estuaryn.

/ˈɛstjuːəri/

Forms: 1500s estuarie, (1600s estuar), 1500s– estuary.

Etymology: < Latin aestuārium, prop. adjective ‘tidal’, hence a tidal marsh or opening, < aestus heat, boiling, bubbling, tide.

1. gen. A tidal opening, an inlet or creek through which the tide enters; an arm of the sea indenting the land. rare in modern use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea > in sea

fleetc893

pillOE

arm of the seaOE

sounda1300

lougha1387

bracec1400

lough1423

firthc1425

loch1427

resort1477

estuarya1552

inshot1555

mere1574

portlet1577

fret1587

frith1600

sea-gate1605

creek1625

sea-lochc1645

wick1664

fjord1674

voea1688

backwater1867

strait gulf1867

ocean-arm1871

ria1887

fjard1904

geo1934

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > pot-hole or swallow-hole

water sink1553

swallow1610

swallow-hole1660

estuary1665

swallet1668

cockpit1683

sinkhole1772

sink1791

pot1797

water-swallow1811

shake-hole1823

pothole1826

fleet-hole1839

spout hole1849

katavothron1869

ponor1890

sump1951

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 24 A greate Sande with a shorte Estuary into the Lande.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 219 Two Castles..sufficiently defended..by the Estuary of the Sea.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Æstuary, a Place overflow'd with Sea~water, such as the Washes and Fens in Lincolnshire.

1782 W. Gilpin Observ. River Wye (1789) 128 The finest estuary [Cardiff] we had seen in Wales.

1825 R. Heber Jrnl. 26 Jan. in Narr. Journey Upper Provinces India (1828) I. xxi. 625 The country resembled extremely a large æstuary, but studded with rocky islands.

1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 53 The word Fleet means an estuary or arm of the sea.

1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. v. 238 The La Plata..is rather an estuary of the sea than a river.

2. spec. The tidal mouth of a great river, where the tide meets the current of fresh water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > mouth or outfall

mouthlOE

issue1423

firthc1425

estuary15..

fall1511

port1555

inset1559

water mouth1574

open1582

emboguing1603

ostium1611

inver1615

outfall1629

ostiary1646

influx1652

disclosure1660

discharge1688

waterfoot1730

outflux1739

embouchure1792

sortie1809

beal1819

debouchure1832

salting-place1842

embouchement1844

debouchment1859

ria1887

15.. J. Stow Annales (1615) 3 The Riuer of Taus..breaketh into the German sea, and at y^e mouth forceth great estuars or armes of the sea.

1635 W. Saltonstall tr. G. Mercator Historia Mundi 105 On the East it is beaten with the German Ocean, on the North it toucheth the Æstuarie of Abus or Humber.

1781 M. J. Armstrong Hist. & Antiq. Norfolk II. 96 The vale..was formerly an æstuary, communicable with the ocean at Yarmouth.

1798 H. Skrine Two Tours Wales (T.) The river swells into a great estuary, and in sight forms the Bristol Channel.

a1804 W. Gilpin (T.) Among the solitary birds, which frequent the estuaries of rivers.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 265 Estuaries (a term which we confine to inlets entered both by rivers and tides of the sea).

1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. i. 1 Estuaries worthy of such tributaries.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 212 Upraised deposits of silt..skirt the estuary of the Clyde.

1928 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1927 79 310 Distribution: Fresh and brackish water. Ponds, streams and aestuaries along the Atlantic Coast.

†3. A place where liquid boils up. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1684 R. Boyle Wks. (1772) IV. 799 Whether..over the æstuary..there arise any visible mineral fumes.

in extended use.1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 50 Bacon was accustomed to take a draught of March-beer towards bedtime, to settle this æstuary of his mind.

†4. A vapour-bath. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > hot air or steam bath

stew1390

stovec1485

stufe1541

stow1614

furo1615

Turkish bath1644

estuary1657

steam-bath1725

Russian bath1770

stufa1832

sweat-bath1877

sauna1881

shvitz1937

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Cc2 Chirurgions have invented a certain Æstuary..like a Bird-cage.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Æstuary, in a Medicinal Sense, a receiving of the Vapours or Steam of certain boiled Drugs into the Body, thro' a hole made in a Seat or Chair.

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Æstuarium, in pharmacy, a vapor-bath.

1950 R. Graves Occupation: Writer 225 It was about this time that the Methuan Treaty with Portugal made port the family drink of the Blimps, and that the aestuary, a primitive Turkish bath, was invented.

5. attributive (sometimes quasi-adj.= estuarine adj.).

ΚΠ

1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 280 Estuary shells are more frequently liable..to be intermixed with the exuviæ of pelagic tribes.

1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) vii. 129 My reasons for considering the Pampæan formation to be an estuary deposit were, etc.

1884 Daily News 7 Oct. 6/1 While the estuary fishermen have reaped a remunerative harvest, the rod men have had little or no fishing.

Draft additions 1997

Estuary English n. a term applied (with reference to the estuary of the River Thames) to a type of accent identified as spreading outwards from London, mainly into the south-east of England, and containing features of both received pronunciation and such regional accents as Cockney.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > accent > [noun] > specific accents

Oxford accent1855

Oxford Englisha1894

Mummersetshire1952

Morningside1953

Brummie1963

Roedean1972

mid-Atlantic1975

Estuary English1984

1984 D. Rosewarne in Times Educ. Suppl. 19 Oct. 29/1 What I have chosen to term Estuary English may now and for the foreseeable future, be the strongest native influence upon RP. ‘Estuary English’ is a variety of modified regional speech... ‘Estuary English’ is a mixture of ‘London’ and General RP forms.

1993 Sunday Times 14 Mar. 1/8 It is the classless dialect sweeping southern Britain. Estuary English, the ‘high cockney’ diction typified by Ken Livingstone, Nigel Kennedy and Lord Tebbit, has taken such a hold on the way millions speak that it could become the standard spoken English of the future.

1993 New Musical Express 8 May 24/1 With his hangdog expression and deadpan Estuary English patter, rock telly's most unlikely host not only presents Later but..arranges many ground-breaking musical collaborations.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	estuary
释义	estuaryn. /ˈɛstjuːəri/ Forms: 1500s estuarie, (1600s estuar), 1500s– estuary. Etymology: < Latin aestuārium, prop. adjective ‘tidal’, hence a tidal marsh or opening, < aestus heat, boiling, bubbling, tide. 1. gen. A tidal opening, an inlet or creek through which the tide enters; an arm of the sea indenting the land. rare in modern use. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea > in sea fleetc893 pillOE arm of the seaOE sounda1300 lougha1387 bracec1400 lough1423 firthc1425 loch1427 resort1477 estuarya1552 inshot1555 mere1574 portlet1577 fret1587 frith1600 sea-gate1605 creek1625 sea-lochc1645 wick1664 fjord1674 voea1688 backwater1867 strait gulf1867 ocean-arm1871 ria1887 fjard1904 geo1934 the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > pot-hole or swallow-hole water sink1553 swallow1610 swallow-hole1660 estuary1665 swallet1668 cockpit1683 sinkhole1772 sink1791 pot1797 water-swallow1811 shake-hole1823 pothole1826 fleet-hole1839 spout hole1849 katavothron1869 ponor1890 sump1951 a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 24 A greate Sande with a shorte Estuary into the Lande. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 219 Two Castles..sufficiently defended..by the Estuary of the Sea. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Æstuary, a Place overflow'd with Sea~water, such as the Washes and Fens in Lincolnshire. 1782 W. Gilpin Observ. River Wye (1789) 128 The finest estuary [Cardiff] we had seen in Wales. 1825 R. Heber Jrnl. 26 Jan. in Narr. Journey Upper Provinces India (1828) I. xxi. 625 The country resembled extremely a large æstuary, but studded with rocky islands. 1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 53 The word Fleet means an estuary or arm of the sea. 1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. v. 238 The La Plata..is rather an estuary of the sea than a river. 2. spec. The tidal mouth of a great river, where the tide meets the current of fresh water. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > mouth or outfall mouthlOE issue1423 firthc1425 estuary15.. fall1511 port1555 inset1559 water mouth1574 open1582 emboguing1603 ostium1611 inver1615 outfall1629 ostiary1646 influx1652 disclosure1660 discharge1688 waterfoot1730 outflux1739 embouchure1792 sortie1809 beal1819 debouchure1832 salting-place1842 embouchement1844 debouchment1859 ria1887 15.. J. Stow Annales (1615) 3 The Riuer of Taus..breaketh into the German sea, and at y^e mouth forceth great estuars or armes of the sea. 1635 W. Saltonstall tr. G. Mercator Historia Mundi 105 On the East it is beaten with the German Ocean, on the North it toucheth the Æstuarie of Abus or Humber. 1781 M. J. Armstrong Hist. & Antiq. Norfolk II. 96 The vale..was formerly an æstuary, communicable with the ocean at Yarmouth. 1798 H. Skrine Two Tours Wales (T.) The river swells into a great estuary, and in sight forms the Bristol Channel. a1804 W. Gilpin (T.) Among the solitary birds, which frequent the estuaries of rivers. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 265 Estuaries (a term which we confine to inlets entered both by rivers and tides of the sea). 1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. i. 1 Estuaries worthy of such tributaries. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 212 Upraised deposits of silt..skirt the estuary of the Clyde. 1928 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1927 79 310 Distribution: Fresh and brackish water. Ponds, streams and aestuaries along the Atlantic Coast. †3. A place where liquid boils up. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1684 R. Boyle Wks. (1772) IV. 799 Whether..over the æstuary..there arise any visible mineral fumes. in extended use.1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 50 Bacon was accustomed to take a draught of March-beer towards bedtime, to settle this æstuary of his mind. †4. A vapour-bath. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > hot air or steam bath stew1390 stovec1485 stufe1541 stow1614 furo1615 Turkish bath1644 estuary1657 steam-bath1725 Russian bath1770 stufa1832 sweat-bath1877 sauna1881 shvitz1937 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Cc2 Chirurgions have invented a certain Æstuary..like a Bird-cage. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Æstuary, in a Medicinal Sense, a receiving of the Vapours or Steam of certain boiled Drugs into the Body, thro' a hole made in a Seat or Chair. 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Æstuarium, in pharmacy, a vapor-bath. 1950 R. Graves Occupation: Writer 225 It was about this time that the Methuan Treaty with Portugal made port the family drink of the Blimps, and that the aestuary, a primitive Turkish bath, was invented. 5. attributive (sometimes quasi-adj.= estuarine adj.). ΚΠ 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 280 Estuary shells are more frequently liable..to be intermixed with the exuviæ of pelagic tribes. 1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) vii. 129 My reasons for considering the Pampæan formation to be an estuary deposit were, etc. 1884 Daily News 7 Oct. 6/1 While the estuary fishermen have reaped a remunerative harvest, the rod men have had little or no fishing. Draft additions 1997 Estuary English n. a term applied (with reference to the estuary of the River Thames) to a type of accent identified as spreading outwards from London, mainly into the south-east of England, and containing features of both received pronunciation and such regional accents as Cockney. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > accent > [noun] > specific accents Oxford accent1855 Oxford Englisha1894 Mummersetshire1952 Morningside1953 Brummie1963 Roedean1972 mid-Atlantic1975 Estuary English1984 1984 D. Rosewarne in Times Educ. Suppl. 19 Oct. 29/1 What I have chosen to term Estuary English may now and for the foreseeable future, be the strongest native influence upon RP. ‘Estuary English’ is a variety of modified regional speech... ‘Estuary English’ is a mixture of ‘London’ and General RP forms. 1993 Sunday Times 14 Mar. 1/8 It is the classless dialect sweeping southern Britain. Estuary English, the ‘high cockney’ diction typified by Ken Livingstone, Nigel Kennedy and Lord Tebbit, has taken such a hold on the way millions speak that it could become the standard spoken English of the future. 1993 New Musical Express 8 May 24/1 With his hangdog expression and deadpan Estuary English patter, rock telly's most unlikely host not only presents Later but..arranges many ground-breaking musical collaborations. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.15..
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