enviousadj.

Brit.

/ˈɛnvɪəs/, U.S.

/ˈɛnviəs/

Forms: Middle English–1500s envyous(e, Middle English envyose, (Middle English enviose, envios, envius, envyus, enwius, Middle English enviyus, envyows, plural envyeusis), Middle English– envious. Also Middle English invyowse;Scottish and northern invyouse, Middle English–1500s invyous, 1500s inuious(e.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman envious, Old French envieus, -vius (modern French envieux ) = Provençal envejos , envios , Catalan envejos , Portuguese invejoso , Spanish envidioso , Italian invidioso < Latin invidiōsus , < invidia envy n.

1. Full of envy, affected or actuated by envy; vexed or discontented at the good fortune or qualities of another. Const. †against, †at, of, †to with n. or infinitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [adjective] > envious

sickOE

envious1340

envyinga1382

emulous1609

invious1622

invidious1668

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 267 O Sathan envyous.

a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27658 Þe enuius man ai lufes he leste þam þat he wate er moste honeste.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 53 There be other that be envious to see other in gretter degre thanne they.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. i. v. f. ix^v And..y^e enuyous man, for to do a displeasure to his ennemye, wyll suffre rebuke and blame.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 259 (heading) Be mirry and glaid..ffor that suffisis to anger the Invyous.

1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxiv. 19 Neither be thou enuious at the wicked.

1636 tr. J. Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin Ariana ii. viii. 328 They thought it envious against their repose, to have shed so much as a teare for them.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 32 If he blast my Muse with envious Praise.

1842 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zanoni 28 Our good Loredano is envious of my diamond.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire iii. 102 Envious scribes in his life-time taunted him with avarice.

absolute.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 Vor þe more þet þe guodes byeþ greate, þe more zorȝeþ þe enuious.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27706 Forþi sais Senec on þe envius, Quine, [etc.].1816 Ld. Byron Monody Death Sheridan The envious who but breathe in others' pain.1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xviii The envious, because they like not the sound of a living man's praise.

†2. Full of ill-will; malicious, spiteful. Obsolete.‘Still current dialect in Suffolk’ (F. Hall).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > [adjective]

teenfulOE

atteryc1175

ondfula1200

maliciousa1250

doggedc1300

enviousc1330

venoma1350

spitous?a1366

despitousc1374

heinous?a1400

venomyc1400

sinister1411

sputousc1420

doggish?a1425

cankered?a1439

doggya1450

sinistrous1460

spity1481

despiteful1488

spiteful1490

despiteous?1510

viperious?1510

peevisha1522

maliceful1522

envyful1530

viperinec1540

viperous?1542

vipered1560

uncanny1596

dogged-sprighted1600

maliced1602

ill-minded1611

virulent1613

ill-hearteda1617

doleful1617

spitish1627

splenial1641

litherlya1643

venomsome1660

slim1674

viper1721

vipereal1750

viperish1755

vicious1825

waspish1855

viperian1866

viperan1877

cattish1883

catty1886

bitchy1928

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective]

loathOE

teenfulOE

nithefulOE

ondfula1200

maliciousa1250

doggedc1300

enviousc1330

venomousa1340

venoma1350

spitous?a1366

despitousc1374

heinous?a1400

unkindlya1400

venomyc1400

sinister1411

sputousc1420

doggish?a1425

cankered?a1439

doggya1450

sinistrous1460

spity1481

despiteful1488

spiteful1490

despiteous?1510

viperious?1510

peevisha1522

envyful1530

viperous1535

viperinec1540

vipered1560

bad-minded1588

uncanny1596

dogged-sprighted1600

toothsome1601

maliced1602

ill-minded1611

virulent1613

ill-hearteda1617

doleful1617

spitish1627

ill-meaning1633

splenial1641

litherlya1643

venomsome1660

slim1668

cat-witted1672

vipereal1750

viperish1755

méchant1813

vicious1825

maliceful1840

mean1841

waspish1855

viperian1866

viperan1877

cattish1883

catty1886

bad mind1904

bitchy1908

c1330 R. Brunne (1810) 180 Grete scathe..Com tille Kyng R. for þat envios sawe.

c1430 J. Lydgate Chorle & Bird (1818) 12 Hit maketh accorde betwene folk envyous.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 5 Who more enuious then Tymon, denouncing all humaine societie?

1673 W. Penn Christian-Quaker iv. 531 Envious Displeasure against an Harmless Suffering People.

a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1765) 384 Printed by one of his Party with very envious Reflections upon it.

†3. Full of emulation; emulous. Const. of.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [adjective]

enviousa1300

emulate1604

emulatory1615

emulous1693

competitory1742

emulative1747

rivalrous1812

competitive1829

agonal1896

a1300 Floriz & Bl. 356 For he is suþe couetus And at þescheker enuius.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 150 Thei be envyeusis whiche shalle goo furst up on the offerande.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 318 Be enuious of the best gifts.

1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 15 Lycius Charioting foremost in the envious race.

†4. Grudging, parsimonious, sparing, excessively careful. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [adjective]

gnedec900

gripplea1000

fastOE

narrow-hearteda1200

narrow?c1225

straitc1290

chinchc1300

nithinga1325

scarcec1330

clama1340

hard1340

scantc1366

sparingc1386

niggardc1400

chinchy?1406

retentivea1450

niggardousa1492

niggish1519

unliberal1533

pinching1548

dry1552

nigh1555

niggardly1560

churlish1566

squeamish1566

niggardish1567

niggard-like1567

holding1569

spare1577

handfast1578

envious1580

close-handed1585

hard-handed1587

curmudgeonly1590

parsimonious?1591

costive1594

hidebound1598

penny-pinching1600

penurious1600

strait-handed1600

club-fisted1601

dry-fisted1604

fast-handed1605

fast-fingered1607

close-fisted1608

near1611

scanting1613

carkingc1620

illiberal1623

clutch-fisteda1634

hideboundeda1640

clutch-fista1643

clunch-fisted1644

unbounteous1645

hard-fisted1646

purse-bound1652

close1654

stingy1659

tenacious1676

scanty1692

sneaking1696

gripe-handed1698

narrow-souled1699

niggardling1704

snippy1727

unindulgent1742

shabby1766

neargoinga1774

cheesemongering1781

split-farthing1787

save-all1788

picked1790

iron-fisted1794

unhandsome1800

scaly1803

nearbegoing1805

tight1805

nippit1808

nipcheese1819

cumin-splitting1822

partan-handed1823

scrimping1823

scrumptious1823

scrimpy1825

meanly1827

skinny1833

pinchfisted1837

mean1840

tight-fisted1843

screwy1844

stinty1849

cheeseparing1857

skinflinty1886

mouly1904

mingy1911

cheapskate1912

picey1937

tight-assed1961

chintzy1964

tightwad1976

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 75 Beautie was no niggard of hir slippes in this gardeine, and very enuious to other grounds.

a1667 Jer. Taylor in Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) No men are so envious of their health.

†5. Calculated to excite ill-will; invidious; odious. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [adjective]

loatha700

eileOE

andsetec1000

wlatfulc1230

aloathedc1275

wlatsomea1300

unhonest13..

wlata1325

hideousc1330

abominable1340

hatefula1382

hatesomea1382

abominablec1384

odiousa1387

fulsomec1390

accursedc1400

hatousc1400

rankc1400

hateablec1425

odiblec1425

ugsomec1425

wretchedc1430

loathsomec1440

loathfula1450

noisomea1450

abhominal1477

detestable1477

loathy1481

loathing?a1513

oppugnanta1513

irksome1513

hateworthy1548

abhorful1565

ugged1570

detestine1575

ulcerous1577

opposite1578

scandalous1592

offensive1594

obscene1597

ulcered1602

dirtya1616

abhorrent1628

toady1628

envious1630

repugnant1633

nauseating1645

nauseous1646

obnoxious1646

detestful1654

reluctant1663

horrid1666

abnoxious1682

devilish1692

invidious1710

repellent1776

repellant1780

sickening1789

toadish1822

carrion1826

ugging1839

cussed1853

repugnant1879

jerky1944

vomitous1952

barfy1957

1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth i. 107 Which set began presently to be knowne by the enuious name of Puritans.

1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie Ep. Ded. 5 Hath put my pen upon this envious, but necessarie taske.

†6. That is or may be an object of envy; enviable.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [adjective] > that is to be envied

envious1590

enviable1602

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D5^v He to him lept, and that same enuious gage Of victors glory from him snatcht away.

a1639 H. Wotton Difference & Disparity Duke of Buckingham & Earl of Essex in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 69 A glorious harvest..which could not but have made an envious addition.

1665 S. Pepys Diary 8 Dec. (1972) VI. 323 So envious a place.

Compounds

General attributive.

envious-hearted adj.

ΚΠ

1873 L. Wallace Fair God ii. vii. 128 Time was when no envious-hearted knave could have made him believe, etc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	envious
释义	enviousadj. Brit. /ˈɛnvɪəs/, U.S. /ˈɛnviəs/ Forms: Middle English–1500s envyous(e, Middle English envyose, (Middle English enviose, envios, envius, envyus, enwius, Middle English enviyus, envyows, plural envyeusis), Middle English– envious. Also Middle English invyowse;Scottish and northern invyouse, Middle English–1500s invyous, 1500s inuious(e. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman envious, Old French envieus, -vius (modern French envieux ) = Provençal envejos , envios , Catalan envejos , Portuguese invejoso , Spanish envidioso , Italian invidioso < Latin invidiōsus , < invidia envy n. 1. Full of envy, affected or actuated by envy; vexed or discontented at the good fortune or qualities of another. Const. †against, †at, of, †to with n. or infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [adjective] > envious sickOE envious1340 envyinga1382 emulous1609 invious1622 invidious1668 c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 267 O Sathan envyous. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27658 Þe enuius man ai lufes he leste þam þat he wate er moste honeste. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 53 There be other that be envious to see other in gretter degre thanne they. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. i. v. f. ix^v And..y^e enuyous man, for to do a displeasure to his ennemye, wyll suffre rebuke and blame. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 259 (heading) Be mirry and glaid..ffor that suffisis to anger the Invyous. 1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxiv. 19 Neither be thou enuious at the wicked. View more context for this quotation 1636 tr. J. Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin Ariana ii. viii. 328 They thought it envious against their repose, to have shed so much as a teare for them. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 32 If he blast my Muse with envious Praise. 1842 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zanoni 28 Our good Loredano is envious of my diamond. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire iii. 102 Envious scribes in his life-time taunted him with avarice. absolute.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 Vor þe more þet þe guodes byeþ greate, þe more zorȝeþ þe enuious.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27706 Forþi sais Senec on þe envius, Quine, [etc.].1816 Ld. Byron Monody Death Sheridan The envious who but breathe in others' pain.1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xviii The envious, because they like not the sound of a living man's praise. †2. Full of ill-will; malicious, spiteful. Obsolete.‘Still current dialect in Suffolk’ (F. Hall). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > [adjective] teenfulOE atteryc1175 ondfula1200 maliciousa1250 doggedc1300 enviousc1330 venoma1350 spitous?a1366 despitousc1374 heinous?a1400 venomyc1400 sinister1411 sputousc1420 doggish?a1425 cankered?a1439 doggya1450 sinistrous1460 spity1481 despiteful1488 spiteful1490 despiteous?1510 viperious?1510 peevisha1522 maliceful1522 envyful1530 viperinec1540 viperous?1542 vipered1560 uncanny1596 dogged-sprighted1600 maliced1602 ill-minded1611 virulent1613 ill-hearteda1617 doleful1617 spitish1627 splenial1641 litherlya1643 venomsome1660 slim1674 viper1721 vipereal1750 viperish1755 vicious1825 waspish1855 viperian1866 viperan1877 cattish1883 catty1886 bitchy1928 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective] loathOE teenfulOE nithefulOE ondfula1200 maliciousa1250 doggedc1300 enviousc1330 venomousa1340 venoma1350 spitous?a1366 despitousc1374 heinous?a1400 unkindlya1400 venomyc1400 sinister1411 sputousc1420 doggish?a1425 cankered?a1439 doggya1450 sinistrous1460 spity1481 despiteful1488 spiteful1490 despiteous?1510 viperious?1510 peevisha1522 envyful1530 viperous1535 viperinec1540 vipered1560 bad-minded1588 uncanny1596 dogged-sprighted1600 toothsome1601 maliced1602 ill-minded1611 virulent1613 ill-hearteda1617 doleful1617 spitish1627 ill-meaning1633 splenial1641 litherlya1643 venomsome1660 slim1668 cat-witted1672 vipereal1750 viperish1755 méchant1813 vicious1825 maliceful1840 mean1841 waspish1855 viperian1866 viperan1877 cattish1883 catty1886 bad mind1904 bitchy1908 c1330 R. Brunne (1810) 180 Grete scathe..Com tille Kyng R. for þat envios sawe. c1430 J. Lydgate Chorle & Bird (1818) 12 Hit maketh accorde betwene folk envyous. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 5 Who more enuious then Tymon, denouncing all humaine societie? 1673 W. Penn Christian-Quaker iv. 531 Envious Displeasure against an Harmless Suffering People. a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1765) 384 Printed by one of his Party with very envious Reflections upon it. †3. Full of emulation; emulous. Const. of. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [adjective] enviousa1300 emulate1604 emulatory1615 emulous1693 competitory1742 emulative1747 rivalrous1812 competitive1829 agonal1896 a1300 Floriz & Bl. 356 For he is suþe couetus And at þescheker enuius. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 150 Thei be envyeusis whiche shalle goo furst up on the offerande. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 318 Be enuious of the best gifts. 1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 15 Lycius Charioting foremost in the envious race. †4. Grudging, parsimonious, sparing, excessively careful. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [adjective] gnedec900 gripplea1000 fastOE narrow-hearteda1200 narrow?c1225 straitc1290 chinchc1300 nithinga1325 scarcec1330 clama1340 hard1340 scantc1366 sparingc1386 niggardc1400 chinchy?1406 retentivea1450 niggardousa1492 niggish1519 unliberal1533 pinching1548 dry1552 nigh1555 niggardly1560 churlish1566 squeamish1566 niggardish1567 niggard-like1567 holding1569 spare1577 handfast1578 envious1580 close-handed1585 hard-handed1587 curmudgeonly1590 parsimonious?1591 costive1594 hidebound1598 penny-pinching1600 penurious1600 strait-handed1600 club-fisted1601 dry-fisted1604 fast-handed1605 fast-fingered1607 close-fisted1608 near1611 scanting1613 carkingc1620 illiberal1623 clutch-fisteda1634 hideboundeda1640 clutch-fista1643 clunch-fisted1644 unbounteous1645 hard-fisted1646 purse-bound1652 close1654 stingy1659 tenacious1676 scanty1692 sneaking1696 gripe-handed1698 narrow-souled1699 niggardling1704 snippy1727 unindulgent1742 shabby1766 neargoinga1774 cheesemongering1781 split-farthing1787 save-all1788 picked1790 iron-fisted1794 unhandsome1800 scaly1803 nearbegoing1805 tight1805 nippit1808 nipcheese1819 cumin-splitting1822 partan-handed1823 scrimping1823 scrumptious1823 scrimpy1825 meanly1827 skinny1833 pinchfisted1837 mean1840 tight-fisted1843 screwy1844 stinty1849 cheeseparing1857 skinflinty1886 mouly1904 mingy1911 cheapskate1912 picey1937 tight-assed1961 chintzy1964 tightwad1976 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 75 Beautie was no niggard of hir slippes in this gardeine, and very enuious to other grounds. a1667 Jer. Taylor in Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) No men are so envious of their health. †5. Calculated to excite ill-will; invidious; odious. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [adjective] loatha700 eileOE andsetec1000 wlatfulc1230 aloathedc1275 wlatsomea1300 unhonest13.. wlata1325 hideousc1330 abominable1340 hatefula1382 hatesomea1382 abominablec1384 odiousa1387 fulsomec1390 accursedc1400 hatousc1400 rankc1400 hateablec1425 odiblec1425 ugsomec1425 wretchedc1430 loathsomec1440 loathfula1450 noisomea1450 abhominal1477 detestable1477 loathy1481 loathing?a1513 oppugnanta1513 irksome1513 hateworthy1548 abhorful1565 ugged1570 detestine1575 ulcerous1577 opposite1578 scandalous1592 offensive1594 obscene1597 ulcered1602 dirtya1616 abhorrent1628 toady1628 envious1630 repugnant1633 nauseating1645 nauseous1646 obnoxious1646 detestful1654 reluctant1663 horrid1666 abnoxious1682 devilish1692 invidious1710 repellent1776 repellant1780 sickening1789 toadish1822 carrion1826 ugging1839 cussed1853 repugnant1879 jerky1944 vomitous1952 barfy1957 1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth i. 107 Which set began presently to be knowne by the enuious name of Puritans. 1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie Ep. Ded. 5 Hath put my pen upon this envious, but necessarie taske. †6. That is or may be an object of envy; enviable. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [adjective] > that is to be envied envious1590 enviable1602 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D5^v He to him lept, and that same enuious gage Of victors glory from him snatcht away. a1639 H. Wotton Difference & Disparity Duke of Buckingham & Earl of Essex in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 69 A glorious harvest..which could not but have made an envious addition. 1665 S. Pepys Diary 8 Dec. (1972) VI. 323 So envious a place. Compounds General attributive. envious-hearted adj. ΚΠ 1873 L. Wallace Fair God ii. vii. 128 Time was when no envious-hearted knave could have made him believe, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1300
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