor has expanded the contractions in the MS. †c. To give ample utterance to, ‘pour out’ (one's feelings); reflexive to manifest unrestrainedly one's feelings; to overflow. Obsolete. Cf. French épancher. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest or exhibit (emotions) [verb (transitive)] canOE demeanc1400 pourc1451 expand1656 vend1682 demonstrate1800 emote1927 uncap1980 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself (of an emotion) [verb (reflexive)] > exhibit emotion discharge1523 expand1656 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Expand, to declare or utter. 1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. i. ii. 19 He takes pleasure to expand himself in acts of goodness towards his creatures. 1801 H. Fuseli Lect. Painting I. i. 17 The adoring figure of a priest..expanding his gratitude at the shrine of the God whose arrows avenged his wrongs. 2. a. intransitive for reflexive. To spread itself out; to unfold, open out; to develop. Const. into, to. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > be spread out outspreada1425 expand1575 flare1579 to fan out1592 dispread1596 deploy1796 to open out1818 the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (reflexive)] spread1340 expatiate1650 spread1693 expand1776 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 32^v Expand on hie, ga far about the wall. 1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 32 Stars that will expand in flame, and appear like natural Stars. 1688 J. Dryden in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 7 Like rising Flames expanding in the height. 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 1 A weary waste expanded to the skies. 1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 675 Flowers..expand at 6 or 7, and close at 2 in the afternoon. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. v. 53 Hailed its folds with three cheers as they expanded in the cold midnight breeze. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. viii. 59 Streams..expanding here and there to deep green lakes. 1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 391 The Wickliffity ‘Known-men’..of Henry VIII.'s day, expanded into the ‘Gospellers’ of Edward VI.'s reign. b. To ‘open out’; to grow communicative. ΚΠ 1820 C. Lamb in London Mag. Aug. 143/2 How would he chirp, and expand, over a muffin. 3. transitive. ‘To spread out every way’ (Johnson); to cause to fill a larger space; to widen the boundaries, increase the area of capacity of; to dilate, enlarge: a. a material object. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] broada1250 room?1316 enlargec1380 largea1382 magnifya1382 alargec1384 spreada1387 amplify1432 brede1440 expanse1477 ampliatea1513 dilate1528 propagate1548 widen1566 explicate1578 expatiate1603 diduce1605 engross?1611 dilatate1613 biggen1643 promote1652 intend1658 expand1665 to run out1683 amplificate1731 broaden1744 outstretcha1758 largen1869 big1884 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 49 What Bodies are expanded by being frozen. 1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 217 All the hot Passions of Anger, Joy, expand the Spirits, and give them a more vehement Motion. 1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) I. 456/1 Air compressed..as soon as the compressing..force is removed, expands itself..to its former dimensions. 1835 T. B. Macaulay Sir James Mackintosh in Ess. (1854) I. 315/1 [The editor] has thus succeeded in expanding the volume into one of the thickest..that we ever saw. 1894 N.E.D. at Expand Mod. The object of this gymnastic exercise is to expand the chest. b. an immaterial object. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > specific immaterial things expand1655 1655 J. Howell 4th Vol. Familiar Lett. xxix. 70 Let Christianity expand her self still by a passive fortitude. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xviii. 245 The grand object to which he [Columbus] dedicated himself seemed to expand his whole soul. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xviii. 386 Would these..changes..diminish or expand, the faith..of the Chosen People? 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 614 The longer version only expands, and in no way contradicts, the shorter one. 4. intransitive for reflexive. To increase in bulk, swell; to become dilated or enlarged. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] greateOE grow1382 enlarge1481 to gain more feathers1600 spread1611 burnish1624 sizea1631 dilate1636 greaten1638 expatiate1650 widen1650 biggen1652 expand1791 magnify1814 1807 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. I. ii. xxiv. 314 To moisten the sponge and make it expand. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 2 Cast iron expands in passing from the fluid to the solid state. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 202 When air is warmed it expands and becomes lighter. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 789 The pith very soon begins to become turgid and to expand. figurative.1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. i. 22 Her heart expanded in momentary joy.1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 47 Such is a brief outline of the enterprise..which continually expanded in his mind.1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 18 As his knowledge and power of reasoning expand under instruction.1885 Manch. Examiner 28 Sept. 4/7 Our trade with China is steadily expanding. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.?a1475
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