ethicn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɛθɪk/, U.S.

/ˈɛθɪk/

Forms: Middle English ethyk, Middle English etic, Middle English etik, Middle English etike, Middle English etique, Middle English etyk, Middle English 1600s ethik, Middle English–1500s ethyke, Middle English– ethic, 1500s–1600s ethicke, 1500s–1600s ethike, 1500s–1800s ethick, 1600s aethicke, 1600s aethique, 1600s ethique. N.E.D. (1891) also records a form late Middle English etick.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ethique; Latin ēthicē; French ethique; Latin ēthicus.

Etymology: As noun < (i) Middle French ethique, ethyque (French éthique ) title of a study of or treatise on ethics (c1245 in Old French as etique , denoting a work by Aristotle), moral philosophy, ethics (c1265), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin ēthicē moral philosophy, ethics (Quintilian; in post-classical Latin also ethica (4th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources)) < Hellenistic Greek ἡ ἠθική , use as noun (short for ἡ ἠθικὴ ϕιλοσοϕία ethical philosophy) of feminine of ancient Greek ἠθικός , adjective (see below). As adjective < (i) Middle French ethique, ethyque, eticque of or relating to moral principles (a1394; French éthique ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin ēthicus belonging to morals, ethical, expressive of character, psychological < ancient Greek ἠθικός moral, showing moral character < ἦθος character, (in plural) manners (see ethos n.) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare ethics n., ethical adj.With the noun, compare Spanish ética (c1440), Portuguese ética (15th cent.), Italian etica (second half of the 13th cent. denoting both the branch of study and the work by Aristotle); also German Ethik (early 16th cent., in early use chiefly with Latin or Greek inflectional endings as ethica, ethice). With the adjective, compare Spanish ético (c1440), Portuguese ético (1559 as †ethico), Italian etico (second half of the 14th cent.).

A. n. In singular (cf. ethics n.).

a. The branch of knowledge or study dealing with moral principles; = ethics n. 1b. In early use also: †(the title of) a study of or treatise on ethics (obsolete).In quot. a1450 apparently used as a the name of an (unidentified) authority.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun]

philosophy1340

ethica1387

moralityc1390

ethics?a1425

moral philosophyc1443

morals?1566

moral science1656

moral sciences1656

ethology1696

aretaics1865

meta-ethics1938

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 363 Ethik [c1400 Tiber. D.vii etyk; L. ethice], þat is þe sciens of þewes.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 9 (MED) So cloþe he him wiþ vertues, þat of him mai arise good fame & name; & þis techiþ etik.

a1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Tanner) (1879) Prol. l. 166 Vertue is the meene As etic seith.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 205 (MED) This Cato..made a science moralle whiche is callede the etike [L. Ethica] of Cato, of whom that litelle boke vsede to be redde to childer in scoles is abstracte.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 171 (MED) Arystotle, in the iiije boke of Ethic, descreuyth the hardy in thys maner.

1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. ii. sig. A.iii It is the parte of Ethicke, to trete of lyfe and maners.

1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall i. sig. B Physick for our incarnation, and Ethick for our worldlie well.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 341 As for the Science Practique, it doth first imbrace..Ethique, that doth forme the manners.

1725 A. Pope Wks. Shakespear I. Pref. p. x When he treats of Ethic or Politic, we may constantly observe a wonderful justness of distinction.

1811 Classical Jrnl. Dec. 278 The science of ethic, or moral philosophy, was copied by the Greeks from the Easterns.

1875 W. K. Clifford Basis of Morals in Lect. (1879) II. 106 By Morals or Ethic I mean the doctrine of a special kind of pleasure or displeasure which is felt by the human mind in contemplating certain courses of conduct.

1913 D. Ainslie tr. B. Croce Philos. of Pract. viii. 123 In classifications of ancient Ethic the idea of ‘virtue’ or of ‘good’ was announced as the most important, in Christian Ethic that of ‘duty’.

2008 G. Vahanian Praise of Secular iii. 71 Language is the realm of ethic as it is that of faith.

b. A system or set of moral principles; (in weaker sense) a set of social or personal values.Frequently with modifying word. business, Protestant, Puritan, samurai, success, work ethic, etc.: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1659 H. M. Pair Spectacles for Purblind Nation 9 The Common people..never see behind the Curtain, a handsome glosse is with them as good as the Text: ('Tis the Ethick of these Hypocrites).

1878 T. W. Freckleton Unitarianism versus Evangelicalism Bristol Sel. Pamphlets 11 Righteousness is not..the declaration of some supernatural ethic.

1886 Athenæum 17 July 73 In..Mr. Spencer's ‘Data of Ethics’..an attempt to construct an ethic apart from theology is regarded as practicable.

1935 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 748 The modern Chinese..needs a better social and individual ethic.

1961 B. R. Wilson Sects & Society 1 The sect, as a protest group, has always developed its own distinctive ethic.

1995 M. Lind Next Amer. Nation iv. 150 Americans tend to subscribe to a common ethic of secular self-improvement.

B. adj. = ethical adj. (now the more usual adjective) in various senses.

a. Of or relating to moral principles, esp. as forming a system, or the branch of knowledge or study dealing with these; = ethical adj. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > [adjective]

moralc1387

ethicc1443

ethical?1573

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [adjective]

moralc1387

ethicc1443

ethical?1573

ethological1727

ethologic1814

meta-ethical1949

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 277 Moral etik philosophie for reulyng of oure soule.

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 58 Þe prudence of etik reul forto kunne kepe him fro vicis.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. D1 The Ethicke and politick consideration, with the end of well dooing and not of well knowing onely.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 25 The Æthique precepts and the lawes of civil conversation.

1698 F. B. Free but Modest Censure 12 What! nothing but Ethick and Oeconomick Strictures, and such like Documents?

1735 R. Savage Progress of Divine 363 N'er let your doctrine ethic truth impart.

1745 Sir J. Pringle Let. 19 Mar. in A. Bower Hist. Univ. Edinb. (1817) II. 294 I do hereby resign my office of Professor of ethic and pneumatic philosophy in the University of Edinburgh.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 70 The mind..looks at actions to see what may be their ethic content; what instruction for practice they afford.

1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) II. xi. 249 Who..find the ethic life of their religion unimpaired.

1957 Amer. Catholic Sociol. Rev. 18 335 Religion today..has failed to translate its ethic code into the terms of the market place.

1995 Daily Tel. 10 Mar. 8/5 Recruits went through sessions of ‘auditing’ or ‘processing’ in which they were asked to divulge their inner secrets and were subject to ‘ethic penalties’ and internal discipline.

b. Of an author or work: taking moral questions or ethics as a subject; = ethical adj. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > [adjective] > dealing with morals

moralc1390

ethical1581

ethic1589

sober1844

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [adjective] > of an author or work

ethical1581

ethic1589

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. iv. 6 Therefore were they [sc. Poets] the first Philosophers Ethick.

1638 R. West To Pious Memory T. Randolph in T. Randolph Poems sig. ***4 At once he writ an Ethick Tract and Play.

1724 R. Wodrow Life J. Wodrow (1828) 18 I had a copy of Logick and Ethick Dictates in my father's hand among his school books.

1732 A. Pope (title) An Essay on Man, Being the First Book of Ethic Epistles.

1778 J. James in Lett. Radcliffe & James 53 Not a book, beyond a logic or ethic compend, is recommended.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1749 I. 104 But ‘The Vanity of Human Wishes’ is..as high an effort of ethick poetry as any language can shew.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. xi. 46 Thy ethic page describes Three dispositions adverse to Heav'n's will.

1858 Friend 7 Sept. 9/2 They exhibit just morals..in a manner superior to the best ethic writers in all ages and nations.

1901 Sc. Notes & Queries Nov. 59/2 He has a clear judgment as to our æsthetic and ethic writers.

2009 C. Yun-Shik in C. Yun-Shik et al. Korea confronts Globalization 10 Confucian ethic texts..abounded with exhortations and examples of status inferiors obediently following status superiors.

2. Of, relating to, or characterized by ‘ethos’ as opposed to ‘pathos’ in rhetoric or aesthetics; = ethical adj. 2. See ethos n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > aesthetics > [adjective] > relating to ethos or pathos in aesthetics

ethicala1626

ethic1760

1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting vi. 126 Aristides, who was probably the most ethic of all their painters, was, as we are told by Pliny, rather hard in his colouring.

1816 Monthly Rev. May 27 The ethic painting of the northern poets abounds with traits of manners.

1848 R. N. Wornum Lect. on Painting 355 (note) The style of Polygnotus was strictly ethic.

1938 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 69 10 Aristotle's classification of tragedies as ethic and pathetic is connected with the contrast of ethos and pathos.

Compounds

ethic dative n. [after post-classical Latin dativus ethicus (1822 or earlier)] Grammar (esp. in Latin or Greek) a use of the dative case signifying that the person denoted has an interest in or is indirectly affected by the event; cf. ethical dative n. at ethical adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative > ethic dative

ethic dative1837

ethical dative1849

1832 J. Kenrick tr. C. G. Zumpt Gram. Lat. Lang. (ed. 3) 268 As it expresses a lively feeling it is called dativus ethicus.]

1837 T. Woolsey in tr. Sophocles Electra 80 The pleonastic, or ethic dative, as it is sometimes called.

1867 F. W. Farrar Greek Syntax (1870) 80 To this dative of reference belongs what is called the ethic (i.e. emotional) dative.

1919 PMLA 34 504 Nor does Gollancz's reading of me..as an ethic dative seem to me correct.

1996 Internat. Jrnl. Classical Trad. 3 177 Constructions like the ablative absolute or ethic dative can convey in one or two Latin words an idea which would require a phrase of at least six in German.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ethic
释义	ethicn.adj. Brit. /ˈɛθɪk/, U.S. /ˈɛθɪk/ Forms: Middle English ethyk, Middle English etic, Middle English etik, Middle English etike, Middle English etique, Middle English etyk, Middle English 1600s ethik, Middle English–1500s ethyke, Middle English– ethic, 1500s–1600s ethicke, 1500s–1600s ethike, 1500s–1800s ethick, 1600s aethicke, 1600s aethique, 1600s ethique. N.E.D. (1891) also records a form late Middle English etick. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ethique; Latin ēthicē; French ethique; Latin ēthicus. Etymology: As noun < (i) Middle French ethique, ethyque (French éthique ) title of a study of or treatise on ethics (c1245 in Old French as etique , denoting a work by Aristotle), moral philosophy, ethics (c1265), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin ēthicē moral philosophy, ethics (Quintilian; in post-classical Latin also ethica (4th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources)) < Hellenistic Greek ἡ ἠθική , use as noun (short for ἡ ἠθικὴ ϕιλοσοϕία ethical philosophy) of feminine of ancient Greek ἠθικός , adjective (see below). As adjective < (i) Middle French ethique, ethyque, eticque of or relating to moral principles (a1394; French éthique ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin ēthicus belonging to morals, ethical, expressive of character, psychological < ancient Greek ἠθικός moral, showing moral character < ἦθος character, (in plural) manners (see ethos n.) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare ethics n., ethical adj.With the noun, compare Spanish ética (c1440), Portuguese ética (15th cent.), Italian etica (second half of the 13th cent. denoting both the branch of study and the work by Aristotle); also German Ethik (early 16th cent., in early use chiefly with Latin or Greek inflectional endings as ethica, ethice). With the adjective, compare Spanish ético (c1440), Portuguese ético (1559 as †ethico), Italian etico (second half of the 14th cent.). A. n. In singular (cf. ethics n.). a. The branch of knowledge or study dealing with moral principles; = ethics n. 1b. In early use also: †(the title of) a study of or treatise on ethics (obsolete).In quot. a1450 apparently used as a the name of an (unidentified) authority. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] philosophy1340 ethica1387 moralityc1390 ethics?a1425 moral philosophyc1443 morals?1566 moral science1656 moral sciences1656 ethology1696 aretaics1865 meta-ethics1938 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 363 Ethik [c1400 Tiber. D.vii etyk; L. ethice], þat is þe sciens of þewes. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 9 (MED) So cloþe he him wiþ vertues, þat of him mai arise good fame & name; & þis techiþ etik. a1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Tanner) (1879) Prol. l. 166 Vertue is the meene As etic seith. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 205 (MED) This Cato..made a science moralle whiche is callede the etike [L. Ethica] of Cato, of whom that litelle boke vsede to be redde to childer in scoles is abstracte. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 171 (MED) Arystotle, in the iiije boke of Ethic, descreuyth the hardy in thys maner. 1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. ii. sig. A.iii It is the parte of Ethicke, to trete of lyfe and maners. 1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall i. sig. B Physick for our incarnation, and Ethick for our worldlie well. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 341 As for the Science Practique, it doth first imbrace..Ethique, that doth forme the manners. 1725 A. Pope Wks. Shakespear I. Pref. p. x When he treats of Ethic or Politic, we may constantly observe a wonderful justness of distinction. 1811 Classical Jrnl. Dec. 278 The science of ethic, or moral philosophy, was copied by the Greeks from the Easterns. 1875 W. K. Clifford Basis of Morals in Lect. (1879) II. 106 By Morals or Ethic I mean the doctrine of a special kind of pleasure or displeasure which is felt by the human mind in contemplating certain courses of conduct. 1913 D. Ainslie tr. B. Croce Philos. of Pract. viii. 123 In classifications of ancient Ethic the idea of ‘virtue’ or of ‘good’ was announced as the most important, in Christian Ethic that of ‘duty’. 2008 G. Vahanian Praise of Secular iii. 71 Language is the realm of ethic as it is that of faith. b. A system or set of moral principles; (in weaker sense) a set of social or personal values.Frequently with modifying word. business, Protestant, Puritan, samurai, success, work ethic, etc.: see the first element. ΚΠ 1659 H. M. Pair Spectacles for Purblind Nation 9 The Common people..never see behind the Curtain, a handsome glosse is with them as good as the Text: ('Tis the Ethick of these Hypocrites). 1878 T. W. Freckleton Unitarianism versus Evangelicalism Bristol Sel. Pamphlets 11 Righteousness is not..the declaration of some supernatural ethic. 1886 Athenæum 17 July 73 In..Mr. Spencer's ‘Data of Ethics’..an attempt to construct an ethic apart from theology is regarded as practicable. 1935 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 748 The modern Chinese..needs a better social and individual ethic. 1961 B. R. Wilson Sects & Society 1 The sect, as a protest group, has always developed its own distinctive ethic. 1995 M. Lind Next Amer. Nation iv. 150 Americans tend to subscribe to a common ethic of secular self-improvement. B. adj. = ethical adj. (now the more usual adjective) in various senses. 1. a. Of or relating to moral principles, esp. as forming a system, or the branch of knowledge or study dealing with these; = ethical adj. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > morality > [adjective] moralc1387 ethicc1443 ethical?1573 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [adjective] moralc1387 ethicc1443 ethical?1573 ethological1727 ethologic1814 meta-ethical1949 c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 277 Moral etik philosophie for reulyng of oure soule. c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 58 Þe prudence of etik reul forto kunne kepe him fro vicis. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. D1 The Ethicke and politick consideration, with the end of well dooing and not of well knowing onely. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 25 The Æthique precepts and the lawes of civil conversation. 1698 F. B. Free but Modest Censure 12 What! nothing but Ethick and Oeconomick Strictures, and such like Documents? 1735 R. Savage Progress of Divine 363 N'er let your doctrine ethic truth impart. 1745 Sir J. Pringle Let. 19 Mar. in A. Bower Hist. Univ. Edinb. (1817) II. 294 I do hereby resign my office of Professor of ethic and pneumatic philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 70 The mind..looks at actions to see what may be their ethic content; what instruction for practice they afford. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) II. xi. 249 Who..find the ethic life of their religion unimpaired. 1957 Amer. Catholic Sociol. Rev. 18 335 Religion today..has failed to translate its ethic code into the terms of the market place. 1995 Daily Tel. 10 Mar. 8/5 Recruits went through sessions of ‘auditing’ or ‘processing’ in which they were asked to divulge their inner secrets and were subject to ‘ethic penalties’ and internal discipline. b. Of an author or work: taking moral questions or ethics as a subject; = ethical adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > morality > [adjective] > dealing with morals moralc1390 ethical1581 ethic1589 sober1844 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [adjective] > of an author or work ethical1581 ethic1589 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. iv. 6 Therefore were they [sc. Poets] the first Philosophers Ethick. 1638 R. West To Pious Memory T. Randolph in T. Randolph Poems sig. **4 At once he writ an Ethick Tract and Play. 1724 R. Wodrow Life J. Wodrow* (1828) 18 I had a copy of Logick and Ethick Dictates in my father's hand among his school books. 1732 A. Pope (title) An Essay on Man, Being the First Book of Ethic Epistles. 1778 J. James in Lett. Radcliffe & James 53 Not a book, beyond a logic or ethic compend, is recommended. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1749 I. 104 But ‘The Vanity of Human Wishes’ is..as high an effort of ethick poetry as any language can shew. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. xi. 46 Thy ethic page describes Three dispositions adverse to Heav'n's will. 1858 Friend 7 Sept. 9/2 They exhibit just morals..in a manner superior to the best ethic writers in all ages and nations. 1901 Sc. Notes & Queries Nov. 59/2 He has a clear judgment as to our æsthetic and ethic writers. 2009 C. Yun-Shik in C. Yun-Shik et al. Korea confronts Globalization 10 Confucian ethic texts..abounded with exhortations and examples of status inferiors obediently following status superiors. 2. Of, relating to, or characterized by ‘ethos’ as opposed to ‘pathos’ in rhetoric or aesthetics; = ethical adj. 2. See ethos n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > aesthetics > [adjective] > relating to ethos or pathos in aesthetics ethicala1626 ethic1760 1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting vi. 126 Aristides, who was probably the most ethic of all their painters, was, as we are told by Pliny, rather hard in his colouring. 1816 Monthly Rev. May 27 The ethic painting of the northern poets abounds with traits of manners. 1848 R. N. Wornum Lect. on Painting 355 (note) The style of Polygnotus was strictly ethic. 1938 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 69 10 Aristotle's classification of tragedies as ethic and pathetic is connected with the contrast of ethos and pathos. Compounds ethic dative n. [after post-classical Latin dativus ethicus (1822 or earlier)] Grammar (esp. in Latin or Greek) a use of the dative case signifying that the person denoted has an interest in or is indirectly affected by the event; cf. ethical dative n. at ethical adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > dative > ethic dative ethic dative1837 ethical dative1849 1832 J. Kenrick tr. C. G. Zumpt Gram. Lat. Lang. (ed. 3) 268 As it expresses a lively feeling it is called dativus ethicus.] 1837 T. Woolsey in tr. Sophocles Electra 80 The pleonastic, or ethic dative, as it is sometimes called. 1867 F. W. Farrar Greek Syntax (1870) 80 To this dative of reference belongs what is called the ethic (i.e. emotional) dative. 1919 PMLA 34 504 Nor does Gollancz's reading of me..as an ethic dative seem to me correct. 1996 Internat. Jrnl. Classical Trad. 3 177 Constructions like the ablative absolute or ethic dative can convey in one or two Latin words an idea which would require a phrase of at least six in German. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1387
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