ethiopsn.

Brit.

/ˈiːθɪˌɒps/, U.S.

/ˈiθiˌɑps/

Forms: 1600s– aethiops, 1700s– ethiops. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Aethiops.

Etymology: < classical Latin Aethiops inhabitant of Ethiopia (see Ethiop n.), in post-classical Latin also denoting a black substance (1689 or earlier: see below).In ethiops mineral n. at sense 2 after post-classical Latin Aethiops mineralis (1689 or earlier) < classical Latin Aethiops + post-classical Latin mineralis mineral adj. In martial ethiops n. at sense 3 after either post-classical Latin aethiops martialis (1763 or earlier) or French ethiops martial (1741 or earlier), ultimately reflecting the post-classical Latin sense ‘of or relating to iron’ of classical Latin mārtiālis martial adj.

Chemistry. Now historical.

1. Any of certain typically black or dark-coloured substances made by chemical means; a dark residue or precipitate; esp. = ethiops mineral n. at sense 2.Recorded earliest in ethiops mineral n. at sense 2.vegetable ethiops: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > other sulphides

ethiops1697

ethiops mineral1727

sternbergite1826

proustite1835

greenockite1840

dufrenoysite1846

aciculite1849

pyrargyrite1849

schreibersite1849

siegenite1854

troilite1868

valleriite1875

argyrodite1886

semseyite1886

canfieldite1893

sulvanite1900

teallite1904

patronite1906

hydrotroilite1913

violarite1924

cooperite1928

braggite1932

mackinawite1962

roquesite1963

vysotskite1963

mawsonite1965

rhodostannite1968

1697 J. Pechey Gen. Treat. Dis. Infants & Children iii. 23 Take Æthiops Mineral, and Mercurius Dulcis, each six Grains, of Marmalade of Quinces, two Scruples, make a Bolus.

1722 J. Quincy in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 76 Thus for all cutaneous Foulnesses..the Cinnabar, the Æthiops, and all of that Sortment are in readiness.

1737 H. Purefoy Let. 8 Oct. (1931) II. xiii. 329 My Æthiops is not gone & will hold mee another week.

1770 W. Lewis New Dispensatory (London ed. 3) 538/2 The sulphur..and the mercury..remain at the bottom..united into an ethiops.

1856 C. F. Schoenbein Let. 10 Nov. in M. Faraday Corr. (2008) V. 168 Moisten the former metal [sc. platinum] (being in that state in which we call it ‘Ethiops’) with a strong solution of Ammonia.

1871 Railway Times 28 Jan. 27/3 It [sc. iron] is oxided in a slight proportion by being digested in a solution of the fixed or volatile alkalies, falling down in the form of an ethiops.

1910 J. N. Friend Introd. Chem. Paints iv. 35 The resulting compound..is black, and contains some free sulphur and mercury. It is known to the workmen as ‘ethiops’, and is perfectly useless as a pigment.

2003 J. L. Henderson & D. N. Sherwood Transformation Psyche i. 79 When the Ethiops was baked, it gave off a vapor (mercuric sulfide) that condensed into a brilliant red pigment known as vermilion, or cinnabar.

2. ethiops mineral n. mercuric sulphide, HgS, prepared as a black solid by the reaction of mercury and sulphur, and formerly used medicinally as an anthelmintic and tonic; cf. cinnabar n. 1, vermilion n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > other sulphides

ethiops1697

ethiops mineral1727

sternbergite1826

proustite1835

greenockite1840

dufrenoysite1846

aciculite1849

pyrargyrite1849

schreibersite1849

siegenite1854

troilite1868

valleriite1875

argyrodite1886

semseyite1886

canfieldite1893

sulvanite1900

teallite1904

patronite1906

hydrotroilite1913

violarite1924

cooperite1928

braggite1932

mackinawite1962

roquesite1963

vysotskite1963

mawsonite1965

rhodostannite1968

1697Æthiops Mineral [see sense 1].

1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. iii. 295 The body of the mercury is intimately united with the Sulphur; which then makes what is called Æthiops mineral.

1734 S.-Carolina Gaz. 21 Dec. 3/2 Just imported from London..Ethiops mineral, arcanum coralinum, quicksilver, [etc.].

1847 Lancet 9 Oct. 388 Mercurial purgatives alone possess a special topical action on the eruption in the intestinal patches, and among them the black sulphuret of mercury, or Ethiops' mineral, does so in a particular degree.

1889 Chemist & Druggist 9 Feb. 204 Besides the medicine sent to her by the doctor, it was found that she was in the habit of dosing herself with Ethiops mineral mixed with treacle.

1976 Times 25 Sept. 9/4 The same striking optical changes will occur in analysis of a ‘wet process’ vermilion (solution of black ethiops mineral in ammonium sulphide).

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth iii. 87 In 1687..Gottfried Schulz found that the ethiops mineral can be converted to red vermilion by heating it in a solution of ammonium or potassium sulphide.

3. martial ethiops n. (also ethiops martial) now rare the black (magnetic) oxide of iron, Fe₃O₄.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > other oxides > other simple oxides

red lead1295

martial ethiops1773

ilsemannite1871

brookite1879

karelianite1963

1773 Pract. Brit. & French Hosp. 120 Take of Salmon's stomach electuary, and extract of Juniper-berries, of each a scruple; martial Æthiops, eight grains; elixir proprietatis, four drops.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. I. xi. 469 The whole wire is consumed..the globules of iron will be found in that state called martial ethiops.

1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 304 The powder which formed the basis of this paste was..martial Ethiops.

1910 A. C. Wootton Chron. Pharmacy I. xiii. 350 Ethiops Martial was the black oxide of iron. It was a mixture of protoxide and sesquioxide of iron. Lemery's process was the one usually recommended.

1961 R. Moore Coil of Life ii. 36 Thus the old names martial ethiops, colcothar, and rust of iron became simple black, red, and yellow oxide of iron.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ethiops
释义	ethiopsn. Brit. /ˈiːθɪˌɒps/, U.S. /ˈiθiˌɑps/ Forms: 1600s– aethiops, 1700s– ethiops. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Aethiops. Etymology: < classical Latin Aethiops inhabitant of Ethiopia (see Ethiop n.), in post-classical Latin also denoting a black substance (1689 or earlier: see below).In ethiops mineral n. at sense 2 after post-classical Latin Aethiops mineralis (1689 or earlier) < classical Latin Aethiops + post-classical Latin mineralis mineral adj. In martial ethiops n. at sense 3 after either post-classical Latin aethiops martialis (1763 or earlier) or French ethiops martial (1741 or earlier), ultimately reflecting the post-classical Latin sense ‘of or relating to iron’ of classical Latin mārtiālis martial adj. Chemistry. Now historical. 1. Any of certain typically black or dark-coloured substances made by chemical means; a dark residue or precipitate; esp. = ethiops mineral n. at sense 2.Recorded earliest in ethiops mineral n. at sense 2.vegetable ethiops: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > other sulphides ethiops1697 ethiops mineral1727 sternbergite1826 proustite1835 greenockite1840 dufrenoysite1846 aciculite1849 pyrargyrite1849 schreibersite1849 siegenite1854 troilite1868 valleriite1875 argyrodite1886 semseyite1886 canfieldite1893 sulvanite1900 teallite1904 patronite1906 hydrotroilite1913 violarite1924 cooperite1928 braggite1932 mackinawite1962 roquesite1963 vysotskite1963 mawsonite1965 rhodostannite1968 1697 J. Pechey Gen. Treat. Dis. Infants & Children iii. 23 Take Æthiops Mineral, and Mercurius Dulcis, each six Grains, of Marmalade of Quinces, two Scruples, make a Bolus. 1722 J. Quincy in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 76 Thus for all cutaneous Foulnesses..the Cinnabar, the Æthiops, and all of that Sortment are in readiness. 1737 H. Purefoy Let. 8 Oct. (1931) II. xiii. 329 My Æthiops is not gone & will hold mee another week. 1770 W. Lewis New Dispensatory (London ed. 3) 538/2 The sulphur..and the mercury..remain at the bottom..united into an ethiops. 1856 C. F. Schoenbein Let. 10 Nov. in M. Faraday Corr. (2008) V. 168 Moisten the former metal [sc. platinum] (being in that state in which we call it ‘Ethiops’) with a strong solution of Ammonia. 1871 Railway Times 28 Jan. 27/3 It [sc. iron] is oxided in a slight proportion by being digested in a solution of the fixed or volatile alkalies, falling down in the form of an ethiops. 1910 J. N. Friend Introd. Chem. Paints iv. 35 The resulting compound..is black, and contains some free sulphur and mercury. It is known to the workmen as ‘ethiops’, and is perfectly useless as a pigment. 2003 J. L. Henderson & D. N. Sherwood Transformation Psyche i. 79 When the Ethiops was baked, it gave off a vapor (mercuric sulfide) that condensed into a brilliant red pigment known as vermilion, or cinnabar. 2. ethiops mineral n. mercuric sulphide, HgS, prepared as a black solid by the reaction of mercury and sulphur, and formerly used medicinally as an anthelmintic and tonic; cf. cinnabar n. 1, vermilion n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > other sulphides ethiops1697 ethiops mineral1727 sternbergite1826 proustite1835 greenockite1840 dufrenoysite1846 aciculite1849 pyrargyrite1849 schreibersite1849 siegenite1854 troilite1868 valleriite1875 argyrodite1886 semseyite1886 canfieldite1893 sulvanite1900 teallite1904 patronite1906 hydrotroilite1913 violarite1924 cooperite1928 braggite1932 mackinawite1962 roquesite1963 vysotskite1963 mawsonite1965 rhodostannite1968 1697Æthiops Mineral [see sense 1]. 1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. iii. 295 The body of the mercury is intimately united with the Sulphur; which then makes what is called Æthiops mineral. 1734 S.-Carolina Gaz. 21 Dec. 3/2 Just imported from London..Ethiops mineral, arcanum coralinum, quicksilver, [etc.]. 1847 Lancet 9 Oct. 388 Mercurial purgatives alone possess a special topical action on the eruption in the intestinal patches, and among them the black sulphuret of mercury, or Ethiops' mineral, does so in a particular degree. 1889 Chemist & Druggist 9 Feb. 204 Besides the medicine sent to her by the doctor, it was found that she was in the habit of dosing herself with Ethiops mineral mixed with treacle. 1976 Times 25 Sept. 9/4 The same striking optical changes will occur in analysis of a ‘wet process’ vermilion (solution of black ethiops mineral in ammonium sulphide). 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth iii. 87 In 1687..Gottfried Schulz found that the ethiops mineral can be converted to red vermilion by heating it in a solution of ammonium or potassium sulphide. 3. martial ethiops n. (also ethiops martial) now rare the black (magnetic) oxide of iron, Fe₃O₄. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > other oxides > other simple oxides red lead1295 martial ethiops1773 ilsemannite1871 brookite1879 karelianite1963 1773 Pract. Brit. & French Hosp. 120 Take of Salmon's stomach electuary, and extract of Juniper-berries, of each a scruple; martial Æthiops, eight grains; elixir proprietatis, four drops. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. I. xi. 469 The whole wire is consumed..the globules of iron will be found in that state called martial ethiops. 1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 304 The powder which formed the basis of this paste was..martial Ethiops. 1910 A. C. Wootton Chron. Pharmacy I. xiii. 350 Ethiops Martial was the black oxide of iron. It was a mixture of protoxide and sesquioxide of iron. Lemery's process was the one usually recommended. 1961 R. Moore Coil of Life ii. 36 Thus the old names martial ethiops, colcothar, and rust of iron became simple black, red, and yellow oxide of iron. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1697
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